57 results on '"United Kingdom"'
Search Results
2. Speculative Futures on ChatGPT and Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Collective Reflection from the Educational Landscape
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Bozkurt, Aras, Xiao, Junhong, Lambert, Sarah, Pazurek, Angelica, Crompton, Helen, Koseoglu, Suzan, Farrow, Robert, Bond, Melissa, Nerantzi, Chrissi, Honeychurch, Sarah, Bali, Maha, Dron, Jon, Mir, Kamran, Stewart, Bonnie, Costello, Eamon, Mason, Jon, Stracke, Christian M., Romero-Hall, Enilda, Koutropoulos, Apostolos, Toquero, Cathy Mae, Singh, Lenandlar, Tlili, Ahm, Lee, Kyungmee, Nichols, Mark, Ossiannilsson, Ebba, Brown, Mark, Irvine, Valerie, Raffaghelli, Juliana Elisa, Santos-Hermosa, Gema, Farrell, Orna, Adam, Taskeen, Thong, Ying Li, Sani-Bozkurt, Sunagul, Sharma, Ramesh C., Hrastinski, Stefan, and Jandric, Petar
- Abstract
While ChatGPT has recently become very popular, AI has a long history and philosophy. This paper intends to explore the promises and pitfalls of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) AI and potentially future technologies by adopting a speculative methodology. Speculative future narratives with a specific focus on educational contexts are provided in an attempt to identify emerging themes and discuss their implications for education in the 21st century. Affordances of (using) AI in Education (AIEd) and possible adverse effects are identified and discussed which emerge from the narratives. It is argued that now is the best of times to define human vs AI contribution to education because AI can accomplish more and more educational activities that used to be the prerogative of human educators. Therefore, it is imperative to rethink the respective roles of technology and human educators in education with a future-oriented mindset.
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- 2023
3. Contract Cheating in Canada: Exploring Legislative Options
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University of Calgary (Canada), Adlington, Alicia, and Eaton, Sarah Elaine
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Purpose: The purpose of this report is to provide background information to develop deeper awareness about contract cheating in Canada and generate conversations about possible legislative approaches to address this growing problem. Methods: A qualitative legal analysis of legislation from the UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, and US (17 states) was conducted. In addition, a synthesis of current research relating to legal aspects of contract cheating is provided. Results: There is inconsistency in how various jurisdictions have approached legislation intended to address contract cheating. Although some legislation was enacted in several US states in the 1970s, there has been increased activity in recent years to pass legislation in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and most recently, the UK. A failed attempt in Ontario, Canada to enact legislation in 1972 is also discussed. Implications: Legislation against contract cheating may have limitations, but is nevertheless a useful way to combat commercial academic cheating enterprises that compromise the integrity of credentials awarded by institutions. Recommendations for institutions, scholars, and policy makers are offered.
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- 2021
4. The Women's Shed Movement: Scoping the Field Internationally
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Golding, Barry, Carragher, Lucia, and Foley, Annette
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Our paper focuses on delineating and scoping international Women's Sheds, a movement that has emerged within the past decade, mainly in Australia, Ireland and the UK. It addresses two main research questions. Firstly, what is the origin, distribution, nature and intent of Women's Sheds internationally to March 2021? Secondly, how might Women's Sheds be located within a typology inclusive of Men's Sheds and a range of community development models? We employed a systematic search via the internet in 2020-21, followed up by attempted email or phone contact to publicly reported Women's Sheds and like organisations internationally. In the process, we created a publicly shareable blog including a database of 122 existing, previously active, developing or planned Women's Sheds and like organisations to 13 March 2021. We identify four nations where self-identified Women's Sheds have operated or commenced within the past decade: Australia (61), the UK (30), Ireland (28) and New Zealand (3), particularly during the five years between 2014 and 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic seriously curtailed this previous momentum and development after March 2020. We identify some similarities but also important differences between Women's and Men's Sheds. We propose a typology that accounts not only for the different ways in which Women's Sheds operate and women participate within their communities but also the different ways in which they locally collaborate (or not) with Men's Sheds in different countries. We conclude that Women's Sheds have largely been created by women in order to claim the shed as a positive female gendered space, in order to create an alternative community of women's hands-on practice. Sheds have operated or commenced within the past decade: Australia (61), the UK (30), Ireland (28) and New Zealand (3), particularly during the five years between 2014 and 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic seriously curtailed this previous momentum and development after March 2020. We identify some similarities but also important differences between Women's and Men's Sheds. We propose a typology that accounts not only for the different ways in which Women's Sheds operate and women participate within their communities but also the different ways in which they locally collaborate (or not) with Men's Sheds in different countries. We conclude that Women's Sheds have largely been created by women in order to claim the shed as a positive female gendered space, in order to create an alternative community of women's hands-on practice.
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- 2021
5. Exploring the Emerging COVID-19 Research Trends and Current Status in the Field of Education: A Bibliometric Analysis and Knowledge Mapping
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Karakose, Turgut and Demirkol, Murat
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Background/purpose: The current study aims to analyze the thematic structures and trends of scientific publications that examine the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and education, while presenting a roadmap for future research on this topic. Materials/methods: The data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) bibliographic database by identifying the publications that examine the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and education, then were analyzed using bibliometric methodology and content analysis. VOSviewer, GraphPad softwares, and visualization maps were used to analyze the data and to present the findings. Results: The results of the study show that publications examining the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and education focused on "online education" and "teacher education," while the countries that contributed the most to publications on this issue were USA, United Kingdom, Canada, and Spain. It was determined that most publications preferred the "theoretical model" and the majority of the research data were obtained through "scale/interview forms." Furthermore, the findings of this study revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic period, the editorial/refereeing processes of the articles submitted to academic journals were carried out very quickly and the articles were published unusually quickly. Conclusion: This study indicated that the majority of scientific studies on COVID-19 are focused on the field of health, and that there is limited edition research on COVID-19-related education. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first research article in the international literature to examine the thematic structures and trends of scientific publications on the relationship between solely education and COVID-19 through bibliometric and content analysis; and contributes to the knowledge base on COVID-19-related education by mapping the existing knowledge.
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- 2021
6. The Continuity of Students' Disengaged Responding in Low-Stakes Assessments: Evidence from Response Times
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Bulut, Hatice Cigdem
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Several studies have been published on disengaged test respondents, and others have analyzed disengaged survey respondents separately. For many large-scale assessments, students answer questionnaire and test items in succession. This study examines the percentage of students who continuously engage in disengaged responding behaviors across sections in a low-stakes assessment. The effects on calculated scores of filtering students, based on their responding behaviors, are also analyzed. Data of this study came from the 2015 administration of PISA. For data analysis, frequencies and percentages of engaged students in the sessions were initially calculated using students' response times. To investigate the impact of filtering disengaged respondents on parameter estimation, three groups were created, namely engaged in both measures, engaged only in the test, and engaged only in the questionnaire. Next, several validity checks were performed on each group to verify the accuracy of the classifications and the impact of filtering student groups based on their responding behavior. The results indicate that students who are disengaged in tests tend to continue this behavior when responding to the questionnaire items in PISA. Moreover, the rate of continuity of disengaged responding is non-negligible as can be seen from the effect sizes. On the other hand, removing disengaged students in both measures led to higher or nearly the same performance ratings compared to the other groups. Researchers analyzing the dataset including achievement tests and survey items are recommended to review disengaged responses and filter out students who are continuously showing disengaged responding before performing further statistical analysis.
- Published
- 2021
7. The Moderating Effect of Gender Equality and Other Factors on PISA and Education Policy
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Campbell, Janine Anne
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Globalisation and policy transfer in education make it incumbent upon decision makers to prioritise among competing policy options, select policy initiatives that are appropriate for their national contexts, and understand how system-specific factors moderate the relationship between those policies and student outcomes. This study used qualitative comparative analysis and correlational analyses to explore these relationships with publicly available data on socio-economic, cultural, and education conditions, and their association with PISA 2015 results in 49 countries. Findings show that gender and income equality, human development, and individualism were outcome-enabling conditions for PISA 2015 results, and gender equality was the most consistent of these conditions. These factors significantly moderated the relationships between education policy and PISA results. Implications for the identification of meaningful peer countries for comparative educational research, policy transfer, and the future expansion of PISA are discussed.
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- 2021
8. College Educated yet Disconnected: Exploring Disconnection from Education and Employment in OECD Countries, with a Comparative Focus on the U.S. PERC Report and ETS Research Report Series No. RR-20-21
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Kevelson, Marisol J. C., Marconi, Gabriele, Millett, Catherine M., and Zhelyazkova, Nevena
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In this study, we investigated factors predictive of disconnection, or not being in education, employment, or training (NEET), among young adults with at least a 2-year college degree. We also explored the extent to which disconnection influences civic participation and well-being among NEETs with and without college degrees. The authors used 2012 and 2015 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data from the Survey of Adult Skills in the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) for 29 countries, including the United States, along with US 2012 data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002), collected by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Results highlight that college-educated individuals whose parents have low levels of educational attainment actually have a higher likelihood of becoming NEET relative to college-educated individuals whose parents are more highly educated. Study findings also emphasize the influence of economic and geographic differences (country-level for OECD and county-level for United States) on NEET rates, in addition to the extent to which mothers have a higher likelihood and fathers have a lower likelihood of being NEET relative to their childless peers and the influence of country-level family leave policies on the odds of being NEET across the OECD. College field of study also emerges as an important influence on disconnection across the 29 OECD countries in the study, but not in the United States separately. Finally, comparing results for college-educated NEETs and NEETs without degrees, we found that higher education appears to reduce the likelihood of community disengagement and reports of poor health among NEETs across the OECD countries. However, this is not the case within the United States where NEETs are less likely to be engaged in their communities and more likely to describe themselves as in poor health regardless of their educational attainment.
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- 2020
9. Efficiency Measurement with Network DEA: An Application to Sustainable Development Goals 4
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Koçak, Deniz, Türe, Hasan, and Atan, Murat
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Education is the core of the factors that improved people for a better lifestyle and increases the level of society' development. Quality education is one of the most vital goals of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) due to actualizing these factors. Using relational network data envelopment analysis (DEA), which have three interrelated substages, this current paper computes the educational economy efficiency of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries bearing in mind the characteristics related to SDGs. The contribution of our study is the use of a novel approach to computing the educational economy efficiency using relational network DEA with GAMS. Even though some interesting differences reveal in the efficiency of the countries, the findings show that countries with high-efficiency scores are clustered around countries like Latvia, Slovenia, and Korea.
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- 2019
10. Mixture Rasch Model with Main and Interaction Effects of Covariates on Latent Class Membership
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Karadavut, Tugba, Cohen, Allan S., and Kim, Seock-Ho
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Covariates have been used in mixture IRT models to help explain why examinees are classed into different latent classes. Previous research has considered manifest variables as covariates in a mixture Rasch analysis for prediction of group membership. Latent covariates, however, are more likely to have higher correlations with the latent class variable. This study investigated effects of including latent variables as covariates in a mixture Rasch model, in presence of and in absence of interactions between the covariates. Results indicated the latent and manifest covariates influenced latent class membership but did not have much influence on class ability means or class proportions. The influence was relatively higher for latent covariates compared to manifest covariates. The effects of the covariates on class membership and on item parameters were class specific. Substantial effects of covariates on item parameters yielded smaller standard errors for item parameter estimates. A significant interaction term also had an effect on the coefficients for predicting and explaining latent class membership.
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- 2019
11. Special Issue: 'Getting of Wisdom', Learning in Later Life
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Krašovec, Sabina Jelenc, Golding, Barry, Findsen, Brian, and Schmidt-Hertha, Bernhard
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This specially themed ""Getting of Wisdom," Learning in Later Life" Edition of the "Australian Journal of Adult Learning" ("AJAL") is not so much concerned with the issue of ageing itself, but more about quality of life regardless of age. It is about taking, but also giving back as best as possible at any age. This special issue is a result of the one week "The Getting of Wisdom Exchange", a collaboration between around 100 adult education practitioners and researchers from ten countries from Australia, New Zealand, Asia and Europe. In this issue, papers are presented from Sweden, Ireland, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Australia, Slovenia, Poland, Germany, Portugal and the United Kingdom. Papers cover different topics and open questions about various issues in older people's learning.
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- 2017
12. Building the Future: Children and the Sustainable Development Goals in Rich Countries. Innocenti Report Card 14
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UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti (Italy) and Brazier, Chris
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This Report Card offers an assessment of child well-being in the context of sustainable development across 41 countries of the European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Specifically, this report seeks to bring the SDG [Sustainable Development Goal] targets for children in high-income countries into meaningful operation (while staying true to the ambitions of the global agenda) and to establish a point of departure for reviewing the SDG framework in these contexts. It focuses on those goals and targets with most direct relevance to the well-being of children in high-income settings. Where appropriate, it adapts the agreed SDG indicator, the better to reflect the problems facing children in such countries. The results therefore highlight the new challenges set by the SDGs.
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- 2017
13. Evaluating Eco-Innovation of OECD Countries with Data Envelopment Analysis
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Mavi, Reza Kiani and Standing, Craig
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Government regulations require businesses to improve their processes and products/services in a green and sustainable manner. For being environmentally friendly, businesses should invest more on eco-innovation practices. Firms eco-innovate to promote eco-efficiency and sustainability. This paper evaluates the eco-innovation performance of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries with data envelopment analysis (DEA). Data were gathered from the world bank database and global innovation index report. Findings show that for most OECD countries, energy use and ecological sustainability are more important than other inputs and outputs for enhancing eco-innovation. [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]
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- 2016
14. The Social Progress Index in International Business Site Selection: Three Case Studies
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Pate, Sandra K.
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International businesses face a difficult task when trying to decide where to place or expand a business that could be located anywhere in the world. Each country is a complex system of human capabilities, technical systems, [infrastructure bases, laws, cultures and economic systems. How can a company know which country is best for it today, and even more importantly, which country will grow into an appropriate location for future business opportunities? Several studies offer insights into how to make site selection decisions (O'Farrell & Wood, 1994; Papadopoulos et al., 2002; Rothaermel et al., 2006) but the complexity of the data required makes initial analysis across many countries problematic. Most businesses, trying to predict an ideal country or sequence of countries to enter, are left to simple rules of thumb or decision models using limited criteria (Górecka & Szalucka, 2013; Alexander et al., 2011). A wide variety of country data of varying reliability and efficacy are frequently used (Rahman, 2003). Many of the largest companies have developed specialized teams with sophisticated models for site selection. However, for smaller companies finding reliable, consistently measured data they can interpret and analyze in ways that provide useful insights is a challenge. This article introduces the Social Progress Index, launched in April 2013 at the 10th annual Skoll World Forum held at the University of Oxford (The Origins, 2015). The Social Progress Index is unique because it is the most comprehensive framework developed for measuring social progress and the first to measure social progress independently of GDP or other economic variables (Porter, 2015; Keohane, 2015). Three cases have been chosen to demonstrate the usefulness of the Social Progress Index for site selection in three very different circumstances.
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- 2016
15. Effective Approaches to Enhancing the Social Dimension of Higher Education
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Tupan-Wenno, Mary, Camilleri, Anthony Fisher, Fröhlich, Melanie, and King, Sadie
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Despite all intentions in the course of the Bologna Process and decades of investment into improving the social dimension, results in many national and international studies show that inequity remains stubbornly persistent, and that inequity based on socio-economic status, parental education, gender, country-of-origin, rural background and more continues to prevail in our Higher Education systems and at the labour market. While improvement has been shown, extrapolation of the gains of the last 40 years in the field show that it could take over 100 years for disadvantaged groups to catch up with their more advantaged peers, should the current rate of improvement be maintained. Many of the traditional approaches to improving equity have also necessitated large-scale public investments, in the form of direct support to underrepresented groups. In an age of austerity, many countries in Europe are finding it necessary to revisit and scale down these policies, so as to accommodate other priorities, such as balanced budgets or dealing with an aging population. An analysis of the current situation indicates that the time is ripe for disruptive innovations to mobilise the cause forward by leaps and bounds, instead of through incrementalist approaches. Despite the list of programmes in this analysis there is very little evidence as to the causal link between programmes, methodologies for their use and increases/improvements in equity in institutions. This creates a significant information gap for institutions and public authorities seeking for indicators to allocate limited resources to equity improving initiatives, without adequate evidence of effectiveness. The IDEAS project and this publication aims at addressing and improving this information gap.
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- 2016
16. Developing, Approving and Maintaining Qualifications: Selected International Approaches. Research Report
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research and Misko, Josie
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There are lessons for Australia in the key approaches to the development, approval, maintenance and quality assurance of qualifications adopted in countries overseas. This research takes into account a range of approaches used in selected European Union (EU) member states (Germany, Finland and Sweden), the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland) and the nations of New Zealand, Singapore and South Korea. The processes used in Ontario, Canada, and selected accreditation agencies in the United States were also investigated. This work serves to inform the vocational education and training (VET) sector in Australia about practices used overseas. It provides a useful reference document for agencies charged with developing and reviewing qualifications and showcases the different approaches used to ensure that qualifications remain current for the industries they serve. This report highlights some key messages for Australia, some of which include: (1) The introduction of qualifications frameworks, implementation of competency-based or learning outcomes approaches to learning and assessment, recognition of prior learning, and effective regulation and quality assurance processes are all being debated overseas, with varying solutions to the perceived issues being applied; (2) The development of hierarchical national qualifications frameworks comprising progressively higher qualification levels is relatively widespread, and increasing; and (3) Collaboration between governments (or their delegated agencies) and industry stakeholders is key to developing and/or approving competency standards, educational standards and content that align with labour market needs. The following are appended: (1) The criteria for SQA accreditation of qualifications; and (2) Standards for the ACCSC in the United States. [This report has been prepared by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) under the National Vocational Education and Training Research (NVETR) Program.]
- Published
- 2015
17. The Framework of Media Education and Media Criticism in the Contemporary World: The Opinion of International Experts (Situación de la educación en medios y la competencia crítica en el mundo actual: opinión de expertos internacionales)
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Fedorov, Alexander and Livitskaya, Anastasia
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The article analyzes the results of the international survey "Synthesis of Media Literacy Education and Media Criticism in the Modern World," conducted by the authors in May-July 2014. 64 media educators, media critics, and researchers in the field of media education and media culture participated in the survey, representing 18 countries: the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Finland, Greece, Cyprus, Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Turkey, and Russia. Analysis of the data shows that the international expert community on the whole shares the view that the synthesis of media education and media criticism is not only possible, but also necessary, especially in terms of effectively developing the audience's critical thinking skills. However, only 9.4% of the experts believe that media critics' texts are used in media literacy education classes in their countries to a large extent. Approximately one-third (34.4% of the polled experts) believe that this is happening at a moderate level, and about the same number (32.8%) believe that this is happening to a small extent. Consequently, media education and media criticism have a lot of work to do to make their synthesis really effective in the modern world.
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- 2015
18. Children of the Recession: The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Child Well-Being in Rich Countries. Innocenti Report Card 12
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UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti (Italy) and Fanjul, Gonzalo
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As the data in this new edition of the Innocenti Report Card series show, in the past five years, rising numbers of children and their families have experienced difficulty in satisfying their most basic material and educational needs. Most importantly, the Great Recession is about to trap a generation of educated and capable youth in a limbo of unmet expectations and lasting vulnerability. League Tables, the flagship tool of the Innocenti Report Card series, rank the change, since the onset of the crisis, in the poverty levels of children and the impact of the recession on youth. The Report also explores the effects of the recession on youth seeking to enter or remain in the labour force in the middle of a recession. [Support for this report was provided by the Government of Italy.]
- Published
- 2014
19. Formalising Informal Learning: Assessment and Accreditation Challenges within Disaggregated Systems
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McGreal, Rory, Conrad, Dianne, Murphy, Angela, Witthaus, Gabi, and Mackintosh, Wayne
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This report shares the findings and lessons learned from an investigation into the economics of disaggregated models for assessing and accrediting informal learners undertaking post secondary education. It presents some key economic and governance challenges for universities to consider in implementing OER assessment and accreditation policies. It also includes discussion of findings from a small-scale survey conducted by two of the authors on perceptions, practices and policies relating to openness in assessment and accreditation in post secondary institutions, with a particular focus on the "OER universitas" (OERu) concept. [This paper was presented at the OpenCourseWare Consortium Global Conference (Ljubljana, Slovenia, April 23-25, 2014).]
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- 2014
20. Screenshots and Copyright
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Nowak, Danuta
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The present article attempts to show how important and easy it is to use authentic material in the classroom. However, the teacher who copies news reports from the Internet may infringe the copyright law. The article offers a comparative analysis of copyright laws in Common Law countries and the EU countries in relation to fair use. The article tries to determine whether teachers may copy, what teachers may copy, what to do with authentic materials as screenshots and how to adapt them to TELC, KET and PET examination tasks. The Author suggests some reading comprehension and grammar development activities designed using Paint and screenshots.
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- 2013
21. The Teachers' Role in Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs: Implications for Teacher Education
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Scholes, Laura, Jones, Christian, Stieler-Hunt, Colleen, Rolfe, Ben, and Pozzebon, Kay
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In response to the diverse number of child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention programs currently implemented in school contexts, this paper examines key considerations for selecting such initiatives and the multiplicity of understandings required to inform facilitation of contextually relevant prevention curriculum. First, the paper examines concerns about the lack of explicit professional development for educators concerning child protection, and the need to develop understandings about prevention program best practices within pre-service and in-service training. Second, drawing on a systematic review of literature, the paper identifies five key considerations to inform teachers' selection and facilitation of CSA prevention curriculum in school contexts. Third, the paper advances calls by Wurtele (2009) and presents CSA prevention "best practices" overview and "model programs" list for professionals such as teachers. (Contains 1 table.)
- Published
- 2012
22. The Gendering of Mathematics among Facebook Users in English Speaking Countries
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Forgasz, Helen, Leder, Gilah, and Tan, Hazel
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Using an innovative recruitment tool, the social network site Facebook, survey data were gathered from samples of the Australian general public and from around the world. Views on the gendering of mathematics, science, and ICT were gathered. In this paper we report the findings from six of the 15 questions on the survey, and only from respondents in predominantly English-speaking countries. The findings reveal that the majority was not gender-stereotyped about mathematics and related careers. However, if a gendered view was held, it was overwhelming to endorse the male stereotype. Male respondents' views were more strongly gendered than were females'. [For the complete proceedings, see ED585874.]
- Published
- 2011
23. Comparing Public Spending and Priorities Across OECD Countries
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Center for American Progress, Dewan, Sabina, and Ettlinger, Michael
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At the heart of progressivism is the belief that government--not big government, or small government, but effective government--has a critical role to play in ensuring the well being of its citizens. Public spending serves an important function in pursuing economic growth objectives while ensuring that gains are widely distributed to promote broad-based increases in living standards. But governments' relative fiscal positions, how much they spend, and the composition of that spending is likely to make a difference in achieving these objectives. Member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development--an international organization consisting primarily of developed, free-market economies--vary significantly in (1) their relative fiscal positions, or deficits and surpluses; (2) their amount of public spending; and (3) how they allocate spending across different categories to reflect priorities. This descriptive study examines how OECD countries have addressed the current economic situation through their fiscal balance sheets, and then goes on to consider similarities and differences in public spending across OECD countries through the prism of economic and social objectives. Countries are compared according to three relative measures of government spending: spending as a share of GDP, spending per capita, and spending by category as a percentage of total government expenditure.
- Published
- 2009
24. Global Higher Education Rankings: Affordability and Accessibility in Comparative Perspective, 2005
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Usher, Alex and Cervenan, Amy
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Over the past few decades, higher education has become available around the world to a degree unimaginable to earlier generations. In many ways, accessible mass higher education is the foundation of the modern knowledge economy, and without it, the bright futures of many youth around the world would be dimmed. Preserving and enhancing the accessibility of higher education is an issue that confronts governments and stakeholders all over the world. This inaugural edition of the Global Higher Education Rankings is the first systematic and rigorous exploration of the affordability and accessibility of higher education within an international comparative context. The report is effectively divided into four parts following an introduction: methodology, affordability rankings, accessibility rankings, and conclusions. The end of the report also includes individual country reports which profile national results, and two appendices relating to data and indicator scores. The affordability section of this report looks at the complete and high quality data on affordability of higher education in fifteen countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The accessibility section of the report looks at the relevant, complete data on accessibility of higher education in thirteen countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. Given the difference in national focus and priorities regarding higher education accessibility, data on accessibility is far less open to international comparison than is data on affordability. While there is some clustering, the data and rankings suggest quite strongly that the links between accessibility and affordability are not straightforward. For instance, with the exceptions of Finland and the Netherlands, no country hasconsistently high scores across both the affordability and accessibility rankings. Data Sources and Indicator Scoring/Weightings Sensitivity are appended. (Contains 7 figures and 29 tables.) [This document was published by the Educational Policy Institute. Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2005
25. Libraries, National Security, Freedom of Information Laws and Social Responsibilities. IFLA/FAIFE World Report Series Volume V
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, Seidelin, Susanne, Hamilton, Stuart, Seidelin, Susanne, Hamilton, Stuart, and International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
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The IFLA/FAIFE World Report Series is unique. It is the only source based on a systematic data collection process that provides an overview of how libraries around the world are tackling barriers to freedom of access to information and freedom of expression. This year's edition includes 84 country reports which detail the extent of Internet access in libraries worldwide and address three specific areas of concern: Anti-terror legislation; freedom of information laws; and the social responsibilities of libraries such as raising awareness of HIV/AIDS and increasing women's access to information. This publication contains the following sections: (1) Acknowledgments (Susanne Seidelin & Stuart Hamilton); (2) Authors; (3) Preface (Kay Raseroka); (4) Introduction (Susanne Seidelin & Stuart Hamilton); (5) Libraries, Liberty and the USA PATRIOT ACT (Marc Lampson); (6) Freedom of Information Legislation, Libraries, and the Global Flow of Information (Barbara Jones); (7) IFLA and Social Responsibility: A Core Value of Librarianship (Al Kagan); (8) Methodology (Stuart Hamilton & Susanne Seidelin); (9) Country Reports (Stuart Hamilton & Susanne Seidelin); and (10) Analysis and conclusions (Stuart Hamilton & Susanne Seidelin). Seven appendices are included: (1) IFLA/FAIFE World Report 2005 Questionnaire; (2) The IFLA/FAIFE World Report Series; (3) National Security Legislation; (4) Follow-up of the work of the Social Responsibilities Discussion Group; (5) Women's Information Needs; (6) The IFLA Internet Manifesto; and (7) The Glasgow Declaration on Libraries, Information Services and Intellectual Freedom. Individual sections contain notes. [Funding for this report was provided by the German Library Umbrella (BID).]
- Published
- 2005
26. Adult Basic Education: Impact of Policy on Practice. An Annotated Bibliography
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Centre for Literacy of Quebec (Canada) and Elliott, Claire
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This bibliography was compiled for The Centre for Literacy's 2004 Summer Institute: "Adult Basic Education: Impact of Policy on Practice: International Perspectives". The references and annotations point to relevant research studies, advocacy papers, and government documents that describe and discuss the role that policy plays in shaping program-level structures and practices in the adult literacy and basic education sector in Canada, and internationally. This list is not exhaustive, but represents a core set of essential readings on the topic and offers a solid starting point for more in-depth research. Research for this bibliography involved thorough searches of: The Centre for Literacy resource collection; the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC); the National Adult Literacy Database (NALD); the National Institute for Literacy (NIFL) "LINCS" database; and numerous national and provincial government and organizational web sites. All sources of information appear in the annotated list of web sites. Search terms included: adult basic education; adult education; adult literacy; educational policy; lifelong learning; literacy policy; policy formation. The annotations are abridged or edited versions of existing author or ERIC abstracts, though where no abstract was available, one was written. The original source of all annotations is identified in square brackets.
- Published
- 2004
27. Moving Forward--Shaping a Career Development Culture: Quality Standards, Quality Practice, Quality Outcomes
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Australian Department of Education, Science and Training and McMahon, Mary
- Abstract
This paper represents the second of two papers written as part of the National Standards and Accreditation of Career Practitioners project. The first, a scoping paper titled Shaping a career development culture: Quality standards, quality practice, quality outcomes (McMahon, 2004), provided information for and guided discussion at the National Forum for Career Practitioners held in Sydney on 25-26 August 2004. The purpose of the scoping paper was to: (1) identify current standards guiding career practitioners in Australia; (2) review international work on standards including examples of best practice and advise on how this work might be relevant to the development of national standards and accreditation in the Australian context; (3) be informed by outcomes of national workshops, forums, and conferences 2000-2004; (4) identify the current membership requirements of professional career associations and bodies both nationally and internationally; (5) assess how prior learning or qualifications might be recognised and developed to fit within and meet the requirements of the quality standards; and (6) identify the issues that need to be addressed in the development of national standards. The National Forum for Career Practitioners began the consultation phase of the project. Participation in the Forum was by invitation, and invitees represented the stakeholder groups identified in the scoping paper. Represented at the Forum were groups as diverse as career practitioners, career practitioner associations, CICA (Career Industry Council of Australia), policy makers, consumers/clients, parents, training providers, business and industry, employers of career practitioners, and service providers. During the Forum, group work and discussion were based on issues identified in the scoping paper. Individual and group responses, opinions, ideas and suggestions were recorded during the Forum on activity sheets that were then collated (McCowan, 2004). It was not intended to bring closure on any items raised during the Forum, but rather to open up issues for the next phase of the consultation process to be managed by Miles Morgan Australia (McCowan). The present paper serves as a record of the Forum discussion, and as a bridge between the scoping paper, the Forum, and the consultation phase of the project. Four sets of issues were presented in the scoping paper and discussed at the Forum, specifically: (1) industry membership and associated terminology; (2) the development and implementation of the quality standards; (3) the administration, management and maintenance of the standards; and (4) the role of stakeholder groups. Each issue will now be discussed. First, a brief background to the issue as described in the scoping paper will be presented. This will be followed by an outline of the Forum process and a summary of the discussion. Finally, issues that may warrant further exploration in the consultancy process will be discussed where possible by drawing on the case studies presented in the scoping paper. Where appropriate, comments made by Forum participants will be included in quotation marks. Appended are: (1) Comparison of ethical codes; (2) Comparison of models of continuing professional development; (3) Comparison of competencies; and (4) Timeline developed by a Forum participant. (Contains 2 tables.) [For the first report, "Scoping Paper--Shaping a Career Development Culture: Quality Standards, Quality Practice, Quality Outcomes," see ED536209.]
- Published
- 2004
28. Scoping Paper--Shaping a Career Development Culture: Quality Standards, Quality Practice, Quality Outcomes
- Author
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Australian Department of Education, Science and Training and McMahon, Mary
- Abstract
This project on national standards and accreditation of career practitioners is set against a background of unprecedented interest by governments nationally and internationally in the provision of career guidance services. Currently more is known about the policy and delivery of career guidance than at any other time in history. There is growing interest in the relationship between career guidance and public policy because the benefits of career guidance to individuals, society and the economy have been recognised. In this regard, strategic alliances are being formed between career guidance practitioners and policy makers in order that policy commitments relating to the provision of quality career services are enhanced. Such an alliance is evidenced in the collaboration between the Department of Education, Science and Training and the Career Industry Council of Australia on this project. This project constitutes a very necessary step in a move towards a quality industry. The purpose of this scoping paper is to: (1) identify current standards guiding career practitioners in Australia; (2) review international work on standards including examples of best practice and advise on how this work might be relevant to the development of national standards and accreditation in the Australian context; (3) be informed by outcomes of national workshops, forums, and conferences 2000-2004; (4) identify the current membership requirements of professional career associations and bodies both nationally and internationally; (5) assess how prior learning or qualifications might be recognised and developed to fit within and meet the requirements of the quality standards; and (6) identify the issues that need to be addressed in the development of national standards. To achieve this purpose, this paper is structured around four main sections--international quality standards, national quality standards, standards guiding Australian professions, and the Australian career industry. Following this a number of themes related to the development and implementation of quality standards will be elaborated. A number of issues relating to the development and implementation of quality standards and accreditation in the Australian career industry will then be raised. Appended are: (1) Glossary of terms; (2) Table of Comparative Competencies; (3) Entry-level Qualifications of Australian Career Practitioner Associations; (4) Standards of Australian Career Practitioner Associations; and (5) Comparison of Quality Standards Across Career Case Studies.
- Published
- 2004
29. Building Sustainable Adult Literacy Provision: A Review of International Trends in Adult Literacy Policy and Programs
- Author
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Leabrook (Australia)., McKenna, Rosa, and Fitzpatrick, Lynne
- Abstract
This document summarizes an extensive study of policies and practices in adult literacy and adult basic education in a number of countries undertaken by Rosa McKenna and Lynne Fitzpatrick. The original study contains considerably greater detail and analyses issues on a country-by-country basis. The countries studied--Canada, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Australia--are all western democracies, some with federal and others with unitary systems of government. All are primarily English speaking, although Canada is bilingual, and most have significant indigenous and immigrant minorities, often disadvantaged and with special literacy needs. This summary report is organized around five headings related to the key features of effective adult literacy policy and program practices identified in the main study. These are: (1) policy contexts and concepts; (2) program development and delivery; (3) regulatory frameworks, product development and quality assurance; (4) issues for the teaching workforce; and (5) implications for Australia. The study found that adult literacy issues are widespread in the countries studied and impact on their capacity to build high-skill, knowledge-based economies and inclusive societies. The International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS), conducted in the 1990s by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Statistics Canada (1995, 2000) in all countries studied, has acted in most cases as a catalyst for a review of literacy policy and practice, although less so in Australia than elsewhere. The survey revealed that all countries studied have significant proportions of their adult populations--between 45% and 55%--with the lowest two levels of literacy proficiency, suggesting that these adults may have trouble with everyday tasks. The survey focused on print-based prose, document and quantitative literacies. (Contains 1 table.) [The information in this report was compiled by Robin Ryan. For "Building Sustainable Adult Literacy Provision: A Review of International Trends in Adult Literacy Policy and Programs. Support Document," see ED493938.]
- Published
- 2004
30. Building Sustainable Adult Literacy Provision: A Review of International Trends in Adult Literacy Policy and Programs. Support Document
- Author
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Leabrook (Australia)., McKenna, Rosa, and Fitzpatrick, Lynne
- Abstract
The aim of this report was to analyze, through a desktop audit, international trends in adult literacy policy and programs. The audit includes an examination of the significant research undertaken, and policy statements made by international institutions such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The study also includes a description and analysis of the adult literacy policy initiatives, frameworks and program provision, including investment levels and outcomes, in a number of countries and an analysis of the extent to which "new literacies" are being addressed in other countries. The countries selected by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) for this study are: Canada, Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, United States of America, and the United Kingdom. The report is primarily descriptive and builds a picture of available knowledge for application to the Australian situation. It is written for an Australian audience. The report covers the following topics sequentially: (1) an introduction to the study; (2) an overview of the international trends and drivers for development of adult literacy policy and programs in industrialized countries; and (3) a snapshot of development of adult literacy policy and provision in each country, including Australia. Appendix 1 provides comparative performance among countries percent of population. Appendix 2 provides these items relevant to methodology: (1) Letter to identified literacy researchers/policy-makers; (2) Themes for data collection; (3) List of recipients; and (4) Responses. [For "Building Sustainable Adult Literacy Provision: A Review of International Trends in Adult Literacy Policy and Programs," see ED493937.]
- Published
- 2004
31. A League Table of Child Maltreatment Deaths in Rich Nations. Innocenti Report Card. Issue No. 5
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United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (Italy), Innocenti Research Centre, Adamson, Peter, Micklewright, John, Schnepf, Sylke, and Wright, Anna
- Abstract
This report represents the first ever attempt to draw a comparative picture of the physical abuse of children in the 27 richest nations of the world. UNICEF research estimates that almost 3,500 children under the age of 15 die from physical abuse and neglect every year in the industrialized world. The greatest risk is among younger children. A small group of countries -- Spain, Greece, Italy, Ireland and Norway -- appear to have an exceptionally low incidence of child maltreatment deaths; Belgium, the Czech Republic, New Zealand, Hungary and France have levels that are four to six times higher. The United States, Mexico and Portugal have rates that are between 10 and 15 times higher than those at the top of the league table. The good news is that child deaths from maltreatment appear to be declining in the great majority of industrialized countries.
- Published
- 2003
32. Adults in Training: An International Comparison of Continuing Education and Training.
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France). Centre for Educational Research and Innovation. and O'Connell, Philip J.
- Abstract
Data from the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) were analyzed to compare the incidence and volume of continuing education (CE) and training among adults in the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The following were among the key findings of the analysis: (1) in all 10 countries, employed adults are more likely than unemployed adults to participate in CE or training; (2) participation in job-related training is substantially higher than participation in education and training undertaken for personal or other reasons; (3) participation rates do not differ substantially by gender; (4) participation rates are higher among adults who already possess higher-level educational qualifications; (5) younger adults are more likely than their older counterparts to participate in CE or training; (6) individuals working in large firms and organizations are more likely to participate in CE; and (7) in all countries studied, employers were by far the most common financial sponsors of all training and job-related training in particular. (Appended are a table detailing enrollments in education and training courses by selected populations and a table detailing responses to the IALS by target populations in the 10 study countries.) (MN)
- Published
- 1999
33. Language Teacher Supply: A Content Analysis of Newspaper Coverage across the 'Anglobubble'
- Author
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Mason, Shannon and Matas, Cristina Poyatos
- Abstract
In the monolingual English-speaking world referred to as the "Anglobubble," governments are finally recognising the advantages of a citizenry able to engage in and between multiple languages and cultures. As a result, increased efforts are being made to introduce and expand educational programs to teach languages. Thus, now more than ever, an appropriate language teacher supply is needed to support the internationalisation process of citizens. However, a language teacher supply crisis is emerging. The content analysis study reported here, explored how the issue of language teacher supply was portrayed in print-based newspaper media from six English-speaking countries between 2010 and 2015. The findings indicate that there is an ongoing crisis with the supply of language teachers in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. Further, in areas where language education is being propelled by top-down political agendas, sustainable progress is limited. Attention is focused on a small number of "popular" languages, with indigenous languages all but forgotten. In contrast, in areas where grass-roots community movements are present, actions are being undertaken to find genuine and sustainable solutions. This is also bringing a more positive media discourse, and, as such, increased social awareness of and value for language education.
- Published
- 2016
34. Perspectives on Open Access Opportunities for IS Research Publication: Potential Benefits for Researchers, Educators, and Students
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Woszczynski, Amy B. and Whitman, Michael E.
- Abstract
Access to current research materials, pedagogical best practices, and relevant knowledge has become problematic as journal subscription costs have increased. Increasing delays in the traditional publication timeline, coupled with high subscription costs, have resulted in a diminished ability for IS faculty and their students to access the most relevant research in a timely manner, an issue felt most acutely in developing nations. As IS educators seeks to increase the dissemination of their work and ensure that students have the most updated knowledge, one option is publishing in open-access (OA) journals. However, a lack of knowledge, inconsistent quality perceptions, the presence of predatory journals, and publication fees have negatively affected IS researchers' support for OA publishing. This study surveyed 68 IS scholars and found that IS scholars do not publish in OA journals due to concerns about fees, quality, prestige, and impact factors. This study found more similarities than differences between junior- and senior-level IS scholars, with junior faculty members placing more emphasis on the speed of publication than their senior colleagues do. By understanding the underlying reasons that IS faculty are favoring OA options, the study hopes to shed light on the reliance on traditional journal publication models that restrict the distribution of intellectual property. If the OA approach were embraced by more journals, IS faculty members and their students benefit through expeditious access to relevant content to support faculty professional development, instruction, and research.
- Published
- 2016
35. Educational Differentiation Policies and the Performance of Disadvantaged Students across OECD Countries
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Castejón, Alba and Zancajo, Adrián
- Abstract
This article focuses on analysing the effect of educational differentiation policies of OECD educational systems on socioeconomically disadvantaged students, based on data from PISA 2009. The analysis is conducted on the basis of a definition of two subgroups of disadvantaged students: those that achieve high scores, and those obtaining scores that are significantly below the average for their country. Educational systems are classified in four models following the classification proposed by N. Mons. Results show that the more integrated the educational system, the greater the number of disadvantaged high achievers, and the lower the number of disadvantaged low achievers.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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36. Where in the World Are the Men in Early Care and Education? Updates and Program Highlights from around the Globe
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Piburn, Donald Edward
- Abstract
A gender-diverse workforce is becoming the global goal for high-quality early childhood programming. Having a balance of female and male early care and education (ECE) professionals supports greater flexibility in the gender role expectations of young children and helps girls and boys avoid stereotypic assumptions about gender. This article lists organizations around the world that share a common belief that experiencing gender equality in early childhood education is good for young children, their families, and society. They advocate recruiting men and encouraging them to remain in early care and education.
- Published
- 2010
37. Similar Pressures, Different Contexts: Public Attitudes toward Government Intervention for Health Care in 21 Nations
- Author
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Kikuzawa, Saeko, Olafsdottir, Sigrun, and Pescosolido, Bernice A.
- Abstract
Health care systems worldwide are experiencing similar pressures such as rising cost, aging populations, and increased burden of disease. While policy makers in all countries face these challenges, their responses must consider local pressures, particularly the implicit social contract between the state, medicine, and insurers. We argue that public attitudes provide a window into the social context in which policy decisions are embedded. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), we compare public attitudes toward government involvement in health care in 21 countries, testing the associations between various national-level variables (e.g., health care expenditures, aging of population, health care traditions) and public opinions. Specifically, we posit four national-level hypotheses ("health care traditions," "expenditure crisis," "demographic crisis," "changing disease profile crisis"), one individual-level hypothesis ("individual vulnerability"), and two cross-level hypotheses ("cultural socialization" and "health care need"). Our findings indicate that public attitudes cluster around the historical organization of health care, but also relate to current economic and demographic realities. Individuals in countries adopting the "National Health Service Model" (the state directly provides health care but complete state control is absent) or the "Centralized Model" (the state directly provides health care and has much control) are more supportive of government involvement in health care than those in the "Insurance Model" (the state is limited to maintenance of the system) countries. However, citizens in countries currently spending more on health care and having a greater burden of chronic illness are less supportive. Our results cast doubt on arguments that increased cost will result in a questioning of the contract between the state and citizens in the social provision of health care. We end by discussing implications for recent work in political sociology that highlights the importance of public attitudes. (Contains 6 tables, 2 figures and 11 notes.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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38. The 'Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior' at Fifty
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Laties, Victor G.
- Abstract
The "Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior" was founded in 1958 by a group of male psychologists, mainly from the northeastern USA and connected with either Harvard or Columbia. Fifty years later about 20% of both editors and authors reside outside this country and almost the same proportion is women. Other changes in the journal include having its own website for more than a decade and now publishing online as well as on paper. A recent connection with PubMed Central of the National Library of Medicine has made possible the completely free electronic presentation of the entire archive of about 3,800 articles. (Contains 5 tables and 3 figures.)
- Published
- 2008
39. Are National-Level Research Evaluation Models Valid, Credible, Useful, Cost-Effective, and Ethical?
- Author
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Coryn, Chris L. S. and Scriven, Michael
- Abstract
The evaluation of government-financed research has become increasingly important in the last few decades in terms of increasing the quality of, and payoff from, the research that is done, reducing the cost of doing it, and lending public credibility to the manner in which research is funded. But there are very large differences throughout the world in the extent to which systems used promote these results. This paper briefly presents the dimensional results of a study designed to comparatively evaluate the national-level research evaluation models in sixteen countries on five merit-defining dimensions. (Contains 6 figures.)
- Published
- 2007
40. Participation and Exclusion: A Comparative Analysis of Non-Traditional Students and Lifelong Learners in Higher Education.
- Author
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Schuetze, Hans G. and Slowey, Maria
- Abstract
Examined the institutional and policy issues inhibiting or supporting participation by non-traditional and lifelong learners in higher education in Austria, Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Identified six factors: institutional differentiation of the higher education system, institutional governance and control, flexible (open) access, mode of study, financial assistance and other support, and continuing education opportunities. (EV)
- Published
- 2002
41. Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year Ending June 30, 1904. Volume 1
- Author
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Department of the Interior, United States Bureau of Education (ED)
- Abstract
Volume 1 begins with the Commissioner of Education's introduction and includes state school-system statistics. Chapter I covers education in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Chapter II presents children's growth statistics collected in Worcester, Mass., Toronto, Ontario, and Milwaukee. Chapter III addresses German university pension and insurance beneficiary regulations. Chapter IV presents a digest of school laws on governance, teachers, and schools for each state except Florida, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Chapter V discusses the University of Paris during the Middle Ages. Chapter VI presents the proceedings of an Armstrong Association meeting on the work and influence of Hampton Institute, including a letter from former U.S. president Grover Cleveland and addresses by Andrew Carnegie, Harvard president Charles W. Eliot, Hampton principal H.B. Frissell, and Booker T. Washington. Chapter VII addresses public school temperance instruction and the liquor question, with reports from Connecticut, New York State, and Massachusetts, as well as information on Prussian temperance instruction. Chapter VIII presents early English writers' notices on education from 1578 to 1603. Subsequent chapters address German juvenile criminality; Southeastern Alaska's Hlingit language grammar and vocabulary; the Swedish education system; British and Irish education in 1903; and English higher education, i.e., secondary, technical, and evening schools, and the 1902 law requiring councils to support schools higher than elementary schools. Chapters XIV and XV cover education at the St. Louis Exposition, including state and territorial and educational institution exhibits. Chapter XVI discusses the final establishment of the American common school system in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia between 1863 and 1900. Chapter XVII reprints the Alaskan-education general agent's 1890 preliminary report and 1892 report on introducing domestic reindeer into Alaska. Chapter XVIII offers "A Definition of Civilization," the Indian Industrial School commencement address by W.T. Harris, and papers by Harris on "Art Education the True Industrial Education" and "The Intellectual Value of Tool Work." Chapter XIX is a list of U.S. education periodicals. Chapter XX is a directory of chief state school officers, city superintendents, college presidents, pedagogy professors and university and college pedagogy department heads, and normal-school principals. [For Volume 2, see ED620501.]
- Published
- 1906
42. Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1897-98. Volume 1. Containing Part I
- Author
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Department of the Interior, United States Bureau of Education (ED)
- Abstract
This is Volume 1 of the Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1897-98, containing Part I. The volume begins with the Commissioner's Introduction and Statistics of State Common School Systems. Part I covers the topics: (1) History of the German School System; (2) Summer Schools in England, Scotland, France, and Switzerland; (3) Education in Great Britain and Ireland; (4) Education in Canada; (5) Systems of Public Education in Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania; (6) Education in Central Europe; (7) Means for Spreading Hygienic Knowledge Among the People; (8) Report on European Textile Schools; (9) The International Congress on Technical Education; (10) Education in India; (11) Organization and Reconstruction of State Systems of Common School Education in the North Atlantic States from 1830 to 1865; (12) Physical Training; (13) Notes on the History of Foreign Influence upon Education in the United States; (14) Status of Woman from the Educational and Industrial Standpoint; (15) The Public School and the Public Library; (16) Education in France; (17) Notes on the History of American Text-books on Arithmetic; (18) The Teaching of Astronomy in the Primary and Secondary Schools and in the University; (19) Digest of Laws Relating to Text-books, Their Selection and Supply; (20) Education in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines; (21) Experimental Study of Children, including Anthropometrical and Psychophysical Measurements of Washington School Children; (22) Education in the Argentine Republic, Uruguay, and Brazil; (23) Dental Education in the United States; and (24) Educational Directory. [For "Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1897-98. Volume 2. Containing Parts II and III," see ED622138.]
- Published
- 1899
43. Biennial Survey of Education, 1916-18. Volume II. Bulletin, 1919, No. 89
- Author
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Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education (ED) and Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education (ED)
- Abstract
Volume II of the Biennial Survey of Education, 1916-1918 includes the following chapters: (1) Education in Great Britain and Ireland (I. L. Kandel); (2) Education in parts of the British Empire: Educational Developments in the Dominion of Canada (Walter A. Montgomery), Public School System of Jamaica (Charles A. Asbury), Recent Progress of Education in Australia and New Zealand (Theresa Bach), Recent Progress of Education in the Union of South Africa (Theresa Bach), The Progress of Education in India (Walter A. Montgomery), Education of Jews in Palestine (Theresa Bach); (3) Education in France in 1916-18 (I. L. Kandel); (4) Education in Italy (Walter A. Montgomery); (5) Education in Germany (I. L. Kandel); (6) The schools of Austria-Hungary (Peter H. Pearson); (7) Switzerland (Peter H. Pearson); (8) Educational changes in Russia (Theresa Bach); (9) Educational conditions in Spain (Walter A. Montgomery); (10) Schools in Scandinavia, Finland, and Holland (Peter H. Pearson); (11) Some phases of educational progress in Latin America (Walter A. Montgomery); and (12) Educational conditions in Japan (Walter A. Montgomery). An index is included. Individual chapters contain footnotes, references, and tables. [For Volume I, see ED541459. Best copy available has been provided.]
- Published
- 1921
44. Education Resources, Results Vary Widely among 20 Nations.
- Author
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Brett, Patricia
- Abstract
A recent compilation of educational indicators from 20 industrialized countries in North America, the Pacific, Europe, and Scandinavia shows rates and trends in college enrollment and graduation, education-related earning power for men and women, and public spending on education. Educational attainment rates are charted for the 20 nations. (MSE)
- Published
- 1992
45. ADVANCEMENT OF THE PRACTICE: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES. Examining Food Safety Inspections: Do They Meet the Grade to Protect Public Health?
- Author
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Barnes, Jason, Smith, James, Whiley, Harriet, and Ross, Kirstin
- Subjects
- *
FOOD contamination prevention , *FOOD service laws , *FOOD poisoning prevention , *FOOD quality , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *FOOD safety , *SANITARIANS , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *FOOD industry , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *SURVEYS , *BUSINESS , *PUBLIC health , *HEALTH promotion , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Globally, foodborne illness is a significant public health challenge. Food safety inspection plays a crucial role in the regulation of food businesses to prevent foodborne illnesses. To be an effective health protection measure, however, food safety inspections must facilitate the thorough evaluation of food safety risks. Our research examined how food safety inspectors from Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK, and the U.S. assessed food contamination control during food premise inspections. Data were collected via an online survey of environmental health practitioners who routinely conduct food safety inspections. The findings indicated that inspectors are generally aware of food safety hazards that can be present at food businesses and have deployed a variety of relevant data-gathering methods to inform their examination of the extent of contamination control. The findings also indicated a prevailing methodological incongruence stemming from the absence of a robust inspection methodology. We propose that these shortcomings be addressed by solutions that are formulated based on established hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) principles and qualitative field research. The development of a clear and appropriate methodology will support food safety inspections to provide a robust and reliable means for evaluating food safety risk and ultimately reduce the incidence and burden of foodborne illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
46. Seasonal Variation for Plantar Fasciitis: Evidence from Google Trends Search Query Data.
- Author
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Hwang, Seok-Min, Kim, Seok, and Hwang, Suk-Hyun
- Subjects
INTERNET searching ,SEASONS ,PLANTAR fasciitis ,HEEL pain ,DATA analysis software ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
We aimed to determine the seasonal trends in internet searches for plantar fasciitis and related symptoms in various countries using search engine query data on Google. We used Google Trends to obtain internet search query data from January 2009 to December 2019. We collected monthly search volumes for the query terms "plantar fasciitis" and "heel pain" in the USA, Canada, the U.K., Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Statistical analysis of the seasonal effects on plantar fasciitis was performed using a cosinor model. The cosinor analyses confirmed statistically significant seasonal patterns in the relative search volumes for the terms "plantar fasciitis" and "heel pain" in the USA, Canada, the U.K., Ireland, and Australia, with peaks during the summer and troughs during the winter. For New Zealand, the seasonal trend was statistically significant only for the term "plantar fasciitis", while a similar trend for the term "heel pain" was present without achieving statistical significance for seasonality. This seasonality is thought to be related to more frequent occurrence of plantar fasciitis due to increased physical activity of people during the warmer months. In this study, the search query data using the terms "plantar fasciitis" and "heel pain" on Google Trends show significant seasonal variation across several countries, with a peak in the summer and a trough in the winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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47. Woman and girl-centred care for those affected by female genital mutilation: a scoping review of provider tools and guidelines.
- Author
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Dawson, Angela, Assifi, Anisa, and Turkmani, Sabera
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL quality control , *FEMALE genital mutilation , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *PATIENT-centered care , *WOMEN , *COMMUNITY health services , *MEDICAL care , *RISK assessment , *MEDICAL protocols , *PATIENT safety ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
Background: A woman and girl centred, rights-based approach to health care is critical to achieving sexual and reproductive health. However, women with female genital mutilation in high-income countries have been found to receive sub-optimal care. This study examined documents guiding clinicians in health and community service settings in English-speaking high-income countries to identify approaches to ensure quality women and girl-centred care for those with or at risk of female genital mutilation. Method: We undertook a scoping review using the integrative model of patient-centredness to identify principles, enablers, and activities to facilitate woman and girl-centred care interactions. We developed an inclusion criterion to identify documents such as guidance statements and tools and technical guidelines, procedural documents and clinical practice guidelines. We searched the databases and websites of health professional associations, ministries of health, hospitals, national, state and local government and non-government organisations working in female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, The United States, New Zealand, and Australia. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation tool was used to appraise screened documents. Findings: One-hundred and twenty-four documents were included in this scoping review; 88 were developed in the United Kingdom, 20 in Australia, nine in the United States, three in Canada, two in New Zealand and two in Ireland. The focus of documents from the United Kingdom on multi-professional safeguarding (62), while those retrieved from Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the US focused on clinical practice. Twelve percent of the included documents contained references to all principles of patient-centred care, and only one document spoke to all principles, enablers and activities. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the need to improve the female genital mutilation-related guidance provided to professionals to care for and protect women and girls. Professionals need to involve women and girls with or at risk of female genital mutilation in the co-design of guidelines and tools and evaluation of them and the co-production of health care. Plain Language Summary: High-quality health care for women and girls should be provided by health workers who are respectful and caring. Health workers should also work with others as a team and help women and girls make their own decisions about their health care. This approach is called patient-centred care. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a cultural practice associated with poor health outcomes. Women who have experienced FGM have not always received quality health care. We studied the guidance and tools to help health workers provide care to women and girls with or at risk of FGM. This study aimed to understand how health workers are supported to provide woman and girl-centred health care in these documents. We searched for these documents on the websites of health professional associations, government health departments and organisations working in FGM in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, The United States, New Zealand, and Australia. The documents were analysed using a tool that described all the important areas needed to provide patient-centred health care. Of the 124 documents, we found that only 12% contained information about all aspects of patient-centred care. Only one document had details about all the areas that are part of patient-centred care. This study shows that we need to improve the FGM-related guidance provided to health workers to care for and protect women and girls. There is a need for health workers to involve women and girls with or at risk of FGM in designing guidelines and tools and evaluating them to these documents best fit their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Language teacher supply : A content analysis of newspaper coverage across the 'Anglobubble'.
- Author
-
Mason, Shannon and Poyatos Matas, Cristina
- Published
- 2016
49. Change and Continuity: A Quantitative Investigation of Trends and Characteristics of International Social Workers in England.
- Author
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Hussein, Shereen, Stevens, Martin, Manthorpe, Jill, and Moriarty, Jo
- Subjects
CLINICAL competence ,AGE distribution ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CHI-squared test ,FOREIGN medical personnel ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL workers ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
The UK has long experienced a shortage of social workers and has recruited internationally to meet demand. There have been few specific data quantifying the scale of social work mobility to the UK through which such experiences can be set in context. The analysis reported in this article uses data from October 2008, relating to registered social workers working in England. As part of a wider study of migrant social care workers in England, the article reports analysis of data records of over 7,000 non-UK social workers registered to work in England and compares their characteristics to UK-qualified social workers. These analyses are supplemented by analysis of more recent application and registration data from the General Social Care Council pertaining to social workers qualified within and outside the European Union during 2008 and 2009. The findings highlight several important observations in terms of non-UK-qualified social workers' profile as well as some possible trends in migration and variations in rates of qualification verification. Over half of all international social workers in England were trained in four countries: Australia, South Africa, India and the USA. Findings are contextualised with qualitative data obtained from the wider study and policy debates. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Electoral Context and MP Constituency Focus in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
- Author
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Heitshusen, Valerie, Young, Garry, and Wood, David M.
- Subjects
LEGISLATORS ,DEMOCRACY ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
The job description for legislators in western democracies includes constituency-focused activities such as casework and district visits. Unfortunately we have a limited theoretical and empirical understanding of the factors affecting legislators' constituency-oriented activities, in large part because most studies focus on single nations; even studies that are comparative do not span a variety of electoral systems. In this article we examine the constituency focus of MPs in six chambers that do provide such variance: the Australian House and Senate, Canadian House, Irish Dáil, New Zealand House, and the British House of Commons. We find that electoral considerations and incentives provided by different electoral systems, as well as other factors, affect the priority that MPs place on constituency service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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