2,847 results
Search Results
2. The Horace Mann Bond Papers: A Biography of Change
- Author
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Norton, Rita
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. [Debate on the paper by Maio et al].
- Author
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Pinheiro L
- Subjects
- Ethnicity, Humans, Latin America ethnology, Prejudice, Black People, Health Policy, International Cooperation, Pan American Health Organization
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Placing Papers Update: The Black and Latino Experience in the Literary Archive Market.
- Author
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Chen, Amy Hildreth
- Subjects
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BLACK people , *HISPANIC American students , *HISPANIC Americans , *ARCHIVES , *RESEARCH libraries , *INTERNATIONAL trade disputes , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
Placing Papers: The American Literary Archive Market (University of Massachusetts Press, 2020) discussed the post–World War II trade in authors’ papers. One finding of Placing Papers was how well Black writers did on the market as measured by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) rank of their papers’ housing institutions and the frequency with which Black authors were paid for their materials. However, this boon for Black writers only occurred once colleges and universities sought to improve the diversity of their holdings. In this update to Placing Papers, the author expands her data set to include more authors of color to verify her original findings for Black writers and determine the comparative success of Latino authors. The study determined that while Black writers indeed do just as well or better than white authors on the archive market, Latino writers remain understudied and undercollected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. "Sensible of Being Étrangers": Plots and Identity Papers in "Banjo"
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Chalk, Bridget T.
- Published
- 2009
6. South African Black Teachers and the Academic Paper Chase
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De Vries, Peter
- Published
- 1989
7. "My Life's Philosophy": Adam Clayton Powell's "Black Position Paper"
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Pollock, Art
- Published
- 1974
8. Are Black and White Vernaculars Diverging? Papers from the NWAVE XIV Panel Discussion
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Fasold, Ralph W., Labov, William, Vaughn-Cooke, Fay Boyd, Bailey, Guy, Wolfram, Walt, Spears, Arthur K., and Rickford, John
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Comment on Papers by Reid, Ransom and Sutch, and Higgs
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Wright, Gavin
- Published
- 1973
10. Overview on papers presented at the Second International Interdisciplinary Conference on Hypertension in Blacks.
- Author
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Saunders E
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Hypertension etiology, Hypertension mortality, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Black People, Hypertension epidemiology
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Comments on "Educational Policy, Community Participation, and Race," A Paper by W. M. Phillips, Jr.
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Beverly,, Sherman
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. THE CONGRESS OF AFRIKAN PEOPLE: A POSITION PAPER
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BARAKA, AMIRI
- Published
- 1975
13. Position Paper
- Published
- 1968
14. Papers of the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery
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Wilkinson, Norman B.
- Published
- 1944
15. Non-White scientists appear on fewer editorial boards, spend more time under review, and receive fewer citations.
- Author
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Liu, Fengyuan, Rahwan, Talal, and AlShebli, Bedoor
- Subjects
EDITORIAL boards ,BLACK people ,DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics ,RACIAL inequality ,RACE ,NEWSPAPER editors - Abstract
Disparities continue to pose major challenges in various aspects of science. One such aspect is editorial board composition, which has been shown to exhibit racial and geographical disparities. However, the literature on this subject lacks longitudinal studies quantifying the degree to which the racial composition of editors reflects that of scientists. Other aspects that may exhibit racial disparities include the time spent between the submission and acceptance of a manuscript and the number of citations a paper receives relative to textually similar papers, but these have not been studied to date. To fill this gap, we compile a dataset of 1,000,000 papers published between 2001 and 2020 by six publishers, while identifying the handling editor of each paper. Using this dataset, we show that most countries in Asia, Africa, and South America (where the majority of the population is ethnically non-White) have fewer editors than would be expected based on their share of authorship. Focusing on US-based scientists reveals Black as the most underrepresented race. In terms of acceptance delay, we find, again, that papers from Asia, Africa, and South America spend more time compared to other papers published in the same journal and the same year. Regression analysis of US-based papers reveals that Black authors suffer from the greatest delay. Finally, by analyzing citation rates of US-based papers, we find that Black and Hispanic scientists receive significantly fewer citations compared to White ones doing similar research. Taken together, these findings highlight significant challenges facing non-White scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Patients Given Take Home Medications Instead of Paper Prescriptions Are More Likely to Return to Emergency Department.
- Author
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Sarangarm, Dusadee, Sarangarm, Preeyaporn, Fleegler, Melissa, Ernst, Amy, and Weiss, Steven
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AGE distribution , *BLACK people , *DRUG prescribing , *ETHNIC groups , *HOSPITAL emergency services , *INSURANCE , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MARRIAGE , *MEDICAL appointments , *MEDICAL care , *MEDICAL care use , *PATIENTS , *PUBLIC welfare , *PHYSICIAN practice patterns , *DISCHARGE planning , *PATIENT readmissions , *DATA analysis software , *ELECTRONIC health records , *ODDS ratio - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the 30-day emergency department (ED) return rate between patients given a Take Home Medication pack (THM) versus a standard paper prescription (SPP) prior to discharge. Methods: This was an observational, prospective cohort study in an urban, university-affiliated, level I trauma center. Patients were identified through daily pharmacy reports. Consecutive adult patients discharged from the ED with either a THM or equivalent SPP were included. For each patient, baseline characteristics including age, gender, primary care provider (PCP), primary language, ethnicity, marital status, and insurance status were recorded from the electronic medical record (EMR). Review of the EMR was used to determine whether patients returned to the ED within 30 days and whether the return visit was for all-causes or for the same complaint targeted by the THM or SPP from the index visit. Similarly, visits to other providers in the health system within 30 days were recorded. Results: A total of 711 patients were included in the study, with 268 receiving a THM and 443 receiving a SPP. In comparison with the SPP group, the THM group was more likely to have an all-cause return (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.7, P < .01). Variables associated with increased odds of returning to the ED within 30 days included study group (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 1.7), male gender (aOR: 1.6), African American ethnicity (aOR: 3.0), public insurance (aOR: 3.3), and institutional financial assistance (aOR: 5.0). The difference between study groups for index visit complaint-specific returns was not significant. Conclusions: Patients receiving a THM demonstrated a higher all-cause return rate than patients receiving a SPP. A randomized study is needed evaluating the effect of THM on return ED visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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17. [Debate on the paper by Maio et al]
- Author
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Leticia, Pinheiro
- Subjects
Latin America ,Pan American Health Organization ,Health Policy ,International Cooperation ,Ethnicity ,Black People ,Humans ,Prejudice - Published
- 2010
18. Navigating the cultural adaptation of a US-based online mental health and social support program for use with young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males in the Northern Territory, Australia: Processes, outcomes, and lessons.
- Author
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Opozda, Melissa J., Bonson, Jason, Vigona, Jahdai, Aanundsen, David, Paradisis, Chris, Anderson, Peter, Stahl, Garth, Watkins, Daphne C., Black, Oliver, Brickley, Bryce, Canuto, Karla J., Drummond, Murray J. N., Miller Jr., Keith F., Oth, Gabriel, Petersen, Jasmine, Prehn, Jacob, Raciti, Maria M., Robinson, Mark, Rodrigues, Dante, and Stokes, Cameron
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EDUCATION of Torres Strait Islanders ,SOCIAL media ,HUMAN services programs ,MENTAL health services ,MENTAL health ,GENDER identity ,GROUP identity ,RESEARCH funding ,MEDICAL care ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,CULTURE ,MASCULINITY ,INTERNET ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,BLACK people ,ONLINE education ,MATHEMATICAL models ,CURRICULUM planning ,SOCIAL support ,HEALTH promotion ,COLLEGE students ,THEORY ,WELL-being - Abstract
Background: Despite disproportionate rates of mental ill-health compared with non-Indigenous populations, few programs have been tailored to the unique health, social, and cultural needs and preferences of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males. This paper describes the process of culturally adapting the US-based Young Black Men, Masculinities, and Mental Health (YBMen) Project to suit the needs, preferences, culture, and circumstances of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males aged 16–25 years in the Northern Territory, Australia. YBMen is an evidence-based social media-based education and support program designed to promote mental health, expand understandings of gender and cultural identities, and enhance social support in college-aged Black men. Methods: Our adaptation followed an Extended Stages of Cultural Adaptation model. First, we established a rationale for adaptation that included assessing the appropriateness of YBMen's core components for the target population. We then investigated important and appropriate models to underpin the adapted program and conducted a non-linear, iterative process of gathering information from key sources, including young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males, to inform program curriculum and delivery. Results: To maintain program fidelity, we retained the core curriculum components of mental health, healthy masculinities, and social connection and kept the small cohort, private social media group delivery but developed two models: 'online only' (the original online delivery format) and 'hybrid in-person/online' (combining online delivery with weekly in-person group sessions). Adaptations made included using an overarching Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing framework and socio-cultural strengths-based approach; inclusion of modules on health and wellbeing, positive Indigenous masculinities, and respectful relationships; use of Indigenous designs and colours; and prominent placement of images of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male sportspeople, musicians, activists, and local role models. Conclusions: This process resulted in a culturally responsive mental health, masculinities, and social support health promotion program for young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males. Next steps will involve pilot testing to investigate the adapted program's acceptability and feasibility and inform further refinement. Keywords: Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, Indigenous, Australia, male, cultural adaptation, social media, mental health, masculinities, social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Understanding the Emotional Toll of Racial Violence on Black Individuals' Health.
- Author
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Quesne, Julien
- Subjects
RACE discrimination ,BLACK people ,RACE ,EARLY death ,MENTAL health - Abstract
This paper discusses the pivotal role emotions can play in the higher prevalence of disease and mortality in Black populations in North America. There is a large body of research on the potentially harmful effect of negative emotions upon physical well-being. However, many scholars continue to interpret this link via a biological and reactive lens of emotion. By largely disentangling the embodiment of emotions from the traditional biological framework to which they are typically tied, we seek to analyze the nexus of race, emotion, and health through political, historical, and even ontological lenses. This analysis leverages Barrett's theory of constructed emotion to elucidate the tangible impact of emotion on physical well-being and, in conjunction with Afropessimist metatheory on race, the potential contribution to understanding premature mortality among Black populations in North America. Barrett's theory offers insight into how the persistent experience of negative emotions related to race can disrupt the delicate balance of an individual's body-budget. The detrimental impact of White supremacy's affective classifications and associated emotion concepts on Black populations is a stark reality, contributing significantly to daily health challenges faced by these communities in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Seroepidemiology of HTLV-I in relation to that of HIV-1 in the Gauteng region, South Africa, using dried blood spots on filter papers
- Author
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James McIntyre, S. P. Parker, Maureen B. Taylor, H. H. Crewe-Brown, and W. D. Cubitt
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Male ,Epidemiology ,Population ,Blotting, Western ,Black People ,Virus ,White People ,Serology ,South Africa ,Neonatal Screening ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,HIV Seroprevalence ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Seroprevalence ,Humans ,education ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,virus diseases ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,HTLV-I Infections ,Europe ,Infectious Diseases ,biology.protein ,HIV-1 ,Female ,Viral disease ,Antibody ,business ,Sentinel Surveillance ,Research Article - Abstract
The seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), in relation to that of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), was determined in a comparative unlinked anonymous antenatal and neonatal (for indirect measurement of maternal antibodies) serosurvey in the Gauteng region of South Africa, using dried blood spots (DBS) and modified particle agglutination assays. Samples were confirmed to be antibody positive by western blot. A total of 2582 DBS collected during 1993 and 1994 from subjects of African, European and coloured origin were tested. Ten were confirmed as positive for HTLV-I and 128 for HIV-1. No antibodies to HTLV-I or HIV-1 were demonstrated in the 221 women of European and coloured origin who were screened. The HTLV-I seroprevalence rate in subjects of African origin appeared to increase from 0% in 1993 to 0.49% in 1994, while HIV-1 seroprevalence rates of 5.2% and 5.4% were recorded for 1993 and 1994 respectively. No significant differences in HTLV-I and HIV-1 seroprevalence rates were noted for the two areas investigated. These results indicate that HTLV-I should be included in infection control programs, and provide baseline data for monitoring the possible spread of HTLV-I in the heterosexual population in this region.Dried blood spots and modified particle agglutination assays were used to determine the seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in relation to that of HIV-1 in an unlinked antenatal survey conducted in South Africa's Gauteng region. Of the 2582 serosamples collected in 1993-94, 1259 were obtained from pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at Soweto's Baragwanath Hospital and 1323 were prepared from cord blood (for indirect measurement of maternal antibodies) of infants delivered in Pretoria. Western blot analysis confirmed that 10 samples were positive for HTLV-I and 128 were positive for HIV-1. No antibodies to either infection were noted in the 221 women of European and Colored origin included in the screening. From 1993 to 1994, the HTLV-I seroprevalence rate among African women screened increased from 0% to 0.49% while that for HIV-1 increased from 5.2% to 5.4%. Seroprevalence rates in the Gauteng region in 1994 were 0.44% and 5.0%, respectively. These findings suggest that HTLV-I should be included in infection control programs in South Africa.
- Published
- 1996
21. Use of a Web-based Questionnaire in the Black Women's Health Study.
- Author
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Russell, Cordelia W., Boggs, Deborah A., Palmer, Julie R., and Rosenberg, Lynn
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AGE distribution ,ANALYSIS of variance ,BLACK people ,COST control ,LONGITUDINAL method ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,SURVEYS ,WOMEN ,WORLD Wide Web ,CONTENT mining ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The authors assessed the utility and cost-effectiveness of using a World Wide Web-based questionnaire in a large prospective cohort study, the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS). In 1995, 59,000 African-American women were recruited into the BWHS through a paper questionnaire. Follow-up paper questionnaires have been mailed every 2 years since then. During the 2003, 2005, and 2007 questionnaire cycles, participants were given the option of completing a Web-based questionnaire. The cost of developing and processing a returned paper questionnaire was 4 times that of a returned Web questionnaire, primarily because of return postage costs and greater processing time for paper questionnaires. The proportion of respondents who completed a Web questionnaire doubled from 2003 to 2007, from 10.1% to 19.9%, but the characteristics of those completing the Web questionnaire remained the same. Web response was greatest at younger ages (20.9% of those aged <30 years) and declined with age to 3.6% among women aged 60 years or more. Web questionnaires were filled out more completely than paper questionnaires, regardless of the sensitivity of a question. The use of a Web questionnaire in the BWHS resulted in cost savings and more complete responses. Although there are advantages to using a Web questionnaire, the use of multiple means of soliciting questionnaire responses is still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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22. Also Known as Alonzo Jones
- Published
- 2003
23. Some Evidence on Race, Welfare Reform, and Household Income
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Bitler, Marianne P., Gelbach, Jonah B., and Hoynes, Hilary W.
- Published
- 2003
24. My Journey in Researching Depression among Black People: Experiences of a Researcher in a Sensitive Study.
- Author
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Kgatla, Lesedi
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BLACK South Africans ,BLACK people ,RESEARCH personnel ,SOUTH Africans ,PSYCHIATRIC research ,BLACK children - Abstract
The interest in qualitative research on mental health within Black communities is rapidly growing. However, there are still debates on the conceptualization of depression among the Black community. This paper focuses on the researcher's experiences as a young Black South African experiencing depression, and their reflections on interpretivist qualitative research focused on the realities of Black South African youth experiencing depression. The paper highlights the importance of reflexivity in a qualitative study and how the topics researched by a Black South African experiencing depression which is still considered a taboo within some parts of the Black community. If a researcher is part of the population, it can be a disadvantage because they hold certain perceptions about this studied phenomenon based on their personal experiences. However, this paper argues that personal experiences and other intersecting social factors are important in research, especially on vulnerable and marginalized groups, to create more critical reflections in qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Edgar B. Stern: A White New Orleans Philanthropist Helps Build a Black University
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Richardson, Joe M.
- Published
- 1997
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26. Albert W. Dent: A Black New Orleans Hospital and University Administrator
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Richardson, Joe M.
- Published
- 1996
27. Joining the Black Overclass at Yale University
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Gates, Henry Louis
- Published
- 1996
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28. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Volume XI, The Caribbean Diaspora, 1910-1920.
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Sullivan, Frances Peace
- Subjects
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BLACK people , *NONFICTION - Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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29. A Knowledge Synthesis of Anti‐Black Racism in Accounting Research*†.
- Author
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Ufodike, Akolisa, Egbe, Inya, Ogharanduku, Bridget Efeoghene, and Akinyemi, Temitope Edward
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ANTI-Black racism ,LITERATURE reviews ,RACE discrimination ,BLACK people ,RACIALIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Accounting Perspectives is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Patient and public involvement and engagement with underserved communities in dementia research: Reporting on a partnership to co‐design a website for postdiagnostic dementia support.
- Author
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Di Lorito, Claudio, Griffiths, Sarah, Poole, Marie, Kaviraj, Chandrika, Robertson, Martin, Cutler, Neil, and Wilcock, Jane
- Subjects
TREATMENT of dementia ,PSYCHIATRY ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,RESEARCH ,SOCIAL support ,PATIENT participation ,CAREGIVERS ,HUMAN research subjects ,MINORITIES ,PATIENT selection ,BLACK people ,RURAL conditions ,COMMUNITIES ,DEMENTIA patients ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,RESEARCH funding ,LGBTQ+ people ,WEB development ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Introduction: Despite the advancements in Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE), the voices of traditionally underserved groups are still poorly reflected in dementia research. This study aimed to report on a PPIE partnership between academics and members of the public from underserved communities to co‐design Forward with Dementia—Social Care, a resource and information website supporting people receiving a dementia diagnosis. Methods: The PPIE partnership was set up in four stages: 1–identifying communities that have been under‐represented from PPIE in dementia research; 2—recruiting PPIE partners from these communities; 3—supporting PPIE partners to become confident to undertake their research roles and 4—undertaking research co‐design activities in an equitable fashion. Results: To address under‐representation from PPIE in dementia research we recruited seven PPIE partners from Black, Asian and other minority ethnic groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer+ communities; remote/rural area; religious minorities and partners living with rare forms of dementia. The partners met regularly throughout the project to oversee new sections for the study website, refine existing content and promote the website within their communities. Conclusion: Strategies can be used to successfully recruit and involve PPIE partners from underserved communities in co‐design activities. These include networking with community leaders, developing terms of reference, setting out 'rules of engagement', and investing adequate resources and time for accessible and equitable involvement. These efforts facilitate the co‐design of research outputs that reflect the diversity and complexity of UK contemporary society. Patient or Public Contribution: This study received support from seven members of the public with lived experience of dementia from communities that have been traditionally underserved in dementia research. These seven members of the public undertook the role of partners in the study. They all equally contributed to the study design, recruitment of participants, development and revision of topic guides for the interviews and development of the website. Three of these partners were also co‐authors of this paper. On top of the activities shared with the other partners, they contributed to write independently of the academic team the section in this paper titled 'Partners' experiences, benefits and challenges of the partnership'. Further, they provided input in other sections of the paper on a par with the other (academic) co‐authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Critical Social Research and the Academy: The Role of Organic Intellectuals in Educational Research
- Author
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Siraj-Blatchford, Iram
- Published
- 1995
32. Researching Powerful People from a Feminist and Anti-Racist Perspective: A Note on Gender, Collusion and Marginality
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Neal, Sarah
- Published
- 1995
33. Psychological state, family functioning and coping strategies among undergraduate students in a Nigerian University during the COVID-19 lockdown
- Author
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OJEWALE, LUCIA YETUNDE
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Universities ,Depression ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Black People ,Nigeria ,Anxiety ,Young Adult ,Family functioning ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Communicable Disease Control ,Humans ,Female ,Family Relations ,Coping ,Students ,Research Paper - Abstract
Summary Introduction The curtailment of social gatherings and the lack of online academic engagement during the COVID-19 lockdown could have potentially damaging effects on the psychological state of university students in Nigerian public universities. This study examined the prevalence of anxiety and depression, including associated factors and coping methods, among undergraduate students. Methods This cross-sectional study, which involved 386 undergraduate students, was assigned approval number UI/EC/20/0242. An online questionnaire consisting mainly of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the McMaster Family Assessment Device was circulated among the students. The results were analysed by means of descriptive statistics, chi-square, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and linear logistical regression, at α 0.05. Results Mean age was 21 ± 2.9 years, with females constituting 60.1% of the sample. The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 41.5 and 31.9%, respectively. Students in health-related faculties were significantly less anxious than others. Inability to afford three square meals, negative family functioning, chronic illness and living in a State/Region with a high incidence of COVID-19 were significantly associated with depression. These factors jointly accounted for 14% of depression. Coping methods included the use of social media, watching movies and participating in online skills-development programs. Conclusion The overall level of anxiety and depression among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 lockdown was higher than the levels previously reported. Inadequate nutrition and poor family functioning contributed significantly to this. Proactive measures ought to be taken to support undergraduate students in order to prevent the negative consequences of poor mental health.
- Published
- 2021
34. The “inverse care law” and infant mortality among Whites and Blacks in the United States
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Ram, Rati
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Ethnic differences in psychosis—Lay epidemiology explanations
- Author
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Maria Kordowicz, Earl Pennycooke, Peter R. Schofield, and David Armstrong
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Male ,Mental Health Services ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ethnic group ,Voluntary sector ,Black People ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,London ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,psychosis ,Healthcare Disparities ,10. No inequality ,Psychiatry ,Minority Groups ,lcsh:R5-920 ,030503 health policy & services ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Stressor ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Focus Groups ,Mental illness ,medicine.disease ,Focus group ,Mental health ,3. Good health ,Disadvantaged ,Original Research Paper ,Caribbean Region ,Psychotic Disorders ,ethnicity ,Female ,epidemiology ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,B990 Subjects Allied to Medicine not elsewhere classified ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Original Research Papers - Abstract
Background Much research attention has been given to the high rates of psychosis diagnosed in the Black community. However, little has been heard about possible reasons for this from Black African and Caribbean mental health service users themselves. Aims To determine how Black African and Caribbean service users perceive and explain these apparent differences. Methods We conducted four focus groups between 2014 and 2015 with 35 participants from the Black African and Black Caribbean community in Lambeth and Southwark, South East London, diagnosed with a psychotic illness. Recruitment was through a local voluntary sector organization and other community contacts. Results Each group described an elevated risk of psychosis in their community and explanations followed the following themes, with increased rates due to: (a) an accumulation of stressors due to disadvantaged ethnic minority status, (b) further disadvantage due to inequitable experiences of mental health services, (c) an absence of community support and (d) a double stigma: as a result of external discrimination, due to ethnicity, and internal stigma about mental illness from within the Black community itself. Conclusions Black mental health service users attributed an elevated risk of psychosis in their community to an accumulation of stressors directly related to ethnic minority status.
- Published
- 2019
36. Staff and participant perceptions of optimal recruitment and retention strategies for biomedical cohort studies in the Caribbean
- Author
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Althea Bailey, Joette A. McKenzie, S Coleman, S Richards, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Ishtar Govia, Kimlin Tam Ashing, and Camille Ragin
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,Jamaica ,Cancer Research ,Biomedical Research ,West Indies ,Best practice ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Black People ,Stakeholder engagement ,Interpersonal communication ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Promotion (rank) ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Qualitative Research ,Aged ,media_common ,Aged, 80 and over ,Caribbean ,Original Paper ,Medical education ,business.industry ,Focus Groups ,Middle Aged ,Focus group ,Caribbean Region ,Retention ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cohort ,Female ,Perception ,Recruitment ,business ,Cohort study ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Purpose To identify staff and participants perspectives of best practices that facilitate achieving enrollment and retention targets in biomedical cohort studies in Caribbean populations. Methods Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with research stakeholders including research (i) nurses/study supervisors, (ii) field staff/data collectors, and (iii) rural and urban participants of the Third Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (a national NCD risk factor survey with biospecimen collection) to capture qualitative data on experiences with recruitment, training, retention challenges and potential solutions or strategies for strengthening future efforts. Results Our findings indicate that trained, experienced study staff with good interpersonal communication skills enhanced the proficiency of field operations and attracted study participants. Targeted community and stakeholder engagement alongside strong support from the coordinating center increased the reach and efficiency of the data collectors. Timely participant feedback, gender-appropriate approaches, and socioeconomic balance enhanced equitable enrollment and retention of participants of cohort studies particularly the hard to reach groups. Conclusion Well-functioning research teams using traditional and social media promotion, applying gender-appropriate and personalized approaches together with strategies for reaching the less accessible socioeconomic groups, are effective for recruiting and retaining members of a Caribbean cohort. These strategies may also enhance the recruitment of other Black populations in the Diaspora including the US and Caribbean into biomedical studies including cancer research.
- Published
- 2021
37. A Snapshot of Social Risk Factors and Associations with Health Outcomes in a Community Sample of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) People in the U.S
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Elizabeth Bacon, Ali Ali, Alyssa Smith, Molly Green, Paul J. Fleming, Ken Resnicow, Stefanie Goodall, Nadia Syed, Minal R. Patel, Asraa Alhawli, and Madiha Tariq
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Black People ,Health status ,Middle Eastern North African ,Social determinants of health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Immigrants ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Mental health ,Health equity ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Mental Health ,Social risk factors ,Social exclusion ,Health disparities ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Social factors (e.g. housing, food security, etc.) contribute significantly to health. The purpose of this study is to describe social risk and social exclusion factors in one of the largest Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations in the U.S. and their association with health outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a community convenience sample of 412 adults who self-identify as MENA. Weighted, adjusted linear regression models were used to examine relationships of interest. Prevalent social risks included transportation barriers to healthcare (33%), food insecurity (33%), and financial strain (25%). In adjusted models, perception of being treated unfairly (Estimate (SE) 0.08 (0.04), p
- Published
- 2021
38. The Black radical imagination: a space of hope and possible futures.
- Author
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Hill-Jarrett, Tanisha G.
- Subjects
DISEASE risk factors ,BLACK people ,IMAGINATION - Abstract
The radical imagination entails stepping outside the confines of the now and into the expansiveness of what could be. It has been described as the ability to dream of possible futures and bring these possibilities back to the present to drive social transformation. This perspective paper seeks to provide an overview of the radical imagination and its intersections with Afrofuturism, a framework and artistic epistemology that expresses the Black cultural experience through a space of hope where Blackness is integral. In this paper, I propose three processes that comprise the radical imagination: (1) imagining alternative Black futures, (2) radical hope, and (3) collective courage. I consider the neural networks that underlie each process and consider how the Black radical imagination is a portal through which aging Black adults experience hope and envision futures that drive social change. I conclude with considerations of what brain health and healing justice looks like for aging Black Americans-- specifically, how invocation of the Black radical imagination may have positive brain health effects for a demographic group at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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39. Racial Differences in the Stability of High Earnings among Young Men
- Author
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Datcher-Loury, Linda
- Published
- 1986
40. Tribalism and Ethnophobia Among Black South Africans.
- Author
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Masuku, Mfundo Mandla and Mlambo, Victor H.
- Subjects
BLACK South Africans ,APARTHEID ,POST-apartheid era ,LITERATURE reviews ,BLACK people ,SOCIAL cohesion - Abstract
The paper examines the consolidation and implications of tribalism and ethnophobia among black South Africans. South Africa is considered a xenophobic country. With the demise of apartheid and the subsequent increase in undocumented migration, tensions began to develop, not only against black foreign nationals but also among black South Africans themselves. This paper focuses on how tribalism and ethnophobia have divided black South Africans and removed the need for unity and social cohesion in a post-apartheid era. This paper employed a qualitative research approach where a literature review was undertaken. The othering theory was used as a theoretical lens. Findings reflect that although South Africa is recognized as a rainbow nation because of its many different cultures and customs, it is hidden beneath ethnic and tribal emotions that have stifled the idea of unity and social cohesion. South Africa is still far from eradicating tribalistic and ethnophobic sentiments amongst its black population. Apart from ethnicity and tribalism, race continues to divide South Africa. The political transition of 1994 lacked effective frameworks to unite the various ethnic groups that were for decades segregated by apartheid; instead, the focus was on building a new South Africa. However, this approach missed the mark by not focusing on the importance of ethnic unity and tolerance among black South Africans. Unless these tribalistic and ethnophobic sentiments are addressed, unity and social cohesion in the South African black community is unlikely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Beliefs that contribute to delays in diagnosis of prostate cancer among Afro‐Caribbean men in Trinidad and Tobago
- Author
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Anne Arber, Sara Faithfull, and Michelle King-Okoye
- Subjects
Paper ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,prediagnosis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Black People ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Afro-Caribbean ,Disease ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Grounded theory ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Early Detection of Cancer ,media_common ,Aged ,Afro‐Caribbean men ,Distrust ,business.industry ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,prostate cancer ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Health promotion ,Trinidad and Tobago ,Caribbean Region ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,Papers ,oncology ,experiences ,business ,Hegemonic masculinity - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore TT men’s pre-diagnosis experiences of prostate cancer (PCa). This study is part of a wider project that examined men and their partners’ experiences of routes to diagnosis for PCa in TT. Methods: Men (n=51) were voluntarily recruited to semi-structured interviews from four centres. Data were analysed following principles of Grounded Theory. Results: Major barriers to medical help-seeking were highlighted as lack of knowledge and awareness of the prostate gland and symptoms of PCa, the digital rectal exam (DRE), PSA, cultural and religious beliefs and hegemonic masculinity norms and non-reporting of bodily changes to GPs. Fear of DRE, distrust in providers and misinterpretation of bodily changes as related to ageing and diabetes mellitus also contributed to delays towards seeking medical help. Men’s interactions with pharmacists and traditional healers lengthened the time taken to consult with Health Care Providers for prostate concerns. Conclusions: TT men’s PCa pre-diagnosis experiences are important to unearth barriers and facilitators to care along routes to diagnosis for this disease. This can help target specific health promotion strategies to motivate men to seek medical care for symptoms in a timely manner.
- Published
- 2019
42. MORE THAN YOU KNOW: The Quiet Art of Whitfield Lovell
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Lovell, Whitfield and Quashi, Kevin
- Published
- 2011
43. DNA methylation profiles unique to Kalahari KhoeSan individuals
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Alexander Goncearenco, M.S. Riana Bornman, Laura Elnitski, Weerachai Jaratlerdsiri, Stephen D. Turner, Brenna A. LaBarre, Vanessa M. Hayes, and Hanna M. Petrykowska
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Illumina methylation array ,epigenome ,Black People ,single nucleotide variants ,Biology ,Methylation ,Khoesan ,complex mixtures ,Genome ,White People ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Nucleotide diversity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Cation Transport Proteins ,Molecular Biology ,Botswana ,Genome, Human ,fungi ,methylation probes ,Epigenome ,DNA Methylation ,030104 developmental biology ,Evolutionary biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,DNA methylation ,CpG Islands ,Human genome ,human activities ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
Genomes of KhoeSan individuals of the Kalahari Desert provide the greatest understanding of single nucleotide diversity in the human genome. Compared with individuals in industrialized environments, the KhoeSan have a unique foraging and hunting lifestyle. Given these dramatic environmental differences, and the responsiveness of the methylome to environmental exposures of many types, we hypothesized that DNA methylation patterns would differ between KhoeSan and neighbouring agropastoral and/or industrial Bantu. We analysed Illumina HumanMethylation 450 k array data generated from blood samples from 38 KhoeSan and 42 Bantu, and 6 Europeans. After removing CpG positions associated with annotated and novel polymorphisms and controlling for white blood cell composition, sex, age and technical variation we identified 816 differentially methylated CpG loci, out of which 133 had an absolute beta-value difference of at least 0.05. Notably SLC39A4/ZIP4, which plays a role in zinc transport, was one of the most differentially methylated loci. Although the chronological ages of the KhoeSan are not formally recorded, we compared historically estimated ages to methylation-based calculations. This study demonstrates that the epigenetic profile of KhoeSan individuals reveals differences from other populations, and along with extensive genetic diversity, this community brings increased accessibility and understanding to the diversity of the human genome.
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- 2020
44. Mineral wealth paradox: health challenges and environmental risks in African resource-rich areas.
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Adu Sarfo E and Tweneboah R
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- Humans, Africa, Particulate Matter, Water, Black People, Minerals
- Abstract
Background: Africa is blessed with vast arable land and enriched with valuable natural resources encompassing both renewable (like water, forests, and fisheries) and non-renewable (such as minerals, coal, gas, and oil). Under the right conditions, a natural resource boom should serve as an important driver for growth, development, and the transition from cottage industry to factory output. However, despite its wealth, Africa is often associated with the notion of a resource curse. Negative outcomes are often linked with mineral wealth. This paper investigates the causes of adverse health outcomes in resource-rich regions. The study provides empirical support for the natural resource curse with particular emphasis on the environmental health risks in Africa. We explore the multifaceted connections among mineral deposits, environmental risks, conflict events and population dynamics, shedding light on the complexities of resource-rich areas., Results: We amalgamate georeferenced data pertaining to 22 specific mineral deposits with information on the prevalence of reliance on compromised infrastructures at a spatial resolution of 0.5 ∘ × 0 . 5 ∘ for all of Africa between 2000 and 2017. Through comprehensive econometric analysis of environmental health risk factors, including reliance on contaminated water sources, open defecation, unimproved sanitation, particulate matter concentration, and carbon concentration, we uncover the intricate pathways through which mineral deposits impact public health. Our findings revealed the significant role of in-migration in mediating environmental health risks. Moreover, we found that the activities of extractive companies amplify certain environmental risks including reliance on unimproved sanitation and practices and particulate matter concentration. Conflict events emerge as a key mediator across all environmental health risks, underlining the far-reaching consequences of instability and violence on both local communities and the environment., Conclusion: The study contributes to the discourse on sustainable development by unraveling the nuanced associations between mineral wealth and health challenges. By drawing attention to the intricate web of factors at play, we provide a foundation for targeted interventions that address the unique environmental and health challenges faced by mineral-rich communities., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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45. Evaluating postcranial macromorphoscopic traits to estimate population variation among modern South Africans.
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Bothma NP, L'abbé EN, and Liebenberg L
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- Adult, Humans, Databases, Factual, Racial Groups, South Africa, White People, Black People, Forensic Anthropology methods
- Abstract
Population overlap and the variation within and among populations have been globally observed but is often difficult to quantify. To achieve this, numerous different methods need to be explored and validated to assist with the creation of an accurate biological profile. The current lack of databases for postcranial macromorphoscopic traits indicates the need to further investigate if the method can be employed repeatably in a forensic context. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of eleven postcranial macromorphoscopic traits in a South African sample. A total of 271 postcrania of adult black, coloured, and white South Africans were assessed. The intra- and inter-observer agreement ranged from fair to almost perfect except for the accessory transverse foramen of C1, which had poor agreement between observers. Only seven traits differed significantly between at least two of the groups. Univariate and multivariate random forest models were created to test the positive predictive performance of the traits to classify population affinity. The classification accuracies for the univariate models ranged from 33.3% to 53.0% and ranged from 54.6% to 62.1% for the multivariate models. Based on the variable importance, the traits assessing spinous process bifurcation were the most discriminatory variables. The results indicate that the postcranial MMS approach does not outperform current methods employed to estimate population affinity. Further research needs to be done for the method to have practical applicability for medicolegal casework in South Africa., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Lightest Lights Against Darkest Darks
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Shank, Jenny
- Published
- 2009
47. How inclusive were UK-based randomised controlled trials of COVID-19 vaccines? A systematic review investigating enrolment of Black adults and adult ethnic minorities.
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Herieka, Hibba, Babalis, Daphne, Tzala, Evangelia, Budhathoki, Shyam, and Johnson, Nicholas A.
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BLACK people ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,COVID-19 vaccines ,VACCINE trials ,MINORITIES ,ETHNICITY - Abstract
Objectives: To establish if Black adults and adult ethnic minorities, defined as any group except White British, were represented in UK-based COVID-19 vaccination randomised controlled trials (RCTs) when compared to corresponding UK population proportions, based on 2011 census data. Design: Systematic review of COVID-19 Randomised Controlled Vaccine Trials Setting: United Kingdom Participants: Randomised Controlled Trials of COVID-19 vaccines conducted in the UK were systematically reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. MeSH terms included "Covid-19 vaccine", "Ad26COVS1", and "BNT162 Vaccine" with keywords such as [covishield OR coronavac OR Vaxzevria OR NVX-CoV2373] also used. Studies that provided (A) participant demographics and (B) full eligibility criteria were included. The following key data was extracted for analysis: number of participants analysed, number of Black adults and number of adult minority ethnicity participants. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: The primary outcome is the mean percentage of Black adults randomised to COVID-19 vaccine trials deemed eligible within this review. The secondary outcome is the mean percentage of adult ethnic minorities randomised. Results: The final review included 7 papers and a total of 87 sets of data collated from trial sites across the UK. The standard mean percentage of Black adults included in the trials (0.59%, 95% CI: 0.13% - 1.05%) was significantly lower compared to the recorded Black adult population (2.67%) indicating that they were under-served in UK based COVID-19 vaccine RCTs (p < 0.001). Adult ethnic minority presence (8.94%, 95% CI: 2.07% - 15.80%) was also lower than census data (16.30%), indicating they were also under-served (p = 0.039). Conclusion: The findings show that COVID-19 vaccine trials failed to adequately randomise proportionate numbers of Black adults and adult minority ethnicities. More inclusive practices must be developed and implemented in the recruitment of underserved groups to understand the true impact of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Known and Unknown "Knowns" of Human Susceptibility to Coccidioidomycosis.
- Author
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Hsu, Amy P.
- Subjects
COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS ,ABO blood group system ,PNEUMOCOCCAL pneumonia ,ERYTHEMA nodosum ,COMMUNITY-acquired pneumonia ,BLACK people - Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis occurs after inhalation of airborne spores of the endemic, dimorphic fungus, Coccidioides. While the majority of individuals resolve the infection without coming to medical attention, the fungus is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the endemic region, and chronic pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease poses significant personal and economic burdens. This review explores the literature surrounding human susceptibility to coccidioidomycosis, including chronic pulmonary and extrapulmonary dissemination. Over the past century of study, themes have emerged surrounding factors impacting human susceptibility to severe disease or dissemination, including immune suppression, genetic susceptibility, sex, pregnancy, and genetic ancestry. Early studies were observational, frequently with small numbers of cases; several of these early studies are highly cited in review papers, becoming part of the coccidioidomycosis "canon". Specific genetic variants, sex, and immune suppression by TNF inhibitors have been validated in later cohort studies, confirming the original hypotheses. By contrast, some risk factors, such as ABO blood group, Filipino ancestry, or lack of erythema nodosum among black individuals, are repeated in the literature despite the lack of supporting studies or biologic plausibility. Using examination of historical reports coupled with recent cohort and epidemiology studies, evidence for commonly reported risk factors is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. "Black person number two": Künstliche Intelligenz ist oft rassistisch und sexistisch. Timnit Gebru hat für Google daran geforscht, diesem Effekt entgegenzuwirken. Bis sie strukturelle Diskriminierungen in der Software fand - und gezwungen wurde, das Unternehmen zu verlassen
- Author
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PRATLEY, ROXY
- Subjects
BLACK people ,HUMAN facial recognition software ,LANGUAGE models - Abstract
The article focuses on Timnit Gebru, an expert in technology and artificial intelligence, who exposed discrimination built into AI at Google and other big tech companies. It mentions she was fired from Google after co-authoring a groundbreaking paper questioning the ethics of "large language AI models" and pointing out racial discrimination within Google's AI systems.
- Published
- 2023
50. Planning faculty development for successful implementation of web‐based instruction
- Author
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Kinuthia, Wanjira
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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