1. Higher dietary intakes of choline and betaine are associated with a lower risk of primary liver cancer: a case-control study
- Author
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Rui-fen Zhou, Hui-Lian Zhu, Gong-Cheng Liao, Qiu-ye Lan, Xiao-lin Chen, Yaojun Zhang, Zhongguo Zhou, and Yu-ming Chen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Science ,Lower risk ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Choline ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Methionine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Betaine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Phosphatidylcholine ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Medicine ,Aged ,Phosphocholine ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Case-control study ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,Diet ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Case-Control Studies ,Population Surveillance ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,business - Abstract
The dietary intake of methyl donors is favorably associated with many diseases, but the findings regarding primary liver cancer (PLC) risk are limited. This study investigated the association between the intake of choline, betaine and methionine and PLC risk in adults. This 1:1 matched case-control study enrolled 644 hospital-based PLC patients and 644 community-based controls who were matched by sex and age, in Guangzhou, China. An interviewer-administered questionnaire and a food-frequency questionnaire were used to collect general information and dietary intake information. Conditional logistic regression showed a significantly inverse association between total choline and betaine intakes and PLC risk. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PLC for the top (vs. bottom) tertile were 0.34 (0.24–0.49; P -trend P -trend = 0.011) for betaine. No significant association was observed between the intake of methionine and PLC risk (P > 0.05). For individual choline compounds, higher consumptions of free choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin were associated with a lower PLC risk (all P-trend P-interactions: 0.488–0.890). Our findings suggest that higher choline and betaine intakes may be associated with a lower risk of PLC.
- Published
- 2017