Search

During the first decades of the 20th century, the supply of paper for the printing industries in Mexico became a problematic issue. Production difficulties, price increases and poor distribution during the monopoly of the San Rafael factory started a deep debate on the modernization and interference of the State in the paper industry. This article analyzes the transition between the private monopoly and the creation of the public company, Productora e Importadora de Papel Sociedad Anónima (PIPSA) in 1935, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940). Through parliamentary debates, press articles and ministerial reports, the questioning of the monopoly as a public policy, the birth of PIPSA and the results in its first years of operation will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems & Community Development's spring-summer 2024 issue features commentaries from the 2023 Agroecology Summit in the U.S. These commentaries challenge the dominant global industrial food system and emphasize the need for unity among progressives in the agroecology movement. The issue also includes open-call papers on various topics, such as college student food security, emergency food assistance, and agrihood development. The journal aims to promote a more equitable and resilient global food system by encouraging collaboration and finding common ground. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How people pay is critically important to consumers and businesses alike. Many consumers are choosing to pay for goods and services from an increasing number of options. Tech‐savvy urbanites buy coffee by tapping their phone on a reader. Parents returning from a night out use peer‐to‐peer payment apps, such as Venmo, to pay the sitter. The recent explosion of financial innovations promises faster, more efficient, and cheaper transactions. These increasing digital payment options coincide with decreased number and volume of cash transactions. However, vulnerable populations face more constrained payment choices and often rely exclusively on cash. Without experience, devices, or acceptable credit histories, vulnerable populations may have little access to digital transactions. The advantages of falling digital costs and other benefits thus accrue to the digitally connected. At the same time, those who must transact in coins and paper money are likely to find their relative costs increasing. This paper highlights payment trends and the potential impact on vulnerable populations in the United States as we move toward a cashless society. This paper should stimulate discussions of public policy initiatives to mitigate digital payment issues for vulnerable people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is widespread across many nations and populations, and India shares more than three-quarters of the global burden of SLT consumption. Tobacco use in India has been largely viewed as a male-dominant behaviour. However, evidence from medical, social and behavioural sciences show significant SLT use among women and young girls. This paper highlights key dimensions of SLT use among women in India including prevalence and determinants, the health effects arising from SLT use and cessation behaviours. The paper concludes by providing recommendations with the aim of setting research priorities and policy agenda to achieve a tobacco-free society. The focus on women and girls is essential to achieve the national targets for tobacco control under the National Health Policy, 2017, and Sustainable Development Goals 3 of ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family medicine is the internationally recognized nomenclature for the academic discipline, knowledge domain, and medical specialty of primary care doctors, working in the community setting. Family medicine is defined as a specialty of medicine which is concerned with providing comprehensive care to individuals and families by integrating biomedical, behavioral, and social sciences in the community setting. The distinction of family medicine lies in the tradition of medical generalism, promoting whole person care, in a life cycle mode; providing optimal preventive, promotive, and curative healthcare services in a wide spectrum of setting from home to hospital. In 2016, 92nd report of the department‑related parliamentary standing committee on health and family welfare on the “Functioning of the Medical Council of India” has emphasized the need for postgraduate in family medicine. The committee report has noted that “the medical education system is designed in a way that the concept of family physicians has been ignored. The committee recommends that the Government of India in coordination with State Governments should establish robust PG Programs in Family Medicine and facilitate introduction of Family Medicine discipline in all medical colleges. This will not only minimize the need for frequent referrals to specialist and decrease the load on tertiary care but also provide continuous healthcare for the individuals and families. The successive National Health Policies of Government of India–NHP 2002 and 2017 have emphasized the need of family medicine training in India. The recently enacted National Medical Commission Act 2019 has mandated NMC to promote training in family medicine at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Therefore, in the background of the stated policies of the Government of India the concept of family doctors, which was earlier neglected should be institutionalized within the mainstream medical education system of India. It is now time to accelerate and upgrade family medicine training and thereby strengthen the concept of comprehensive primary care in India. This white paper presents the review of family medicine training in India and proposes a way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on origin of the modern will's formal requirements by tracing its evolution through the Statute of Wills of 1540, Statute of Frauds of 1677, and Wills Act of 1837. It mentions that detailed description of the current state of wills law in California, highlighting and explaining the writing, signature, and attestation requirements. It also mentions that the Uniform Probate Code with the public policy supports harmless error's inclusion of electronic wills.

These instructions give you guidelines for preparing the papers for Annals of the University of Craiova, Economic Sciences Series. These instructions are also formatted as a sample for your paper layout. No fulfillment of these instructions determines the Editorial Board to reject the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of the global economy in the aftermath of COVID-19 faces enormous challenges. Ensuring stable income growth of the population has become an important means for developing countries to ensure sustained economic development. Raising the overall income of the population is a public initiative that benefits all citizens; therefore, governments of developing countries should promote the implementation of relevant public policies and the provision of public goods to ensure that existing economic instruments can benefit the entire population. In this regard, public space, as a typical form of public good, may play an important role in promoting the benefits of existing economic policies for all residents. This paper examines how residents' use of public space contributes to their income growth through social capital. Hypotheses are tested based on an econometric analysis of 1565 questionnaires received from Chinese workers. The results show that residents' use of public space can indeed be an important way to increase their income, which is realized through the enhancement of social capital. The research presented in this paper provides a new influence variable of public space to improve residents' income. Further, it improves people's understanding of the three classical concepts—public space, social capital, and income—by establishing the logical connection and theoretical explanation of physical space, emotional space, and value space in human society. The conclusions of this paper highlight the important role of public space in urban and rural development planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the 2005 Green Paper, titled "Youth Matters," in the United States. Policy development which have shaped youth work; Foundations of good youth work; View by the author that the Green Paper will only succeed if it provides a policy and resourcing framework which enables youth work to flourish.

Examines the 2005 Green Paper, titled "Youth Matters," in Great Britain. Parental involvement; Reward card outlined in the Green Paper; Criticism regarding the lack of cohesion in service delivery; Possible reactions of people involved in youth work.

The article reflects on the monetary and economic history during the independence of Peru taking place between 1820 and 1823. The imperial money system, the Auxiliary Bank of Paper Money in Peru and Peruvian president José de San Martín's influence on these systems are discussed by the author. The traditional Spanish monetary system, its policies and its influences on Peru's monetary system are addressed. The paradox of the money shortages in Peru during José de San Martin's protectorate are described by the author as machines without money.

Comments on the 2005 Green Paper, titled "Youth Matters," in Great Britain. Youth service legacy; Modern concept of a youth service; Reluctance to give youth work and the youth service a statutory footing.

Early childhood development (ECD) refers to the physical, motor, socio-emotional, cognitive, and linguistic development of a young child. The 'Countdown to 2030' global distribution of 'children at risk of poor development' indicates the need for urgent action and investment in ECD. Nurturing care enhances ECD, even in the presence of adversities. Strategic actions should exist at multiple levels: the family, community, health care providers and government. Previously, child health related policies and programs of the Government of India functioned in isolation, but have recently started demonstrating multi-sectoral collaboration. Nonetheless, the status of ECD in India is far from optimal. There is strong evidence that parenting programs improve outcomes related to ECD. This is dependent on key programmatic areas (timing, duration, frequency, intensity, modality, content, etc.), in addition to political will, funding, partnership, and plans for scaling up. Each country must implement its unique ECD program that is need-based and customized to their stakeholder community. Barriers like inadequate sensitization of the community and low competency of health care providers need to be overcome. IAP firmly believes that responsive parenting interventions revolving around nurturing care should be incorporated in office practice. This paper outlines IAP's position on ECD, and its recommendations for pediatricians and policy makers. It also presents the roadmap in partnership with other stakeholders in maternal, neonatal, and child health; Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI), National Neonatology Forum (NNF), World Health Organization (WHO), and United Nation Children Fund (UNICEF) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2013 Defence White Paper places greater emphasis than its predecessors on defence engagement, and begins to link regional security to the defence of Australia itself. It does not explain, however, what Australia has to do to achieve its objectives, or what commitments it would have to enter to do so. Overall, the White Paper moves towards a reinterpretation of 'self-reliance' that focuses more on the way in which Australia would operate in a coalition conflict, but developing a new defence strategy that links force structure, posture and employment to the achievement of Australia's strategic objectives is left to future White Papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to review the literature extensively by analysing recent work and providing a guide for models, data sets and research findings. Design/methodology/approach: This paper reviews the literature extensively by analysing recent work and providing a guide for models, data sets and research findings within the context of capital market imperfections. The authors further break down the literature into closer-in-nature categories for reader's convenience and comprehension. Finally, the authors address gaps in the existing literature and propose government policies that can tone down the potential effect of credit rationing on employment. Findings: This paper provides a map of the literature so as to help future researchers in the relevant literature and give a short insight of what has been explored so far. Originality/value: This paper is original and is the result of a thorough review of an extensive literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the sustainable raw materials that are used for gift wrapping during the Christmas seasons in Great Britain. It mentions that Professor Chris Carr reveals more possibilities that turkey and duck feathers or even sheep droppings may be used to develop Christmas wrapping paper. It also notes the British government's statistics which encourages recycling in the country.

The 2013 White Paper reaffirms the centrality of the US Alliance for Australia. It identifies a number of concrete areas for future cooperation and provides the foundation for developing greater strategic ties with China while remaining firmly anchored in the US camp. It is less clear, however, when it comes to Australia's future contribution to burden-sharing within the Alliance. Putting actions behind the goal to play a greater role in Southeast Asia will be an important litmus test for the alliance relationship. In many ways, the White Paper reflects a phase of re-orientation in the Alliance: away from operations further afield towards the increasing security dynamics in Australia's own region. As the future of China's trajectory-and US-Sino strategic relations—is still very much uncertain, the 'hedging' approach taken White Paper's approach makes sense. What happens if US-Sino strategic relations become more competitive is left to another day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the topic of corruption in South Asia has attracted a great deal of attention, extant research on individual-level factors is sparse. With this background, this paper examines the effect of selected individual-level determinants on South Asian people's justifiability of corruption. For analysis, the paper uses the World Value Survey (WVS) dataset and carries out its own survey as well. Using multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and binomial logistic regression (BLR) as a robustness check, this paper identifies that variables of age, education, religiosity, and individualism/collectivism have significant effects on respondents' corruption justifiability in South Asia. In addition, the paper performs additional analyses independently using two surveys utilized in the main analysis as a single dataset to report the main differences between them. In conclusion, this paper proposes a region-specific suggestion for South Asian governments and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

De Economist is calling for papers for a special issue on "Inequality in the Housing Market." The editors are seeking empirical and theoretical submissions on housing and inequality. The special issue aims to address the interactions between cyclical market developments, government policies, and housing outcomes at the macro and micro level. Topics of interest include the implications of housing for wealth inequality, neighborhood effects and inequality, social rent assistance, homeownership, financial risks in the housing market, housing markets and the growth of cities, telework, pricing in the housing market, intergenerational mechanisms of housing, and housing affordability and energy. The deadline for submission is March 31, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

Governments are increasingly pushing researchers to engage in activities with societal impact, emphasizing the need for research dissemination and engagement with the broader public. This study addresses this imperative by investigating the multifaceted factors that influence social media attention, particularly on Twitter, for scientific research. Using Altmetric data and employing multiple linear regression analysis, this paper explores the determinants of Twitter mentions for research outputs. The study shows that certain factors have a significant impact on the level of engagement. In particular, the presence of research in mainstream news emerges as the most influential factor, highlighting the power of media coverage in increasing research visibility. In addition, research topics that align with highly topical issues, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, also garner significant attention on Twitter. Conversely, the influence of expert recommendations and the consolidation of knowledge in the form of review articles have a relatively weaker impact on Twitter mentions. In addition, this study underscores that public policy references in reports and citations within Wikipedia have limited influence in driving social media attention. Interestingly, mentions in patent applications do not have a significant impact in this context. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of research dissemination in the digital age and sheds light on the nuanced factors that can enhance or diminish its societal impact on Twitter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the "Green Paper on Land Reform," which represents the latest development in land reform in South Africa. It mentions that the fragmented land tenure system resulted from the Apartheid has not been successfully rectified, despite all the developments and legislative efforts. It explores the proposals of the Green Paper that include four-tier system of land tenure, property rights governed by a land administration system, and secure reforms of long-term land tenure.

In recent years, ghostwriting phenomenon has reached a dangerous level in China, partly due to the great ease of making ghostwriting transactions through the internet. However, there has been little literature trying to answer such questions as how many ghostwritten papers are published each year and how much monetary value is generated in the ghostwriting business. In order to answer these questions, we performed an empirical analysis to find the number and monetary value of ghostwritter papers in China. Our results show that there are nearly 1800 full-time equivalent ghostwriters in China who produced nearly 8000 ghostwritten papers in 2011, which is 0.1% of the total number of papers published in the same year in the country. Furthermore, there was a total monetary value of more than 4.46 million US dollars generated in the ghostwriting business in 2011. Our estimated results will provide firm data support for policy-making related to ghostwriting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tests the predictions of various conflicting theories on international trade and development by examining the impact of exporting and importing on economic level and basic needs in two developing countries of two different developing regions of the world; one in Latin America & Caribbean, and one in Sub-Saharan Africa. The two countries are Brazil and South Africa, respectively. Using fifteen-year lagged data that spanned 1984-2019, the paper finds that exporting tends to have negative and significant impact on both economic level and social basic needs in these two countries. Importing, on the other hand, was found to have positive and significant impact on economic level, and social basic needs in both countries. Implications of these findings for public policy and international trade theory development are discussed, and directions for future research are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the impact of digital transformation (DT) on new business creation in the case of European Union member states over the period 2015-2020 by employing several econometric techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and quantile regression (QR). The results of OLS regression indicate a positive and significant link between DT and entrepreneurial activity. However, the quantile regression results highlight a parameter heterogeneity in the effect of DT on entrepreneurial activity. Furthermore, the magnitude of the impact is greater at the higher size quantiles of the new business density distribution. Overall, the empirical findings highlight the key role of DT in developing public policies aimed to spur entrepreneurial activity. Thus, this paper brings significant contributions to the extant literature on the macro determinants of firm creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

16 Wahl, B., Germann, C.-G.A., S., et al. (2018), "Artificial intelligence (AI) and global health: how can AI contribute to health in resource-poor settings?" Artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT)/Internet of Everything, blockchain and Big Data are expected to disrupt public and private sectors in Asian countries. It has three possibilities: cutting-edge technology will certainly make changes (technological determinism), People/organizations and cutting-edge technology can make changes (sociotechnical perspective), or only people/organizations can make changes (organizational or social determinism). The paper F " I Smart technologies challenges and issues in social inclusion: case of disabled youth in a developing country i " examines how smart technologies promote the social inclusion of disabled people in Lebanon. [Extracted from the article]

The article examines the laws concerning electronic voting machines in the U.S. Topics discussed include voting rights, the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in cases concerning voting;' the government efforts for organizing secure and fair elections act; women's suffrage laws in the country; and the electronic voting machine.

The article offers the author's insights on the search of New Zealand for a comfortable relationship with the U.S. under the collective security agreement Australian, New Zealand, and U.S. (ANZUS) treaty. Topics discussed include the prohibition of nuclear-armed vessels by former New Zealand Prime Minister David Lange, the vision of diplomat Alan Watt, and the global diplomacy with Washington, District of Columbia.

The article discusses the mechanics of interventions announced and implemented by South Africa's President Jacob Zuma, focusing on the "Green Paper on land Reform 2011." Topics include the legal aspects linked to land tenure in general and sub-programmes, the restructuring of South African Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, and land tenure security legislation and policy. It suggests that the mechanics of intervention still need further engineering.

In 2006, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiated the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) as part of the NIH Roadmap Initiative, in order to improve the conduct and impact of NIH's clinical and translational research portfolio. The CTSA program is intended not only to transform the training programs and research infrastructure at individual academic institutions, but also to create a nation-wide collaborative consortium to transform the biomedical research enterprise. In January 2009, the NIH CTSA National Consortium adopted Strategic Goals to maximize the CTSAs' impact on the Nation's healthcare and health. Of these, the CTSA Strategic Goal 4 is to promote the translation of the results of clinical and translational research into practice and public policy. To advance this goal, a committee was constituted to focus on the organization and development of the CTSA Consortium's comparative effectiveness research (CER) capacity, an increasingly important component of research translation into practice and policy. This Committee's Workgroups took on a number of deliverables in service of this objective, including producing this White Paper on how the CTSA Consortium might best facilitate CER, for NIH's Institutes and Centers (ICs), other Federal agencies, outside stakeholders, and the healthcare system overall. This White Paper offers some specific suggestions for how the CTSA Consortium might support this emerging and crucial national effort to generate, synthesize, and disseminate CER in order to improve healthcare decision-making and health outcomes. Important points of reference for this White Paper are two Congressionally mandated reports on CER released at the end of June 2009, one by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and another by the Federal Coordinating Council for CER (FCC-CER). The definitions of CER by each report, and their recommendations for the CER enterprise, are highly germane to the purpose of this CTSA Consortium White Paper. The CER definition used in the IOM Report was, "The generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care. The purpose of CER is to assist patients, clinicians, purchasers, policy makers, and the public to make informed decisions that will improve health care at both the individual and population levels."… [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

To level the playing field in employment, the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities require state parties to ensure the provision of reasonable accommodation in the workplace. The international literature shows that barriers to workplace accommodation (WA) provision arise during recruitment, hiring, and retention. In this paper, we complement prior research by examining how WA is represented in policy documents targeting disability and employment in Norway over the past 50 years. Bacchi's policy analysis framework inspired the analysis and discussion. The analysis reveals a pattern over three time periods: 1) segregation, including the state applying a holistic approach and responsibility for WA; 2) integration, including an activation approach stimulating employer responsibility; and 3) inclusion, including holding employers more responsible. The results lead us to ask whether too much financial responsibility and work-inclusion efforts to increase employment among disabled people are currently left up to employers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]