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In this study, a numerical simulation is performed to explore oscillatory natural convection in a square enclosure with a phase change material (PCM) suspension using the implicit finite difference method. The following parameters are considered: aspect ratio of the physical model = 1; ratio of the buoyancies caused by temperature and concentration gradients = 1; Rayleigh number = 103-106; initial mass fraction (or concentration) of PCM particles = 0–0.1; Stefan number = 0.005–0.1; and subcooling factor = 0–1.0. The results show that high Rayleigh numbers can easily cause oscillations in the flow field and temperature distribution. However, even under low Rayleigh number conditions, when the initial mass fraction or subcooling is increased or the Stefan number is decreased, oscillations occur. • Heat transfer in an enclosure with PCM suspension was numerically investigated. • Oscillatory natural convection phenomena are found. • High Rayleigh numbers can easily cause the oscillations in the flow and temperature. • High initial mass fraction or subcooling can cause, even under low Rayleigh numbers. • Low Stefan numbers cause too, under low Rayleigh numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper investigates how cutting conditions affect dynamic cutting factor and system process damping in a dynamic milling process. By considering variation of edge plowing force, a frequency domain method is presented to identify the dynamic cutting factor through measured vibration in a milling process, and cutting conditions most suitable for the identification experiments are also discussed. A series of experiments are carried out to investigate the effects of cutting conditions on the dynamic cutting factor. This factor is shown to be significantly affected by the cutting speed, but relatively independent of the feed per tooth and the radial depth of cut. An average process damping model is further constructed and shown to be effective in representing the time-varying damping function. The average process damping is shown to increase rapidly at lower cutting speed, but remain constant as the cutting speed beyond a critical value. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Al2O3 structure ceramics have been investigated extensively in previous studies. In order to compare micron- with submicron-scale powder on forming and sintering behaviors, three commercial α-Al2O3 powders were studied: 0.15μm (denoted S as small in the paper) (granulating), 0.43μm (denoted M as middle) (granulating), and 1.8μm (denoted L as large) (granulate-free) at d 50 (median size). Although the (M) powder contains hard agglomerates, it forms more easily than the (S) powder. This is principally because the (M)''s soft agglomeration strength (0.03MPa) is weaker than (S) (7MPa). The (L) bulk formed easily with lower pressure 10MPa because of wider starting-particle size distribution, 0.2–15μm. The (S) primary particles rearranged before sintering, so it postponed its sintering onset temperature to about 1200°C. Additionally, its shrinkage rate becomes maximal and concentrated at the 2nd stage of sintering from 1300 to 1400°C. (M) bulk revealed the longest shrinkage range from 1000 to 1500°C because the sintering occurred with its hard agglomerates at first. Although (L) powder formed rather easily, its sintering was impeded by a much wider particle size distribution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Using the Buckingham Pi theorem, this study derives dimensionless correlations to characterize the heat transfer performance of the corrugated channel in a plate heat exchanger. The experimental data are substituted into these correlations to identify the flow characteristics and channel geometry parameters with the most significant influence on the heat transfer performance. Simplified correlations by omitting the factors with less influence are then obtained. The results show that Nu x is affected primarily by Re, R/D h, x/D h, and β. Neglecting the minor effect of factors on Nu x, it is shown that Nu m is determined primarily by Re, R/D h and β. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sandwich structures with a soft core typically exhibit multiple deformation modes such as bending, twisting and compression when subjected to transverse loads. Compressive behavior of soft core significantly affects the structural response, which is usually neglected in conventional plate theories. Additionally, conventional plate theories do not take into account transverse shear stress continuity. In order to address this concern and precisely characterize the characteristics of arbitrary multilayer laminated structures, a novel electromechanical coupled finite element model is developed. This model is based on a compressible layerwise third-order shear deformation theory with a soft core. Notably, the proposed model theory requires only twelve degrees of freedom for each quadratic element node. The accuracy of the model is validated first. Afterwards, several numerical investigations are carried out for piezolaminated sandwich structures with different width-to-thickness ratios, reinforcement angle and skew angle. The results demonstrate the applicability of the current model in predicting the behavior of laminated sandwich plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have shown that a positive attitude or beliefs towards life are associated with health. This study aims to investigate the predictors associated with self-reported health and to exam the impact of self-reported health towards negative feelings in the general population. Three latent variables (healthy food, self-health, and negative feeling) were constructed to investigate the relationship between self-reported health and people's negative feeling. [Extracted from the article]

To describe the trajectory of self-perceived health, use of hypnotic drugs, and total health care costs among patients with a reported diagnosis of anxiety disorders. Among anxiety patients exhibiting higher comorbidity scores (>11), our model predicted that using hypnotics might save total health care costs comparing patients not being prescribed when holding other variables constant. [Extracted from the article]

Studies the angular dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra for two systems of magnetic granular films. Experimental methods; Angular dependence of the resonant field; Conclusion.

A procedure is proposed to analyze the structural failure of a composite wind blade subjected to quasi-static loads. The structural failure of a wind blade under extreme wind loads which can be treated as quasi-static loads is an important issue to be tackled when assessing the reliability of a wind turbine. In the proposed structural failure analysis procedure, the geometrically nonlinear finite element (FE) method together with several phenomenological failure criteria is used to investigate the possible failure modes such as incipient buckling, interfacial debonding, and first-ply failure of the blade via an incremental loading approach. The failure loads and locations associated with the possible failure modes for a number of small wind blades with different structural configurations are determined to study the appropriateness of the failure criteria. Static tests of several small glass-fabric composite wind blades were conducted to validate the suitability of the proposed procedure. It has been shown that the experimentally and theoretically predicted failure processes of the wind blades are in good agreement. The applications of the proposed procedure are demonstrated by means of a numerical example in which the failure process of a wind blade under quasi-static wind loads is simulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared thermography and pressure measurements are presented of the detailed local Nusselt number ( Nu 0 ) distributions over top-endwall and the associated pressure drop coefficients ( f 0 ) of a stationary two-pass 90-deg ribbed parallelogram channel. The parallelogram cross-section has equal adjacent sides of 45.5 mm in length (aspect ratio = 1) and channel hydraulic diameter of 32.17 mm. The rib pitch-to-height ratio, rib width-to-height ratio and rib-height to channel-height ratio are 10, 1 and 0.1, respectively. It is aimed at exploring the effects of Reynolds number, Re = 5000–20,000, on Nu 0 and regionally averaged ( Nu ‾ 0 ) Nusselt numbers along the ribbed inlet/outlet legs and over the bend. To gain insight into the heat transfer augmentation mechanisms, the PIV measurements were also performed for correlating the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the two legs and inside the bend at Re = 10,000 in terms of the streamwise main flow and cross-sectional secondary flow, turbulent kinetic energy as well as spanwise and streamwise Nu 0 and Nu ‾ 0 . It is found that the flow dynamic mechanisms responsible for the rib-top and mid-rib heat transfer enhancement are different for the inlet and outlet passes. The presences of a skewed high Nu 0 streak between the last inlet-leg rib and the bend as well as two high Nu 0 zones inside the bend are the new found features lacking in the corresponding two-pass 90-deg ribbed square channel. In addition, simple correlations of Nu 0 and f 0 with Re are acquired. Thermal performance factors are about 66% and 28% higher than the previous reported smooth-walled counterpart at Re = 5000 and 20,000, respectively. They are further compared with those of the corresponding square channels available from the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on drug-induced tardive dyskinesia. Names of neuroleptic drugs associated with the disease; Pathophysiology of the condition; Effectivity of Deanol.

Abstract: Variations in tetragonal distortion and the degree of crystallinity of ultrafine BaTiO3 particles—both industrially applied criteria qualifying their polar characteristics—upon growth during annealing were studied on powders, prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis and by the oxalate route respectively. Regardless of the synthetic route both these properties were found to develop approximately to the same extent with increasing primary particle size. The degree of crystallinity was detectable only above a critical value of c/a=1.007 at an average particle size of around 120nm. Intragranular porosity in hydrothermal powders and the stoichiometric Ba/Ti-ratio are of minor influence. However, distinct differences in particle growth behavior for both powders were observed. This discrepancy is ascribed to a special morphology of the hydrothermal product, where enhanced particle growth was found to be governed by oriented attachment of individual crystallites and by the motion of solid–solid interfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Three Ni-free Zr-based BMGs with composition of Zr60Nb5Cu20Fe5Al10, Zr60Nb5Cu22.5Pd5Al7.5, Zr60Ti6Cu19Fe5Al10 were fabricated by suck copper-mould casting. All the BMGs prepared exhibit good glassy forming ability and wide supercooled liquid region ranging from 38 to 99K. These BMGs also show good mechanical properties under static compression with yield strength of over 1350MPa, Young''s modulus of 70–80GPa, and plastic strain of 3.6–9.5%. Friction and wear tests revealed that the BMGs exhibit much better wear resistance than the medical alloy Ti6Al4V, although BMGs have a higher friction coefficient. In addition, the in vitro test indicated that the BMGs have a similar or even better cell viability and proliferation activity as compared with Ti6Al4V. Finally, the in vivo evaluation of the BMGs was carried out by the implantation of BMG samples into white rabbits. It is shown that the BMG implants performed as well as the Ti alloy, demonstrating that the Ni-free Zr-based BMGs developed in this work are promising in medical applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Because of its excellent anodic bonding property and surface integrity, borosilicate glass is usually used as the substrate for micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS). For building the communication interface, micro-holes need to be drilled on this substrate. However, a micro-hole with diameter below 200 μm is difficult to manufacture using traditional machining processes. To solve this problem, a machining method that combines micro electrical-discharge machining (MEDM) and micro ultrasonic vibration machining (MUSM) is proposed herein for producing precise micro-holes with high aspect ratios in borosilicate glass. In the investigations described in this paper, a circular micro-tool was produced using the MEDM process. This tool was then used to drill a hole in glass using the MUSM process. The experiments showed that using appropriate machining parameters; the diameter variations between the entrances and exits (DVEE) could reach a value of about 2 μm in micro-holes with diameters of about 150 μm and depths of 500 μm. DVEE could be improved if an appropriate slurry concentration; ultrasonic amplitude or rotational speed was utilized. In the roundness investigations, the machining tool rotation speed had a close relationship to the degree of micro-hole roundness. Micro-holes with a roundness value of about 2 μm (the max. radius minus the min. radius) could be obtained if the appropriate rotational speed was employed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Approximately 33% of stroke survivors suffer depression and depression is associated with disability, poor quality of life and mortality. We examined association between depression and healthcare expenditures among stroke survivors. Conclusions Depression in stroke survivors was associated with increased prescription expenditure, but not other expenditures. [Extracted from the article]

This method is termed Terminal branches portal vein Embolization Liver Partition Planned hepatectomy (TELPP). Of the 11 patients with hepatectomy, right hemihepatectomy(n=2), extended right hemihepatectomy (n=5), right trisecmentectomy(n=2), extended left hemihepatectomy (n=1) and left trisecmentectomy(n=1). It has the merit of ALPPS as extraordinarily rapid increasement of FLR volume, yet the morbidity and mortality is much lowe, as only single surgical operation is required. [Extracted from the article]

This method is termed Terminal branches portal vein Embolization Liver Partition Planned hepatectomy (TELPP). Of the 11 patients with hepatectomy, right hemihepatectomy(n=2), extended right hemihepatectomy (n=5),right trisecmentectomy(n=2), extended left hemihepatectomy (n=1) and left trisecmentectomy(n=1). It has the merit of ALPPS as extraordinarily rapid increasement of FLR volume, yet the morbidity and mortality is much lowe, as only single surgical operation is required. [Extracted from the article]

Presents a study on the effectiveness of the aerodynamic improvement of a high-alpha airfoil, through the use of six different oscillating modes of flap motion. Importance of flow separation in the study of fluid mechanics; Description of the wind tunnel used for the study; Details on testing which was conducted; Reference to experimental results; Discussion on these results; Conclusion arrived at based on the results.