1,204 results
Search Results
2. Trends in female authorship in research papers on eating disorders: 20-year bibliometric study
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Cynthia M. Bulik and Mattias Strand
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Observation period ,education ,Declaration ,Specialty ,MEDLINE ,medicine.disease ,Shire ,humanities ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Eating disorders ,0302 clinical medicine ,Papers ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Gender gap ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
BackgroundThere is a clear gender gap in scientific authorship. Although the proportions of female authors in medicine and psychiatry have increased over the past decades, women are still underrepresented.AimsTo analyse authorship gender trends in eating disorder research.MethodFirst and last author gender in research articles on eating disorders during the period 1997–2016 were assessed in eating disorder specialty journals, high-impact psychiatry journals and high-impact clinical psychology journals.ResultsThe total number of papers on eating disorders increased substantially over the observation period, although a decrease was observed in high-impact psychiatry journals. Female authorship increased in both specialty journals and high-impact psychiatry journals. Authors were significantly less likely to be female in high-impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals than in speciality journals.ConclusionsEating disorder research has been increasingly allocated to specialty journals over the past 20 years. A consistent gender gap between specialty and high-impact journals exists.Declaration of interestC.M.B is a grant recipient from Shire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and has participated as a member of their scientific advisory board. These positions are unrelated to the content of this article.
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- 2018
3. The gender gap in voluntary turnover
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Artz, Benjamin
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- 2024
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4. CLADAG 2021 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS AND SHORT PAPERS
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Gianpaolo Zammarchi, Stefano Moro, Federico Marotta, Paolo Vidoni, Maurizio Carpita, Greta Panunzi, Daniela Silvia Pace, Stefano PELUSO, Arnaud Sallaberry, Peter Van der Heijden, and Antonino Abbruzzo
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Geography ,Covariate ,Demographic economics ,Gender gap - Abstract
The book collects the short papers presented at the 13th Scientific Meeting of the Classification and Data Analysis Group (CLADAG) of the Italian Statistical Society (SIS). The meeting has been organized by the Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications of the University of Florence, under the auspices of the Italian Statistical Society and the International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS). CLADAG is a member of the IFCS, a federation of national, regional, and linguistically-based classification societies. It is a non-profit, non-political scientific organization, whose aims are to further classification research.
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- 2021
5. The Glass Ceiling and the Paper Floor: Gender Differences among Top Earners, 1981–2012
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Fatih Guvenen, Greg Kaplan, and Jae Song
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Top earners ,Glass ceiling ,Gender gap ,Paper floor ,Industry ,sense organs ,jel:E25 ,jel:J31 ,jel:G10 ,jel:E24 - Abstract
We analyze changes in the gender structure at the top of the earnings distribution in the United States over the last 30 years using a 10% sample of individual earnings histories from the Social Security Administration. Despite making large inroads, females still constitute a small proportion of the top percentiles: the glass ceiling, albeit a thinner one, remains. We measure the contribution of changes in labor force participation, changes in the persistence of top earnings, and changes in industry and age composition to the change in the gender composition of top earners. A large proportion of the increased share of females among top earners is accounted for by the mending of, what we refer to as, the paper floor - the phenomenon whereby female top earners were much more likely than male top earners to drop out of the top percentiles. We also provide new evidence at the top of the earnings distribution for both genders: the rising share of top earnings accruing to workers in the Finance and Insurance industry, the relative transitory status of top earners, the emergence of top earnings gender gaps over the life cycle, and gender differences among lifetime top earners.
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- 2014
6. Portraits of Labor Market Exclusion 2.0 : Country Policy Paper for Croatia
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Ovadiya, Mirey and Vandeninden, Frieda
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LABOR MARKET ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,GENDER GAP ,SOCIAL INCLUSION ,CHILDCARE ,LABOR FORCE SURVEY ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,LABOR LAW ,ELDERCARE ,LABOR MOBILITY ,WOMEN IN LABOR FORCE ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR POLICY - Abstract
This report is a joint study between the European Commission (EC), the World Bank, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It aims to inform employment support, activation, and social inclusion policy making, through an improved understanding of labor-market barriers. Covering 12 countries, the study builds on the previous joint EC and World Bank study to map the diversity of profiles of individuals who are out of work in six countries (Sundaram et al., 2014) and other analyses that characterize individuals with labor market difficulties (European Commission, 2012; Ferré et al., 2013; Immervoll, 2013). The study expands the previous analysis by looking at a broader group of labor market vulnerable beyond the out of work individuals to include: those in unstable employment, those with restricted hours, and those with near-zero incomes (i.e. individuals who are marginally employed). It also refines the analytical methodology by applying an employment barriers framework to facilitate policy making and country-specific application, and to provide a reference point for future methodological extensions.
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- 2017
7. Portraits of Labor Market Exclusion 2.0 : Country Policy Paper for Romania
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Isik-Dikmelik, Aylin, Millan, Natalia, and Ovadiya, Mirey
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LABOR MARKET ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,GENDER GAP ,YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ,CHILDCARE ,LABOR FORCE SURVEY ,ELDERCARE ,WOMEN IN LABOR FORCE ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,LABOR LAW ,EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR POLICY - Abstract
This is a joint study between the European Commission (EC), the World Bank, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which aims to inform employment support, activation, and social inclusion policy making, through an improved understanding of labor-market barriers.
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- 2017
8. The real losers during times of economic crisis: evidence of the Korean gender pay gap
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Patterson, Louise and Benuyenah, Vic
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- 2021
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9. On the management of retirement age indexed to life expectancy: a scenario analysis of the Italian longevity experience
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Coppola, Mariarosaria, Russolillo, Maria, and Simone, Rosaria
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- 2020
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10. On the unexplained causes of the gender gap in the labour market
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Castellano, Rosalia and Rocca, Antonella
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- 2020
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11. Learning the Hard Way: Masculinity, Place, and the Gender Gap in Education. By Edward W. Morris. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2012. Pp. vii+212. $26.95 (paper)
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Michael Schwalbe
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Sociology and Political Science ,Masculinity ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Media studies ,Gender studies ,Sociology ,Gender gap ,media_common - Published
- 2013
12. The Rise of Women: The Growing Gender Gap in Education and What It Means for American Schools. By DiPrete and Claudia Buchmann. New York: The Russell Sage Foundation. 2013. Pp. 296. $37.50, paper
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Giovanni Peri
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Economics and Econometrics ,History ,History of Social Sciences ,History and Philosophy of Specific Fields ,Applied Economics ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Foundation (engineering) ,Gender studies ,Sociology ,Gender gap ,Econometrics ,Gender Equality - Published
- 2014
13. Employment protection and gender gap : Evidence from a reform of the Italian labor market regulation system
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Ordine, Patrizia, Rose, Giuseppe, and Vella, Gessica
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- 2020
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14. The gender gap in first authorship of research papers
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Kathryn M. Rexrode
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Alternative medicine ,Medical school ,MEDLINE ,Gender studies ,General Medicine ,Original research ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Currency ,Publishing ,030225 pediatrics ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Gender gap ,business ,Parity (mathematics) - Abstract
Parity of authorship should be a priority for journals, universities, and funding agencies Women have been attending medical school in numbers equal to or greater than those of men since 1996 in the United Kingdom,1 and in nearly equal numbers in the United States since 2003.2 However, despite parity in medical school admissions, substantial gender differences in rank and leadership remain in academic medicine. The progress of women attaining first and senior authorship of original research publications, the currency of success for promotion in academic medicine, will directly translate into equity of academic advancement for women in the future. In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.i847),3 Filardo and colleagues examined the prevalence of female first authorship among original research articles published over the past two decades (1994-2014) in six high impact general medical journals. This study is notable for its rigor, examining six issues a year for all selected journals throughout the 20 year study period and using online searches of authors to identify gender in those with ambiguous names. The authors report some good news—an …
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- 2016
15. Gender gap in rice productivity: evidence from Vietnam
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Van Tran, Thi Kieu, Elahi, Ehsan, Zhang, Liqin, Bui, Van Huyen, Pham, Quang Trung, Tran, Thuy Duong, Ta, Thi Lien, and Hassan, Munawar
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- 2019
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16. Narrowing the Gender Gap. By Geeta Somjee . New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. xvi, 155 pp. $45.00. - Daughters of Independence: Gender, Caste and Class in India. Joanna Liddle and Rama Joshi. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1989. viii, 262 pp. $35,000 (cloth); $15.00 (paper). - Status of Single Women in India; A Study of Spinsters, Widows and Divorcees. By N. S Krishnakumari. Joint Women's Programme Publication. New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House, 1987. 191 pp
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Joanna Liddle, Michelle Maskiell, Rama Joshi, N. S. Krishnakumari, and Geeta Somjee
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Cultural Studies ,History ,Class (computer programming) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Caste ,Gender studies ,Sociology ,Gender gap ,Independence ,media_common - Published
- 1990
17. Impact of the Pandemic on Gender Differences in Scientific Publication Authorship Among Turkish Adult Cardiologists.
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Koçyiğit, Duygu, Tokgözoğlu, Lale, and Kayıkçıoğlu, Meral
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Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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18. Female corporate leadership in Latin America and the Caribbean region : Representation and firm-level outcomes
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Flabbi, Luca, Piras, Claudia, and Abrahams, Scott
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- 2017
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19. Gender gap in upward mobility: what is the role of non-cognitive traits?
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Chu, Yu-Wei Luke and Linz, Susan
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- 2017
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20. Gender equality legislation and foreign direct investment : Evidence from the labour market of Taiwan ROC
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Lai, Yu-Cheng and Sarkar, Santanu
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- 2017
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21. Rekha Wazir. The Gender Gap in Basic Education: NGOs as Change Agents. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000. Indian Rs 225.00 (Paper), Rs 395.00 (Cloth) 286 pages
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Rashida Haq
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SAGE ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Basic education ,New delhi ,Sociology ,Gender gap ,Development ,Social science - Abstract
In the Constitution of India in 1951 it was set out that… “the State shall endeavour to provide within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years”. But at the turn of the century nearly 424 million are still illiterate while it is estimated that nearly 35 million children in the age of 6-10 years age group are still out of school. The statistics for female education make even more dismal reading. Although the field of education is considered to be the prime responsibility of the State yet there is mushrooming growth of non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The impact of these NGOs is rarely reflected in overall educational performance and their approach is seldom transferred to the mainstream.
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- 1999
22. The gender gap in political psychology.
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Lönnqvist, Jan-Erik
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Introduction: I investigated the authorship gender gap in research on political psychology. Methods: The material comprises 1,166 articles published in the field's flagship journal Political Psychology between 1997 and 2021. These were rated for author gender, methodology, purpose, and topic. Results: Women were underrepresented as authors (37.1% women), single authors (33.5% women), and lead authors (35.1% women). There were disproportionately many women lead authors in papers employing interviews or qualitative methodology, and in research with an applied purpose (these were all less cited). In contrast, men were overrepresented as authors of papers employing quantitative methods. Regarding topics, women were overrepresented as authors on Gender, Identity, Culture and Language, and Religion, and men were overrepresented as authors on Neuroscience and Evolutionary Psychology. Discussion: The (denigrated) methods, purposes, and topics of women doing research on politics correspond to the (denigrated) "feminine style" of women doing politics grounding knowledge in the concrete, lived reality of others; listening and giving voice to marginalized groups' subjective experiences; and yielding power to get things done for others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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23. Angry men and angry women: gender, system-directed anger and populist radical right voting in Belgium.
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Erzeel, Silvia, Fieremans, Merel, Van Bavel, Anne, Blanckaert, Benjamin, and Caluwaerts, Didier
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RIGHT-wing populism ,VOTING ,RIGHT-wing extremism ,ANGER ,POLITICAL systems ,GENDER inequality - Abstract
Why do men and women vote for the populist radical right? This question, which speaks to the phenomenon of the "radical right gender gap", has been the topic of much scholarly interest. While previous studies refer to the role played by differences in political resources, attitudes, and socialization, this paper examines whether negative emotions towards the political system, and system-directed anger in particular, drive support for populist radical right parties differently for men and women. Drawing on the premise that populist radical right parties tend to appeal to angry voters, and given that acting upon anger is seen as an "agentic" trait, we expect that system-directed anger is more strongly associated with support for populist radical right parties among men compared to women. We test the hypothesis using original data from the RepResent voter survey organized in Belgium during the 2019 federal elections. In line with previous studies, we find that voters of the populist radical right party Vlaams Belang report high levels of system-directed anger. Men and women voters are similar in their display of this emotion, and contrary to our expectations, they are similar in how system-directed anger relates to vote choice as well. More than explaining gender differences in populist radical right voting, our findings confirm the idea that system-directed anger can incite women as well as men to cast a populist radical right vote. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Tajikistan Country Gender Assessment
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World Bank
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GENDER RELATIONS ,MIGRANT ,EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,ELDERLY MEN ,EARLY MARRIAGE ,FEMALE EDUCATION ,EQUAL ACCESS ,EMPLOYMENT ,EARLY MARRIAGES ,EQUALITY OF MEN ,FUTURE GENERATIONS ,GENDER STUDIES ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS ,ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,ECONOMIC RESOURCES ,SKILL DEVELOPMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,MOTHER ,FEMALE STUDENTS ,CULTURAL RIGHTS ,BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ,FERTILITY RATES ,EARNINGS ,INFORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYMENT ,HIV INFECTIONS ,SOCIAL UNREST ,GENDER POLICIES ,PENSIONS ,SHADOW REPORT ,LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,FERTILITY ,SECONDARY EDUCATION ,IMPORTANT POLICY ,ECONOMIC SITUATION ,ELDERLY ,HEALTH RISKS ,ID ,GENDER AWARENESS ,SOCIAL NORMS ,DELIVERY CARE ,POLICY IMPLICATIONS ,RIGHTS OF WOMEN ,MATERNAL MORTALITY ,WOMEN'S AGENCY ,FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS ,ELDERLY WOMEN ,LITERACY RATES ,FINANCIAL LITERACY ,FEMALE EMPLOYMENT ,JOINT LIABILITY ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,EMPLOYEE ,EMPLOYMENT STATUS ,EDUCATIONAL CHOICES ,INTRAVENOUS DRUG USE ,MALE INVOLVEMENT ,STATE SUPPORT ,YOUNG WOMEN ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,NEW BUSINESSES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY ,DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ,ENDOWMENTS ,EQUAL PAY ,SEXUAL INTERCOURSE ,PREGNANCY ,EDUCATION SYSTEM ,HEALTH SYSTEMS ,HOUSEHOLDS ,RESPECT ,CHILDBIRTH ,GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ,SECONDARY SCHOOL ,BUSINESS WORKSHOPS ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,UNION ,HOUSEHOLD POVERTY ,MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,UNDP ,POLITICAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN ,PUBLIC LIFE ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,ENROLLMENT ,INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION ,TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES ,VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ,GENDER EQUALITY ,AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ,CORRUPTION ,HIV ,INCLUSION OF WOMEN ,COVID-19 ,FEMALE WORKERS ,MASS MEDIA ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,SECONDARY ENROLMENT ,COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT ,GENDER ROLES ,MARKET ECONOMY ,RURAL WOMEN ,GENDER ,HUSBANDS ,EDUCATED WOMEN ,GENDER GAP ,UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN ,STATE POLICY ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,LEVELS OF EDUCATION ,WOMEN'S VOICE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,EMPLOYERS ,GENDER ANALYSES ,CORONAVIRUS ,CHILD HEALTH ,UNICEF ,FAMILIES ,LABOR MIGRATION ,HEALTH SYSTEM ,ROLE OF WOMEN ,UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,RURAL HOUSEHOLDS ,GENDER DISPARITIES ,POPULATION GROWTH ,PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY ,WORKING CONDITIONS ,MIGRANTS ,SEXUAL VIOLENCE ,PANDEMIC IMPACT ,PRODUCTIVITY ,WORLD POPULATION ,CIVIL WAR ,ECONOMIC CRISIS ,LABOUR MARKET ,ENROLMENT RATES ,EQUALITY IN EDUCATION ,DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ,CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS ,DISEASES ,MICRO-FINANCE ,GENDER DISCRIMINATION ,VICIOUS CYCLE ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,LIVING STANDARDS ,REPRODUCTIVE ROLES ,ADOLESCENT GIRLS ,GENDER GAPS ,LEGAL ADVICE ,POPULATION STUDY ,SUPPORT FOR WOMEN ,LIVE BIRTHS ,POLITICAL PARTY ,FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,PROGRESS ,LACK OF ACCESS ,SAFETY NET ,LABOR MARKET ,LEGAL RIGHTS ,MORTALITY ,EQUAL RIGHTS ,LACK OF FINANCE ,MATERNAL HEALTH ,GENDER WAGE GAP ,GENDER ASSESSMENT ,NUMBER OF WOMEN ,TERTIARY EDUCATION ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,HEALTH SECTOR ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,INFANT ,HUSBAND ,FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS ,ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ,LABOR MIGRANTS ,DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES ,UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ,FEMALE STAFF ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,NATIONAL STRATEGY ,OLD-AGE ,FEMALE POPULATION ,GENDER STEREOTYPES ,WOMAN ,EQUAL WORK ,GENDER SEGREGATION ,REMITTANCES ,LACK OF COLLATERALS ,UNESCO ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,SEX ,UNITED NATIONS ,POLITICAL DECISION ,AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ,REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN ,MIGRATION ,SOCIAL EXCLUSION ,FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION ,POLICY RESEARCH ,CHILDBEARING ,LIMITED ACCESS ,GENDER ISSUES ,HOUSEHOLD LEVEL ,TERTIARY LEVEL ,JOURNALISTS ,GENDER MAINSTREAMING ,SCHOLARSHIPS ,POLITICAL RIGHTS ,ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION ,INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURS ,LABOR FORCE ,HEALTH SERVICES ,HIV INFECTION ,DISCRIMINATION ,OUTREACH ,DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES ,RELIGIOUS PRACTICES ,FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS ,EXPENDITURE - Abstract
The aim of this report is to provide a broad overview of the current state of gender equality in Tajikistan. While the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region traditionally surpassed many other regions in terms of gender equality, this advantage has been eroding in recent decades. Particularly in Tajikistan, concerns have been raised that men and women have unequally born the consequences of economic, political, and social transitions after independence in 1991. The report examines several dimensions of gender equality both quantitatively and qualitatively. Tajikistan has set up a legal framework that enshrines principles of equality and non-discrimination, but better implementation results require continued efforts. Prevailing social norms and patriarchal systems of decision-making limit women s ability to make effective choices be it at home or at work. The paper is structured along the following lines. The first section introduces the idea of agency that will remain an important issue throughout the report. This is followed by an analysis of disparities in human capital endowment, including health and education. Gender gaps in the Tajik labor market and entrepreneurial activities of men and women are discussed in the fourth and fifth section. The final section concludes with some policy recommendations that might be beneficial for discussions among policy-makers, civil society actors, and development partners.
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- 2021
25. Gender Disparity Among Indian Library and Information Science Professionals: a 20-year sample of publications from 1999-2018.
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Parabhoi, Lambodara, Sahu, Ramani Ranjan, Dewey, Rebecca Susan, and Parabhoi, Damodar
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GENDER inequality ,INFORMATION science ,LIBRARY science ,INFORMATION professionals ,MALE authors ,CITATION networks - Abstract
Gender disparity is present in many research fields including in Library and Information Science (LIS). This paper studied gender disparity among Indian LIS professionals and measure the intellectual output 20 years. The study reviewed 1,195 publications in the LIS field from 1999 to 2018, determining the gender of the first author. An analysis of the publication list determined the yearly contributions of male and female authors, together with the average distributions, yearly citation rates and other metrics, by gender. Across the whole study period, publications first-authored by men outnumbered those by women. Similarly, overall contributions by men were higher than by women. BM Gupta and M Tripathi were the most prolific male and female authors, respectively. "India" was the most common keyword used by both first author genders. "Bibliometrics", "Digital Library", "Scientometrics", "Academic Libraries", "E-resources" and "web 2.0" were the core research areas of both men and women. When journals were divided into national and international scope, articles by men outnumbered those by women on both levels. However, 65% of the articles published by women were in international journals, compared to 58% of the articles published by men (59% overall), suggesting that the quality of work produced by women was comparable to or higher than the quality of work published by men. Consequently, gender parity in Indian LIS publications may be some way off. As such, further research is required to highlight and mitigate the issues experienced by women in academia in order to increase productivity in the LIS field in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
26. I want to break free: the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on work–life balance satisfaction.
- Author
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Alfano, Vincenzo, Mariotti, Ilaria, Marra, Mita, and Vecchione, Gaetano
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The revolution in the organization of work, induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, has had, and will have, some long-lasting consequences on how jobs will be performed, affecting adult life well-being. What we know so far about the determinant of satisfaction for work–life balance may not be valid anymore considering this sudden revolution in work organization. This paper presents an empirical analysis based on a cross-sectional survey of 803 workers in October 2020. Results suggest that the profile that benefits the most from the revolution in work organization is represented by a male, married, public sector worker working remotely and not living in the southern part of Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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27. Gender differences in waterpipe tobacco smoking among university students in four Eastern Mediterranean countries
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Aya Mostafa, Juhan Lee, Justin Thomas, Mohamed Salama, Muhammad W. Darawad, Rima Nakkash, Khalid A. Kheirallah, Randah R. Hamadeh, Ramzi G. Salloum, Afzalhussein Yusufali, and Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh
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Health (social science) ,Younger age ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,hookah ,Positive correlation ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Smoking behavior ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cigarette smoking ,Medicine ,Waterpipe Tobacco ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:RC705-779 ,waterpipe ,youth ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,EMR ,Tobacco control ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Eastern mediterranean ,Gender gap ,0305 other medical science ,business ,shisha ,Research Paper ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction Males have a higher prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) than females in most Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries, with a smaller gender gap than that of cigarette smoking. The objective of this study was to determine gender differences among university students with respect to WTS initiation, smoking behavior, tobacco flavors, and expenditure on WTS, in four EMR countries. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted based on convenient samples of ever waterpipe smokers among university students in four EMR countries (Egypt, Jordan, Occupied Palestinian Territories, and the United Arab Emirates) in 2016. The total samples included 2470 participants. Study participants were invited through flyers, university portals, emails and Facebook, followed by emails with links to the internet survey. Results Females (80.4%) were more likely than males (66.4%, p
- Published
- 2020
28. Gender Gap in Urban Job Market During the Pandemic: The Case of Ukraine.
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Brik, Tymofii and Obrizan, Maksym
- Abstract
Remarkable resistance of Ukraine has become in the world focus starting from the dawn of February 24th, 2022. While policymakers draft plans to address the consequences of the war, it is crucial to understand the pre-war labor market context, risks of joblessness, inequalities, and sources of resilience. In this paper, we study inequality in job market outcomes in 2020–2021 during another global disaster—the COVID-19 epidemic. While there is a growing literature on worsening gender gap for developed countries, not much is known about the situation in transition countries. We fill in this gap in the literature by using novel panel data from Ukraine, which enacted strict quarantine policies early on. Our pooled and random effects models consistently indicate no gender gap in the probability of not working, fearing to lose job or having savings for less than one month. This interesting result of non-deteriorating gender gap can potentially be explained by higher chances of urban Ukrainian women to switch to telecommuting compared to men. Although our findings are limited to urban households only, they provide important early evidence on the effects of gender on job market outcomes, expectations, and financial security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The evaluation of gender income inequality by means of the Gini index decomposition
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Michele Costa and Michele Costa
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Gender gap, Gender income inequality, Inequality decomposition, Gini index ,Index (economics) ,Inequality ,Inequality decomposition ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Gender gap ,Gender income inequality ,Gini index ,SECS-S/01 Statistica ,Measure (mathematics) ,Economic inequality ,Quaderni - Working Paper DSE ,J7 ,Income distribution ,J1 ,Decomposition (computer science) ,Econometrics ,Economics ,ddc:330 ,D63 ,media_common - Abstract
This paper proposes to measure and to evaluate gender gaps and gender inequalities by means of the decomposition of an inequality measure. A three-terms decomposition of the Gini index is applied, thus allowing to take into account also the role of overlapping between female and male subpopulations. We develop an unified framework for the evaluation of gender gap, linking traditional measures, based on subgroups income means, to the approach related to inequality decomposition, and showing how overlapping component represents a key issue in gender gap analysis. An analysis of the income distribution of the Italian households shows how gender gaps represent a major source of inequality, without particular improvements during the last 20 years.
- Published
- 2019
30. Tackling gender disparities in energy research: a diagnostic tool for equality in research centres
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Sánchez-López, Sara, Poveda-Bautista, Rocío, Corona-Sobrino, Carmen, Otero-Hermida, Paula, and García-Melón, Mónica
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- 2024
- Full Text
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31. Multidimensional Deprivation from Labor Market Opportunities in Armenia: Evidence from 2018 and 2020
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Khachatryan, Knar and Grigoryan, Aleksandr
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- 2024
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32. Women Mayors in Slovakia: Spatial Insights.
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Malická, Lenka
- Subjects
WOMEN mayors ,MAYORS ,LOCAL government ,CITIES & towns - Abstract
Women’s underrepresentation in local politics is observed in many countries, including Slovakia, where minor attention is dedicated to this problem. In this paper, the spatial insight into the numeric women representation in Slovak local governments (municipalities) at the position of the mayor in recent 20 years is given to identify the areas where the representation of women mayors is the most evident and how it has evolved in time. Results are projected using maps, where local data for 2,924 municipalities are aggregated to the district level (79 districts at LAU1), and the shares of women mayors among all mayors in a district are displayed for five elections since 2002. The results confirm the increasing trend of women mayors in Slovak municipalities. Besides, the results unveil that the increase of the portion of women mayors is observed firstly in the south-center part and edge northeastern part of Slovakia. These areas are characterized by high fragmentation of residential structure, low GDP per capita, and higher ethnolinguistic fragmentation. Later, the increase of women’s representation in local governments subsequently continued in the southeastern and southwestern parts of Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Frontiers: Inequalities in Dealers' Interest Rate Markups? A Gender- and Race-Based Analysis.
- Author
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Ozturk, O. Cem, He, Cheng, and Chintagunta, Pradeep K.
- Subjects
INTEREST rates ,BLOCK trading ,AUTOMOBILE loans ,GENDER inequality ,CONSUMER credit ,BUSINESS schools ,MONEYLENDERS - Abstract
We document the existence of gender and racial gaps in dealer markups of auto financing interest rates. Most car buyers are unaware that dealers can mark up interest rates for auto loans, the third most prevalent U.S. consumer debt category, beyond the rate dictated by lenders. Dealers can set their markups without considering buyer risk profiles, potentially leading to discrimination. Using individual transaction-level data from a 20% random sample of U.S. car dealers between 2004 and 2015, this paper shows that women and minorities pay a statistically significant 0.6% and 2.6% greater interest rate markup than men and nonminorities, respectively. The racial and gender gaps in dealer markups largely attenuate over time. Additionally, the premia for minorities and women are larger for those buyers in census block groups with lower education levels, those not trading in a car, and those in markets with fewer financial institutions. Although we find no heterogeneity in the racial gap by age and political inclination, the gender gap increases for women who are relatively older and is significant only in majority Republican-voting counties. Our analyses do not provide a precise estimate of the interaction effect between race and gender. Based on the buyer characteristics considered, the most vulnerable group of women (minorities), accounting for 4.7% (8.5%) of car buyers, pay 7.6% (27.9%) more compared with men (nonminorities). The findings inform policymakers and consumers of the gender and racial gaps in auto financing, their underlying mechanisms, and situations most susceptible to unfair lending. History: Catherine Tucker served as the senior editor. This paper was accepted through the Marketing Science: Frontiers review process. Funding: O.C. Ozturk thanks the Darla Moore School of Business research grant program for support. P. K. Chintagunta thanks the Kits Center for Marketing at the University of Chicago for financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2022.0295. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Data literacy ecosystem development framework: Approach for bridging the gender gap in the digital economy of the Western Balkan countries.
- Author
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ZLATKOVSKI, DEJAN, TEMJANOVSKI, RISTE, and CHABUKOVSKI, VANCHO
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,GENDER inequality ,DATA science ,DIGITAL technology ,EDUCATIONAL planning - Abstract
Copyright of Italian Journal of Educational Technology is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Effect of Cardiovascular Comorbidities on Women Compared to Men: Longitudinal Retrospective Analysis
- Author
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Peter Klimek, Nils Haug, Michael Leutner, Carola Deischinger, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, and Elma Dervic
- Subjects
sex differences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,acute myocardial infarction ,Health Informatics ,Disease ,comorbidities ,smoking ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,gender ,medicine ,risk factors ,Myocardial infarction ,Asthma ,Original Paper ,COPD ,diabetes ,business.industry ,chronic ischemic heart disease ,gender gap ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Confidence interval ,cardiovascular diseases ,Computer Science Applications ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background Although men are more prone to developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than women, risk factors for CVD, such as nicotine abuse and diabetes mellitus, have been shown to be more detrimental in women than in men. Objective We developed a method to systematically investigate population-wide electronic health records for all possible associations between risk factors for CVD and other diagnoses. The developed structured approach allows an exploratory and comprehensive screening of all possible comorbidities of CVD, which are more connected to CVD in either men or women. Methods Based on a population-wide medical claims dataset comprising 44 million records of inpatient stays in Austria from 2003 to 2014, we determined comorbidities of acute myocardial infarction (AMI; International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] code I21) and chronic ischemic heart disease (CHD; ICD-10 code I25) with a significantly different prevalence in men and women. We introduced a measure of sex difference as a measure of differences in logarithmic odds ratios (ORs) between male and female patients in units of pooled standard errors. Results Except for lipid metabolism disorders (OR for females [ORf]=6.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]=6.57-6.79, OR for males [ORm]=8.31, 95% CI=8.21-8.41), all identified comorbidities were more likely to be associated with AMI and CHD in females than in males: nicotine dependence (ORf=6.16, 95% CI=5.96-6.36, ORm=4.43, 95% CI=4.35-4.5), diabetes mellitus (ORf=3.52, 95% CI=3.45-3.59, ORm=3.13, 95% CI=3.07-3.19), obesity (ORf=3.64, 95% CI=3.56-3.72, ORm=3.33, 95% CI=3.27-3.39), renal disorders (ORf=4.27, 95% CI=4.11-4.44, ORm=3.74, 95% CI=3.67-3.81), asthma (ORf=2.09, 95% CI=1.96-2.23, ORm=1.59, 95% CI=1.5-1.68), and COPD (ORf=2.09, 95% CI 1.96-2.23, ORm=1.59, 95% CI 1.5-1.68). Similar results could be observed for AMI. Conclusions Although AMI and CHD are more prevalent in men, women appear to be more affected by certain comorbidities of AMI and CHD in their risk for developing CVD.
- Published
- 2021
36. Building a Territorial Working Group to Reduce Gender Gap in the Field of Artificial Intelligence.
- Author
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Gibert, Karina and Valls, Aida
- Subjects
GENDER inequality ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,GENDER - Abstract
The gender gap (both at vocational and professional sides) in Artificial Intelligence (AI), and scientific and technological fields in general, is one of the most critical challenges that the current digital society must solve. This paper describes the proposal of the gender commission donesIAcat to create a gender working group formed by Catalan AI scientists and professionals who work in a network for bridging this gap. The main objectives for letting girls know that they can study and work in the AI field are presented in this paper. A general methodological framework is proposed, following the internal organization of the Catalan group donesIAcat. Several key actions are explained and classified into six blocks. A relevant contribution of the paper is the definition of the guidelines required to build a territorial network-based structure capable of launching several AI-related activities targeting people at different stages of their life. The activities done at donesIAcat illustrate the possible outcomes of the proposed methodology and show successful initiatives to engage girls in technology and AI. The paper shows the validity of this model for small homogeneous territories where activities can be suitable for the different cities in the region. Proximity is one of the advantages of such a model and one of the reasons for its success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The effect of the COVID-19 disruption on the gender gap in students' performance: a cross-country analysis.
- Author
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Bertoletti, Alice, Biagi, Federico, Di Pietro, Giorgio, and Karpiński, Zbigniew
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,ACHIEVEMENT gap ,GENDER inequality ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress - Abstract
Background: This paper investigates how the COVID-19 school closure has affected the gender gap in grade-8 students' performance and what are the drivers behind this. By analysing four different countries (i.e., the Russian Federation, Slovenia, Uzbekistan and the United Arab Emirates), the paper represents the first study addressing the issue from a comparative perspective. Methods: The study uses data from the Responses to Educational Disruption Survey (REDS) survey, which comprises international comparable data on how students approached remote learning during the COVID-19 disruption. The extent of the gender gap is estimated by employing an ordered logit model, while the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) decomposition method is used to analyse the different potential channels that could account for the gender gap during COVID-19. Results: The empirical results reveal that, during the COVID-19 school closure, girls tended to perceive changes in their learnings less favourably than boys, both in terms of improvement in self-perceived learning and self-reported improvement in grades—with odds of a more affirmative response between 20 and 25% lower for girls relative to boys. The main drivers explaining this gender gap are physical activity and psychological distress of students during the COVID-19 disruption, as well as the perceived family climate. Conclusions: The paper shows systematic gender differences in how students perceived their educational outcomes changed due to the COVID-19 disruption, providing evidence on the factors driving these differences. The findings could be employed to design policy actions aimed at increasing gender equality in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. THE GENDER GAP IN UNIVERSITY-TO-INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER ENGAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF TOURISM ACADEMIA IN POLAND.
- Author
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Olszewski, Marcin and Bednarska, Marlena A.
- Subjects
GENDER inequality ,KNOWLEDGE transfer ,TOURISM education ,EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the paper is twofold: to identify the gender gap in tourism academia in Poland and to explore gender-related differences in knowledge commercialisation activities among tourism academics. Method. The results are based on an empirical study conducted in 2018 among 76 scientists involved in tourism research. The data analysis involved descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. Findings. Research revealed that women are under-represented in senior tourism academia positions in Poland and that there is imbalance in entrepreneurial self-confidence to the disadvantage of women. But contrary to hypotheses, women in Polish tourism academia turned out to be over-represented among scientists sitting in governing bodies of scientific and industrial organisations as well as among scientists involved in knowledge transfer activities to industry. Research and conclusions limitations. The sample size is relatively small, therefore, generalisation of the findings beyond the specific context of this research is restricted. Practical implications. The study emphasizes the importance of developing practices that promote academic gender equity, in particular, those that remove systemic barriers which restrain women's capacity to reach senior academic positions. Originality. The paper addresses the knowledge gap in tourism studies pertaining to gender disparities in academia, which remains an under-researched phenomenon and requires further investigation. Type of paper. Research article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Big Game: giocando si impara la cybersicurezza.
- Author
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Ferraro, Gaspare, Montegiove, Sonia, and Prinetto, Paolo
- Abstract
Copyright of Mondo Digitale is the property of Italian Association for Informatics & Automatic Calculation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
40. Researching the Gap: Women in Latin American Political Science.
- Author
-
Goldfrank, Benjamin and Welp, Yanina
- Subjects
EVIDENCE gaps ,POLITICAL science ,WOMEN college teachers ,GENDER inequality ,WOMEN editors ,FIRST Nations of Canada - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Politics in Latin America is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The Gender Gap in the Visegrád Group Countries Based on the Luxembourg Income Study.
- Author
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Jędrzejczak, Alina and Trzcińska, Kamila
- Subjects
GENDER inequality ,INCOME distribution ,INCOME inequality ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Copyright of Comparative Economic Research is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Sifting through the Data : Labor Markets in Haiti through a Turbulent Decade (2001-2012)
- Author
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Scot, Thiago and Rodella, Aude-Sophie
- Subjects
GENDER GAP ,INFORMATION ,PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE ,LEVELS OF EDUCATION ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,UNPAID WORKERS ,JOB ,QUALITY OF EDUCATION ,YOUNG PEOPLE ,LABOR CODE ,DRIVERS ,EMPLOYMENT ,WAGE DIFFERENTIALS ,POLICY MAKERS ,POPULATION ,AVERAGE WAGES ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,OUTCOMES ,PRODUCTIVITY ,GENDER INEQUITIES ,WOMEN ,WORKERS ,URBANIZATION ,PRIVATE TRANSFERS ,JOBS ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,POLICY DECISIONS ,LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES ,SERVICE SECTOR ,MALE LABOR FORCE ,ORGANIZATIONS ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,TOTAL EMPLOYMENT ,AGE GROUP ,WORKER ,MARKETS ,LABOR RELATIONS ,PROFIT ,UNEMPLOYED ,FINANCE ,INFORMAL ECONOMY ,PRICES ,WAGES ,EMPLOYMENT USES ,TRANSFERS ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,RURAL AREAS ,SECONDARY EDUCATION ,RETIREMENT ,YOUNG MEN ,AGE GROUPS ,HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ,PROGRESS ,PRODUCTION ,LABOR MARKET ,MALE COUNTERPARTS ,MORTALITY ,LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS ,WAGE STRUCTURE ,UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE ,SMALL BUSINESS ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ,LABOR DEMAND ,SUPPLY ,PROBIT REGRESSION ,LEVEL OF EDUCATION ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,MINIMUM WAGE ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS ,FIRM PERFORMANCE ,OLDER MEN ,FEMALE EMPLOYMENT ,RURAL EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ,NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT ,LABOR SURVEYS ,EMPLOYEE ,WAGE DISTRIBUTION ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE ,LABOUR ,EMPLOYMENT INCREASE ,CITIZENS ,EARTHQUAKE ,ACCOUNTING ,NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,AVERAGE WAGE ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ,VALUE ,CHILD LABOR ,LABOR RELATION ,POLICIES ,INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,EMPLOYMENT RATE ,GENDER DIFFERENCES ,POLICY ,UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS ,AIDS ,URBAN DWELLERS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,EFFECTS ,RETAIL TRADE ,SCHOOL QUALITY ,INSURANCE ,JOB OFFER ,EMPLOYEES ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,SERVICE SECTORS ,EQUITY ,MIGRATION ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,POLICY RESEARCH ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,HOUSEHOLD SIZE ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,EMPLOYMENT RATES ,FEMALE LABOR ,EFFECTS OF GENDER ,INEQUITIES ,PAYING JOBS ,PRIMARY SCHOOL ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,WORKFORCE ,HOUSEHOLD LEVEL ,LABOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE ,LABOR MARKET VARIABLES ,ECONOMICS ,WAGE INCREASES ,JOB CREATION ,PRIME AGE ,WAGE INCREASE ,LABOR FORCE ,AGGLOMERATION EFFECT ,DISCRIMINATION ,ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT ,WAGE GAP ,INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION ,URBAN AREAS ,WORKING-AGE POPULATION ,PUBLICATIONS ,LAW - Abstract
In Latin America, labor markets have been the main channel through which growth has reduced poverty, with higher labor income accounting for 49 percent of the reduction in poverty in 2008–13. Understanding labor markets is critical to designing policies and programs aimed at reducing poverty. With close to 70 percent of the population under age 30 years, labor markets are bound to be central to defining Haiti's future. Yet, labor analysis in Haiti has been constrained by the dearth of data and the focus on measuring the impact of the 2010 earthquake. This present paper contributes to filling this gap by providing an overview of Haiti's labor markets and the determinants of labor income over a decade, focusing on growing urban areas. The paper also contributes to the research on Haiti in general, as well as labor markets in fragile countries such as Haiti, in particular through an unprecedented effort to harmonize three household surveys conducted between 2001 and 2012. Building on this exercise, the study provides new insights into the development of labor markets in a particularly turbulent decade for Haiti, one that was marked by the political crisis of 2004 and the earthquake of 2010. In spite of the earthquake, the analysis shows that Haiti’s labor markets are characterized by continuity over the period. Somewhat surprisingly, the defining features remain overall unchanged in spite of the shock, pointing to heavy forces shaping economic and labor dynamics.
- Published
- 2016
43. When Do Gender Wage Differences Emerge? A Study of Azerbaijan's Labor Market
- Author
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Pastore, Francesco, Sattar, Sarosh, Sinha, Nistha, and Tiongson, Erwin R.
- Subjects
GENDER GAP ,UNION MEMBERS ,SELF-ESTEEM ,LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES ,CHILD HEALTH ,SKILL LEVEL ,TRAINING PROGRAMS ,JOB ,EDUCATIONAL LEVELS ,EARLY MARRIAGE ,YOUNG PEOPLE ,SELF-EMPLOYED ACCOUNT ,DRIVERS ,FIRM SIZE ,EMPLOYMENT ,WAGE DIFFERENTIALS ,EARLY MARRIAGES ,YOUNG ADULTS ,POLICY MAKERS ,PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY ,POPULATION ,health care economics and organizations ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,P30 ,MATERNITY SERVICES ,PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL ,NUMBER OF CHILDREN ,PLACE OF RESIDENCE ,AGE DISTRIBUTION ,WOMEN ,WORKERS ,JOBS ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,TEENAGERS ,MOTHER ,LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE ,OLDER AGE GROUPS ,OCCUPATION ,LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES ,UNION MEMBERSHIP ,GENDER DISCRIMINATION ,KIDS ,LABOR SUPPLY ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,TOTAL EMPLOYMENT ,INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION ,AGE GROUP ,WORKER ,WAGE GROWTH ,CHILD-BEARING ,LABOR RELATIONS ,UNEMPLOYED ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,LABOUR SUPPLY ,PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES ,decomposition analysis ,JOB MATCHES ,RURAL AREAS ,JOB SECURITY ,SECONDARY EDUCATION ,MARRIED WOMEN ,EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ,YOUNG MEN ,AGE GROUPS ,HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ,PROGRESS ,ADULT WOMEN ,IMPORTANT POLICY ,LABOR MARKET ,MALE COUNTERPARTS ,J15 ,JOB SEARCH ,J16 ,MATERNITY LEAVE ,J13 ,PREVIOUS ONE ,YOUNG ADULT ,FIRST MARRIAGE ,school-to-work transitions ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,AGED WORKERS ,YOUNG AGE ,POLICY IMPLICATIONS ,EARNING ,J7 ,JOB TRAINING ,TERTIARY EDUCATION ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,LEVEL OF EDUCATION ,EMPLOYMENT SHARE ,earnings equations ,LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE ,WAGE PREMIUM ,IMMIGRANT ,BIG CITY ,NATIONAL POPULATION ,J24 ,EMPLOYMENT OFFICES ,LABOR SURVEYS ,WAGE DISTRIBUTION ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICE ,LABOUR ,WAGE RATES ,WAGE INEQUALITY ,YOUNG WOMEN ,J31 ,AVERAGE WAGE ,MARRIAGE ,early labor market outcomes ,gender wage gap and dynamics ,JOB DISSATISFACTION ,WOMAN ,JOB FAIRS ,DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ,POLICIES ,WAGE EMPLOYMENT ,DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ,GENDER DIFFERENCES ,POLICY ,ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PROGRAMS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,EMPLOYEES ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,RESPECT ,I21 ,INTERNATIONAL POLICY ,TRAINING ,MIGRATION ,YOUNG WORKERS ,POLICY RESEARCH ,CHILD BIRTH ,CHILD CARE ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,CHILDBEARING ,HOUSEHOLD SIZE ,FEMALE LABOR ,TEENAGE WOMEN ,ddc:330 ,GROSS WAGE ,PAYING JOBS ,PRIMARY SCHOOL ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,LABOR ,WORKFORCE ,VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ,FAMILY FORMATION ,MARITAL STATUS ,GENDER EQUALITY ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,PRODUCTIVE SECTOR ,PREVIOUS DISCUSSION ,PRIME AGE ,WORK EXPERIENCE ,LABOR FORCE ,MANPOWER ,DISCRIMINATION ,VOCATIONAL TRAINING ,EMPLOYMENT SERVICES ,WAGE GAP ,URBAN AREAS ,TRAINING TYPE ,FAMILY INCOME ,ON-THE-JOB TRAINING - Abstract
Building on recent analyses that find a sizeable overall gender wage gap in Azerbaijan's workforce, this paper uses data on young workers in their early years in the labor market to understand how gender wage gaps evolve over time, if at all. The paper uses a unique database from a survey of young people ages 15–29 years. The analysis provides evidence that new labor market entrants begin with little or no gender differences in earnings, but a wage gap gradually emerges over time closer to the childbearing years. The gender wage gap grows from virtually zero, or even a small, positive gap in favor of women, until age 20 years, to about 20 percent two years later and even more than 30 percent at age 29 years. The gap in labor supply rises from almost zero to about 20 percent during the years from 19 to 22, while the gap in hours worked falls from positive (up to six hours per week more than their male counterparts) to negative (up to five hours per week less) over the same period in the life cycle. When decomposing the gap at different deciles of the wage distribution, it appears that most of it is at the lower and upper ends of the distribution, among young adults and prime-age workers. Selection of women into employment is strong and strongly skill-based: when controlling for sample selection bias, the gender gap becomes positive.
- Published
- 2016
44. Collaboration enhances career progression in academic science, especially for female researchers.
- Author
-
van der Wal, Jessica E. M., Thorogood, Rose, and Horrocks, Nicholas P. C.
- Subjects
EDUCATORS ,GENDER ,GENDER inequality ,FEMALES ,SIZE of fishes - Abstract
Collaboration and diversity are increasingly promoted in science. Yet how collaborations influence academic career progression, and whether this differs by gender, remains largely unknown. Here, we use co-authorship ego networks to quantify collaboration behaviour and career progression of a cohort of contributors to biennial International Society of Behavioral Ecology meetings (1992, 1994, 1996). Among this cohort, women were slower and less likely to become a principal investigator (PI; approximated by having at least three last-author publications) and published fewer papers over fewer years (i.e. had shorter academic careers) than men. After adjusting for publication number, women also had fewer collaborators (lower adjusted network size) and published fewer times with each co-author (lower adjusted tie strength), albeit more often with the same group of collaborators (higher adjusted clustering coefficient). Authors with stronger networks were more likely to become a PI, and those with less clustered networks did so more quickly. Women, however, showed a stronger positive relationship with adjusted network size (increased career length) and adjusted tie strength (increased likelihood to become a PI). Finally, early-career network characteristics correlated with career length. Our results suggest that large and varied collaboration networks are positively correlated with career progression, especially for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Backlash by Men against the Socio-Economic and Political Promotion of Women in Europe.
- Author
-
Parth, Anne-Marie
- Subjects
POLITICAL attitudes ,GENDER inequality ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,MULTILEVEL models ,CULTURAL policy - Abstract
The gender gap in voting for far-right parties is significant in many European countries. While most studies focus on how men and women differ in their nationalist and populist attitudes, it is unknown how the socio-economic and political promotion of women is associated with the gender gap in far-right political orientation. The following paper compares the effect of four different spheres of gender equality on this gender gap. By estimating multilevel logit models for more than 25 European countries and testing the mechanism via a socially conservative attitude toward gendered division of work, I find that the visible field of representation in particular—measured by the share of women in parliament and women on boards—is associated with a gender gap in far-right orientation. This paper contributes to the literature in two important ways: first, it combines policy feedback with cultural backlash theory, enlarging the scope of both theories; second, it demonstrates the importance of gender equality policies for the study of the far-right gender gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Women’s Police Stations and Domestic Violence : Evidence from Brazil
- Author
-
Perova, Elizaveta and Reynolds, Sarah
- Subjects
GENDER GAP ,GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION ,CHILDREN ,HEALTH SYSTEM ,POLICY MAKERS ,CRIMES ,POPULATION ,SEXUAL VIOLENCE ,IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION ,WOMEN ,HOUSES ,URBAN WOMEN ,POLICE OFFICERS ,CRIME ,FEMALE ,MOTHER ,DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,DISEASES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,POPULATIONS ,FORMS OF VIOLENCE ,HEALTH ,WAR ,TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ,VIOLENCE ,PARTNERS ,DEATHS ,ADOPTION ,POLICE FORCE ,AGE AT MARRIAGE ,SHADOW REPORT ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,NATIONAL PRIORITY ,INHERITANCE ,SCHOOLS ,SEXUAL ABUSE ,AGE ,DOMESTIC PARTNER ,INTIMATE PARTNER ,RAPE ,QUALITY CONTROL ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,RURAL AREAS ,YOUNGER WOMEN ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,PROGRESS ,HOUSE ,IMPORTANT POLICY ,BATTERED WOMEN ,MARRIAGES ,MORTALITY ,SOCIAL NORMS ,POLICY GOALS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT ,SERVICES ,HEALTH PROFESSIONALS ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,VICTIM ,YOUNG AGE ,ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ,VICTIMS ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,HEALTH SECTOR ,OLDER WOMEN ,POLICY CONCERN ,SOCIAL IMPACT ,HUSBAND ,EQUALITY ,FEMALES ,FAMILY MEMBERS ,FAMILY HOME ,COURT ,CIVIL CONFLICT ,WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ,PARTNER RELATIONSHIPS ,INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ,ACCIDENTS ,YOUNG WOMEN ,RESIDENCE ,INTIMATE PARTNERS ,MARRIAGE ,FATHER ,WILL ,FEMALE VICTIM ,WOMAN ,JUDGE ,DEATH ,ACCESS TO JUSTICE ,NATIONAL PLAN ,POLICIES ,DOMESTIC ABUSE ,POLICY ,FAMILY PLANNING ,FAMILY ,JUSTICE ,ELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,SEX ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,RESPECT ,COURTS ,NATIONAL POLICY ,PUBLIC POLICY ,FEWER CHILDREN ,POLICY RESEARCH ,LEGISLATION ,DRUGS ,KNOWLEDGE ,VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE ,HOME ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,ABUSE ,YOUNG AGE AT MARRIAGE ,WIFE ,DIVORCE ,ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIPS ,VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ,MALE ,GENDER EQUALITY ,PARTNER ,EXPERIENCE OF ABUSE ,ACTS OF VIOLENCE ,LABOR FORCE ,LAWS ,POPULATION DENSITY ,AUTONOMY OF WOMEN ,GENDER ,HUSBANDS ,HOSPITAL ,LAW - Abstract
Although women’s police centers have been gaining popularity as a measure to address domestic violence, to date no quantitative evaluations of their impacts on the incidence of domestic violence or any other manifestations of gender equality have been done. This paper estimates the effects of women’s police stations in Brazil on female homicides, as a measure of the most severe form of domestic violence. Given that a high fraction of female deaths among women ages 15 to 49 years can be attributed to aggression by an intimate partner, female homicides appear the best available proxy for severe domestic violence considering the scarcity of data on domestic violence. The paper uses a panel of 2,074 municipalities and takes advantage of the gradual rollout of women’s police stations from 2004 to 2009, to estimate the effect of establishing a women’s police station on the municipal female homicide rate. Although the analysis does not find an association on average, women’s police stations appear to be highly effective among some groups of women: women living in metropolitan areas and younger women. Establishing a women’s police station in a metropolitan municipality is associated with a reduction in the homicide rate by 1.23 deaths per 100,000 women (which roughly amounts to a 17 percent reduction in the average homicide rate in metropolitan municipalities). The reduction in the homicide rate of women ages 15 to 24 is even higher: 5.57 deaths per 100,000 women. Qualitative work suggests that better economic opportunities and less traditional social norms in metropolitan areas may explain the heterogeneous impacts of women’s police stations in metropolitan areas and outside them.
- Published
- 2015
47. Teachers’ self-perception of scientific competences: a gender approach.
- Author
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Garcés-Gómez, Yeison Alberto, Alzate, Valentina Cadavid, Rodríguez Ortiz, Angélica María, and Lara Escobar, Rubén Darío
- Subjects
SELF-perception ,TEACHER training ,STEM education ,EDUCATIONAL equalization ,SCIENCE education ,LIKERT scale - Abstract
This study analyses the self-perception of 274 teachers from public, urban, and rural schools in Manizales, Colombia, using a Likert scale instrument developed considering the scientific competencies determined by UNESCO. In the analysis of the results, it was found that, even though in the sample analyzed, women have greater training in research and scientific competencies, their perception of their abilities in this aspect is lower than that of men. With the Mann-Whitney U test and rank-biserial correlation, it was possible to test the alternative hypothesis that the female self-perception of capabilities is lower than the male for each question. The instrument was validated with the internal consistency index with an α=0.98. Additionally, the instrument has been validated with a confirmatory factor analysis, obtaining values of comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.869 and Tucker-Lewis’s index (TLI) of 0.858 with RMSEA and SRMR of 0.103 and 0.063, respectively. The paper provides insights into the self-perception of scientific competencies among teachers, which can inform teacher training and professional development programs. The study highlighted the gender gap in self-perception of scientific competencies, which can inform policies and interventions to promote gender equity in science education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Does FDI encourage female labor force participation? Evidence from Arab countries.
- Author
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Irandoust, Manuchehr
- Subjects
LABOR supply ,WOMEN'S employment ,LABOR demand ,SUSTAINABILITY ,FOREIGN investments ,JOB creation ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on women's labor force participation in 14 Arab countries from 1991 to 2021. Theoretically, FDI supports gender equality by creating more jobs for women, providing them with better working conditions, and increasing their wages relative to those provided by local firms. It also does this via increasing the demand for labor and technological spillovers. Unlike previous studies, we utilize likelihood-based panel cointegration and multivariate analysis to examine cointegration between the variables, considering cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. The results demonstrate that FDI inflows boost women's participation in the labor force in nearly half of the sample countries. Policywise, the findings imply that FDI inflows can assist central governments in achieving better gender development and equality through either higher female labor demand or sustainable labor practices and gender-equal norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. What drive financial inclusion gender gap in Cameroon? A Fairlie decomposition approach.
- Author
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Ndoya, Hermann, Tsala, Charly, and Kamguia, Brice
- Subjects
FINANCIAL inclusion ,GENDER inequality ,WOMEN in higher education ,DECOMPOSITION method ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
Based on a Fairlie decomposition method, this paper analyzes the drivers of gender gaps in financial inclusion in Cameroon. We use Finscope 2017 data for Cameroon and assess six distinct financial inclusion variables grouped into two dimensions mainly, access to and use of financial products and services. Our results show that there is a gap in all indicators of access to and use of financial products and services in favor of men. The results also show that the largest contributor to the gender gap in access to financial products and services is income, with more than 50% of the contribution, whereas the largest contributor to the gender gap in the use of financial products and services is education with an average contribution of more than 35%. Based on the above findings, decision‐makers in Cameroon must conduct economic policies toward facilitating equitable access to education, by providing incentives to attract women to gain higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Women's Participation in Wikipedia: Cross-Border Balkan Perspective.
- Author
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Ratković, Nebojša and Madžarević, Ivana
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,DEMOCRACY ,GENDER differences (Psychology) ,FOCUS groups - Abstract
Copyright of Área Abierta is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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