23 results
Search Results
2. Family, social and cultural determinants of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) use in Madagascar: secondary analysis of three qualitative studies focused on children aged 5–15 years
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Andry Andrianasolo, Ammy Fiadanana Njatosoa, Chiarella Mattern, Bakoly Rahaivondrafahitra, Christophe Rogier, Mauricette Andriamananjara, Aina Harimanana, Thomas Kesteman, Dolorès Pourette, Elliot Rakotomanana, Jocelyn Razafindrakoto, Emma Raboanary, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Unité de Recherche sur le Paludisme [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Hanoi] (OUCRU), Population Services International Madagascar [Antananarivo], Population Services International [Washington], Ministère de la Santé Publique [Antananarivo, Madagascar], U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative [Antananarivo] (PMI), U.S. President's Malaria Initiative [Atlanta, GA,], Institut international des sciences sociales [Antananarivo] (IISS), Primum Vitare, The publication process of this paper has been funded by USAID through the Research, Innovation, Surveillance and Evaluation (RISE) programme., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mosquito Control ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Adolescent ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,LLIN use ,030231 tropical medicine ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,Ethnic group ,Qualitative property ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Madagascar ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Children over five ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Child ,Disease burden ,Research ,Public health ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Malaria ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Child, Preschool ,Mosquito net ,Female ,Parasitology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Thematic analysis ,Sociocultural factors ,Qualitative research - Abstract
BackgroundAlthough it is accepted that long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) use is an effective means to prevent malaria, children aged 5 to 15 years do not appear to be sufficiently protected in Madagascar; the malaria prevalence is highest in this age group. The purpose of this research is to summarize recent qualitative studies describing LLIN use among the Malagasy people with a focus on children aged 5–15 years.MethodsQualitative data from three studies on malaria conducted between 2012 and 2016 in 10 districts of Madagascar were analysed. These studies cover all malaria epidemiological profiles and 10 of the 18 existing ethnic groups in Madagascar. A thematic analysis was conducted on the collected data from semi-structured interviews, direct observation data, and informal interviews.ResultsA total of 192 semi-structured interviews were conducted. LLINs are generally perceived positively because they protect the health and well-being of users. However, regional representations of mosquito nets may contribute to LLIN lower use by children over 5 years of age including the association between married status and LLIN use, which leads to the refusal of unmarried young men to sleep under LLINs; the custom of covering the dead with a mosquito net, which leads to fear of LLIN use; and taboos governing sleeping spaces for siblings of opposite sexes, which leads to LLIN shortages in households. Children under 5 years of age are known to be the most vulnerable age group for acquiring malaria and, therefore, are prioritized for LLIN use when there are limited supplies in households. In contrast, children over 5 years of age, who are perceived to be at less risk for malaria, often sleep without LLINs.ConclusionsPerceptions, social practices and regional beliefs regarding LLINs and vulnerability to malaria contribute to the nonuse of LLINs among children over 5 years of age in Madagascar. Modifying LLIN policies to account for these factors may increase LLIN use in this age group and reduce disease burden.
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- 2021
3. Tracking Animal Reservoirs of Pathogenic Leptospira: The Right Test for the Right Claim
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Koussay Dellagi, Patrick Mavingui, Pablo Tortosa, Yann Gomard, Steve Michael Goodman, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction Internationale de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], The sampling of Mormopterus acetabulosus on Mauritius was supported by a grant from European Research Development Fund (ERDF) 'Pathogènes associés à la Faune Sauvage Océan Indien' #31189. Original serological data presented in this paper were obtained under a grant from ERDF known as InterregV ECOSPIR 'Eco-épidemiologie des leptospires endémiques de l’Océan Indien: des bactéries à risque pour les populations humaines?' (number RE6875)., Tortosa, Pablo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
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Leptospira ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,Context (language use) ,Biology ,Article ,Microbiology ,Serology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Direct agglutination test ,medicine ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,One Health ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,animal reservoir ,MAT ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,030306 microbiology ,Zoonosis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,[SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,Gold standard (test) ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Leptospirosis ,3. Good health ,Chronic infection ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Medicine ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,[SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology - Abstract
Leptospirosis, caused by a pathogenic Leptospira bacteria, is the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide and in this context has been extensively investigated through a One Health framework. Diagnosis of human leptospirosis includes molecular and serological tools, with serological Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) still being considered as a gold standard. Mammals considered as biological reservoirs include species or populations that are able to maintain chronic infection and shed the bacteria via their urine in the environment. Leptospira bacteria are often investigated using the same diagnosis tool, serological MAT. However, MAT testing of putative animal reservoirs can lead to mis-interpretations as it can signal previous infection and not necessarily bring in robust information regarding the capacity of such sero-positive animals to maintain chronic infection. We use previously published data and present new results on introduced and endemic small mammals to show that MAT should not be used for the identification of reservoirs. By contrast, serological data are informative on the level of exposure of animals occupying a specific environment. Finally, we present a sequential methodology to investigate human leptospirosis in a One Health framework that associates molecular detection in humans and animals, together with MAT of human samples using Leptospira isolates obtained from reservoir animals occurring in the same environment.
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- 2021
4. Presence of Recombinant Bat Coronavirus GCCDC1 in Cambodian Bats
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Feng Zhu, Veasna Duong, Xiao Fang Lim, Vibol Hul, Tanu Chawla, Lucy Keatts, Tracey Goldstein, Alexandre Hassanin, Vuong Tan Tu, Philippe Buchy, October M. Sessions, Lin-Fa Wang, Philippe Dussart, Danielle E. Anderson, Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), University of Melbourne, and DEA and L-FW were supported by Grants NRF2012NRFCRP001-056 and NRF2016NRF-NSFC002-013 from the Singapore National Research Foundation. This study was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT project (cooperative agreement number GHN-A-OO-09-00010-00 and AID-OAA-A-14-00102). The contents of this paper are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development or the US Government. The fieldwork was supported in part by the National Authority for Preah Vihear, UNESCO, 'Société des amis du Muséum et du Jardin des Plantes', and the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle.
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Recombination, Genetic ,China ,Coronaviridae ,Coronaviridae Infections ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,viruses ,bats ,coronavirus ,virus diseases ,cross-species transmission ,Genome, Viral ,zoonosis ,recombination ,respiratory tract diseases ,Evolution, Molecular ,Phylogeography ,co-infection ,Infectious Diseases ,Chiroptera ,Virology ,Animals ,GCCDC1 ,Cambodia ,Phylogeny ,Disease Reservoirs - Abstract
International audience; Bats have been recognized as an exceptional viral reservoir, especially for coronaviruses. At least three bat zoonotic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) have been shown to cause severe diseases in humans and it is expected more will emerge. One of the major features of CoVs is that they are all highly prone to recombination. An extreme example is the insertion of the P10 gene from reoviruses in the bat CoV GCCDC1, first discovered in Rousettus leschenaultii bats in China. Here, we report the detection of GCCDC1 in four different bat species (Eonycteris spelaea, Cynopterus sphinx, Rhinolophus shameli and Rousettus sp.) in Cambodia. This finding demonstrates a much broader geographic and bat species range for this virus and indicates common cross-species transmission. Interestingly, one of the bat samples showed a co-infection with an Alpha CoV most closely related to RsYN14, a virus recently discovered in the same genus (Rhinolophus) of bat in Yunnan, China, 2020. Taken together, our latest findings highlight the need to conduct active surveillance in bats to assess the risk of emerging CoVs, especially in Southeast Asia.
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- 2022
5. Variation in Anopheles distribution and predictors of malaria infection risk across regions of Madagascar
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Marcia C. Castro, Gauthier N. Emile, Romain Girod, Christopher D. Golden, Benjamin L. Rice, Hervet J. Randriamady, Nicholas J. Arisco, Luciano Michaël Tantely, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University [Cambridge], Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Madagascar Health and Environmental Research [Maroantsetra, Madagascar] (MAHERY), and We are grateful for the support from the United States Agency for International Development (Grant AID-FFP-A-14-00,008) implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in consortium with four local implementing partners in Madagascar. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily the views and opinions of the United States Agency for International Development. GeoStore funds provided by Airbus Defense & Space (Grant AH08211501).
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Male ,Environmental change ,Range (biology) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Distribution (economics) ,MESH: Madagascar ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: Aged, 80 and over ,Risk Factors ,Planetary health ,MESH: Demography ,MESH: Risk Factors ,MESH: Child ,Disease ecology ,MESH: Animals ,MESH: Ecosystem ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Land use change ,Aged, 80 and over ,MESH: Aged ,2. Zero hunger ,MESH: Middle Aged ,biology ,Multilevel model ,Anopheles ,Middle Aged ,MESH: Infant ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,MESH: Young Adult ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,MESH: Mosquito Vectors ,Adult ,MESH: Socioeconomic Factors ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Adolescent ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,MESH: Malaria ,Mosquito Vectors ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,MESH: Anopheles ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies ,Deforestation ,Environmental health ,Vector-borne disease ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Socioeconomic status ,Ecosystem ,Aged ,Demography ,MESH: Adolescent ,MESH: Humans ,business.industry ,Research ,MESH: Child, Preschool ,MESH: Animal Distribution ,Infant ,MESH: Adult ,15. Life on land ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,MESH: Male ,Malaria ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Parasitology ,business ,Animal Distribution ,MESH: Female - Abstract
Background Deforestation and land use change is widespread in Madagascar, altering local ecosystems and creating opportunities for disease vectors, such as the Anopheles mosquito, to proliferate and more easily reach vulnerable, rural populations. Knowledge of risk factors associated with malaria infections is growing globally, but these associations remain understudied across Madagascar’s diverse ecosystems experiencing rapid environmental change. This study aims to uncover socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection across regions through analysis of a large, cross-sectional dataset. Methods The objectives were to assess (1) the ecological correlates of malaria vector breeding through larval surveys, and (2) the socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection in four ecologically distinct regions of rural Madagascar. Risk factors were determined using multilevel models for the four regions included in the study. Results The presence of aquatic agriculture (both within and surrounding communities) is the strongest predictive factor of habitats containing Anopheles larvae across all regions. Ecological and socioeconomic risk factors for malaria infection vary dramatically across study regions and range in their complexity. Conclusions Risk factors for malaria transmission differ dramatically across regions of Madagascar. These results may help stratifying current malaria control efforts in Madagascar beyond the scope of existing interventions.
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- 2020
6. Potential of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit yellow fever virus in urban areas in Central Africa
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Basile Kamgang, Aurelie P. Yougang, Theodel A. Wilson-Bahun, Armel N. Tedjou, Charles S. Wondji, Laurence Mousson, Anna-Bella Failloux, Marie Vazeille, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases [Yaoundé] (CRID), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université de Yaoundé I, University Marien Ngouabi of Brazzaville (umng), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), This study was supported by a Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine [grant number 204862/Z/16/Z] awarded to BK., We would like to thank the populations of different collection sites for their collaboration during the field works. BK, CSW and ABF designed the experiments. BK performed the research. MV and LM provided a technical help. ANT, APY, TAWB helped in mosquito collections, BK, CSW and ABF wrote the paper with contribution from all other authors., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aedes albopictus ,Epidemiology ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,wa_395 ,Mosquito Vectors ,Aedes aegypti ,Microbiology ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Aedes ,law ,Virology ,Yellow Fever ,Drug Discovery ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,qx_525 ,Africa, Central ,Socioeconomics ,yellow fever virus ,vector competence ,Central Africa ,biology ,Public health ,Yellow fever ,Outbreak ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,wc_530 ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Vector (epidemiology) ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Female ,Parasitology - Abstract
International audience; Yellow Fever (YF) remains a major public health issue in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America, despite the availability of an effective vaccine. In Africa, most YF outbreaks are reported in West Africa. However, urban outbreaks occurred in 2016 in both Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and imported cases were reported in Chinese workers coming back from Africa. In Central Africa, Cameroon and the Republic of Congo host a high proportion of non-vaccinated populations increasing the risk of urban outbreaks. The main vector is Aedes aegypti and possibly, Aedes albopictus, both being anthropophilic and domestic mosquitoes. Here, we provide evidence that both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Cameroon and the Republic of Congo are able to transmit Yellow fever virus (YFV) with higher rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission for Ae. aegypti. We conclude that the potential of both Aedes species to transmit YFV could increase the risk of urban YF transmission and urge public health authorities to intensify their efforts to control domestic vectors, and extend vaccine coverage to prevent major YFV outbreak.
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- 2019
7. Quantifying model evidence for yellow fever transmission routes in Africa
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Katy A. M. Gaythorpe, Laurence Cibrelus, Tini Garske, Kévin Jean, Imperial College London, Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), World Health Organisation (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Funding:This work was carried out as part of the Vaccine Impact Modelling Consortium (www.vaccineimpact.org),but the views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Consortium or its funders.The funders were given the opportunity to review this paper prior to publication,but the final decision on the content of the publication was taken by the authors.We acknowledge joint Centre funding from the UK Medical Research Council and Department for International Development. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation (OPP1117543,OPP1157270 http://www.gatesfoundation.org/)and from the Medical Research Council (MR/R015600/1https://mrc.ukri.org/)., HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)
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0301 basic medicine ,Viral Diseases ,Epidemiology ,Force of infection ,Statics ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,law.invention ,Geographical Locations ,Bayes' theorem ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Aedes ,Statistics ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Public and Occupational Health ,Biology (General) ,Ecology ,Physics ,Yellow fever ,Linear model ,Classical Mechanics ,Vaccination and Immunization ,Geography ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Infectious Diseases ,Serology ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,INFECTIONS ,Modeling and Simulation ,Physical Sciences ,Yellow fever virus ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Research Article ,Generalized linear model ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ,Bioinformatics ,QH301-705.5 ,Immunology ,Bayesian inference ,Models, Biological ,Biochemical Research Methods ,BAYESIAN MODEL ,Infectious Disease Epidemiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Yellow Fever ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,01 Mathematical Sciences ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Estimation ,Science & Technology ,Models, Statistical ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Bayes Theorem ,06 Biological Sciences ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,People and Places ,Africa ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Mathematical & Computational Biology ,08 Information and Computing Sciences ,Preventive Medicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Yellow fever is a vector-borne disease endemic in tropical regions of Africa, where 90% of the global burden occurs, and Latin America. It is notoriously under-reported with uncertainty arising from a complex transmission cycle including a sylvatic reservoir and non-specific symptom set. Resulting estimates of burden, particularly in Africa, are highly uncertain. We examine two established models of yellow fever transmission within a Bayesian model averaging framework in order to assess the relative evidence for each model’s assumptions and to highlight possible data gaps. Our models assume contrasting scenarios of the yellow fever transmission cycle in Africa. The first takes the force of infection in each province to be static across the observation period; this is synonymous with a constant infection pressure from the sylvatic reservoir. The second model assumes the majority of transmission results from the urban cycle; in this case, the force of infection is dynamic and defined through a fixed value of R0 in each province. Both models are coupled to a generalised linear model of yellow fever occurrence which uses environmental covariates to allow us to estimate transmission intensity in areas where data is sparse. We compare these contrasting descriptions of transmission through a Bayesian framework and trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling in order to assess each model’s evidence given the range of uncertainty in parameter values. The resulting estimates allow us to produce Bayesian model averaged predictions of yellow fever burden across the African endemic region. We find strong support for the static force of infection model which suggests a higher proportion of yellow fever transmission occurs as a result of infection from an external source such as the sylvatic reservoir. However, the model comparison highlights key data gaps in serological surveys across the African endemic region. As such, conclusions concerning the most prevalent transmission routes for yellow fever will be limited by the sparsity of data which is particularly evident in the areas with highest predicted transmission intensity. Our model and estimation approach provides a robust framework for model comparison and predicting yellow fever burden in Africa. However, key data gaps increase uncertainty surrounding estimates of model parameters and evidence. As more mathematical models are developed to address new research questions, it is increasingly important to compare them with established modelling approaches to highlight uncertainty in structures and data., Author summary Yellow fever (YF) is notoriously under reported due to non-specific symptom spectrum and the true burden is highly uncertain as a result of a complex transmission cycle. As such, estimates surrounding YF burden are highly uncertain and the mechanisms behind transmission are often unclear. We assess these mechanisms and the resulting uncertainty by estimating two existing models of YF transmission within a product space framework. This allows us to produce updated estimates of transmission intensity and to compare the relative support for each model given the data. We find strong support for a model assuming a static force of infection, approximating the constant infection pressure from the sylvatic reservoir of YF. We also highlight areas where data is sparse, often the same areas estimated to have especially high transmission intensity. This is the first robust multi-model approach to applied YF modelling and provides a framework that could be extended to other disease models.
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- 2019
8. Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-specific cytophilic IgG and control of malaria infection in a Beninese birth cohort
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Gregory Nuel, Paulin Sonon, Adrian J. F. Luty, Gilles Cottrell, Ibrahim Sadissou, André Garcia, Roukiyath Amoussa, Tania d’Almeida, Ambaliou Sanni, Shirley Longacre, D. Courtin, Aziz Bouraima, Florence Migot-Nabias, Rafiou Adamou, Célia Dechavanne, Michael Theisen, Kabirou Moutairou, Edmond J. Remarque, Achille Massougbodji, Jacqueline Milet, Agnès Le Port, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire (Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin) (LBBM), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Biomedical Primate Research Centre [Rijswijk] (BPRC), Vaccinologie Parasitaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et Modélisation (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This paper describes work undertaken in the context of the PALNOUGENENV, 'Paludisme-Nouvéau-né-Génétique et Environnement', a project supported by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (projet SEST2006/040/001), Ministère des Affaires Etrangères français (projet REFS No.2006-22) for their financial support. This publication was made possible through the Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS), the Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées de Cotonou (ISBA), the Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP) for their institutional support and the Institut de Recherche et de Développment AIRD-ARTS and Ambassade de France à Cotonou (SCAC) for their PhD scholarships to Rafiou ADAMOU and Ibrahim SADISSOU., ANR-06-SEST-0040,PALNOURGENENV,survenue des premières infections palustres chez le noueau-né : déterminants génétiques, biologiques et environnementaux(2006), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), University of São Paulo (USP), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001))
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Male ,Protozoan Proteins ,Antibodies, Protozoan ,MESH: Malaria, Falciparum/immunology ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: Pregnancy ,MESH: Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Pregnancy ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Benin ,030212 general & internal medicine ,MESH: Plasmodium falciparum/immunology ,Longitudinal Studies ,Malaria, Falciparum ,MESH: Longitudinal Studies ,MESH: Antibodies, Protozoan/blood ,biology ,Malaria vaccine ,MESH: Infant, Newborn ,MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,MESH: Infant ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology ,Cytophilic IgG ,Female ,Merozoite vaccine candidate antigens ,Antibody ,medicine.symptom ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Context (language use) ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Asymptomatic ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,MESH: Benin ,Antigen ,Immunity ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires ,MESH: Humans ,business.industry ,Research ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,MESH: Protozoan Proteins/immunology ,MESH: Male ,Malaria ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Parasitology ,business ,MESH: Immunoglobulin G/blood ,MESH: Female - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substantial evidence indicates that cytophilic IgG responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens play a role in protection from malaria. The specific targets mediating immunity remain unclear. Evaluating antibody responses in infants naturally-exposed to malaria will allow to better understand the establishment of anti-malarial immunity and to contribute to a vaccine development by identifying the most appropriate merozoite candidate antigens.METHODS: The study was based on parasitological and clinical active follow-up of infants from birth to 18 months of age conducted in the Tori Bossito area of southern Benin. For 399 infants, plasma levels of cytophilic IgG antibodies with specificity for five asexual stage malaria vaccine candidate antigens were determined by ELISA in infants' peripheral blood at 6, 9, 12 and 15 months of age. Multivariate mixed logistic model was used to investigate the association between antibody levels and anti-malarial protection in the trimester following the IgG quantification. Moreover, the concentrations of merozoite antigen-specific IgG were compared between a group of infants apparently able to control asymptomatic malaria infection (CAIG) and a group of infants with no control of malaria infection (Control group (NCIG)). Protective effect of antibodies was also assessed after 15 months of malaria exposure with a Cox regression model adjusted on environmental risk.RESULTS: Cytophilic IgG responses to AMA1, MSP1, MSP2-3D7, MSP2-FC27, MSP3 and GLURP R2 were associated with increasing malarial infection risk in univariate analysis. The multivariate mixed model showed that IgG1 and IgG3 to AMA1 were associated with an increased risk of malarial infection. However infants from CAIG (n = 53) had significantly higher AMA1-, MSP2-FC27-, MSP3-specific IgG1 and AMA1-, MSP1-, MSP2-FC27-, MSP3 and GLURP-R2-specific IgG3 than those from NCIG (n = 183). The latter IgG responses were not associated with protection against clinical malaria in the whole cohort when protective effect is assessed after 15 months of malaria exposition.CONCLUSION: In this cohort, merozoite antigen-specific cytophilic IgG levels represent a marker of malaria exposure in infants from 6 to 18 months of age. However, infants with resolution of asymptomatic infection (CAIG) seem to have acquired naturally immunity against P. falciparum. This observation is encouraging in the context of the development of multitarget P. falciparum vaccines.
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- 2019
9. Développement larvaire et production de pupes d’Aedes aegypti dans le système d’élevage de masse de la FAO/AIEA et facteurs influençant l’efficacité de la séparation des sexes
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Jérémy Bouyer, Hanano Yamada, Nanwintoum Séverin Bimbilé Somda, Wadaka Mamai, Anna Konczal, Hamidou Maiga, Thomas Wallner, Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPC laboratory), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Bobo Dioulasso (INSSA), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), The research presented in this paper was partially funded by the United States of America under the grant to the IAEA entitled: Surge expansion for the sterile insect technique to control mosquito populations that transmit the Zika virus and by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 682387-REVOLINC)., and European Project: 682387,REVOLINC
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Integrated pest management ,Stade de développement animal ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Larve ,pupal production ,Toxicology ,Sterile insect technique ,Aedes aegypti ,0302 clinical medicine ,vectors ,Aedes ,Fay-Morlan glass plate separator ,fay–morlan glass plate separator ,Larva ,élevage d’insectes ,biology ,Lâcher d'insectes stériles ,Pupa ,Contamination ,Infectious Diseases ,Tray ,Female ,L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux ,Research Article ,animal structures ,Séparateur ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,030231 tropical medicine ,sterile insect technique ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Pupe ,female contamination ,mosquitoes ,fungi ,biology.organism_classification ,pupal stage [EN] ,030104 developmental biology ,Insect Science ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Production animale ,Pest Control ,Sex sorting ,Entomology - Abstract
The production of a large number of mosquitoes of high biological qualities and reliable sex sorting before release are key challenges when applying the sterile insect technique as part of an area-wide integrated pest management approach. There is a need to fully evaluate the production capacity of the equipment developed in order to plan and maintain a daily production level for large-scale operational release activities. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of the FAO/IAEA larval rearing unit for Aedes aegypti and the subsequent female contamination rate after sex sorting with a Fay-Morlan glass separator. Trays from each rack were tilted and their contents sorted either for each individual tray or after mixing the content of all trays from the rack. The pupal production and the female contamination rate were estimated with respect to day of collection, position of the tray, type of pupae collection, and sorting operator. Results showed significant daily variability of pupal production and female contamination rate, with a high male pupal production level achieved on the second day of collection and estimated female contamination of male pupae reached around 1%. Neither tray position nor type of pupae collection affected the pupal production and female contamination rate. However, the operator had a significant effect on the female contamination rate. These results highlight the need to optimize pupal production at early days of collection and to develop a more effective and automated method of sex separation.Développement larvaire et production de pupes d’Aedes aegypti dans le système d’élevage de masse de la FAO/AIEA et facteurs influençant l’efficacité de la séparation des sexes.La production d’un grand nombre de moustiques de haute qualité biologique et le tri des sexes avant les lâchers sont des défis clés lors de l’application de la technique des insectes stériles, dans le cadre d’une approche de lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs à l’échelle d’une zone. Il est nécessaire d’évaluer pleinement la capacité de production des équipements développés afin de planifier et de maintenir un niveau de production quotidien pour les activités de libération opérationnelle à grande échelle. Cette étude visait à évaluer l’utilisation potentielle de l’unité d’élevage larvaire FAO/AIEA pour Aedes aegypti et le taux de contamination par des femelles après le tri sexuel avec un séparateur en verre Fay–Morlan. Les plateaux de chaque rack ont été inclinés et leur contenu trié soit pour chaque plateau, soit après avoir mélangé le contenu de tous les plateaux du rack. La production de pupes et le taux de contamination par des femelles ont été estimés en fonction du jour de collecte, de la position du bac, du type de collecte des pupes et de l’opérateur du tri. Les résultats ont montré une variabilité quotidienne significative de la production de pupes et du taux de contamination par des femelles, avec un niveau élevé de production de pupes mâles atteint le deuxième jour de collecte et la contamination estimée des pupes mâles par des femelles a atteint environ 1 %. Ni la position du plateau ni le type de collecte des pupes n’ont affecté la production de pupes et le taux de contamination par des femelles. Cependant, l’opérateur avait un effet significatif sur le taux de contamination par les femelles. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité d’optimiser la production des pupes dès les premiers jours de la collecte et de développer une méthode de séparation des sexes plus efficace et automatisée.
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- 2020
10. Optimization of a magnetic bead-based assay (MAGPIX®-Luminex) for immune surveillance of exposure to malaria using multiple Plasmodium antigens and sera from different endemic settings
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Aissata Basse, Inès Vigan-Womas, Alioune Dieye, Cheikh Loucoubar, Babacar Mbengue, Marie Louise Varela, Ronald Perraut, Aissatou Touré, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Département Parasites et Insectes vecteurs - Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], This study was supported by grants from Institut Pasteur Fondation, from Rotary International, ACIP (Institut Pasteur, N°25_2012) and EDCTP—European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership., We thank Dr Odile Mercereau-Puijalon and Dr Shirley Longacre for constant support and providing antigens, we are grateful to Dr Shirley Longacre for revising this paper. We thank Drs Marc Jouan and Jérôme Salomon from Division International (Institut Pasteur, Paris) for their help to initiate this work in the very early steps. We are grateful to the villagers of Dielmo and Ndiop for their active participation and continuing collaboration in the project and Pr Bacary Diatta for help providing hospital samples., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
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0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Protozoan Proteins ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Plasmodium malariae ,Biology ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Serology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Multiplex ,Malaria, Falciparum ,IgG response ,Immunoassay ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Immunomagnetic Separation ,Magnetic beads assay ,Methodology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Malaria ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Parasitology ,Antibody ,Biomarkers - Abstract
International audience; Background: Serological markers are potentially useful tools for monitoring the progress of malaria control programs , but a better understanding of antibody response dynamics is necessary. The use of a magnetic bead-based immunoassay (MBA) is advantageous compared to ELISA, due to its multiplexing capacity, but limited information is available on the standardization and validation of this assay. Methods: Several parameters for multiplex testing of antibodies to Plasmodium antigens were analysed using a set of 4 antigens and 98 sera from Senegalese rural asymptomatic and urban symptomatic individuals. The 4 antigens included Plasmodium falciparum CSP and PfAMA1 peptides, recombinant P. falciparum MSP4p20 and a Plasmodium malariae CSP (PmCSP) peptide. Comparisons with ELISA were done using MSP4p20 and whole schizont extract (SE) antigens.Results: The use of fewer beads (1000 beads per well instead of 2000) and 5 µg of antigen per 10 6 bead were validated as lower amounts. The use of a carrier protein (BSA) was shown to be critical when using peptides and the effect of a 24 h delayed measures was evaluated (5-25% signal decrease). Analysis of Ab responses showed almost equally high levels and prevalence in all transmission settings. Clear distinctions between rural and urban malaria were noted using PmCSP and SE antigens.Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of further optimization of the MBA technique and highlights the interest of using multistage/multispecies antigens for surveillance of malaria in endemic settings.
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- 2018
11. Characterization of antibody response in neuroinvasive infection caused by Toscana virus
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Giada Rossini, Rémi N. Charrel, Vittorio Sambri, Silvia Morini, P. Cenni, Caterina Vocale, Nazli Ayhan, M. P. Landini, Anna Pierro, Paolo Gaibani, Stefania Varani, Michele Bartoletti, Antonio Mastroianni, F. Prati, Luigi Raumer, S. Schivazappa, Russell E. Lewis, S. Ficarelli, CRREM Laboratory [Bologna, Italy] (Unit of Microbiology), University hospital - Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi [Bologna, Italy], Unit of Microbiology [Pievesestina, Italy] (The Romagna Hub Laboratory), The Romagna Hub Laboratory [Pievesestina, Italy], Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Medical and Surgical Science [Bologna, Italy] (Infectious Disease Unit), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Infectious Disease Unit [Forlì, Italy], G.B. Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital [Forlì, Italy], Infectious Disease Division [Reggio Emilia, Italy], Reggio Emilia Hospital [Italy], Emergency Department [Imola, Italy], Imola Hospital S. Maria della Scaletta [Imola, Italy], Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine [Bologna, Italy] (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), This work was supported by the University of Bologna (RFO2013e2015 to SV, MPL) and by the Emilia-Romagna Region (Lab P3 funds). This work was also supported in part by the European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg) project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 653316 (to RNC), the EDENext FP7- n261504 EU project (to RNC) and this paper is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee (http://www.edenext.eu) as EDENext467. The work of RNC was done under the frame of EurNegVec COST Action TD1303., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), University of Bologna, BUISINE, Soline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe - EDENEXT - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2011-01-01 - 2015-06-30 - 261504 - VALID, Pierro, A., Ficarelli, S., Ayhan, N., Morini, S., Raumer, L., Bartoletti, M., Mastroianni, A., Prati, F., Schivazappa, S., Cenni, P., Vocale, C., Rossini, G., Gaibani, P., Sambri, V., Landini, M.P., Lewis, R.E., Charrel, R.N., and Varani, S.
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Patients' follow-up ,IgG avidity test ,030231 tropical medicine ,030106 microbiology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Bunyaviridae Infections ,Antibody production ,Neutralizing antibodies ,Immunoglobulin G ,Neutralization ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neutralizing antibodie ,medicine ,Humans ,Avidity ,Toscana virus infection ,[SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,biology ,Toscana virus ,Meningoencephalitis ,Sandfly fever Naples virus ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Meningitis, Viral ,Virology ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunoglobulin M ,Immunology ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,Meningitis - Abstract
Among sandfly-borne pathogens, Toscana virus (TOSV) is a prominent cause of summer meningitis in Mediterranean Europe. Here, we assessed the kinetics of anti-TOSV antibodies over time in 41 patients diagnosed with TOSV-meningitis or meningoencephalitis in North-eastern Italy. Objectives: Among sandfly-borne pathogens, Toscana virus (TOSV) is a prominent cause of summer meningitis in Mediterranean Europe. Here, we assessed the kinetics of anti-TOSV antibodies over time in 41 patients diagnosed with TOSV meningitis or meningoencephalitis in northeastern Italy. Methods: Acute and follow-up serum samples were collected up to 20 months after diagnosis of TOSV infection and tested for the presence of specific antibody using immunoenzymatic and indirect immunofluorescence assays. In addition, maturation of anti-TOSV IgG over time was evaluated as well as production of neutralizing antibodies. Results: Specific IgM and IgG response was present at diagnosis in 100% of patients; TOSV-specific IgM and IgG were detected in patients' sera up to 6 and 20 months after diagnosis, respectively. The avidity index (AI) increased over the first month after infection in 100% of patients and most cases exceeded 60% by Day 30 post infection. The AI subsequently plateaued then declined at 20 months after diagnosis. Finally, neutralization assay to TOSV was performed in 217 sera collected from 41 patients; 69.6% of tested samples resulted in reactive and moderate levels of neutralizing antibodies observed during all phases of infection despite high titres of total anti-TOSV IgG. Conclusions: Specific antibody response develops rapidly and is long-lasting for neuroinvasive TOSV infection. Serodiagnosis of neuroinvasive TOSV requires simultaneous detection of specific IgM and IgG. Moderate levels of neutralizing antibodies were maintained over the study period, while the protective role of antibodies lacking neutralizing activity is unclear and requires further evaluation.
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- 2017
12. Purinergic Signaling: A Common Path in the Macrophage Response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii
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Laetitia Petit-Jentreau, Ludovic Tailleux, Janine L. Coombes, University of Liverpool, Pathogénomique mycobactérienne intégrée, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Génétique mycobactérienne - Mycobacterial genetics, The present work was supported by the University of Liverpool. JLC is a lecturer at the University of Liverpool, UK, LT is a researcher at Institut Pasteur, France, and LP-J is a postdoctoral researcher on the JLC's Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) grant (BB/M023540/1) at the University of Liverpool, UK., LP-J wrote the paper with input from LT and JLC. All authors revised the manuscript, and approved it for publication., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Immunology ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Purinergic Agents ,Macrophage ,innate immunity ,Innate immune system ,biology ,Intracellular parasite ,Purinergic receptor ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,biology.organism_classification ,purinergic agents ,nucleotides ,3. Good health ,macrophages ,ATP ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,Intracellular - Abstract
International audience; Immune responses are essential for the protection of the host against external dangers or infections and are normally efficient in the clearance of invading microbes. However, some intracellular pathogens have developed strategies to replicate and survive within host cells resulting in latent infection associated with strong inflammation. This excessive response can cause cell and tissue damage and lead to the release of the intracellular content, in particular the nucleotide pool, into the extracellular space. Over the last decade, new studies have implicated metabolites from the purinergic pathway in shaping the host immune response against intracellular pathogens and proved their importance in the outcome of the infection. This review aims to summarize how the immune system employs the purinergic system either to fight the pathogen, or to control collateral tissue damage. This will be achieved by focusing on the macrophage response against two intracellular pathogens, the human etiologic agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii.
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- 2017
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13. High Rates of Neutralizing Antibodies to Toscana and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Viruses in Livestock, Kosovo
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Kurtesh Sherifi, Rémi N. Charrel, Kristaq Berxholi, Arber Taraku, Nazli Ayhan, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), University of Prishtina, Agricultural University of Tirana, This work was supported in part by the European Virus Archive Goes Global project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 653316, the EDENext FP7-no. 261504 European Union project and this paper is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee as EDENext469 (http://www.edenext.eu). The work of N.A. and R.N.C. was conducted under the frame of EurNegVec COST Action TD1303. N.A. is supported by the Fondation Mediterranee Infection., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), BUISINE, Soline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, and Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe - EDENEXT - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2011-01-01 - 2015-06-30 - 261504 - VALID
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0301 basic medicine ,Phlebovirus ,Epidemiology ,Kosovo ,vector-borne infections ,lcsh:Medicine ,Mediterranean ,Antibodies, Viral ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phlebotomus Fever ,Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus ,[SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Toscana virus ,biology ,Incidence ,Dispatch ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Epidemiological Monitoring ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Bunyaviridae ,Microbiology (medical) ,Livestock ,030231 tropical medicine ,Arbovirus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Balkan ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,viruses ,sandfly fever Sicilian virus ,Sheep ,lcsh:R ,Sandfly fever Naples virus ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Virology ,Insect Vectors ,Sandfly ,030104 developmental biology ,arbovirus ,High Rates of Neutralizing Antibodies to Toscana and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Viruses in Livestock, Kosovo ,Cattle ,Psychodidae ,sand flies - Abstract
Kurtesh Sherifi and Rémi N. Charrel contributed equally to this article; International audience; Toscana and sandfly fever Sicilian viruses (TOSV and SFSV, respectively), both transmitted by sand flies, are prominent human pathogens in the Old World. Of 1,086 serum samples collected from cattle and sheep during 2013 in various regions of Kosovo (Balkan Peninsula), 4.7% and 53.4% had neutralizing antibodies against TOSV and SFSV, respectively.
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- 2017
14. Helicobacter pylori Adapts to Chronic Infection and Gastric Disease via pH-Responsive BabA-Mediated Adherence
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Verena Königer, D. Scott Merrell, Roman Andriiovych Moskalenko, Rainer Haas, Thomas Borén, Sara Henriksson, Jafar Mahdavi, Abhijit Chowdhury, Johan Ögren, Anders Hofer, Jay V. Solnick, Dan Danielsson, Sara K. Lindén, Dag Ilver, Konstantinos S. Papadakos, Susanne Vikström, Jörgen Ådén, Jan Holgersson, Gerhard Gröbner, Alexej Schmidt, Jeanna Bugaytsova, Oscar Björnham, Göran O. Bylund, Rolf Sjöström, Stefan Oscarson, Dionyssios N. Sgouras, Lori M. Hansen, Yevgen A Chernov, Anders Esberg, Kristof Moonens, Christopher Aisenbrey, Charles Kelly, Ludmilla A. Morozova-Roche, Jeannette M. Whitmire, Beatriz Martinez-Gonzalez, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay, Angela Eldridge, Nicklas Strömberg, Robert H. Gilman, Andre Dubois, Lars Engstrand, Staffan Schedin, Brett A. Chromy, Justine Younson, Matthew Goldman, Anna Shevtsova, Macarena P. Quintana-Hayashi, Hui Liu, Magnus Unemo, Lena Rakhimova, Anna Åberg, Sebastian Suerbaum, Anna Arnqvist, Pär Gideonsson, Maréne Landström, Douglas E. Berg, Kristoffer Brännström, Anders Olofsson, Melissa Mendez, G. Balakrish Nair, Han Remaut, Umeå University, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology [Bruxelles], VIB [Belgium], Sumy State University, Max Von Pettenkofer Institute (MVP), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), King‘s College London, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), School of Digestive and Liver Diseases [Kolkata] (SDLD), National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute [Faridabad] (THSTI), Institut Pasteur Hellénique, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Örebro University Hospital [Örebro, Sweden], Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), German Center for Infection Research - partner site Hannover-Braunschweig (DZIF), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (UCD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, German Center for Infection Research, Partnersite Munich (DZIF), Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), This work was supported by grants from Vetenskapsrådet (VR/M) to T.B. and S.K.L., Cancerfonden to T.B. and A.A., VR/NT to A.A. and S. Schedin, Formas to S.K.L., the J.C. Kempe and Seth M. Kempe Memorial Foundation, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2012.0090) to T.B. and M.L., European Union Seventh Framework Program GastricGlycoExplorer ITN grant number 316929 to T.B. and Y.A.C., Magn. Bergvall’s Foundation to S. Schedin, DFG (SFB 900/A1) to S. Suerbaum, DFG (HA2697/16-1) to R.H., FP6 ANR-06-PATHO-00701 ERA-NET and Actions Concertées Inter-Pasteuriennes (ACIP) (2006) to D.N.S., NIH R01DK063041 to D.E.B., NIH CA082312 to D.S.M., NIH AI070803 and AI081037 to J.V.S., CSIR project, India (No. 37(1640)/14/EMR –II) to A.K.M., and VIB and FWO (grants: G033717N and 12H8416N) to K.M. and H.R., This paper is dedicated to the memory of our friend, collaborator, and co-author Dr. Andre Dubois, a great scientist who contributed importantly both intellectually and materially to this project. We thank S. Michopoulos and G. Mantzaris for H. pylori clinical isolates and Ö. Furberg (NoPolo.se), N. Ulander (softplanbangkok.com), S. Lindström, and M. Borén for the digital movie, tech, art, and figure work, respectively., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences
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0301 basic medicine ,MESH: Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Gastric acidity ,MESH: Helicobacter Infections/pathology ,MESH: Helicobacter pylori/physiology ,Disease ,adaptation ,Bacterial Adhesion ,polymorphism ,acid responsiveness ,MESH: Bacterial Adhesion ,Bacterial ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,gastric acidity ,Adhesins ,3. Good health ,Cell and molecular biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Infectious Diseases ,MESH: Gastric Mucosa/microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,Digestive Diseases - (Peptic Ulcer) ,Biology ,blood group antigen-binding adhesion ,Microbiology ,Helicobacter Infections ,diversity ,Vaccine Related ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,ABO blood group system ,Biodefense ,Gastric mucosa ,medicine ,MESH: Helicobacter Infections/microbiology ,multimerization ,Adhesins, Bacterial ,subpopulations ,Helicobacter pylori ,Prevention ,gastric cancer ,MESH: Adhesins, Bacterial/metabolism ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,MESH: Gastric Mucosa/pathology ,Bacterial adhesin ,Chronic infection ,030104 developmental biology ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Gastric Mucosa ,Parasitology ,Digestive Diseases - Abstract
The BabA adhesin mediates high-affinity binding of Helicobacter pylori to the ABO blood group antigen-glycosylated gastric mucosa. Here we show that BabA is acid responsive-binding is reduced at low pH and restored by acid neutralization. Acid responsiveness differs among strains; often correlates with different intragastric regions and evolves during chronic infection and disease progression; and depends on pH sensor sequences in BabA and on pH reversible formation of high-affinity binding BabA multimers. We propose that BabA's extraordinary reversible acid responsiveness enables tight mucosal bacterial adherence while also allowing an effective escape from epithelial cells and mucus that are shed into the acidic bactericidal lumen andthat bio-selection and changes in BabA bindingproperties through mutation and recombination with babA-related genes are selected by differencesamong individuals and by changes in gastric acidity over time. These processes generate diverse H.pylori subpopulations, in which BabA's adaptive evolution contributes to H.pylori persistence and overt gastric disease.
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- 2017
15. Description of compensatory gyrA mutations restoring fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Stéphanie Petrella, Alexandra Aubry, Nicolas Veziris, Hélène Ferrand, Claudine Mayer, Aurélie Bouige, Alix Pantel, Stéphanie Matrat, Wladimir Sougakoff, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Microbiologie structurale - Structural Microbiology (Microb. Struc. (UMR_3528 / U-Pasteur_5)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Parts of this paper were presented at the ‘International Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy’, USA, 2011 (C1-626), and at the EMBO Conference ‘Tuberculosis 2012’, France, 2012 (TUBERCULOSIS2012/000269)., Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance aux Antituberculeux [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Bactériologie-Hygiène [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] ], and CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]
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0301 basic medicine ,MESH: Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Mutant ,Antitubercular Agents ,medicine.disease_cause ,DNA gyrase ,MESH: Recombinant Proteins ,Suppression, Genetic ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Pharmacology (medical) ,MESH: DNA Mutational Analysis ,MESH: Suppression, Genetic ,MESH: Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,Mutation ,MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,biology ,Chemistry ,MESH: Escherichia coli ,Recombinant Proteins ,3. Good health ,MESH: Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,DNA Gyrase ,DNA supercoil ,Fluoroquinolones ,medicine.drug ,MESH: DNA Gyrase ,Microbiology (medical) ,030106 microbiology ,Mutation, Missense ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Microbiology ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,MESH: Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology ,MESH: Mutation, Missense ,MESH: Humans ,Mutagenesis ,MESH: Fluoroquinolones ,biology.organism_classification ,MESH: Antitubercular Agents ,Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,[SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology ,Ofloxacin - Abstract
International audience; OBJECTIVES:Resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is mainly due to mutations in DNA gyrase (GyrA2B2), with the most common substitutions located at positions 90 and 94 in GyrA. Two clinical MDR Mtb (MDR-TB) strains harbouring an A90E or D94N substitution in GyrA were found to be surprisingly susceptible to FQs (ofloxacin MIC ≤2 mg/L). We studied the impact of the additional GyrA substitutions found in these strains (T80A and T80A + A90G, respectively) on FQ susceptibility.METHODS:Mutants of interest were generated by site-specific mutagenesis of GyrA alleles. WT and mutant TB DNA gyrase subunits were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified, and the in vitro susceptibility to FQs of their DNA supercoiling reaction was studied.RESULTS:IC50s of mutant gyrase complexes bearing GyrA D94N and A90E were 3- to 36-fold higher than WT IC50s, whereas IC50s of gyrase bearing T80A + A90G + D94N and T80A + A90E were close to the WT IC50s.CONCLUSIONS:We demonstrated that substitutions T80A and A90G restore FQ susceptibility when associated with a substitution implicated in high-level FQ resistance. Line probe assay misclassification of MDR-TB strains as pre-XDR or XDR can be corrected by sequence analysis of gyrA.
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- 2016
16. Integrated Analysis of Environment, Cattle and Human Serological Data: Risks and Mechanisms of Transmission of Rift Valley Fever in Madagascar
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Annelise Tran, Vladimir Grosbois, Jean-Pierre Ravalohery, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Jean-Michel Heraud, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Christophe Rogier, Seta Andriamamonjy, Véronique Chevalier, Benoit Durand, Marie-Marie Olive, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This study was supported in part by funds raised by (i) CIRAD (ii) the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, grant # 131163/00) (iii) the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar. Human field work was funded by the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar (Internal Project through the ZORA (ZOonoses, Rodent and Arboviruses) project and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, and Cooperative Agreement #U51/IP000327). Moreover, this material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Department of Homeland Security under the Center of Excellence of Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases Grant Award Number 2010-ST061-AG0001. Cattle study was supported in part by funds raised by World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) through the Central Emergency Response Fund of the United Nations. The views and conclusions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either explicit or implicit, of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Veterinary medicine ,Epidemiology ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,law.invention ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Analyse du risque ,MESH: Cattle Diseases ,MESH: Animals ,Neglected tropical diseases ,Mammals ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,MESH: Middle Aged ,000 - Autres thèmes ,Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift ,Anopheles ,Ruminants ,3. Good health ,Transmission (mechanics) ,MESH: Young Adult ,Densité de population ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Enzootic ,Infectious diseases ,L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux ,Genre humain ,Bétail ,Livestock ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,MESH: Culex ,Microbiology ,MESH: Anopheles ,03 medical and health sciences ,MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies ,Madagascar ,MESH: Humans ,MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Tropical diseases ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,MESH: Adult ,[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,15. Life on land ,medicine.disease ,Invertebrates ,Insect Vectors ,030104 developmental biology ,Africa ,Cattle ,MESH: Female ,MESH: Antibodies, Viral ,0301 basic medicine ,RNA viruses ,Cattle Diseases ,Disease Vectors ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Mosquitoes ,Serology ,Geographical Locations ,MESH: Madagascar ,law ,Zoonoses ,Facteur de risque ,Bunyaviruses ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,MESH: Rift Valley Fever ,Comportement humain ,Rift Valley fever ,2. Zero hunger ,biology ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Agriculture ,Facteur du milieu ,Medical microbiology ,Insects ,MESH: Cattle ,Vecteur de maladie ,Vertebrates ,Viruses ,MESH: Rift Valley fever virus ,Seasons ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Zone humide ,Arthropoda ,Distribution géographique ,Culex ,030231 tropical medicine ,Viral diseases ,MESH: Insect Vectors ,Virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift ,Sérologie ,Bovines ,medicine ,Seroprevalence ,Animals ,MESH: Environment ,Transmission des maladies ,Biology and life sciences ,Viral pathogens ,Morbidité ,biology.organism_classification ,Rift Valley fever virus ,MESH: Male ,Microbial pathogens ,Amniotes ,People and Places ,Earth Sciences ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie - Abstract
Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease affecting ruminants and humans. Madagascar was heavily affected by RVF in 2008–2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease. The identification of at-risk environments is essential to optimize the available resources by targeting RVF surveillance in Madagascar. Herein, the objectives of our study were: (i) to identify the environmental factors and areas favorable to RVF transmission to both cattle and human and (ii) to identify human behaviors favoring human infections in Malagasy contexts. Methodology/Principal Findings First, we characterized the environments of Malagasy communes using a Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). Then, we analyzed cattle and human serological data collected at national level using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, with the individual serological status (cattle or human) as the response, and MFA factors, as well as other potential risk factors (cattle density, human behavior) as explanatory variables. Cattle and human seroprevalence rates were positively associated to humid environments (p, Author Summary Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogen that causes a vector-borne tropical disease. The disease affects ruminants and humans and severely impacts the health and economy of affected countries. Madagascar was heavily affected by Rift Valley fever (RVF) in 2008–2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease. Our study aims at identifying environmental and human-related risk factors for RVFV transmission. First, we characterized Malagasy environments according to their putative influence on RVFV mosquito density and population dynamics. Then we statistically analyzed cattle and human serological data collected at a national level with the individual serological status as response, and Malagasy environments previously characterized by climatic and landscape variables as well as other potential risk factors as explanatory variables. Our results identified humid environments of the western, north-western and eastern parts of the island as risky areas. The identification of at-risk environments is essential to focus veterinary surveillance and control of RVFV.
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- 2016
17. Underestimation of Leptospirosis Incidence in the French West Indies
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Sylvie Cassadou, Martine Ledrans, Pascale Bourhy, Philippe Quénel, Martina Escher, Claude Flamand, Jacques Rosine, Mathieu Picardeau, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Cellule de l'Institut de Veille Sanitaire en régions Antilles Guyane, Cellule Interrégionale d'Epidémiologie Antilles-Guyane, Cellule interrégionale d'épidémiologie Antilles-Guyane [CIRE], Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose-Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose-Biologie des Spirochètes, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut de recherche, santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CIRE Antilles-Guyane - Gourbeyre, Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR), Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes, CIRE Antilles-Guyane - Fort de France, The authors received specific funding only from the Institut de Veille Sanitaire, their institution. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Conceived and designed the experiments: SC JR CF ME ML PB MP PQ. Performed the experi- ments: SC JR ME PB. Analyzed the data: SC JR CF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PB MP. Wrote the paper: SC JR CF ME ML PB MP PQ. Organized and strenghtened the partners network: PQ ML., Jean-Baptiste Adrien, Hélène Bazus, Sylvie Boa, Fabrice Boulard, André Cabié, Arnaud Duthilly, Emilie Gaubert-Maréchal, Stéphanie Guyomard, Cécile Herrmann, Patrick Hoche- dez, Isabelle Lamaury, Claude Olive, Marion Petit-Sinturel, Raphaelle Théodose, the public health nurses of the CVAGS, all the General Practitionners of the two sentinel networks in Guadeloupe and Martinique, the ambulatory labs, the hospital labs, the hospital medical staffs, the Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, the Pasteur Institute of Paris and Jude Sweeney for the revision of the English text., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Antibodies, Protozoan ,Disease ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Dengue fever ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental protection ,Epidemiology ,Enzyme-linked immunoassays ,Child ,Guadeloupe ,Aged, 80 and over ,Disease surveillance ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Middle Aged ,Leptospirosis ,Hospitals ,3. Good health ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,France ,Martinique ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Adolescent ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,030106 microbiology ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Environmental health ,Agglutination Tests ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Demography ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant, Newborn ,Outbreak ,Infant ,Correction ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,DNA, Protozoan ,medicine.disease ,Public and occupational health ,Immunoglobulin M ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis affecting mainly tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, particularly South America and the Caribbean. As in many other countries, under-reporting of cases was suspected in the French West Indies because of inadequate access to diagnostic tests for the general population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:In order to estimate the real incidence of leptospirosis in Guadeloupe and Martinique, a study was performed in 2011 using the three prevailing available biological tests for diagnosis: Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), IgM ELISA and PCR. The study investigated inpatients and outpatients and used active case ascertainment from data provided by a general practitioners' sentinel network. The epidemiology of the disease was also described in terms of severity and demographic characteristics. Leptospirosis incidence was estimated at 69.4 (95%CI 47.6-91.1) and 60.6 (95%CI 36.3-85.0) annual cases per 100,000 inhabitants in Guadeloupe and Martinique, respectively, which was 3 and 4 times higher than previous estimations. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:Inclusion of PCR and IgM ELISA tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis resulted in improved sensitivity in comparison with MAT alone. Our results highlighted the substantial health burden of the disease in these two territories and the importance of access to appropriate laboratory tests. Based on our results, PCR and IgM ELISA tests have now been included in the list of tests reimbursed by the national system of social security insurance in France. Our results also underline the relevance of implementing an integrated strategy for the surveillance, prevention and control of leptospirosis in the French West Indies.
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- 2016
18. Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination?
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Marietjie Venter, Juan Yang, Simona Puzelli, Antonino Bella, Joshua A. Mott, Rodrigo Fasce, Coulibaly Daouda, Jenny Lara, Hongjie Yu, Winston Andrade, Selim Badur, Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques, François G. Schellevis, Jean-Michel Heraud, Akerke Ospanova, Sonam Wangchuk, Brechla Moreno, Herve A. Kadjo, Raymond T. P. Lin, Juan Manuel Rudi, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Gabriela Kusznierz, Joseph S. Bresee, Cheryl Cohen, Mai thi Quynh Le, Rhonda Owen, Maria Zambon, Maria Luisa Matute, Kunzang Dorji, Kate Pennington, Global Influenza B Study, Herman Kosasih, Nurhayati, Alla Mironenko, Ming Li, Angel Balmaseda, Alexey Clara, Alfredo Bruno, Richard Njouom, Phuong Vu Mai Hoang, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Celina de Lozano, Luzhao Feng, Olha Holubka, Amal Barakat, Lyazzat Kiyanbekova, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Saverio Caini, Meral Akcay Ciblak, Raquel Guiomar, Richard Pebody, Leticia Castillo, Gideon O. Emukule, Liza Lopez, Doménica de Mora, Jeffery Cutter, Q. Sue Huang, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Abderrahman Bimohuen, John Paget, Lynnette Brammer, General practice, EMGO - Quality of care, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Istanbul University, Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), Ministry of Health [Morocco], Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública [Guayaquil, Ecuador] (INSPI), Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), US Centers for Disease Control, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Ministry of Health, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Ministry of Health [Bhoutan], US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto nacional de saude, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Astana Center of Sanitary Epidemiology Expertise, US Naval Medical Research Unit n°2, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias 'Dr. Emilio Coni', Ministry of Health [Costa Rica], National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Ministry of Health [Honduras] (SESAL), National Influenza Center, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Office of Health Protection, Woden, ACT, Australia (DHAISS), Public Health England [London], National Institute of Health, University of Pretoria [South Africa], The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. The study sponsor had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The study sponsor had no access to the data in the study.
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Infecções Respiratórias ,Influenza Viruses ,Epidemiology ,Gripe ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Geographical locations ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,DRIVERS ,Estados de Saúde ,Public and Occupational Health ,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ,lcsh:Science ,MESH: Influenza B virus ,Northern Hemisphere ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Geography ,MESH: Influenza, Human ,Vaccination ,virus diseases ,3. Good health ,Global Influenza B Study ,MESH: Tropical Climate ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Immunology ,Disease Surveillance ,SEASONAL INFLUENZA ,Microbiology ,Influenza Vaccin ,03 medical and health sciences ,Influenza Vaccination ,SURVEILLANCE ,Humans ,Microbial Pathogens ,Retrospective Studies ,MESH: Humans ,Science & Technology ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Correction ,Influenza a ,MESH: Retrospective Studies ,[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Influenza ,MADAGASCAR ,lcsh:Q ,Preventive Medicine ,People and places ,Demography ,RNA viruses ,Viral Diseases ,lcsh:Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Tropical climate ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Influenza A virus ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,Medical microbiology ,Vaccination and Immunization ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Viruses ,Human mortality from H5N1 ,Southern Hemisphere ,Seasons ,Pathogens ,Brazil ,Research Article ,Infectious Disease Control ,General Science & Technology ,030231 tropical medicine ,MESH: Influenza A virus ,Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18] ,MD Multidisciplinary ,Influenza, Human ,Temperate climate ,medicine ,Tropical Climate ,Biology and life sciences ,business.industry ,Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0] ,Viral pathogens ,Tropics ,MESH: Vaccination ,South America ,Seasonality ,Earth sciences ,Influenza B virus ,Infectious Disease Surveillance ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Geographic areas ,MESH: Seasons ,Orthomyxoviruses - Abstract
Erratum in - Correction: Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination? PLoS One. 2016 May 2;11(5):e0155089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155089. Introduction: Determining the optimal time to vaccinate is important for influenza vaccination programmes. Here, we assessed the temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics in the Northern and Southern hemispheres and in the tropics, and discuss their implications for vaccination programmes. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of surveillance data between 2000 and 2014 from the Global Influenza B Study database. The seasonal peak of influenza was defined as the week with the most reported cases (overall, A, and B) in the season. The duration of seasonal activity was assessed using the maximum proportion of influenza cases during three consecutive months and the minimum number of months with 80% of cases in the season. We also assessed whether co-circulation of A and B virus types affected the duration of influenza epidemics. Results: 212 influenza seasons and 571,907 cases were included from 30 countries. In tropical countries, the seasonal influenza activity lasted longer and the peaks of influenza A and B coincided less frequently than in temperate countries. Temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics were heterogeneous in the tropics, with distinct seasonal epidemics observed only in some countries. Seasons with co-circulation of influenza A and B were longer than influenza A seasons, especially in the tropics. Discussion: Our findings show that influenza seasonality is less well defined in the tropics than in temperate regions. This has important implications for vaccination programmes in these countries. High-quality influenza surveillance systems are needed in the tropics to enable decisions about when to vaccinate. The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2016
19. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps are Involved in the Innate Immune Response to Infection with Leptospira
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Emilia Scharrig, María Florencia Ferrer, Agostina Carestia, Mathieu Picardeau, Maia Cédola, Ricardo Martín Gómez, Mirta Schattner, Gabriela Pretre, Ricardo Drut, CCT La Plata-CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias [La Plata, PBA, Argentine], Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Children Hospital 'Superiora Sor María Ludovica' LA PLATA, Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes, Institut Pasteur [Paris], This work was supported by PICTs grant 12-0434 (RMG) and 11-733 (MS) from ANPCyT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., Conceived and designed the experiments: MP MS RMG. Performed the experiments: ES AC MFF GP. Analyzed the data: MC RD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MP. Wrote the paper: MS RMG., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
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Male ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Neutrophils ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Inflammation ,Extracellular Traps ,Microbiology ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,neutrophils ,Immunity ,In vivo ,Leptospira ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,leptospirosis ,Leptospirosis ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Ciencias Exactas ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Innate immune system ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Nets ,Neutrophil extracellular traps ,biology.organism_classification ,Immunity, Innate ,3. Good health ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,medicine.symptom ,Leptospira interrogans ,Virología ,Ex vivo ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Research Article - Abstract
NETosis is a process by which neutrophils extrude their DNA together with bactericidal proteins that trap and/or kill pathogens. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of Leptospira spp. to induce NETosis using human ex vivo and murine in vivo models. Microscopy and fluorometric studies showed that incubation of human neutrophils with Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 (LIC) resulted in the release of DNA extracellular traps (NETs). The bacteria number, pathogenicity and viability were relevant factors for induction of NETs, but bacteria motility was not. Entrapment of LIC in the NETs resulted in LIC death; however, pathogenic but not saprophytic Leptospira sp. exerted nuclease activity and degraded DNA. Mice infected with LIC showed circulating NETs after 2 days post-infection (dpi). Depletion of neutrophils with mAb1A8 significantly reduced the amount of intravascular NETs in LIC-infected mice, increasing bacteremia at 3 dpi. Although there was a low bacterial burden, scarce neutrophils and an absence of inflammation in the early stages of infection in the kidney and liver, at the beginning of the leptospiruric phase, the bacterial burden was significantly higher in kidneys of neutrophil-depleted-mice compared to non-depleted and infected mice. Surprisingly, interstitial nephritis was of similar intensity in both groups of infected mice. Taken together, these data suggest that LIC triggers NETs, and that the intravascular formation of these DNA traps appears to be critical not only to prevent early leptospiral dissemination but also to preclude further bacterial burden., Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
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- 2015
20. Recent Epidemiological Trends of Dengue in the French Territories of the Americas (2000–2012): A Systematic Literature Review
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Claude Flamand, Anne-Frieda Taurel, Philippe Quénel, Maïna L’Azou, Sanofi Pasteur [Lyon, France], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Sanofi Pasteur sponsored this survey and analysis. The authors (including members of Sanofi Pasteur) were responsible for the conception of the literature analysis, development of the protocol, data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, provision of critical comments, writing the paper and approving the final version to be published.
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lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,MESH: West Indies ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,MESH: Dengue ,Dengue virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,MESH: Dengue Virus ,Dengue fever ,MESH: Sex Ratio ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,MESH: Severity of Illness Index ,MESH: French Guiana ,Medicine ,Seroprevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,MESH: Incidence ,MESH: Disease Outbreaks ,MESH: Age Distribution ,Dengue vaccine ,MESH: Epidemics ,Disease surveillance ,MESH: Humans ,MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,MESH: Sex Distribution ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Outbreak ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,MESH: Serogroup ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Martinique - Abstract
International audience; Dengue is a public health concern across the globe, and an escalating problem in the Americas. As part of a wider programme (covering Latin America and South East Asia) to characterize the epidemiology of dengue in dengue endemic areas, we undertook a systematic literature review to assess epidemiological trends (incidence, timing and duration of outbreaks/epidemics, age and sex distribution, serotype distribution, seroprevalence and disease severity) for dengue across the French Territories of the Americas (FTA), in French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy between 2000 and 2012 (CRD42012002341: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42012002341). Of 413 relevant data sources identified, 45 were eligible for inclusion. A large proportion of the available data were from national surveillance reports, and 12 publications were from peer-reviewed journals. During the review period, 3-5 epidemics were identified in each of the island territories and French Guiana, and epidemics were often associated with a shift in the predominant circulating dengue virus serotype. Substantial gaps in epidemiological knowledge were identified. In particular, information regarding dengue virus genotype distribution, seroprevalence and age distribution of dengue were lacking. Additionally, much of the available data were from epidemic years; data from inter-epidemic periods were sparse. Nevertheless, the available epidemiological data showed that dengue is endemic across the FTA and suggest an evolution towards hyperendemicity, highlighting the need to continue the efforts with the existing surveillance programmes to assist in planning an effective vaccination programme once a dengue vaccine is deployed.
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- 2014
21. Malaria risk in Corsica, former hot spot of malaria in France
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Gilbert Le Goff, Céline Toty, Hélène Barré, Daniel Couret, Nil Rahola, Didier Fontenille, Isabelle Larget-Thiery, Caractérisation et contrôle des populations de vecteurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Direction de la Solidarité et de la Santé de Corse et de Corse-du-Sud, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Centre de Production et Infection des Anophèles (plateforme) - Center for the Production and Infection of Anopheles (platform) (CEPIA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], The paper is catalogued by the EDEN Steering Committee as EDEN 232 http://www.eden-fp6project.net/., Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Centre de Production et Infection des Anophèles (Plateforme) (CEPIA)
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Risk ,Entomology ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,Plasmodium vivax ,Plasmodium falciparum ,MESH: Malaria ,Zoology ,MESH: Insect Vectors ,Biology ,Plasmodium ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,MESH: Anopheles ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Anopheles ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,MESH: Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,MESH: Plasmodium falciparum ,0303 health sciences ,MESH: Humans ,MESH: Risk ,030306 microbiology ,Ecology ,Research ,Outbreak ,MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Insect Vectors ,Malaria ,MESH: Plasmodium vivax ,MESH: France ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,France - Abstract
Background The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria was very high in Corsica just before the Second World War. The last outbreak was in 1972 and the most recent indigenous case was in 2006. Results Analysis of historical data shows that anopheline vectors were abundant. Recent surveys demonstrated that potential vectors are still present in Corsica, despite the likely disappearance of Anopheles sacharovi. Moreover, P. falciparum can develop experimentally into these mosquitoes, notably Anopheles labranchiae, which is locally abundant, and parasites are regularly introduced into the island. Discussion, Conclusions The presence of vectors, the introduction of parasites and the conducive climate raise questions about the possibility of malaria re-emerging and becoming re-established in Corsica. Analysis of historic and current parasitological and entomological data shows that the current theoretical risk of indigenous cases or malaria foci is negligible, particularly since there is very little contact between humans and Anopheles mosquitoes, Plasmodium carriers are reliably treated and there is a widespread vector control on the island.
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- 2010
22. Role of mental disorders in nosocomial infections after hip fracture treatment
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Nicolás Benítez-Parejo, Encarnacion Cruz, Emilio Perea-Milla, Enrique Guerado, Juan Ramon Cano, CIBER Epidemioloǵıa y Salud Ṕublica (CIBERESP), [Guerado,E, Cano,JR, Cruz,E] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Costa del Sol, University of Malaga. [Benitez-Parejo,N, Perea-Milla,E] Department of Research, Statistics, and Epidemiology, CIBERESP, Hospital Costa del Sol, University of Malaga., and This paper was performed with a grant from the Carlos III Institute (The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) to the authors’ network of research group on Clinical pidemiology (CIBERESP)
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musculoskeletal diseases ,Microbiology (medical) ,Diseases::Wounds and Injuries::Fractures, Bone::Hip Fractures [Medical Subject Headings] ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Article Subject ,Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders [Medical Subject Headings] ,Infección Hospitalaria ,Diseases::Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Infection::Cross Infection [Medical Subject Headings] ,Hip fracture surgery ,Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Iatrogenic Disease [Medical Subject Headings] ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Virology ,medicine ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Multiple logistic regression analysis ,Fracturas de Cadera ,Enfermedad Iatrogénica ,Hip surgery ,Hip fracture ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Infectious Diseases ,Trastornos Mentales ,Parasitology ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
The association between mental disorders (MDs) and iatrogenic complications after hip fracture surgery has been poorly studied. Among iatrogenic complications, nosocomial infections (NIs) are a major factor in hip fracture surgery. The aim of this paper was to determine whether patients with a MD and a hip fracture develop more NIs after hip surgery than patients with no MD. We studied 912 patients who underwent surgery for a hip fracture (223 patients with a MD who underwent surgery for a hip fracture and 689 control patients without a MD who also underwent surgery for a hip fracture) and followed them after surgery. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using simple and multiple logistic regression analysis (confidence interval, crude and adjusted odds ratios, andPvalue). We found that MDs, gender, and comorbidities were not associated with a higher risk of developing a NI after surgery for a hip fracture. Only age increases the risk of a NI.
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- 2010
23. Isolation and sequencing of Dashli virus, a novel Sicilian-like virus in sandflies from Iran; genetic and phylogenetic evidence for the creation of one novel species within the Phlebovirus genus in the Phenuiviridae family
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Xavier de Lamballerie, E. Javadian, Cigdem Alkan, Nourina Rahbarian, Bulent Alten, Laurence Bichaud, Nazli Ayhan, Mehdi Badakhshan, Vahideh Moin Vaziri, Rémi N. Charrel, BUISINE, Soline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe - EDENEXT - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2011-01-01 - 2015-06-30 - 261504 - VALID, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Department of Parasitology and Mycology [Tehran, Iran] (School of Medicine), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran, Iran], Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control [Tehran, Iran] (School of Public Health), Tehran University of Medical Sciences-Institute of Public Health Research [Tehran, Iran], Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center [Tehran, Iran] (SBU), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), This work was supported through funds received from EU grant FP7-261504 EDENext and this paper is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee (http://www.edenext.eu), the European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg) project in the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 653316 (http://global.european- virus-archive.com/). The present article partly was supported by Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (Grant No: 1573) The work of RNC was done under the frame of EurNegVec (TD1303) COST Action., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), and Shahid Beheshti University-Shahid Beheshti University
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Phlebovirus ,RNA viruses ,Fevers ,Iran ,Disease Vectors ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Phlebotomus Fever ,Bunyaviruses ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus ,Phylogeny ,Data Management ,Genetics ,[SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Phylogenetic Analysis ,Gene Pool ,3. Good health ,Phylogenetics ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Viruses ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Gene pool ,Pathogens ,Sequence Analysis ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Bioinformatics ,Genome, Viral ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Amino Acid Sequence Analysis ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Evolutionary Systematics ,Microbial Pathogens ,Taxonomy ,Evolutionary Biology ,Base Sequence ,Population Biology ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,biology.organism_classification ,Rift Valley fever virus ,Sandfly ,Insect Vectors ,Sand Flies ,Species Interactions ,030104 developmental biology ,Microbial genetics ,Psychodidae ,Population Genetics - Abstract
Phlebotomine sandflies are vectors of phleboviruses that cause sandfly fever or meningitis with significant implications for public health. Although several strains of these viruses had been isolated in Iran in the late 1970's, there was no recent data about the present situation at the outset of this study. Entomological investigations performed in 2009 and 2011 in Iran collected 4,770 sandflies from 10 different regions. Based on morphological identification, they were sorted into 315 pools according to species, sex, trapping station and date of capture. A phlebovirus, provisionally named Dashli virus (DASHV), was isolated from one pool of Sergentomyia spp, and subsequently DASHV RNA was detected in a second pool of Phlebotomus papatasi. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses based on complete coding genomic sequences indicated that (i) DASHV is most closely related to the Iranian isolates of Sandfly fever Sicilian virus [SFSV], (ii) there is a common ancestor to DASHV, Sandfly fever Sicilian- (SFS) and SFS-like viruses isolated in Italy, India, Turkey, and Cyprus (lineage I), (iii) DASHV is more distantly related with Corfou and Toros viruses (lineage II) although common ancestry is supported with 100% bootstrap, (iii) lineage I can be subdivided into sublineage Ia including all SFSV, SFCV and SFTV except those isolated in Iran which forms sublineage Ib (DASHV). Accordingly, we suggest to approve Sandfly fever Sicilian virus species consisting of the all aforementioned viruses. Owing that most of these viruses have been identified in human patients with febrile illness, DASHV should be considered as a potential human pathogen in Iran., Author summary Phlebotomine sandflies are vectors of phleboviruses that cause sandfly fever or meningitis with significant implications for public health. Although several strains of these viruses had been isolated in Iran in the late 1970's, there was no recent data about the present situation at the outset of this study. Entomological investigations performed in 2009 and 2011 in Iran collected 4,770 sandflies from 10 different regions. A phlebovirus, provisionally named Dashli virus (DASHV), was isolated / detected in two pools. DASHV strain was isolated in cell culture and complete genome sequence was determined. Sequence analysis indicated that (i) DASHV is most closely related to the Iranian isolates of Sandfly fever Sicilian virus [SFSV], a virus that is known to cause self-resolutive incapacitating febrile illness in humans, (ii) there is a common ancestor to DASHV and all other variants of SFSV isolated in Italy, India, Turkey, and Cyprus (lineage I), (iii) DASHV is more distantly related with Corfou and Toros viruses (lineage II) although common ancestry is supported with 100% bootstrap, (iii) lineage I can be subdivided into sublineage Ia including all SFSV strains, whereas Iranian viruses are most closely related and should be individualized as DASHV (sublineage Ib). Although discovered first in the 1940's, SFSV is still listed as "tentative species" by the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses. Based on the results described in this study, we propose to approve Sandfly fever Sicilian virus species. Owing that most of these viruses have been identified in human patients with febrile illness, DASHV should be considered as a potential human pathogen in Iran.
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