Contract Cheating in Canada: Exploring Legislative Options

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to provide background information to develop deeper awareness about contract cheating in Canada and generate conversations about possible legislative approaches to address this growing problem. Methods: A qualitative legal analysis of legislation from the UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, and US (17 states) was conducted. In addition, a synthesis of current research relating to legal aspects of contract cheating is provided. Results: There is inconsistency in how various jurisdictions have approached legislation intended to address contract cheating. Although some legislation was enacted in several US states in the 1970s, there has been increased activity in recent years to pass legislation in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and most recently, the UK. A failed attempt in Ontario, Canada to enact legislation in 1972 is also discussed. Implications: Legislation against contract cheating may have limitations, but is nevertheless a useful way to combat commercial academic cheating enterprises that compromise the integrity of credentials awarded by institutions. Recommendations for institutions, scholars, and policy makers are offered.