Search

Your search keyword '"Kapperud, Georg"' showing total 169 results
Start Over Author "Kapperud, Georg" Search Limiters Full Text
169 results on '"Kapperud, Georg"'

2. Handlingsrommet etter påvisning av skrantesyke (Chronic Wasting Disease, CWD) på Hardangervidda – grunnlag for fremtidige Vitenskapelig uttalelse fra Vitenskapskomiteen for Mat og Miljø (VKM)

Author

Ytrehus, Bjørnar, Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen, Hansen, Helge, Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland, Mysterud, Atle, Strand, Olav, Tranulis, Michael A., Våge, Jørn, Kapperud, Georg, Madslien, Knut Ivar Engesæter, Rueness, Eli Knispel, and Wasteson, Yngvild

Subjects
Wild reindeer hunt, Skrantesyke, Chronic wasting disease, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 [VDP], Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 [VDP], Villrein, Wild rein deer, Villreinfangst, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400
Published
2021

3. Handlingsrommet etter påvisning av skrantesyke (Chronic Wasting Disease, CWD) på Hardangervidda – grunnlag for fremtidige forvaltningsstrategier. Vitenskapelig uttalelse fra Vitenskapskomiteen for Mat og Miljø (VKM)

Author

Ytrehus, Bjørnar, Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen, Hansen, Helge, Mysterud, Atle, Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland, Strand, Olav, Tranulis, Michael A., Våge, Jørn, Kapperud, Georg, Madslien, Knut Ivar Engesæter, Rueness, Eli Knispel, and Wasteson, Yngvild

Subjects
Ecology: 488 [VDP], Wild reindeer hunt, Animal health, Villrein, Wild rein deer, VDP::Økologi: 488, Environmental risks, Dyrehelse, VDP::Ecology: 488, Dyrevelferd, Miljørisiko, Risikovurdering, Natural Resource Management, Skrantesyke, Chronic wasting disease, Dyrehelse og -velferd, Animal welfare, Naturforvaltning, Animal health and welfare, Økologi: 488 [VDP], Villreinfangst, Risk assessment
Published
2021

5. Oppdatert kunnskap om det zoonotiske potensialet av skrantesjuke ved håndtering av slakt og konsum av kjøtt. Vitenskapelig uttalelse fra faggruppen for hygiene og smittestoffer i Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø

Author

Tranulis, Michael A., Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Kapperud, Georg, Pahnke, Jens, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Jore, Solveig, Melby, Kjetil Klaveness, Møretrø, Trond, Nesbakken, Truls, Robertson, Lucy, and Skjerdal, Olaug Taran

Subjects
Slaughtering, VDP::Andre landbruksfag: 919, Other agricultural sciences: 919 [VDP], Slakting, Andre landbruksfag: 919 [VDP], Kjøttkvalitet, Skrantesyke, Risikovurdering, VDP::Other agricultural sciences: 919, Chronic wasting disease, Zoonoser, Zoonoses, Flesh quality, Reinsdyr, Reindeer, Risk assessment
Published
2021

6. Risk ranking and source attribution of food- and waterborne pathogens for surveillance purposes. Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

Author

Skjerdal, Olaug Taran, Aspholm, Marina Elisabeth, Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Jore, Solveig, Kapperud, Georg, Melby, Kjetil Klaveness, Møretrø, Trond, Myrmel, Mette, Nesbakken, Truls, Robertson, Lucy, and Strachan, Norval

Subjects
VDP::Klinisk veterinærmedisinske fag: 950, Klinisk veterinærmedisinske fag: 950 [VDP], Clinical veterinary sciences: 950 [VDP], VDP::Clinical veterinary sciences: 950
Published
2021

8. Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: comparison of isolates from avian wildlife, domestic animals, and the environment in Norway

Author

Refsum, Thorbjorn, Heir, Even, Kapperud, Georg, Vardund, Traute, and Holstad, Gudmund

Subjects
Salmonella typhimurium -- Environmental aspects, Salmonella typhimurium -- Physiological aspects, Gel electrophoresis -- Usage, Epidemiology -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research has been conducted on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from avian domestic and wildlife animals. The study of molecular epidemology of these isolates has been carried out via the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and computerized numerical analysis, and the results are reported.

Published
2002

9. Salmonellae in avian wildlife in Norway from 1969 to 2000

Author

Refsum, Thorbjorn, Handeland, Kjell, Baggesen, Dorte Lau, Holstad, Gudmund, and Kapperud, Georg

Subjects
Salmonella -- Environmental aspects, Salmonella -- Physiological aspects, Bacteriophages -- Research, Plasmids -- Physiological aspects, Bacterial infections -- Causes of, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research has been conducted on salmonella infection in wild-living birds in Norway. The authors summarize the records of Salmonella detection in wild birds and compare the isolates via the use of plasmid profile analysis and phage typing.

Published
2002

10. Detection of small numbers of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples by a seminested PCR assay

Author

Vardund, Traute, Waage, Astrid S., Lund, Vidar, and Kapperud, Georg

Subjects
Campylobacter -- Environmental aspects, Sewage -- Microbiology, Food -- Microbiology, Bacteria -- Environmental aspects, Water pollution -- Environmental aspects, Microbial contamination -- Environmental aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Small numbers of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli cells have been detected in environmental water, sewage and food samples using a seminested PCR assay. Water and sewage samples were filtered, while the filters were enriched overnight in a nonselective medium. The approach proved effective for specific detection of Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli in drinking water as well as environmental water, sewage and food samples with high concentrations of background organisms.

Published
1999

15. Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in foods and water by immunomagnetic separation, nested polymerase chain reactions, and colorimetric detection of amplified DNA

Author

Kapperud, Georg, Vardund, Traute, Skjerve, Eystein, Hornes, Erik, and Michaelsen, Terje E.

Subjects
Yersinia enterocolitica -- Identification and classification, Immunotaxonomy -- Usage, Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, Gene amplification -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

A two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, using the rested pairs of primers unique to the yadA gene of Yersinia enterocolitica, was devised. The PCR assay revealed common pathogenic serogroups in three continents, and distinguished pathogenic Y. enterocolitica from Y. pseudotuberculosis. Seeded food and water samples were employed to measure the performance of this method.

Published
1993

16. Outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica serogroup O:9 infection and processed pork, Norway

Author

Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Schimmer, Barbara, Cudjoe, Kofitsyo S., Nygard, Karin, and Kapperud, Georg

Subjects
Yersinia infections -- Causes of, Yersinia infections -- Complications and side effects, Yersinia infections -- Diagnosis, Yersinia infections -- Care and treatment, Pork -- Risk factors, Pork -- Health aspects
Abstract

An outbreak involving 11 persons infected with Yersinia Enterocolitica 0:9 was investigated in Norway in February 2006. A case-control study and microbiologic investigation indicated a ready-to-eat pork product as the [...]

Published
2007

17. Årsrapport Utbrudd av smittsomme sykdommer i Norge i 2017. Vevbasert system for utbruddsvarsling (Vesuv)

Author

Macdonald, Emily Ann, Berg, Thale Cathrine, Brandal, Lin Cathrine T., Kacelnik, Oliver, Kapperud, Georg, Lange, Heidi, Tønnesen, Ragnhild, Vold, Line, and Nygård, Karin Maria

Abstract

I 2017 ble det varslet 162 utbrudd med totalt 2 320 rapporterte sykdomstilfeller. Dette er litt mer enn i 2016, men på samme nivå som årene før. Antallet syke varierte fra 2 til 230 per utbrudd. Ved 36 av utbruddene var det mistanke om smitte fra næringsmidler. Over 60 prosent av alle utbrudd (101 utbrudd) ble varslet fra helseinstitusjoner. For utbrudd i helseinstitusjoner var norovirus (47 utbrudd), meticillinresistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (11 utbrudd), influensavirus (11 utbrudd) og vankomycinresistente enterokokker (VRE) (9 utbrudd) de hyppigst forekommende agens. Det vanligste agens angitt ved næringsmiddelbårne utbrudd var norovirus (7 utbrudd), etterfulgt av enterohemoragisk E. coli (EHEC) og Campylobacter (3 utbrudd hver). Det er antakelig fortsatt en stor underrapportering av utbrudd. Rask og mer fullstendig varsling av utbrudd gjør at sentrale myndigheter kan se det enkelte utbrudd i nasjonal og internasjonal sammenheng. De kan dermed danne seg et bilde av den epidemiologiske situasjon i landet som helhet, varsle internasjonale instanser dersom det er nødvendig og gi råd og informasjon der det er behov.

Published
2018

21. Outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Norway caused by stx2-positive Escherichia coli O103:H25 traced to cured mutton sausages

Author

Lindstedt Bjørn-Arne, Lassen Jørgen, Eriksen Hanne-Merete, Nygard Karin, Schimmer Barbara, Brandal Lin T, Kapperud Georg, and Aavitsland Preben

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background On 20–21 February 2006, six cases of diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) were reported by paediatricians to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. We initiated an investigation to identify the etiologic agent and determine the source of the outbreak in order to implement control measures. Methods A case was defined as a child with diarrhoea-associated HUS or any person with an infection with the outbreak strain of E. coli O103 (defined by the multi-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) profile) both with illness onset after January 1st 2006 in Norway. After initial hypotheses-generating interviews, we performed a case-control study with the first fifteen cases and three controls for each case matched by age, sex and municipality. Suspected food items were sampled, and any E. coli O103 strains were typed by MLVA. Results Between 20 February and 6 April 2006, 17 cases were identified, of which 10 children developed HUS, including one fatal case. After pilot interviews, a matched case-control study was performed indicating an association between a traditional cured sausage (odds ratio 19.4 (95% CI: 2.4–156)) and STEC infection. E. coli O103:H25 identical to the outbreak strain defined by MLVA profile was found in the product and traced back to contaminated mutton. Conclusion We report an outbreak caused by a rare STEC variant (O103:H25, stx2-positive). More than half of the diagnosed patients developed HUS, indicating that the causative organism is particularly virulent. Small ruminants continue to be important reservoirs for human-pathogen STEC. Improved slaughtering hygiene and good manufacturing practices for cured sausage products are needed to minimise the possibility of STEC surviving through the entire sausage production process.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Prevalence and characterization of integrons in blood culture Enterobacteriaceae and gastrointestinal Escherichia coli in Norway and reporting of a novel class 1 integron-located lincosamide resistance gene

Author

Gjernes Elisabet, Leegaard Truls M, Lindstedt Bjørn-Arne, Heir Even, and Kapperud Georg

Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Abstract Background Class 1 integrons contain genetic elements for site-specific recombination, capture and mobilization of resistance genes. Studies investigating the prevalence, distribution and types of integron located resistance genes are important for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and to understand resistance development at the molecular level. Methods We determined the prevalence and genetic content of class 1 integrons in Enterobacteriaceae (strain collection 1, n = 192) and E. coli (strain collection 2, n = 53) from bloodstream infections in patients from six Norwegian hospitals by molecular techniques. Class 1 integrons were also characterized in 54 randomly selected multiresistant E. coli isolates from gastrointestinal human infections (strain collection 3). Results Class 1 integrons were present in 10.9% of the Enterobacteriaceae blood culture isolates of collection 1, all but one (S. Typhi) being E. coli. Data indicated variations in class 1 integron prevalence between hospitals. Class 1 integrons were present in 37% and 34% of the resistant blood culture isolates (collection 1 and 2, respectively) and in 42% of the resistant gastrointestinal E. coli. We detected a total of 10 distinct integron cassette PCR amplicons that varied in size between 0.15 kb and 2.2 kb and contained between zero and three resistance genes. Cassettes encoding resistance to trimethoprim and aminoglycosides were most common. We identified and characterized a novel plasmid-located integron with a cassette-bound novel gene (linF) located downstream of an aadA2 gene cassette. The linF gene encoded a putative 273 aa lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase resistance protein and conferred resistance to lincomycin and clindamycin. The deduced LinF amino acid sequence displayed approximately 35% identity to the Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis nucleotidyl transferases encoded by linB and linB' Conclusions The present study demonstrated an overall low and stable prevalence of class 1 integron gene cassettes in clinical Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli isolates in Norway. Characterization of the novel lincosamide resistance gene extends the growing list of class 1 integron gene cassettes that confer resistance to an increasing number of antibiotics.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. DNA fingerprinting of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli O157 based on Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeats Analysis (MLVA)

Author

Vardund Traute, Gjernes Elisabet, Heir Even, Lindstedt Bjørn-Arne, and Kapperud Georg

Subjects
VNTR fingerprinting, Escherichia coli, STEC, capillary electrophoresis, PFGE, AFLP, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Abstract Background The ability to react early to possible outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and to trace possible sources relies on the availability of highly discriminatory and reliable techniques. The development of methods that are fast and has the potential for complete automation is needed for this important pathogen. Methods In all 73 isolates of shiga-toxin producing E. coli O157 (STEC) were used in this study. The two available fully sequenced STEC genomes were scanned for tandem repeated stretches of DNA, which were evaluated as polymorphic markers for isolate identification. Results The 73 E. coli isolates displayed 47 distinct patterns and the MLVA assay was capable of high discrimination between the E. coli O157 strains. The assay was fast and all the steps can be automated. Conclusion The findings demonstrate a novel high discriminatory molecular typing method for the important pathogen E. coli O157 that is fast, robust and offers many advantages compared to current methods.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. CWD in Norway

Author

Tranulis, Michael A., Tryland, Morten, Kapperud, Georg, Skjerve, Eystein, Gudding, Roar, Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Eckner, Karl Fredrich, Lassen, Jørgen Fr, Narvhus, Judith, Nesbakken, Truls, Robertson, Lucy, Rosnes, Jan Thomas, Vold, Line, Yazdankhah, Siamak Pour, Wasteson, Yngvild, and Skjerdal, Olaug Taran

Subjects
VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, VDP::Agriculture and fishery disciplines: 900, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800
Abstract

Source at https://vkm.no/ The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and Norwegian Environmental Authority (NEA) asked the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) for an opinion on factors associated with the introduction of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) to Norway. VKM appointed a working group consisting of two members of the Panel on Biological Hazards, one member of Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, and two external experts to prepare the answer to the questions. The Panel on Biological Hazards has reviewed and revised the draft prepared by the working group and approved the opinion. Mattilsynet og Miljødirektoratet har bedt Vitenskapskomitéen for mattrygghet (VKM) om å besvare spørsmål knyttet til mattrygghet og dyrehelse etter at den uhelbredelige sykdommen Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) nylig ble påvist hos en villrein og senere hos to elger i Norge. VKM nedsatte en arbeidsgruppe bestående av to medlemmer fra Faggruppen for hygiene og smittestoffer, ett medlem fra Faggruppen for dyrehelse- og velferd samt to eksterne eksperter, for å utarbeide en vurdering knyttet til de stilte spørsmålene. Faggruppen for hygiene og smittestoffer har lest utkast til rapporten og godkjent vurderingen.

Published
2016

44. CWD in Norway. Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

Author

Tranulis, Michael A., Tryland, Morten, Kapperud, Georg, Skjerve, Eystein, Gudding, Roar, Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Eckner, Karl Fredrich, Lassen, Jørgen Fr, Narvhus, Judith, Nesbakken, Truls, Robertson, Lucy, Rosnes, Jan Thomas, Skjerdal, Taran, Vold, Line, and Yazdankhah, Siamak Pour

Subjects
animal diseases
Abstract

The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and Norwegian Environmental Authority (NEA) asked the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) for an opinion on factors associated with the introduction of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) to Norway. VKM appointed a working group consisting of two members of the Panel on Biological Hazards, one member of Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, and two external experts to prepare the answer to the questions. The Panel on Biological Hazards has reviewed and revised the draft prepared by the working group and approved the opinion. CWD was diagnosed in March 2016 in a wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from the Nordfjella mountain area in Norway and in May and June in two mooses (Alces alces) in Selbu in South Trøndelag County, approximately 300 km north from the first case. There is currently no information to determine the origin(s) of CWD agents in Norway. However, the sporadic or genetic (somatic mutation) occurrence of prion disease in cervids cannot be excluded, nor can introduction from North America or other countries. Furthermore, there is no evidence that it has not been circulating at low levels in the Norwegian cervid populations for years, but has not previously been identified. In this scientific opinion, information on prion diseases in general, and CWD in particular, is presented in the light of experiences with this disease in North America. Prions are among the most resilient pathogens known and dissemination of prions into ecosystems is likely to result in long-term problems. Prions bind strongly to soil and remain infectious. In CWD, prions are present in most peripheral organs and also shed into the environment via saliva, faeces, and urine, as well as with the placenta. CWD transmits easily among cervids, either through direct contact, or indirectly via the environment. Migration of animals is relevant for the spread between areas. Strain diversification might occur in CWD and may influence transmission properties of the agents. Clinical signs of CWD are non-specific and do not alone enable confirmation of the diagnosis. Analysis of tissue from the brainstem at the level of the obex by approved methods is necessary for diagnosis of CWD. Prion infectivity is assessed by bioassays, often involving transgenic mice. In vitro conversion assays, like protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), provide sensitive quantification of converting activity, which is a good approximation of infectivity. Genetic variation (polymorphisms) in the gene that encodes PrP (PRNP) can modulate sensitivity towards CWD. The level of such genetic variation in Norwegian wild and semi- domesticated cervids is currently unknown. Cattle and sheep are at very low risk of developing CWD and it is highly unlikely that prion diseases in sheep or cattle are the origin of CWD. VKM Report 2016: 26 6 Although transmission of CWD to humans has never been known to occur, and animals other than cervids have not been found to be infected, indicating a species barrier, this possibility cannot be excluded. Thus, measures for reduction of human exposure are recommended. Taking into account uncertainties regarding the plasticity of the CWD agents and the lack of transmission data from the Norwegian isolates, this scientific opinion considers the zoonotic risk of CWD to be very low.

Published
2016

47. Assessment of antimicrobial resistance in the food chains in Norway. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on microbiological hazards of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

Author

Yazdankhah, Siamak Pour, Grahek-Ogden, Danica, Hjeltnes, Brit, Langsrud, Solveig, Lassen, Jørgen Fr, Norström, Madelaine, Sunde, Marianne, Eckner, Karl Fredrich, Kapperud, Georg, Narvhus, Judith, Nesbakken, Truls, Robertson, Lucy, Rosnes, Jan Thomas, Skjerdal, Taran, Skjerve, Eystein, Vold, Line, and Wasteson, Yngvild

Published
2015

48. Additional file 4 of Shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli infections in Norway, 1992–2012: characterization of isolates and identification of risk factors for haemolytic uremic syndrome

Author

Brandal, Lin, Wester, Astrid, Lange, Heidi, Løbersli, Inger, Bjørn-Arne Lindstedt, Vold, Line, and Kapperud, Georg

Subjects
fluids and secretions, animal diseases, bacteria, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses
Abstract

Distribution of stx genotypes in STEC O157 compared to non-O157 STEC, Norway 1992–2012. Distribution and combination of stx1 and stx2 subtypes in STEC O157 compared to non-O157 STEC, Norway from 1992–2012.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results