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1. Prevalence of cervical HPV infection, sexually transmitted infections and associated antimicrobial resistance in women attending cervical cancer screening in Mali

Author

Vincent Calvez, Robert L. Murphy, Laurianne Beauvais-Remigereau, Chad J. Achenbach, Almoustapha Issiaka Maiga, Ibrahima Téguété, Sophie Sayon, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Sonia Burrel, Cécile Bébéar, Mamadou Kampo, Aude Jary, Béatrice Berçot, Mariam Sylla, David Boutolleau, F. Traoré, Younoussa Sidibé, Amadou Kodio, Oumar Dolo, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du PointG [Bamako], Kénédougou Solidarité, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Fondation GlaxoSmithKline (Fondation GSK), Hopital Régional de Tombouctou [Mali], Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Northwestern University [Evanston], Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Chlamydia trachomatis, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Antimicrobial resistance, Mali, medicine.disease_cause, Gonorrhea, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Prevalence, Medicine, Cervical lesions, 030212 general & internal medicine, Early Detection of Cancer, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cervical cancer, biology, HPV infection, General Medicine, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Microbiology (medical), HPV, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, STIs, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Seroprevalence, business.industry, Papillomavirus Infections, HIV, Chlamydia Infections, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, business, Mycoplasma genitalium
Abstract

Objectives To assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), antimicrobial resistance and cervical lesions among women from Sikasso, Mali. Methods Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n=44) and HIV-negative women (n=96) attending cervical cancer screening were included. Screening for human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) was performed using polymerase chain reaction assays, and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1/2) serological status was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Antibiotic resistance tests were performed for MG- and NG-positive cases. Results A high prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection (63%) was found. This was associated with cervical lesions in 7.5% of cases. An unusual distribution was found, with HPV31, HPV56 and HPV52 being the most prevalent. The hrHPV distribution differed by HIV status, with HIV-positive cases having HPV35/31/51-52-56 and HIV-negative cases having HPV31/56/52. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 49%, and the prevalence of other STIs was as follows: CT, 4%; MG, 9%; NG, 1%; and TV, 7%. Five of nine MG-positive specimens and the NG strains obtained were resistant to fluoroquinolone. Conclusions These results showed high prevalence of hrHPV and fluoroquinolone resistance in several NG and MG strains. Further studies are required to confirm these data in Mali, and to improve prevention, screening and management of cervical cancer and other STIs in women.

Published
2021

2. The Impact of Renewing Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Nets in the Event of Malaria Resurgence: Lessons from 10 Years of Net Use in Dielmo, Senegal

Author

Souleymane Doucoure, Nafissatou Diagne, Amélé N. Wotodjo, Cheikh Sokhna, Philippe Parola, Jean Gaudart, Fatoumata Diene Sarr, Maladies infectieuses persistantes et émergentes en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar, Sénégal] (Equipe 3 - VITROME), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center-Ogobara K. Doumbo [Bamako, Mali] (MRTC-OKD), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Dupuis, Christine, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Long lasting, Mosquito Control, Adolescent, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Rate ratio, Disease Outbreaks, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Insecticide-Treated Bednets, Child, Insecticide treated nets, 2. Zero hunger, 1. No poverty, Infant, Articles, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Senegal, Malaria, 3. Good health, Universal coverage, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, Geography, Child, Preschool, Female, Parasitology, Demography
Abstract

International audience; The occurrence of malaria resurgences could threaten progress toward elimination of the disease. This study investigated the impact of repeated renewal of long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) universal coverage on malaria resurgence over a period of 10 years of net implementation in Dielmo (Senegal). A longitudinal study was carried out in Dielmo between August 2007 and July 2018. In July 2008, LLINs were offered to all villagers through universal campaign distribution which was renewed in July 2011, August 2014, and May 2016. Malaria cases were treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Two resurgences of malaria occurred during the 10 years in which LLINs have been in use. Since the third renewal of the nets, malaria decreased significantly compared with the first year the nets were implemented (adjusted incidence rate ratio) (95% CI) = 0.35 (0.15-0.85), during the ninth year after net implementation). During the tenth year of net implementation, no cases of malaria were observed among the study population. The use of nets increased significantly after the third time the nets were renewed when compared with the year after the first and the second times the nets were renewed (P < 0.001). The third renewal of nets, which took place after 2 years instead of 3 years together with a higher use of LLINs especially among the young, probably prevented the occurrence of a third malaria upsurge in this village.

Published
2021

3. Zika Virus Circulation in Mali

Author

Abdoulaye Dabo, Simon Cauchemez, Souleymane Sacko, Bourema Kouriba, Abdoulaye Djimde, Jan Felix Drexler, Anna-Bella Failloux, Pierre Gallian, Abdoul Karim Sangaré, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Issa Diarra, Drissa Coulibaly, Amatigue Zeguime, Xavier de Lamballerie, Nathanaël Hozé, Elif Nurtop, Bakary Fofana, Boris Pastorino, Stéphane Priet, Issaka Sagara, Mahamadou Ali Thera, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Ministère de la Santé et des Affaires Sociales du Mali [Bamako, Mali], Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, German Center for Infection Research, Partnersite Munich (DZIF), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), BUISINE, Soline, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Male, Epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, vector-borne infections, lcsh:Medicine, Blood Donors, Zika Virus Circulation in Mali, Mali, Asymptomatic, Arbovirus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Zika virus, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, medicine, Seroprevalence, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, mosquitoes, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, education.field_of_study, biology, seroprevalence, Transmission (medicine), Zika Virus Infection, Research, lcsh:R, Outbreak, Zika Virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, arbovirus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, medicine.symptom
Abstract

International audience; The circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Mali has not been clearly characterized. Therefore, we conducted a serologic survey of 793 asymptomatic volunteers >15 years of age (2016), and 637 blood donors (2013) to assess the seroprevalence of ZIKV infection in 2 ecoclimatic regions of Mali, tropical savannah and warm semiarid region, using ELISA and seroneutralization assays. The overall seroprevalence was ≈12% and increased with age, with no statistical difference between male and female participants. In the warm semiarid study sites we detected immunological markers of an outbreak that occurred in the late 1990s in 18% (95% CI 13%-23%) of participants. In tropical savannah sites, we estimated a low rate of endemic transmission, with 2.5% (95% CI 2.0%-3.1%) of population infected by ZIKV annually. These data demonstrate the circulation of ZIKV in Mali and provide evidence of a previously unidentified outbreak that occurred in the late 1990s.

Published
2020

4. Clinical evidence of the role of Methanobrevibacter smithii in severe acute malnutrition

Author

Aminata Camara, Salimata Konate, Maryam Tidjani Alou, Aly Kodio, Amadou Hamidou Togo, Sebastien Cortaredona, Bernard Henrissat, Mahamadou Ali Thera, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Didier Raoult, Matthieu Million, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, ANR-10-IAHU-0003,Méditerranée Infection,I.H.U. Méditerranée Infection(2010), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)

Subjects
Male, Molecular biology, Science, Diseases, Pathogenesis, Methanobrevibacter, Mali, Microbiology, Article, Feces, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Child, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Severe Acute Malnutrition, Infant, Newborn, Infant, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Medicine, Dysbiosis, Female, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Abstract Gut microbial dysbiosis has been shown to be an instrumental factor in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and particularly, the absence of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a key player in energy harvest. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether this absence reflects an immaturity or a loss of the microbiota. In order to assess that, we performed a case–control study in Mali using a propensity score weighting approach. The presence of M. smithii was tested using quantitative PCR on faeces collected from SAM children at inclusion and at discharge when possible or at day 15 for controls. M. smithii was highly significantly associated with the absence of SAM, detected in 40.9% controls but only in 4.2% cases (p

Published
2021

5. Gestion des autorisations sensibles au contexte en tant que service basée sur la Blockchain

Author

Mohamed Aymen Chalouf, Tidiane Sylla, Francine Krief, Leo Mendiboure, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Équipe de recherche en Émergence Nouveaux usages et pratiques de la mobilité en Nouvelle Aquitaine (COSYS-ERENA), Université Gustave Eiffel, Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
context-aware security, blockchain, Service (systems architecture), Computer science, Internet of Things, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Access control, Context (language use), TP1-1185, 02 engineering and technology, smart contracts, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Biochemistry, Article, Access token, Analytical Chemistry, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Home automation, ACE-OAuth, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Computer Security, Edge computing, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Authentication, business.industry, Chemical technology, access control, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Usability, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Privacy, authentication, business, Delivery of Health Care, computer
Abstract

International audience; Internet of Things (IoT) applications bring evolved and intelligent services that can help improve users’ daily lives. These applications include home automation, health care, and smart agriculture. However, IoT development and adoption face various security and privacy challenges that need to be overcome. As a promising security paradigm, context-aware security enables one to enforce security and privacy mechanisms adaptively. Moreover, with the advancements in edge computing, context-aware security services can dynamically be placed close to a user’s location and enable the support of low latency communication and mobility. Therefore, the design of an adaptive and decentralized access control mechanism becomes a necessity. In this paper, we propose a decentralized context-aware authorization management as a service based on the blockchain. The proposed architecture extends the Authentication and Authorization for Constrained Environments (ACE) framework with blockchain technology and context-awareness capabilities. Instead of a classic Open Authorization 2.0 (OAuth) access token, it uses a new contextual access token. The evaluation results show our proposition’s effectiveness and advantages in terms of usability, security, low latency, and energy consumption.

Published
2021

6. Rapidly Increasing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence and Limited Clinical Disease in 3 Malian Communities: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Mamady Kone, Mahamadoun H. Assadou, Rathy Mohan, Jacquelyn Lane, Jennifer Kwan, John Woodford, Patrick E. Duffy, Justin Doritchamou, Dominic Esposito, Emily Higbee, Alassane Dicko, Kaitlyn Sadtler, Oumar Attaher, Irfan Zaidi, M'Bouye Doucoure, Issaka Sagara, Amatigue Zeguime, Abdoulaye Katile, Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali] (MRTC), Université de Bamako, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Malbec, Odile, and Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mali, Article, Herd immunity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, West Africa, medicine, Seroprevalence, Cumulative incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, 030304 developmental biology, Subclinical infection, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, seroprevalence, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, Serostatus, business, Demography
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and transmission in Mali and the surrounding region is not well understood, although infection has been confirmed in nearly 14,000 symptomatic individuals and their contacts since the first case in March 2020. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in three Malian communities, and understand factors associated with infection. METHODS: Between 27 July 2020 and 29 January 2021, we collected blood samples along with demographic, social, medical and self-reported symptoms information from residents aged 6 months and older in three study communities at two study visits. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured using a highly specific two-antigen ELISA optimized for use in Mali. We calculated cumulative adjusted seroprevalence for each site and evaluated factors associated with serostatus at each visit by univariate and multivariate analysis. FINDINGS: Overall, 94.8% (2533/2672) of participants completed both study visits. A total of 50.3% (1343/2672) of participants were male, and 31.3% (837/2672) were aged

Published
2021

7. Spatio-temporal analysis and prediction of malaria cases using remote sensing meteorological data in Diébougou health district, Burkina Faso, 2016-2017

Author

D. Sokhna, A. Som eacute, Mady Cissoko, J. Gaudart, Gauthier Tougri, Boukary Ouedraogo, Roch K. Dabiré, Cédric Pennetier, S. Diloma Dieudonn eacute, Alphonsine A. Koffi, Issaka Zongo, Nicolas Moiroux, Cédric S. Bationo, P. Taconet, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ministère de la Santé [Burkina Faso], Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), and Moiroux, Nicolas

Subjects
Wet season, Multivariate statistics, Multivariate analysis, Epidemiology, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, Spatial distribution, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Meteorology, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Burkina Faso, medicine, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Remote sensing, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, 1. No poverty, Outbreak, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Malaria, Geography, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Relative risk, Remote Sensing Technology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

BackgroundMalaria control and prevention programs are more efficient and cost-effective when they target hotspots or select the best periods of year to implement interventions. This study aimed to identify the spatial distribution of malaria hotspots at the village level in Diébougou health district, Burkina Faso, and to model the temporal dynamics of malaria cases as a function of meteorological conditions and of the distance between villages and health centers (HCs).MethodsCase data for 27 villages were collected in 13 HCs using continuous passive case detection. Meteorological data were obtained through remote sensing. Two synthetic meteorological indicators (SMIs) were created to summarize meteorological variables. Spatial hotspots were detected using the Kulldorf scanning method. A General Additive Model was used to determine the time lag between cases and SMIs and to evaluate the effect of SMIs and distance to HC on the temporal evolution of malaria cases. The multivariate model was fitted with data from the epidemic year to predict the number of cases in the following outbreak.ResultsOverall, the incidence rate in the area was 429.13 cases per 1,000 person-year with important spatial and temporal heterogeneities. Four spatial hotspots, involving 7 of the 27 villages, were detected, for an incidence rate of 854.02 cases per 1,000 person-year. The hotspot with the highest risk (relative risk = 4.06) consisted of a single village, with an incidence rate of 1,750.75 cases per 1,000 person-years. The multivariate analysis found greater variability in incidence between HCs than between villages linked to the same HC. The epidemic year was characterized by a major peak during the second part of the rainy season and a secondary peak during the dry-hot season. The time lag that generated the better predictions of cases was 9 weeks for SMI1 (positively correlated with precipitation variables and associated with the first peak of cases) and 16 weeks for SMI2 (positively correlated with temperature variables and associated with the secondary peak of cases). Euclidian distance to HC was not found to be a predictor of malaria cases recorded in HC. The prediction followed the overall pattern of the time series of reported cases and predicted the onset of the following outbreak with a precision of less than 3 weeks.ConclusionsOur spatio-temporal analysis of malaria cases in Diébougou health district, Burkina Faso, provides a powerful prospective method for identifying and predicting high-risk areas and high-transmission periods that could be targeted in future malaria control and prevention campaigns.

Published
2021

8. SETUCOM: Secure and Trustworthy Context Management for Context-Aware Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things

Author

Karim Samaké, Francine Krief, Mohamed Aymen Chalouf, Tidiane Sylla, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
Service (systems architecture), Ubiquitous computing, Science (General), Article Subject, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Computer security, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Q1-390, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Smart city, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Trust management (information system), Hybrid cryptosystem, T1-995, 0101 mathematics, Information exchange, Technology (General), Context management, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 010101 applied mathematics, computer, Information Systems
Abstract

International audience; IoT technologies facilitate the development and the improvement of pervasive computing by enabling effective context-awareness features. These features enable the IoT applications to detect the user’s situation and adapt their behavior. They also enable context-aware security and privacy, which consist in adapting security and privacy mechanisms’ deployment to the user’s situation. Research studies on context-aware security and privacy focus on security and privacy mechanisms’ implementation but do not consider the secure and trustworthy context management. In this paper, we introduce a new secure and trustworthy context management system for context-aware security and privacy in the smart city: “SETUCOM.” SETUCOM is the implementation of the DTM (Device Trust Management) module of the CASPaaS (Context-Aware Security and Privacy as a Service) architecture. It secures context information exchange by using a lightweight hybrid encryption system adapted to IoT devices and manages trust through artificial intelligence techniques such as Bayesian networks and fuzzy logic. A detailed description of the proposed system is provided, and its main performances are evaluated. The results prove SETUCOM feasibility in context-aware security and privacy for the smart city.

Published
2021

9. Virgibacillus doumboii sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from the stool of a healthy child in Mali

Author

Nicholas Armstrong, M. Million, Mahamadou Ali Thera, Abdoulaye Djimde, M. Tidjani Alou, Safiatou Niare, Aminata Camara, Didier Raoult, Salimata Konate, Cheikh Ibrahima Lo, Florence Fenollar, A. Hamidou Togo, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, taxonogenomics, Mali, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virgibacillus, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Genome size, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Virgibacillus doumboii sp. nov, Child malnutrition, Ribosomal RNA, culturomics, biology.organism_classification, 16S ribosomal RNA, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Culturomics, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Bacteria, Taxonogenomics: Genome of a New Organism
Abstract

A moderately halophilic and strictly aerobic bacterium was isolated from a human stool as part of a study on the diagnosis of childhood malnutrition in Mali. Strain Marseille-Q1616T is a Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium. It has a genome size of 3.91 Mbp with 39.79% G+C content, which contains 3954 protein-coding genes including genes encoding phosphomycin resistance and Listeria monocytogenes, 16 rRNA genes and 64 tRNA genes. Strain Marseille-Q1616T exhibited a 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and shared an OrthoANI value of 70.64% (the highest observed) with Virgibacillus kekensis, the phylogenetically closest validly published species. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence and genomic average nucleotide identity values, we suggest the creation of a new species within the Virgibacillus genus, named Virgibacillus doumboii sp. nov., type strain Marseille-Q1616T (= CSURQ1616).

Published
2021

10. Evolution of Malaria Incidence in Five Health Districts, in the Context of the Scaling up of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention, 2016 to 2018, in Mali

Author

Aissata Sacko, Souleymane S. Diarra, Mady Cissoko, Ibrahima Berthé, Alassane Dicko, Moussa Sanogo, Drissa Coulibaly, Issaka Sagara, Modibo Diarra, Malbec, Odile, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Direction Générale de la Santé et Hygiène Publique [Bamako, Mali] (DGSHP), Direction Régionale de la Santé de Tombouctou [Tombouctou, Mali], Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, and Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Population, malaria, lcsh:Medicine, Context (language use), Mali, Chemoprevention, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, High morbidity, Antimalarials, 0302 clinical medicine, Malaria transmission, parasitic diseases, Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Child, education.field_of_study, Under-five, Incidence (epidemiology), lcsh:R, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, Malaria incidence, Child, Preschool, incidence, Seasons, Malaria, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Context: In Mali, malaria transmission is seasonal, exposing children to high morbidity and mortality. A preventative strategy called Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) is being implemented, consisting of the distribution of drugs at monthly intervals for up to 4 months to children between 3 and 59 months of age during the period of the year when malaria is most prevalent. This study aimed to analyze the evolution of the incidence of malaria in the general population of the health districts of Kati, Kadiolo, Sikasso, Yorosso, and Tominian in the context of SMC implementation.Methods: This is a transversal study analyzing the routine malaria data and meteorological data of Nasa Giovanni from 2016 to 2018. General Additive Model (GAM) analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between malaria incidence and meteorological factors.Results: From 2016 to 2018, the evolution of the overall incidence in all the study districts was positively associated with the relative humidity, rainfall, and minimum temperature components. The average monthly incidence and the relative humidity varied according to the health district, and the average temperature and rainfall were similar. A decrease in incidence was observed in children under five years old in 2017 and 2018 compared to 2016.Conclusion: A decrease in the incidence of malaria was observed after the SMC rounds. SMC should be applied at optimal periods.

Published
2021
Full Text
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11. New assessment of Anopheles vector species identification using MALDI-TOF MS

Author

Abdoulaye K. Kone, Mohammed Yattara, Renaud Piarroux, Ousmane Faye, Mahamadou A. Thera, Abdoul Habib Beavogui, Magali Gautier, Moussa Sylla, Leo Braack, Abdoulaye Kane Dia, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Sylvie Manguin, Cécile Nabet, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal (UGB), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale [Maférinyah, Guinée] (CNFRSR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Mahidol University [Bangkok], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Anopheles gambiae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Mosquito Vectors, Mali, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Species Specificity, parasitic diseases, Anopheles, Animals, Thorax (insect anatomy), MALDI-TOF MS, lcsh:RC109-216, Cephalothorax, biology, Research, Thorax, biology.organism_classification, Blood meal, Senegal, Taxonomic identification, Malaria, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Malaria vectors, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Vector (epidemiology), Legs, Female, Guinea, Head
Abstract

Background Anopheles species identification is essential for an effective malaria vector control programme. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed to identify adult Anopheles species, using the legs or the cephalothorax. The protein repertoire from arthropods can vary according to compartment, but there is no general consensus regarding the anatomic part to be used. Methods To determine the body part of the Anopheles mosquitoes best suited for the identification of field specimens, a mass spectral library was generated with head, thorax with wings and legs of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus obtained from reference centres. The MSL was evaluated using two independent panels of 52 and 40 An. gambiae field-collected in Mali and Guinea, respectively. Geographic variability was also tested using the panel from Mali and several databases containing added specimens from Mali and Senegal. Results Using the head and a database without specimens from the same field collection, the proportion of interpretable and correct identifications was significantly higher than using the other body parts at a threshold value of 1.7 (p Conclusions The using of the head of Anopheles may improve the performance of MALDI-TOF MS. Region-specific mass spectrum databases will have to be produced. Further research is needed to improve the standardization in order to share online spectral databases.

Published
2021

12. Cost-effectiveness of district-wide seasonal malaria chemoprevention when implemented through routine malaria control programme in Kita, Mali using fixed point distribution

Author

Laetitia Duval, Lesong Conteh, Aboubacar Sadou, Matthew Cairns, Patrick G T Walker, Fatou Diawara, Erin Eckert, Issaka Sagara, Halimatou Diawara, Jules Mihigo, Laura C. Steinhardt, Elisa Sicuri, Beh Kamate, Alassane Dicko, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Imperial College London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Save the Children, Bamako, Mali, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), US Agency for International Development [Kinshasa] (US AID), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Medical Research Council (MRC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Duval, Laetitia

Subjects
Cost effectiveness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Psychological intervention, Mali, 0302 clinical medicine, 1108 Medical Microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Economic cost, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 1. No poverty, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 3. Good health, Drug Combinations, Pyrimethamine, Incentive, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Financial, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 0605 Microbiology, Marginal cost, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Cost, 030231 tropical medicine, Economic, Chemoprevention, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health, Disability-adjusted life year (DALY), Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Tropical Medicine, Sulfadoxine, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Cost database, Science & Technology, Research, Public health, Amodiaquine, Infant, medicine.disease, Malaria, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Communicable Disease Control, RA Public aspects of medicine, Parasitology, Cost-effectiveness, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Business
Abstract

Background Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a strategy for malaria control recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2012 for Sahelian countries. The Mali National Malaria Control Programme adopted a plan for pilot implementation and nationwide scale-up by 2016. Given that SMC is a relatively new approach, there is an urgent need to assess the costs and cost effectiveness of SMC when implemented through the routine health system to inform decisions on resource allocation. Methods Cost data were collected from pilot implementation of SMC in Kita district, which targeted 77,497 children aged 3–59 months. Starting in August 2014, SMC was delivered by fixed point distribution in villages with the first dose observed each month. Treatment consisted of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine once a month for four consecutive months, or rounds. Economic and financial costs were collected from the provider perspective using an ingredients approach. Effectiveness estimates were based upon a published mathematical transmission model calibrated to local epidemiology, rainfall patterns and scale-up of interventions. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios were calculated for the cost per malaria episode averted, cost per disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and cost per death averted. Results The total economic cost of the intervention in the district of Kita was US $357,494. Drug costs and personnel costs accounted for 34% and 31%, respectively. Incentives (payment other than salary for efforts beyond routine activities) accounted for 25% of total implementation costs. Average financial and economic unit costs per child per round were US $0.73 and US $0.86, respectively; total annual financial and economic costs per child receiving SMC were US $2.92 and US $3.43, respectively. Accounting for coverage, the economic cost per child fully adherent (receiving all four rounds) was US $6.38 and US $4.69, if weighted highly adherent, (receiving 3 or 4 rounds of SMC). When costs were combined with modelled effects, the economic cost per malaria episode averted in children was US $4.26 (uncertainty bound 2.83–7.17), US $144 (135–153) per DALY averted and US $ 14,503 (13,604–15,402) per death averted. Conclusions When implemented at fixed point distribution through the routine health system in Mali, SMC was highly cost-effective. As in previous SMC implementation studies, financial incentives were a large cost component.

Published
2021

13. The COVID-19 pandemic in francophone West Africa: from the first cases to responses in seven countries

Author

Emmanuel Bonnet, oriane Bodson, Fréderic Le Marcis, Adama Faye, Emmanuel Sambieni, Florence Fournet, Florence Boyer, Abdourahmane Coulibaly, Kadidiatou Kadio, Fatoumata Binetou Diongue, Valery Ridde, Malbec, Odile, Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Liège, Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Université de Parakou (UP), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso] (IRSS), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Burkina Faso]), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Santé, vulnérabilités et relations de genre au sud (SAGESUD - ERL Inserm U1244), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), and ISED (ISED)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Intervention, Mali, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Burkina Faso, West Africa, Benin, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Niger, Pandemics, Public health, Spatial analyses, SARS-CoV-2, 030503 health policy & services, COVID-19, Senegal, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Africa, Western, Cote d'Ivoire, Communicable Disease Control, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Guinea, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, 0305 other medical science, Research Article
Abstract

Background: In early March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic hit West Africa. Countries in the region quickly set up crisis management committees and organised drastic measures to stem the spread of the coronavirus. The objective of this article is to analyse the epidemiological evolution of COVID-19 in seven Francophone West African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Senegal) as well as the public health measures decided upon during the first four months of the pandemic. Methods: Our method is based on quantitative and qualitative data from the pooling of information from a COVID-19 data platform and collected by a network of interdisciplinary collaborators present in the seven countries. Descriptive and spatial analyses of quantitative epidemiological data and content analyses of qualitative data on public measures and management committees were performed. Results: Attack rates for COVID-19 range from less than 10 per 100,000 inhabitants (Benin) to more than 45 per 100,000 inhabitants (Guinea). The spatio-temporal analysis shows three phases of incidence clusters. By the end of June 2020, case numbers had plateaued in some countries (Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali) while others continued to see the number of infections increasing (Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Senegal). The countries all reacted quickly to the crisis, in some cases before the first reported infection, and implemented public measures in a relatively homogeneous manner. None of the countries implemented country-wide lockdowns, but in some cases implemented partial or local containment measures. At the end of June 2020, countries began to lift certain restrictive measures, sometimes under pressure from the general population or from certain economic sectors. All the countries have adopted response plans and organized multiple crisis management committees, although their content and functioning have not always been transparent or easy to understand. Conclusion: Much research remains to be done in West Africa. It will be necessary to better understand the dynamics of the pandemic, which appears to be largely under control, as well as the effectiveness and implementation of the state responses, which have been rapidly formulated.

Published
2021

14. Context-Aware Security in the Internet of Things: A survey

Author

Mohamed Aymen Chalouf, Tidiane Sylla, Francine Krief, Karim Samaké, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
General Computer Science, Computer science, Internet privacy, Internet of Things, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-IU]Computer Science [cs]/Ubiquitous Computing, Context-Awareness, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Smart city, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Confidentiality, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Context-Aware Security, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Authentication (law), 0104 chemical sciences, Privacy, Security, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business
Abstract

International audience; Internet of Things applications encompass home-automation, health, transportation, etc. The main objective of these applications is to improve user's daily lives. However, security and privacy threats and the lack of adapted security mechanisms could significantly reduce their development and slowdown their adoption. Several researches have been conducted in order to find solutions for securing the IoT systems and to reduce, even eliminate risks for user's privacy. One of the proposed solutions is context-aware security, which enables to consider relevant contextual information while implementing security mechanisms. In this paper, we will conduct a survey of the context-aware security solutions that have been proposed for smart city IoT applications. These applications have a great impact on citizens life. For each solution, we will provide critical analysis in terms of context-aware management, security services and privacy mechanisms. Then, we will identify the different research directions for better context-aware security in these applications.

Published
2021

15. Chloroquine Potentiates Primaquine Activity against Active and Latent Hepatic Plasmodia Ex Vivo: Potentials and Pitfalls

Author

Nadia Amanzougaghene, J. Kevin Baird, Georges Snounou, Shahin Tajeri, Roger Le Grand, Teun Bousema, Jean-François Franetich, Geert-Jan van Gemert, Laurent Dembélé, Dominique Mazier, Valérie Soulard, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Faculté de Médecine, de pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie [Bamako, Mali] (FMPOS), Université de Bamako, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies (IDMIT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), University of Oxford, ANR-17-CE13-0025,IMHyp,Recherches sur l'Hypnozoïte du Paludisme(2017), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université

Subjects
Plasmodium, latent infection, Primaquine, primaquine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Malaria, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], malaria, Pharmacology, chemotherapy, chloroquine, Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Chloroquine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Experimental Therapeutics, Pharmacology (medical), Plasmodium berghei, MESH: Animals, 0303 health sciences, potentiation, MESH: Humans, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, MESH: Plasmodium, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Chloroquine, MESH: Primaquine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Antimalarials, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], hepatic parasites, Plasmodium yoelii, Ex vivo, Malaria, Atovaquone, medicine.drug
Abstract

For a long while, 8-aminoquinoline compounds have been the only therapeutic agents against latent hepatic malaria parasites. These have poor activity against the blood-stage plasmodia causing acute malaria and must be used in conjunction with partner blood schizontocidal agents. We examined the impacts of one such agent, chloroquine, upon the activity of primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline, against hepatic stages of Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium yoelii, Plasmodium berghei, and Plasmodium falciparum within several ex vivo systems—primary hepatocytes of Macaca fascicularis, primary human hepatocytes, and stably transformed human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2., For a long while, 8-aminoquinoline compounds have been the only therapeutic agents against latent hepatic malaria parasites. These have poor activity against the blood-stage plasmodia causing acute malaria and must be used in conjunction with partner blood schizontocidal agents. We examined the impacts of one such agent, chloroquine, upon the activity of primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline, against hepatic stages of Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium yoelii, Plasmodium berghei, and Plasmodium falciparum within several ex vivo systems—primary hepatocytes of Macaca fascicularis, primary human hepatocytes, and stably transformed human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. Primaquine exposures to formed hepatic schizonts and hypnozoites of P. cynomolgi in primary simian hepatocytes exhibited similar 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values near 0.4 μM, whereas chloroquine in the same system exhibited no inhibitory activities. Combining chloroquine and primaquine in this system decreased the observed primaquine IC50 for all parasite forms in a chloroquine dose-dependent manner by an average of 18-fold. Chloroquine also decreased the primaquine IC50 against hepatic P. falciparum in primary human hepatocytes, P. berghei in simian primary hepatocytes, and P. yoelii in primary human hepatocytes. Chloroquine had no impact on primaquine IC50 against P. yoelii in HepG2 cells and, likewise, had no impact on the IC50 of atovaquone (hepatic schizontocide) against P. falciparum in human hepatocytes. We describe important sources of variability in the potentiation of primaquine activity by chloroquine in these systems. Chloroquine potentiated primaquine activity against hepatic forms of several plasmodia. We conclude that chloroquine specifically potentiated 8-aminoquinoline activities against active and dormant hepatic-stage plasmodia in normal primary hepatocytes but not in a hepatocarcinoma cell line.

Published
2020

16. Molecular Detection of Microorganisms Associated with Small Mammals and Their Ectoparasites in Mali

Author

Maureen Laroche, Abdoulaye Djimde, Maimouna Coulibaly, Georges Diatta, Bourema Kouriba, Abdoulaye Dabo, Safiatou Niare, Solimane Ag Atteynine, Didier Raoult, Abdoulaye K. Kone, Issaka Sagara, Philippe Parola, Bernard Davoust, Mahamadou A. Thera, Abdoul Karim Sangaré, Stéphane Ranque, Adama Zan Diarra, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), and Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
Bartonella, Disease reservoir, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 030231 tropical medicine, Rodentia, Ectoparasitic Infestations, Ehrlichia ruminantium, Mali, Microbiology, Rodent Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ticks, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Zoonoses, Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Disease Reservoirs, Mites, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Bacteria, Articles, biology.organism_classification, Rickettsia africae, Haemaphysalis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Bartonella elizabethae, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Siphonaptera, Parasitology, Amblyomma variegatum
Abstract

Small mammals are the natural reservoirs for many zoonotic pathogens. Using molecular tools, we assessed the prevalence of bacteria and protozoans in small mammals and their ectoparasites in Faladje, Bougouni, and Bamoko, Mali. A total of 130 small mammals belonging to 10 different species were captured, of which 74 (56.9%) were infested by ectoparasites, including Laelaps echidnina, Xenopsylla cheopis, Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, and Haemaphysalis spp. nymphs. DNA of Bartonella was found in 14/75 (18.7%), 6/48 (12.5%), and 3/7 (42.8%) small mammals from Faladje, Bougouni, and Bamako, respectively. In Faladje, Bartonella DNA was detected in 31/68 (45.6%) of L. echidnina and 14/22 (63.6%) of X. cheopis. In Bougouni, it was found in 2/26 (7.7%) of L. echidnina and 10/42 (23.8%) of X. cheopis. The sequences of Bartonella obtained from small mammals were close to those of Bartonella mastomydis, Bartonella elizabethae, and uncultured Bartonella spp. In Faladje, Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected in 64.4% (29/45) of Haemaphysalis spp. ticks, 4.5% (2/44) of Mastomys erythroleucus, 12.5% (1/8) of Praomys daltoni, and 1.5% (1/68) of L. echidnina. We found DNA of Wolbachia in X. cheopis from Faladje and DNA of Rickettsia africae and Ehrlichia ruminantium in Am. variegatum from Bougouni. The results of our study show that several small mammal species harbor and may serve as potential reservoirs of Bartonella spp., likely to play a major role in the maintenance, circulation, and potential transmission of bacteria in Mali. The pathogenicity of these bacteria for humans or animals remains to be demonstrated.

Published
2020

17. Sexual Dimorphism of Metabolomic Profile in Arterial Hypertension

Author

Boubacar Sidiki Ibrahim Dramé, Mahamadou Diakite, Klétigui Casimir Dembélé, Yaya Goïta, Gilles Simard, MB Diarra, Yaya Kassogue, Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca, Asmaou keita, Bakary Mamadou Cissé, Floris Chabrun, Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier, Pascal Reynier, Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Bamako, Mali] (CHU Bamako), Département de Biochimie et Génétique [Angers], Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), This work was supported by the programme de Formation des Formateurs (PFF) de l’Université des Sciences Juridiques et Politique de Bamako (l’USJPB), the Projet d’Appui au Développement de l’Enseignement Supérieur (PADES), the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the University of Angers, and the University Hospital of Angers., Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), MitoVasc - Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), and Bodescot, Myriam

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Ornithine, Arginine, Symmetric dimethylarginine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Predictive markers, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Metabolomics, Sex Factors, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Healthy control, medicine, Humans, Least-Squares Analysis, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Principal Component Analysis, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Discriminant Analysis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Sphingomyelins, Sexual dimorphism, 030104 developmental biology, Hypertension, Metabolome, Phosphatidylcholines, lcsh:Q, Female, business, Biomarkers, Targeted metabolomics
Abstract

Metabolomic studies have demonstrated the existence of biological signatures in blood of patients with arterial hypertension, but no study has hitherto reported the sexual dimorphism of these signatures. We compared the plasma metabolomic profiles of 28 individuals (13 women and 15 men) with essential arterial hypertension with those of a healthy control group (18 women and 18 men), using targeted metabolomics. Among the 188 metabolites explored, 152 were accurately measured. Supervised OPLS-DA (orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis) showed good predictive performance for hypertension in both sexes (Q2cum = 0.59 in women and 0.60 in men) with low risk of overfitting (p-value-CV ANOVA = 0.004 in women and men). Seventy-five and 65 discriminant metabolites with a VIP (variable importance for the projection) greater than 1 were evidenced in women and men, respectively. Both sexes showed a considerable increase in phosphatidylcholines, a decrease in C16:0 with an increase in C28:1 lysophosphatidylcholines, an increase in sphingomyelins, as well as an increase of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), acetyl-ornithine and hydroxyproline. Twenty-nine metabolites, involved in phospholipidic and cardiac remodeling, arginine/nitric oxide pathway and antihypertensive and insulin resistance mechanisms, discriminated the metabolic sexual dimorphism of hypertension. Our results highlight the importance of sexual dimorphism in arterial hypertension.

Published
2020

18. Virgibacillus ihumii sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from the stool of healthy African children

Author

Aminata Camara, Didier Raoult, Mahamadou Ali Thera, Edmond Kuete, Cheikh Ibrahima Lo, Salimata Konate, Safiatou Niare, Nicholas Amsrtong, Florence Fenollar, Marièma Sarr, Matthieu Million, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Stool sample, 030106 microbiology, severe acute malnutrition, taxonogenomics, Mali, Microbiology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virgibacillus, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Nomenclature, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Bacillus (shape), [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Culturomics, biology, Strain (chemistry), biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Halophile, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Taxonogenomics: Genome of a Known Organism, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Virgibacillus ihumii sp. nov, Bacteria
Abstract

During a case–control study on severe acute malnutrition, strain Marseille-Q1233 was isolated. It is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and halophilic bacillus isolated from a stool sample of Malian child under the age of 5. The fatty acid profile of the strain consisted of C15:0-anteiso and C14:0-iso as major components. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity calculation showed 23.10% and 80.81% similarity respectively between strain Marseille-Q1233 and Virgibacillus siamensis strain Marseille-P2607, the phylogenetically closely related species with standing in nomenclature. On the basis of these results, we report the description of Virgibacillus ihumii sp. nov. strain Marseille-Q1233 as a new bacterial species.

Published
2020

19. Two-Year Scale-Up of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Reduced Malaria Morbidity among Children in the Health District of Koutiala, Mali

Author

Moussa Djimde, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Amadou Bamadio, Boubou Sangare, Abdoulaye Djimde, Estrella Lasry, Alassane Dicko, Jean Gaudart, Hamma Maiga, Samba Coumare, Djibril Traore, Issaka Sagara, Aly Tembely, Yeyia Dicko, Modibo Diarra, Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique [Bamako] (INRSP), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Médecins Sans Frontières - Doctors Without Borders [New York] (MSF-USA), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication [AP-HM Hôpital de la Timone] (BioSTIC), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), and Dupuis, Christine

Subjects
MESH: Chemoprevention, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, morbidity, Controlled studies, Mali, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, Child, 0303 health sciences, musculoskeletal system, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug Combinations, Pyrimethamine, Child, Preschool, cardiovascular system, Female, Seasons, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Anemia, MESH: Pyrimethamine, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Malaria, malaria, Malaria morbidity, Amodiaquine, Chemoprevention, Article, Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Internal medicine, Sulfadoxine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, MESH: Drug Combinations, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, lcsh:R, MESH: Child, Preschool, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, MESH: Mali, medicine.disease, MESH: Antimalarials, Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH: Morbidity, Propensity score matching, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Seasons, Malaria, MESH: Sulfadoxine
Abstract

Background: Previous controlled studies demonstrated seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) reduces malaria morbidity by &gt, 80% in children aged 3&ndash, 59 months. Here, we assessed malaria morbidity after large-scale SMC implementation during a pilot campaign in the health district of Koutiala, Mali. Methods: Starting in August 2012, children received three rounds of SMC with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and amodiaquine (AQ). From July 2013 onward, children received four rounds of SMC. Prevalence of malaria infection, clinical malaria and anemia were assessed during two cross-sectional surveys conducted in August 2012 and June 2014. Investigations involved 20 randomly selected clusters in 2012 against 10 clusters in 2014. Results: Overall, 662 children were included in 2012, and 670 in 2014. Children in 2014 versus those surveyed in 2012 showed reduced proportions of malaria infection (12.4% in 2014 versus 28.7% in 2012 (p = 0.001)), clinical malaria (0.3% versus 4.2%, respectively (p &lt, 0.001)), and anemia (50.1% versus 67.4%, respectively (p = 0.001)). A propensity score approach that accounts for environmental differences showed that SMC conveyed a significant protective effect against malaria infection (IR = 0.01, 95% CI (0.0001, 0.09), clinical malaria (OR = 0.25, 95% CI (0.06, 0.85)), and hemoglobin concentration (&beta, = 1.3, 95% CI (0.69, 1.96)) in 2012 and 2014, respectively. Conclusion: SMC significantly reduced frequency of malaria infection, clinical malaria and anemia two years after SMC scale-up in Koutiala.

Published
2020

20. Re-engagement in care of people living with HIV lost to follow-up after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Mali: Who returns to care?

Author

Baldé, Aliou, Lièvre, Laurence, Maiga, Almoustapha Issiaka, Diallo, Fodié, Maiga, Issouf Alassane, Costagliola, Dominique, Abgrall, Sophie, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Unité d'épidémiologie moléculaire de la résistance du VIH aux ARV du Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur le VIH/SIDA et la tuberculose (SEREFO), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali, Association de Recherche, de Communication, d’Accompagnement à Domicile des Personnes Vivant avec le VIH (ARCAD-SIDA), Bamako, Mali, Ensemble pour une Solidarité Thérapeutique Hospitalière en Réseau (ESTHER)/Expertise France, Bamako, Mali, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Médecine Interne, Clamart, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Baldé, Aliou

Subjects
Male, RNA viruses, Maternal Health, HIV Infections, Mali, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical Locations, Immunodeficiency Viruses, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geography, Obstetrics and Gynecology, HIV diagnosis and management, Viral Load, Vaccination and Immunization, Hospitals, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, Female, Pathogens, Research Article, Adult, Science, Immunology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Microbiology, Antiviral Therapy, Virology, Retroviruses, Humans, Outpatient Clinics, Microbial Pathogens, Proportional Hazards Models, Biology and life sciences, Lentivirus, Organisms, HIV, Diagnostic medicine, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Health Care, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Health Care Facilities, People and Places, Africa, Women's Health, Lost to Follow-Up, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Patient Care, Preventive Medicine, Viral Transmission and Infection
Abstract

ObjectivesWe assessed cumulative incidence rates of and factors associated with re-engagement in HIV care for PLHIV lost to follow-up in Mali.MethodsHIV-1-infected individuals lost to follow-up before 31/12/2013, ≥ 18 years old, who started ART from 2006 to 2012 at one of 16 care centres were considered. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) was defined as an interruption of ≥ 6 months during follow-up. The re-engagement in care in PLHIV lost to follow-up before 31/12/2013 was defined as having at least one clinical visit after LTFU. The cumulative incidence rates of re-engagement in care was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and its predictive factors were assessed using Cox models. Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and immune status, period, region, centre expertise level, and distance from home at the start of ART plus a combined variable of duration of ART until LTFU and 12-month change in CD4 count were assessed. Multiple imputation was used to deal with missing data.ResultsWe included 3,650 PLHIV lost to follow-up before December 2013, starting ART in nine outpatient clinics and seven hospitals (5+2 in Bamako and 4+5 in other regions): 35% male, median (IQR) age 35 (29-43), and duration of ART until LTFU 11 months (5-22). Among these PLHIV, 1,975 (54%) were definitively LTFU and 1,675 (46%) subsequently returned to care. The cumulative incidence rates of re-engagement in care rose from 39.0% at one year to 47.0% at three years after LTFU. Predictors of re-engagement in care were starting ART with WHO stage 1-2 and CD4 counts ≥ 200 cells/μL, being treated for ≥ 12 months with CD4 count gain ≥ 50 cells/μL, or being followed in Bamako. People followed at regional hospitals or outpatient clinics ≥ 5 km away, or being treated for ≥ 12 months with CD4 count gain < 50 cells/μL were less likely to return to care.ConclusionsStarting ART with a higher CD4 count, better gain in CD4 count, and being followed either in Bamako or close to home in the regions were associated with re-engagement in care.

Published
2020

21. Predicting Malaria Transmission Dynamics in Dangassa, Mali: A Novel Approach Using Functional Generalized Additive Models

Author

Ayouba Diarra, Jean Gaudart, Manuel Febrero-Bande, François Freddy Ateba, Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Hannah C. Marker, Andoh Magdalene Ngitah, Issaka Sagara, Seydou Doumbia, Mahamoudou B. Touré, Donald J. Krogstad, Peter J. Winch, Nafomon Sogoba, Daouda Sanogo, Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of Buéa, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine [New Orleans, LA, USA], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Dupuis, Christine, and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Estatística, Análise Matemática e Optimización

Subjects
Generalized linear model, Rain, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 030231 tropical medicine, malaria, lcsh:Medicine, Mali, 01 natural sciences, Article, Wind speed, Disease Outbreaks, 010104 statistics & probability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Malaria transmission, Meteorological indicators, Statistics, parasitic diseases, medicine, functional model, Humans, passive case detection, 0101 mathematics, Additive model, Mathematics, Passive case detection, Models, Statistical, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Generalized additive model, Air humidity, lcsh:R, Temperature, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humidity, medicine.disease, Malaria, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Functional model, meteorological indicators, Forecasting
Abstract

Mali aims to reach the pre-elimination stage of malaria by the next decade. This study used functional regression models to predict the incidence of malaria as a function of past meteorological patterns to better prevent and to act proactively against impending malaria outbreaks. All data were collected over a five-year period (2012&ndash, 2017) from 1400 persons who sought treatment at Dangassa&rsquo, s community health center. Rainfall, temperature, humidity, and wind speed variables were collected. Functional Generalized Spectral Additive Model (FGSAM), Functional Generalized Linear Model (FGLM), and Functional Generalized Kernel Additive Model (FGKAM) were used to predict malaria incidence as a function of the pattern of meteorological indicators over a continuum of the 18 weeks preceding the week of interest. Their respective outcomes were compared in terms of predictive abilities. The results showed that (1) the highest malaria incidence rate occurred in the village 10 to 12 weeks after we observed a pattern of air humidity levels &gt, 65%, combined with two or more consecutive rain episodes and a mean wind speed &lt, 1.8 m/s, (2) among the three models, the FGLM obtained the best results in terms of prediction, and (3) FGSAM was shown to be a good compromise between FGLM and FGKAM in terms of flexibility and simplicity. The models showed that some meteorological conditions may provide a basis for detection of future outbreaks of malaria. The models developed in this paper are useful for implementing preventive strategies using past meteorological and past malaria incidence.

Published
2020

22. Geo-Epidemiology of Malaria at the Health Area Level, Dire Health District, Mali, 2013–2017

Author

Sokhna Dieng, Zoumana Doumbia, Marc-Karim Bendiane, Abdoulaye Guindo, Mady Cissoko, Seydou Fomba, Nadine Dessay, Balam Allasseini, Moussa H. Sankaré, Diahara Traore, Issaka Sagara, Jordi Landier, Jean Gaudart, Malaria Research and Training Center-Ogobara K. Doumbo [Bamako, Mali] (MRTC-OKD), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Direction Régionale de la Santé de Tombouctou [Tombouctou, Mali], Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Programme National de la Lutte contre le Paludisme [Bamako, Mali] (PNLP Mali), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 261), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Dupuis, Christine

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate statistics, Health Status, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, malaria, lcsh:Medicine, Mali, Rate ratio, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rivers, Multiple correspondence analysis, Environmental health, Epidemiology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, environment and meteorology, spatio-temporal analysis, hotspot and incidence, business.industry, Incidence, Flooding (psychology), lcsh:R, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, geo-epidemiology, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, Agriculture, business, Malaria
Abstract

Background: According to the World Health Organization, there were more than 228 million cases of malaria globally in 2018, with 93% of cases occurring in Africa, in Mali, a 13% increase in the number of cases was observed between 2015 and 2018, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of meteorological and environmental factors on the geo-epidemiology of malaria in the health district of Dire, Mali. Methods: Meteorological and environmental variables were synthesized using principal component analysis and multiple correspondence analysis, the relationship between malaria incidence and synthetic indicators was determined using a multivariate general additive model, hotspots were detected by SaTScan. Results: Malaria incidence showed high inter and intra-annual variability, the period of high transmission lasted from September to February, health areas characterized by proximity to the river, propensity for flooding and high agricultural yield were the most at risk, with an incidence rate ratio of 2.21 with confidence intervals (95% CI: 1.85&ndash, 2.58), malaria incidence in Dire declined from 120 to 20 cases per 10,000 person-weeks between 2013 and 2017. Conclusion: The identification of areas and periods of high transmission can help improve malaria control strategies.

Published
2020

23. Spatio-Temporal Dynamic of Malaria Incidence: A Comparison of Two Ecological Zones in Mali

Author

François Freddy Ateba, Mady Cissoko, Mathias Dolo, Mahamoudou B. Touré, Sory Ibrahim Diawara, Lansana Sangaré, Mamadou D. Coulibaly, Sidibe M’Baye Thiam, Seidina A. S. Diakite, Manuel Febrero-Bande, Peter J. Winch, Aliou Sissako, Aissata Sacko, Drissa Konaté, Issaka Sagara, Seydou Doumbia, Ayouba Diarra, Nafomon Sogoba, Mahamadou Diakite, Sekou F. Traore, Donald J. Krogtad, Hannah C. Marker, Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Amagana Dolo, O. Koita, Jean Gaudart, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Estatística, Análise Matemática e Optimización, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine [New Orleans, LA, USA], Dupuis, Christine, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, and Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
Multivariate statistics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], normalized difference vegetation index, lcsh:Medicine, Principal components analysis, Mali, lag, Environmental data, 0302 clinical medicine, Normalized difference vegetation index, 030212 general & internal medicine, Passive case detection, biology, Ecology, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Temperature, Vegetation, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, Population Surveillance, plasmodium falciparum, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium falciparum, malaria, Geo-epidemiology, Generalized additive models, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Article, generalized additive models, 03 medical and health sciences, principal components analysis, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, passive case detection, Generalized additive model, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humidity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, geo-epidemiology, Lag, Malaria
Abstract

Malaria transmission largely depends on environmental, climatic, and hydrological conditions. In Mali, malaria epidemiological patterns are nested within three ecological zones. This study aimed at assessing the relationship between those conditions and the incidence of malaria in Dangassa and Koila, Mali. Malaria data was collected through passive case detection at community health facilities of each study site from June 2015 to January 2017. Climate and environmental data were obtained over the same time period from the Goddard Earth Sciences (Giovanni) platform and hydrological data from Mali hydraulic services. A generalized additive model was used to determine the lagged time between each principal component analysis derived component and the incidence of malaria cases, and also used to analyze the relationship between malaria and the lagged components in a multivariate approach. Malaria transmission patterns were bimodal at both sites, but peak and lull periods were longer lasting for Koila study site. Temperatures were associated with malaria incidence in both sites. In Dangassa, the wind speed (p = 0.005) and river heights (p = 0.010) contributed to increasing malaria incidence, in contrast to Koila, where it was humidity (p &lt, 0.001) and vegetation (p = 0.004). The relationships between environmental factors and malaria incidence differed between the two settings, implying different malaria dynamics and adjustments in the conception and plan of interventions.

Published
2020

24. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Anti-pyretic, Analgesic, and Hepatoprotective Properties of Terminalia macroptera

Author

Aïssata Camara, Geneviève Bourdy, Mohamed Haddad, Adama Denou, Mahamane Haidara, Rokia Sanogo, Agnès Aubouy, Korotoumou Traoré, Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
Combretaceae, biology, Traditional medicine, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Analgesic, hepatoprotective, Terminalia macroptera, biology.organism_classification, Improved traditional medicines/Médicaments Traditionnels Améliorés, Anti-inflammatory, 3. Good health, Terpene, Phytochemical, medicine, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, medicinal plant antipyretic, Antipyretic, Medicinal plants, business, medicine.drug, anti-inflammatory
Abstract

In Mali, improved traditional medicines [“Médicaments Traditionnels Améliorés”] are prepared from traditionally used medicinal plants. Recently, the Department of Traditional Medicine has identified Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) as a potential candidate for an improved traditional medicine. T. macroptera is a West African medicinal plant used in Mali against various health disorders, with more than 30 different indications mentioned by traditional healers, including hepatitis, gonorrhea, fever, pain relief, and various infectious diseases (Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases). To date, validation of most of the biological activities of has been mainly carried out in vitro, except for antimalarial activities. In this study, the potential anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and hepatoprotective properties of T. macroptera were investigated in different murine models. Administration of T. macroptera ethanolic root and leaf extracts in rats significantly reduced pyrexia, pain, inflammation, and hepatic marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the different murine models used (p

Published
2020

25. Normal forms for rank two linear irregular differential equations and moduli spaces

Author

Frank Loray, Karamoko Diarra, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, AFRIMath, ANR-16-CE40-0008,Foliage,Feuilletages et géométrie algébrique(2016), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Pure mathematics, Rank (linear algebra), General Mathematics, Connection (vector bundle), Open set, Riemann sphere, [MATH.MATH-CA]Mathematics [math]/Classical Analysis and ODEs [math.CA], Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry, 0103 physical sciences, Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA), FOS: Mathematics, 0101 mathematics, Algebraic Geometry (math.AG), Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, 16. Peace & justice, Hirzebruch surface, Moduli space, Hilbert scheme, Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, symbols, 010307 mathematical physics
Abstract

International audience; We provide a unique normal form for rank two irregular connections on the Riemann sphere.In fact, we provide a birational model where we introduce apparent singular points and where the bundlehas a fixed Birkhoff-Grothendieck decomposition. The essential poles and the apparent poles provide twoparabolic structures. The first one only depend on the formal type of the singular points. The latter one determine the connection (accessory parameters). As a consequence, an open set of the corresponding moduli space of connections is canonically identified with an open set of some Hilbert scheme of points on the explicit blow-up of some Hirzebruch surface. This generalizes to the irregular case a description dueto Oblezin, and Saito-Szabo in the logarithmic case. This approach is also very close to the work of Dubrovin-Mazzocco with the cyclic vector.

Published
2020

26. Towards a Context-Aware Security and Privacy as a Service in the Internet of Things

Author

Mohamed Aymen Chalouf, Tidiane Sylla, Karim Samaké, Francine Krief, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Objets communicants pour l'Internet du futur (OCIF), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maryline Laurent, Thanassis Giannetsos, TC 11, WG 11.2, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, IoT, Service (systems architecture), Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Context-awareness, Computer science, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Personalization, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Smart city, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Context awareness, Architecture, As a service, User-centered design, Flexibility (engineering), 020206 networking & telecommunications, User-centric, Privacy, Security, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, computer, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
Abstract

International audience; Smart city is one of the most known Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The smart city services improve user’s daily lives. However, security and privacy issues are slowing down their adoption. In addition, the characteristics of IoT devices, applications and users make security implementation of the considered applications a challenging task. To address these issues, we present, in this paper, a new context-aware security and privacy architecture for the IoT. Thanks to the “as a service” approach, this new architecture will be user-centric. It will also support known context-aware security issues: dynamicity, flexibility. In addition, it will address mobility, customization of security and privacy services, and support for generic IoT applications, particularly for smart city. To do so, a knowledge plane allowing effective management of context-awareness is proposed. A security and privacy plane allowing better implementation of context-aware security and privacy mechanisms is also proposed. This will be done through dynamic composition of context-based micro services. The role of the different components of these two planes are also described.

Published
2020
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27. Understanding Human Cerebral Malaria through a Blood Transcriptomic Signature: Evidences for Erythrocyte Alteration, Immune/Inflammatory Dysregulation, and Brain Dysfunction

Author

Cabantous, Sandrine, Poudiougou, Belco, Bergon, Aurélie, Barry, Abdoulaye, Oumar, Aboubacar A., Traore, Abdoulaye M., Chevillard, Christophe, Doumbo, Ogobara, Dessein, Alain, Marquet, Sandrine, Spinelli, Lionel, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique et immunologie des maladies parasitaires (GIMP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity (TAGC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gabriel Toure Hospital [Bamako, Mali], University of Bamako [Mali], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
Inflammation, Erythrocytes, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Article Subject, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Interleukin-18, Malaria, Cerebral, Brain, Computational Biology, Chemokine CXCL10, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Pathology, Humans, RB1-214, Transcriptome, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Research Article, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Abstract

International audience; Background. Cerebral malaria (CM), a reversible encephalopathy affecting young children, is a medical emergency requiring rapid clinical assessment and treatment. However, understanding of the genes/proteins and the biological pathways involved in the disease outcome is still limited. Methods. We have performed a whole transcriptomic analysis of blood samples from Malian children with CM or uncomplicated malaria (UM). Hierarchical clustering and pathway, network, and upstream regulator analyses were performed to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We validated gene expression for 8 genes using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Plasma levels were measured for IP-10/CXCL10 and IL-18. Results. A blood RNA signature including 538 DEGs (|FC | ≥2:0, adjusted P value ≤ 0.01) allowed to discriminate between CM and UM. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed novel genes and biological pathways related to immune/inflammatory responses, erythrocyte alteration, and neurodegenerative disorders. Gene expressions of CXCL10, IL12RB2, IL18BP, IL2RA, AXIN2, and NET were significantly lower in CM whereas ARG1 and SLC6A9 were higher in CM compared to UM. Plasma protein levels of IP-10/CXCL10 were significantly lower in CM than in UM while levels of IL-18 were higher. Interestingly, among children with CM, those who died from a complication of malaria tended to have higher concentrations of IP-10/CXCL10 and IFN-γ than those who recovered. Conclusions. This study identified some new factors and mechanisms that play crucial roles in CM and characterized their respective biological pathways as well as some upstream regulators.

Published
2020

28. Seroprevalence and risk factors for HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis among blood donors in Mali

Author

Amadou Diarra, Robert L. Murphy, Mahamadou Cisse, Quentin Le Hingrat, Almoustapha Issiaka Maiga, D. B. Fofana, Valentin Leducq, M. Baby, Alhassane Ba, Chad J. Achenbach, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Vincent Calvez, Aude Jary, Sidi Dienta, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de virologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Service de Virologie [CHU Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Laboratoire de Virologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), This work was supported by Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites virale (ANRS) AC43 and the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43TW007995., Bodescot, Myriam, Service de Virologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.HEM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Male, Multivariate analysis, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, Mali, 01 natural sciences, Hospitals, University, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Prevalence, Medicine, Infection control, 030212 general & internal medicine, education.field_of_study, HIV-prevalence, Coinfection, virus diseases, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Middle Aged, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Marital status, Female, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatitis B virus, Adolescent, Population, Blood donors, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, HBV-prevalence, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, HCV-prevalence, HIV Seroprevalence, Seroprevalence, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Syphilis, Treponema pallidum, Risk factor, education, business.industry, Public health, 010401 analytical chemistry, HIV, medicine.disease, 0104 chemical sciences, Cross-Sectional Studies, business, Demography
Abstract

Background HIV, HBV and HCV remain a global public health concern especially in Africa. Prevalence of these infections is changing and identification of risk factors associated with each infection in Mali is needed to improve medical care. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of all individuals donating blood (n = 8207) in 2018 to the blood bank at university hospital in Bamako, Mali, to assess prevalence and risks factors associated with HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections. Results HIV-seroprevalence was 2.16% and significantly increased with age, being married and decreasing education level. In multivariate analysis, after adjustements with age, marital status and geographical setting, only education level was associated with HIV-infection (OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.15–2.07], p = 0.016). HBsAg prevalence was 14.78% and significantly increased with to be male gender. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, marital status and type of blood donation, education level (OR, 1.17 [95%CI, 1.05–1.31], p = 0.02) and male gender (OR, 1.37 [95%CI, 1.14–1.65], p = 0.005) were associated with HBV-infection. HCV-prevalence was 2.32% and significantly increased with living outside Bamako. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for gender, age and education level, living outside Bamako was associated with HCV-infection (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.41–2.35], p ). Syphilis seroprevalence was very low (0.04%) with only 3 individuals infected. Contrary to a prior study, blood donation type was not, after adjustments, an independent risk factor for each infection. Conclusions Overall, HIV and HBV infection was higher in individuals with a lower level of education, HBV infection was higher in men, and HCV infection was higher in people living outside of Bamako. Compared to studies performed in 1999, 2002 and 2007 in the same population, we found that HIV and HCV prevalence have decreased in the last two decades whereas HBV prevalence has remained stable. Our finding will help guide infection prevention and treatment programs in Mali.

Published
2019

29. Blastocystis Colonization Is Associated with Increased Diversity and Altered Gut Bacterial Communities in Healthy Malian Children

Author

Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné, Stéphane Ranque, Safiatou Doumbo, Fadi Bittar, Abdoulaye Guindo, Didier Raoult, Aly Kodio, Drissa Coulibaly, Salimata Konaté, Frédérique Gouriet, Mahamadou Aly Thera, Département d'Epidémiologie des Affections parasitaires, Malaria Research and training center Université de Bamako, Mali, Université de Bamako, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), and Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Firmicutes, 030106 microbiology, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Gut flora, bacterial gut microbiota, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Article, diversity, Blastocystis, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, medicine, Colonization, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, healthy children, Pathogenic bacteria, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Roseburia, Proteobacteria
Abstract

Blastocystis is the most common protozoan colonizing the gut of vertebrates. It modulates the human digestive microbiota in the absence of inflammation and gastrointestinal disease. Although it has been associated with human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, its pathogenicity remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the influence of Blastocystis on the gut bacterial communities in healthy children. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 147 Blastocystis-colonized and 149 Blastocystis-noncolonized Malian children, with Blastocystis colonization assessed by real-time PCR and gut microbial communities characterized via 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq) sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The gut microbiota diversity was higher in Blastocystis-colonized compared to Blastocystis-noncolonized children. The phyla Firmicutes, Elusimicrobia, Lentisphaerae, and Euryarchaeota were higher in Blastocystis-colonized children, whereas Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, unassigned bacteria, and Deinococcus&ndash, Thermus were higher in Blastocystis-noncolonized children. Moreover, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (family Ruminococcaceae) and Roseburia sp. (family Lachnospiraceae) abundance was higher in Blastocystis-colonized children. We conclude that Blastocystis colonization is significantly associated with a higher diversity of the gut bacterial communities in healthy children, while it is not associated with the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the human gut.

Published
2019

30. In vivo validation of anti-malarial activity of crude extracts of Terminalia macroptera, a Malian medicinal plant

Author

Haidara, Mahamane, Haddad, Mohamed, Denou, Adama, Marti, Guillaume, Bourgeade-Delmas, Sandra, Sanogo, Rokia, Bourdy, Geneviève, Aubouy, Agnès, Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Département de Médecine Traditionnelle, Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique, Bamako, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique [Bamako] (INRSP)

Subjects
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Plasmodium berghei, lcsh:RC955-962, Mali, Plant Roots, Antimalarial activity, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Antimalarials, Mice, In vitro, parasitic diseases, Toxicity Tests, Acute, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, Plants, Medicinal, Toxicity, Plant Extracts, Research, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Plant Leaves, Terminalia macroptera, Plasmodium chabaudi, Terminalia, Plasmodium berghei ANKA, Female, Medicine, Traditional, Mice models
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundPlasmodium falciparum malaria is still one of the most deadly pathology worldwide. Efficient treatment is jeopardized by parasite resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives, and by poor access to treatment in endemic regions. Anti-malarial traditional remedies still offer new tracks for identifying promising antiplasmodial molecules, and a way to ensure that all people have access to care. The present study aims to validate the traditional use of Terminalia macroptera, a Malian plant used in traditional medicine.MethodsTerminalia macroptera was collected in Mali. Leaves (TML) and roots ethanolic extracts (TMR) were prepared and tested at 2000 mg/kg for in vivo acute toxicity in Albino Swiss mice. Antiplasmodial activity of the extracts was assessed against a chloroquine resistant strain P. falciparum (FcB1) in vitro. In vivo, anti-malarial efficacy was assessed by a 4-day suppressive test at 100 mg/kg in two malaria murine models of uncomplicated malaria (Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi infection) and cerebral malaria (Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA infection). Constituents of TMR were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Top ranked compounds were putatively identified using plant databases and in silico fragmentation pattern.ResultsLethal dose of TML and TMR were greater than 2000 mg/kg in Albino Swiss mice. According to the OECD’s Globally Harmonized System of Classification, both extracts are non-toxic orally. Antiplasmodial activity of T. macroptera extracts was confirmed in vitro against P. falciparum FcB1 strain with IC50 values of 1.2 and 1.6 µg/mL for TML and TMR, respectively. In vivo, oral administration of TML and TMR induced significant reduction of parasitaemia (37.2 and 46.4% respectively) in P. chabaudi chabaudi infected mice at the 7th day of infection compared to untreated mice. In the cerebral malaria experimental model, mice treated with TMR and TML presented respectively 50 and 66.7% survival rates at day 9 post-infection when all untreated mice died. Eleven major compounds were found in TMR. Among them, several molecules already known could be responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of the roots extract of T. macroptera.ConclusionsThis study confirms both safety and anti-malarial activity of T. macroptera, thus validating its traditional use.

Published
2018

31. Measuring the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention as part of routine malaria control in Kita, Mali

Author

Fatou Diawara, Abdoulaye Djimde, Mouctar Diallo, Beh Kamate, Laura C. Steinhardt, Issaka Sagara, Diakalia Koné, Alassane Dicko, Halimatou Diawara, Daouda T. Kone, Almahamoudou Mahamar, Jules Mihigo, Tiangoua Traore, Erin Eckert, Aboubacar Sadou, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Malaria Research and Training Center - MRTC [Bamako, Mali], Département d'Epidémiologie des Affections parasitaires, Malaria Research and training center Université de Bamako, Mali, Université de Bamako, Save the Children, Bamako, Mali, National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Malaria Research and Training Centre-Université de Bamako, U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative [Antananarivo] (PMI), U.S. President's Malaria Initiative [Atlanta, GA,], Département d'épidémiologie des affections parasitaires (DEAP), Université de Bamako-Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)-Facultés de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Texas at Arlington [Arlington], Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université de Bamako-Malaria Research and Training Centre, and Lissalde, Claire

Subjects
Male, Veterinary medicine, Cross-sectional study, medicine.medical_treatment, Mali, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Prevalence, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Anemia, 3. Good health, Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, Tolerability, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, cardiovascular system, Female, Seasons, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Sulfadoxine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Amodiaquine, Chemoprevention, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, business.industry, Research, Infant, medicine.disease, Malaria, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Tropical medicine, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

Background Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a new strategy recommended by WHO in areas of highly seasonal transmission in March 2012. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown SMC to be highly effective, evidence and experience from routine implementation of SMC are limited. Methods A non-randomized pragmatic trial with pre-post design was used, with one intervention district (Kita), where four rounds of SMC with sulfadoxine + amodiaquine (SP + AQ) took place in August–November 2014, and one comparison district (Bafoulabe). The primary aims were to evaluate SMC coverage and reductions in prevalence of malaria and anaemia when SMC is delivered through routine programmes using existing community health workers. Children aged 3–59 months from 15 selected localities per district, sampled with probability proportional to size, were surveyed and blood samples collected for malaria blood smears, haemoglobin (Hb) measurement, and molecular markers of drug resistance in two cross-sectional surveys, one before SMC (July 2014) and one after SMC (December 2014). Difference-in-differences regression models were used to assess and compare changes in malaria and anaemia in the intervention and comparison districts. Adherence and tolerability of SMC were assessed by cross-sectional surveys 4–7 days after each SMC round. Coverage of SMC was assessed in the post-SMC survey. Results During round 1, 84% of targeted children received at least the first SMC dose, but coverage declined to 67% by round 4. Across the four treatment rounds, 54% of children received four complete SMC courses. Prevalence of parasitaemia was similar in intervention and comparison districts prior to SMC (23.4 vs 29.5%, p = 0.34) as was the prevalence of malaria illness (2.4 vs 1.9%, p = 0.75). After SMC, parasitaemia prevalence fell to 18% in the intervention district and increased to 46% in the comparison district [difference-in-differences (DD) OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.20–0.60]. Prevalence of malaria illness fell to a greater degree in the intervention district versus the comparison district (DD OR = 0.20; 95% CI 0.04–0.94) and the same for moderate anaemia (Hb

Published
2017

32. Spatio-temporal variation of malaria hotspots in central Senegal, 2008-2012

Author

Martine Piarroux, Jordi Landier, El Hadj Ba, Cheikh Sokhna, Badara Cisse, Jean Gaudart, Boukary Ouedraogo, Renaud Piarroux, Sokhna Dieng, Stanislas Rebaudet, Kankoe Sallah, Abdoulaye Guindo, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Campus International UCAD-IRD [Dakar, Sénégal], Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Épidémiologique et de Formation [Dakar, Sénégal] (IRESSEF), Unité de recherche clinique Paris Nord Val de Seine [Paris] (URC PNVS), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Ministère de la Santé [Burkina Faso], Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital Européen [Fondation Ambroise Paré - Marseille], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Bodescot, Myriam, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)

Subjects
Plasmodium, medicine.medical_specialty, Endemic Diseases, Spatial clusters, Rain, 030231 tropical medicine, Total population, Low transmission, Chemoprevention, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, High transmission, Environmental health, Hotspot (geology), Vegetation type, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, 2. Zero hunger, Non-linear associations, Spatio-temporal dynamic, Incidence, medicine.disease, Senegal, Malaria, Malaria hotspots, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Malaria incidence, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Geostatistical analyses, Tropical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Research Article
Abstract

Background In malaria endemic areas, identifying spatio-temporal hotspots is becoming an important element of innovative control strategies targeting transmission bottlenecks. The aim of this work was to describe the spatio-temporal variation of malaria hotspots in central Senegal and to identify the meteorological, environmental, and preventive factors that influence this variation. Methods This study analysed the weekly incidence of malaria cases recorded from 2008 to 2012 in 575 villages of central Senegal (total population approximately 500,000) as part of a trial of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). Data on weekly rainfall and annual vegetation types were obtained for each village through remote sensing. The time series of weekly malaria incidence for the entire study area was divided into periods of high and low transmission using change-point analysis. Malaria hotspots were detected during each transmission period with the SaTScan method. The effects of rainfall, vegetation type, and SMC intervention on the spatio-temporal variation of malaria hotspots were assessed using a General Additive Mixed Model. Results The malaria incidence for the entire area varied between 0 and 115.34 cases/100,000 person weeks during the study period. During high transmission periods, the cumulative malaria incidence rate varied between 7.53 and 38.1 cases/100,000 person-weeks, and the number of hotspot villages varied between 62 and 147. During low transmission periods, the cumulative malaria incidence rate varied between 0.83 and 2.73 cases/100,000 person-weeks, and the number of hotspot villages varied between 10 and 43. Villages with SMC were less likely to be hotspots (OR = 0.48, IC95%: 0.33–0.68). The association between rainfall and hotspot status was non-linear and depended on both vegetation type and amount of rainfall. The association between village location in the study area and hotspot status was also shown. Conclusion In our study, malaria hotspots varied over space and time according to a combination of meteorological, environmental, and preventive factors. By taking into consideration the environmental and meteorological characteristics common to all hotspots, monitoring of these factors could lead targeted public health interventions at the local level. Moreover, spatial hotspots and foci of malaria persisting during LTPs need to be further addressed. Trial registration The data used in this work were obtained from a clinical trial registered on July 10, 2008 at www.clinicaltrials.gov under NCT00712374.

Published
2019

33. A Voting Procedures Recommender System for Decision-making

Author

Guy Camilleri, Fana Tangara, Pascale Zaraté, Jacqueline Konate, Adama Coulibaly, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako - USTTB ( MALI), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
GRECO, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Voting procedures, Recherche d'information, 02 engineering and technology, Recommender system, 16. Peace & justice, Facilitation tools, Recommendation system, Human–computer interaction, Recommender, 020204 information systems, Voting, Facilitator, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 050203 business & management, media_common, Decision-making
Abstract

International audience; Facilitation is a critical element in decision-making using the tools of new technology. Voting is a tool commonly used in decision making. The choice of a voting procedure is not easy for a novice facilitator. So it is interesting to propose a recommendation system that assists novice facilitators in their voting procedures choice. There are several voting procedures, some of which are difficult to explain and which can elect different options or alternatives. The best choice is one whose election is easily accepted by the group. Voting in social choice theory is a widely studied discipline whose principles are often complex and difficult to explain at a decision-making meeting. So, a recommendation system can alleviate the facilitator on his work in finding adequate voting procedure to be applied in a group decision.

Published
2019

34. Antimalarial stewardship programs are urgently needed for malaria elimination: a perspective

Author

Anne-Lise Bienvenu, Stéphane Picot, Abdoulaye Djimde, Synthèse de Molécules d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (SMITh), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
Short Note, Elimination, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Veterinary (miscellaneous), education, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Pharmacist, 030501 epidemiology, Biology, Guidelines, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Antimicrobial Stewardship, 0302 clinical medicine, Antimalarial drug, Environmental health, Malaria elimination, parasitic diseases, medicine, Antimicrobial stewardship, Stewardship, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Disease Eradication, health care economics and organizations, education.field_of_study, Travel, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Malaria, Treatment, Infectious Diseases, Insect Science, Population Surveillance, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, 0305 other medical science, Malaria control, Healthcare providers
Abstract

Global malaria cases have not been significantly reduced over the last three years although more than USD 3 billion was invested in malaria control and elimination. The reasons for this stagnation are highly complex and multi-factorial. It remains that almost three billion treatment courses were supplied over the period 2010-2017: 30% of them without malaria tests, and some with suboptimal doses leading to the risk of selection of resistant parasites. An antimalarial stewardship program should be implemented at the healthcare provider, physician, pharmacist, medical student, and population levels. This would significantly reinforce the impact of international guidelines and national malaria program policies and fill the gap between recommendations and actual practices.Des programmes de gouvernance du traitement antipaludique sont requis d’urgence pour l’élimination du paludisme : une perspective.Le nombre total de cas de paludisme n’a pas été significativement réduit au cours des trois dernières années bien que plus de 3 milliards de dollars aient été investis dans le contrôle et l’élimination du paludisme. Les raisons de cette stagnation sont complexes et multifactorielles. Néanmoins, presque trois milliards de traitement ont été fournis entre 2010 et 2017 : 30 % d’entre eux sans test de diagnostic du paludisme, certains avec des doses sub-optimales, entrainant le risque de sélection de parasites résistants. Un programme de gouvernance ou « stewardship » devrait être mis en place au niveau des prestataires de santé, des médecins, des pharmaciens, des étudiants en médecine et de la population. Cela renforcerait significativement l’impact des directives internationales et des politiques des programmes nationaux de lutte contre le paludisme, et comblerait le fossé entre les recommandations et les pratiques réelles.

Published
2019

35. A leaf area index data set acquired in Sahelian rangelands of Gourma in Mali over the 2005–2017 period

Author

Véronique Chaffard, Eric Mougin, Valérie Demarez, Pierre Hiernaux, Ali Amadou Maïga, Manuela Grippa, Mamadou Oumar Diawara, Abdramane Ba, Nogmana Soumaguel, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bamako, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement [Mali] (IRD), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, Tree canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 0207 environmental engineering, Sampling (statistics), 02 engineering and technology, Understory, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Geology, Photosynthetically active radiation, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Physical geography, Leaf area index, Rangeland, 020701 environmental engineering, Transect, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The leaf area index of Sahelian rangelands and related variables such as the vegetation cover fraction, the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and the clumping index were measured between 2005 and 2017 in the Gourma region of northern Mali. These variables, known as climate essential variables, were derived from the acquisition and the processing of hemispherical photographs taken along 1 km linear sampling transects for five contrasted canopies and one millet field. The same sampling protocol was applied in a seasonally inundated Acacia open forest, along a 0.5 km transect, by taking photographs of the understorey and the tree canopy. These observations collected over more than a decade, in a remote and not very accessible region, provide a relevant and unique data set that can be used for a better understanding of the Sahelian vegetation response to the current rainfall changes. The collected data can also be used for satellite product evaluation and land surface model development and validation. This paper aims to present the field work that was carried out during 13 successive rainy seasons, the measured vegetation variables, and the associated open database. Finally, a few examples of data use are shown. DOI of the referenced data set: https://doi.org/10.17178/AMMA-CATCH.CE.Veg_Gh.

Published
2019

36. Predicting the likelihood and intensity of mosquito infection from sex specific Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte density

Author

Wamdaogo M. Guelbeogo, Ingrid Chen, Wouter Graumans, Alassane Dicko, Roland Gosling, Rianne Siebelink-Stoter, Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer, Teun Bousema, Dari F. Da, Alfred B. Tiono, Thomas S. Churcher, Chris Drakeley, Will Stone, John S. Bradley, Kjerstin Lanke, Isabelle Morlais, Sandrine E. Nsango, Harouna M Soumare, Anna Cohuet, Halimatou Diawara, Robert W. Sauerwein, Almahamoudou Mahamar, Bronner P. Gonçalves, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département d'Epidémiologie des Affections parasitaires, Malaria Research and training center Université de Bamako, Mali, Université de Bamako, Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso] (CNRFP), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université de Douala, Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [London] (DIDE), Imperial College London, Department of Immunology and Infection, and Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, BLOOD, IMPACT, Anopheles gambiae, gametocytes, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], global health, CHILDREN, law.invention, law, Biology (General), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte, biology, General Neuroscience, General Medicine, Sex specific, Anopheles coluzzii, 3. Good health, Transmission (mechanics), Medicine, epidemiology, MALARIA PARASITE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Sex ratio, SENEGAL, STRATEGIES, TRANSMISSION, QH301-705.5, Science, Plasmodium falciparum, Zoology, P. falciparum, oocyst, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ANTIGENS, Mosquito infection, 03 medical and health sciences, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, parasitic diseases, Gametocyte, Biology, Science & Technology, General Immunology and Microbiology, AREA, sex ratio, biology.organism_classification, RATIOS, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Understanding the importance of gametocyte density on human-to-mosquito transmission is of immediate relevance to malaria control. Previous work (Churcher et al., 2013) indicated a complex relationship between gametocyte density and mosquito infection. Here we use data from 148 feeding experiments on naturally infected gametocyte carriers to show that the relationship is much simpler and depends on both female and male parasite density. The proportion of mosquitoes infected is primarily determined by the density of female gametocytes though transmission from low gametocyte densities may be impeded by a lack of male parasites. Improved precision of gametocyte quantification simplifies the shape of the relationship with infection increasing rapidly before plateauing at higher densities. The mean number of oocysts per mosquito rises quickly with gametocyte density but continues to increase across densities examined. The work highlights the importance of measuring both female and male gametocyte density when estimating the human reservoir of infection.

Published
2018

37. Software services for supporting remote crisis management

Author

Boukaye Boubacar Traore, Fana Tangara, Pierre F. Tiako, Bernard Kamsu-Foguem, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Tiako University (USA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako - USTTB ( MALI), Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Tiako University, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Information management, Service (systems architecture), Telemedicine, Decision support system, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, [INFO.INFO-OH]Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH], Transportation, 02 engineering and technology, Crisis management, Information System, 01 natural sciences, Autre, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Information system, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Software as a service, Tsunami alert, Collaboration, 3. Good health, Risk analysis (engineering), Damages, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, Software as a Service (SaaS)
Abstract

International audience; Crisis management specifies a series of functions or processes for the identification, analysis and forecasting of crisis issues, and the statement of specific ways that would enable an organization to prevent or cope with a crisis. There are some existing techniques for crisis management. However, to our knowledge none of them is focused on the integration of telemedicine acts especially during transportation phase and also between health structures for saving more lives. Therefore, we propose a novel methodological framework for remote crisis management with three main phases: (1) Crisis definition (2) Crisis Analysis and (3) Crisis Management. The Crisis Management phase is based on the organized collaboration of various acts of telemedicine: Teleconsultation, Teleexpertise, Telemonitoring, Teleassistance, and Medical regulation. Each act of tele- medicine provides services to others and can be represented in Software as a Service (SaaS). SaaS design principle considers a software application as a service from which we propose some collaborative services to solve complex crisis management problems. The case studied and modeled concerns the simulation exercise on the Tsunami crisis management in Cannes (France), especially during the transportation phase of patients to various health structures. The proposed methodology adds an additional layer in terms of remote collaboration and information management to improve the management of emergencies and safety, with a view for contributing to protect and save lives when minimizing damages. The expected benefits (main findings) for using the considered approach are not only to provide crisis managers with a relevant computerized decision support system, but also to minimize financial costs, reduce the response time and positively impact the crisis management.

Published
2018

38. Efavirenz and Lopinavir Levels in HIV-Infected Women and Their Nursing Infants, in Mali

Author

Peggy Gandia, Zoumana Diarra, Aliou Bahachimi, Mariam Sylla, Sounkalo Dao, Etienne Chatelut, Robert L. Murphy, Kadiatou Bagayoko-Maiga, Marie Christine Cere, Mamoudou Maiga, AA Oumar, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Purpan (CHU Purpan), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université de Bamako, Northwestern University [Evanston], Referral Health Center V, Partenaires INRAE, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ProdInra, Migration, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cyclopropanes, Male, Pediatrics, AUC, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], apparent infant clearance, HIV Infections, DI, Mali, Lopinavir, chemistry.chemical_compound, CL/F, Tissue Distribution, LOQ, human immunodeficiency virus, IQR, efavirenz, infant plasma, 3. Good health, Breast Feeding, Alkynes, Molecular Medicine, breast milk, Female, Safety, Viral load, ART, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Adolescent, interquartile range, Anti-HIV Agents, dosing interval, antiretroviral therapy, EFV, Mothers, TDF, Breast milk, area under the concentration-time curve, LPV, 03 medical and health sciences, BM, Young Adult, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Pharmacology, business.industry, ZDV, HIV, Infant, MP, 030112 virology, tenofovir, Benzoxazines, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, IP, Ritonavir, maternal plasma, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Breast feeding, Postpartum period, limit of quantification
Abstract

International audience; Limited data are currently available on antiretroviral pharmaco- kinetics in breast milk (BM) and in breastfed infants’ blood. To explore these parameters in patients in Mali, we measured plasma antiretroviral levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected mothers and their breastfed infants over 6 months. We specifically analyzed the concentrations of efavirenz (EFV) and lopinavir (LPV) in the plasma of mothers living with HIV and their breastfed infants. Blood samples were collected at delivery and at month 1, 3, and 6 postpartum. EFV and LPV concentra- tions were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. HIV-1 RNA load was measured by Abbott M2000RT RealTime System at delivery and 6 months post- partum for mothers, and at 3 and 6 months postbirth for infants. The median duration of antiretroviral therapy at study inclusion was 57 months [interquartile range (IQR), 0–168 months]. The median EFV ratios of infant plasma/maternal plasma (MP) were 0.057 at month 1, 0.072 at month 3, and 0.048 at month 6. During the study period, the median BM/MP ratio of EFV was 1.16 (IQR,0.96–20.62), which corresponds to a relative infant dose of 2.46% of the recommended weight-adjusted pediatric EFV dose at month 6. The apparent infant clearance of EFV was 0.146 l/h per kilogram at month 6. The LPV concentrations in the plasma of all infants were undetectable. No drug-related adverse reaction or toxicity was observed in any of the infants. The two women who presented a viral load of .50 copies/ml at month 6 had undetectable plasma drug concentrations at the same period.This study showed that breastfed infants received a low level of EFV but not LPV from their treated mothers.

Published
2018

39. 'Lactomassilus timonensis,' a new anaerobic bacterial species isolated from the milk of a healthy African mother

Author

Togo, A. H., Camara, A., Konate, S., Doumbo, O. K., Raoult, Didier, Million, M., Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Lactomassilus timonensis, fluids and secretions, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Taxonomy, Human breast milk microbiota
Abstract

We here report the main characteristics of a new anaerobic bacterial genus and species ‘Lactomassilus timonensis,’ strain Marseille-P4641T (CSUR = P4641), isolated by microbial culturomics from the milk of a 35-year-old healthy lactating mother from Mali. Keywords: Culturomics, Human breast milk microbiota, Lactomassilus timonensis, Taxonomy

Published
2018

40. Using MALDI-TOF MS to identify mosquitoes collected in Mali and their blood meals

Author

Abdoulaye K. Kone, Sirama Niare, Didier Raoult, Maureen Laroche, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Jean Michel Berenger, Fatalmoudou Tandina, Philippe Parola, Adama Zan Diarra, Abdoulaye Ongoiba, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Université de Bamako, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, Mali, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dogs, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Anopheles, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Chromatography, Sheep, fungi, Equidae, 3. Good health, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Culex, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Culicidae, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Cattle, Chickens, Blood Chemical Analysis
Abstract

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been recently described as an innovative and effective tool for identifying arthropods and mosquito blood meal sources. To test this approach in the context of an entomological survey in the field, mosquitoes were collected from five ecologically distinct areas of Mali. We successfully analysed the blood meals from 651 mosquito abdomens crushed on Whatman filter paper (WFPs) in the field using MALDI-TOF MS. The legs of 826 mosquitoes were then submitted for MALDI-TOF MS analysis in order to identify the different mosquito species. Eight mosquito species were identified, including Anopheles gambiae Giles, Anopheles coluzzii, Anopheles arabiensis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex neavei, Culex perexiguus, Aedes aegypti and Aedes fowleri in Mali. The field mosquitoes for which MALDI-TOF MS did not provide successful identification were not previously available in our database. These specimens were subsequently molecularly identified. The WFP blood meal sources found in this study were matched against human blood (n = 619), chicken blood (n = 9), cow blood (n = 9), donkey blood (n = 6), dog blood (n = 5) and sheep blood (n = 3). This study reinforces the fact that MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool for entomological surveys.

Published
2018

41. AMMA-CATCH, a critical zone observatory in West Africa monitoring a megion in transition

Author

Galle, Sylvie, Grippa, M., Bouzou Moussa, I., Cappelaere, B., Demarty, J., Mougin, E., Panthou, G., Adjomayi, P., Bâ, A., Boucher, M., Cohard, J, Descloitres, Marc, Descroix, Luc, Abdou, Malam, Malam-Issa, Oumarou, Agbossou, E., Cohard, M., 14, Sambou, Vouillamoz, J-M, Chazarin, J-P, 11, Mamane, Peugeot, C., Diawara, M., Dossou, M., Favreau, G., Gangneron, F., Gosset, M., Hector, B., Hiernaux, P., Issoufou, B., Kergoat, L., Lawin, E., Lebel, T., Legchenko, A., Malam-Issa, O., Mamadou, O., Nazoumou, Y., Pellarin, T., Quantin, G., Sambou, B., Seghieri, J., Seguis, L., Vandervaere, J., Vischel, T., Vouillamoz, M., Zannou, A., Afouda, S., Alhassane, A., Arjounin, M., Ba, H., Biron, R., Cazenave, F., Chaffard, V., Guyard, H., Koné, A., Mainassara, I., Mamane, A., Oi, M., Ouani, T., Soumaguel, N., Wubda, M., Ago, E., Alle, C., Allies, A., Arpin-Pont, F., Awessou, B., Cassé, C., Charvet, G., Dardel, C., Depeyre, A., Diallo, B., Do, T., Fatras, C., Frappart, F., Gal, L., Gascon, T., Gibon, F., Guiro, I., Ingatan, A., Kempf, J., Kotchoni, O., Lawson, M., Leauthaud, C., Louvet, S., Mason, E., Nguyen, C., Perrimond, B., Pierre, C., Richard, A., Robert, E., Román-Cascón, C., Velluet, C., Wilcox, C., Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France, Direction Générale de l'Eau, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Zinder - University of Zinder [Zinder, Niger], IRD Représentation du Niger, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université A. Moumouni, HYBIS, Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Civil Engineering Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Direction Générale de l'Eau (DGE), Ministère des Mines, de l'Energie et de l'Eau, Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guinée]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Observatoire AMMA-Catch (IRD), Observatoire AMMA-Catch, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Toulouse], ONERA, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecoclimasol, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Ministry of Research, OSUG, OREME, OMP, OSUG@2020 LabEx, SOERE RBV, CRITEX EquipEx [ANR-11-EQPX-0011], ANR: 11-EQPX-0011,CRITEX,Parc national d'équipements innovants pour l'étude spatiale et temporelle de la Zone Critique des Bassins Versants(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction Générale de l'Eau [Bénin] (DGEau), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Dan Dicko Dan koulodo de Maradi (UDDM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-EQPX-0011,CRITEX,Parc national d'équipements innovants pour l'étude spatiale et temporelle de la Zone Critique des Bassins Versants(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Department of Applied Geophysics, Technische Universität Berlin (TUB)-Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), Institut de gestion des entreprises -USJ (IGE), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Laboratoire d'étude des interactions entre sols, agrosystèmes et hydrosystèmes (LISAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département de Géographie, Université de Niamey, Geology Department, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), University of California (UC), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
CENTRAL SAHEL, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Water balance, Démographie, 11. Sustainability, Water cycle, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Hydrologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, lcsh:GE1-350, Régime hydrique du sol, Utilisation des terres, CLIMATE-CHANGE, lcsh:QE1-996.5, GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION, Groundwater recharge, LAND-SURFACE, Geography, SEMIARNIGER, SATELLITE DATA, Ressource en eau, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Soil Science, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Context (language use), HARD-ROCK AQUIFERS, Monsoon, 12. Responsible consumption, SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE, MONSOON MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS, WATER STORAGE CHANGES, Mesure, Couverture végétale, P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, Changement climatique, Land use, Analyse de données, Global change, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Climatologie, Physical geography, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Surface runoff
Abstract

International audience; West Africa is a region in fast transition from climate, demography, and land use perspectives. In this context, the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA)-Couplage de l'Atmosphere Tropicale et du Cycle eco-Hydrologique (CATCH) long-term regional observatory was developed to monitor the impacts of global change on the critical zone of West Africa and to better understand its current and future dynamics. The observatory is organized into three thematic axes, which drive the observation and instrumentation strategy: (i) analyze the long-term evolution of eco-hydrosystems from a regional perspective; (ii) better understand critical zone processes and their variability; and (iii) meet socioeconomic and development needs. To achieve these goals, the observatory has gathered data since 1990 from four densely instrumented mesoscale sites (similar to 10(4) km(2) each), located at different latitudes (Benin, Niger, Mali, and Senegal) so as to sample the sharp eco-climatic gradient that is characteristic of the region. Simultaneous monitoring of the vegetation cover and of various components of the water balance at these four sites has provided new insights into the seemingly paradoxical eco-hydrological changes observed in the Sahel during the last decades: groundwater recharge and/ or runoff intensification despite rainfall deficit and subsequent re-greening with still increasing runoff. Hydrological processes and the role of certain key landscape features are highlighted, as well as the importance of an appropriate description of soil and subsoil characteristics. Applications of these scientific results for sustainable development issues are proposed. Finally, detecting and attributing eco-hydrological changes and identifying possible regime shifts in the hydrologic cycle are the next challenges that need to be faced.

Published
2018

42. Out of Southern East Asia of the Brown Rat Revealed by Large-Scale Genome Sequencing

Author

Chen Ming, Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei, Gérard Rocamora, Yan Li, Serge Morand, Stephen C. Donnellan, Yong-Gang Yao, Saeed S. Sohrabi, Ali Esmailizadeh, Xiao-Hui Liu, Ya-Ping Zhang, Fabrice Brescia, Dong-Dong Wu, David M. Irwin, Ken Aplin, Ying Song, Yan-Hua Su, Zhi-Bin Zhang, Lin Zeng, Ling-Yan Su, He-Qun Liu, Solimane Ag Atteynine, Ming-Sheng Peng, Ming-Shan Wang, Newton O. Otecko, Ambroise Dalecky, Haipeng Li, Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Yunnan Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Adelaide, South Australian Museum (SAM), Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), IPP ( Institute of Plant Protection ), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing], Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université des Seychelles, Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Centre d'Infectiologie Christophe Mérieux du Laos, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (LMP), University of Toronto, This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No XDB13020600, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91731304). N.O.O. thanks the support of CAS-TWAS President's Fellowship Program for Doctoral Candidates., Kunming Institute of Zoology, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), South Australian Museum, and Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Scale (anatomy), Brown rat, Demographic history, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, DNA sequencing, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Middle East, Genetics, origin, Animals, East Asia, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Asia, Southeastern, Phylogeny, Natural selection, biology, Whole Genome Sequencing, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Genetic Variation, natural selection, biology.organism_classification, demographic history, Rattus norvegicus, Biological Evolution, Rats, Europe, Phylogeography, 030104 developmental biology, Genetics, Population, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Africa
Abstract

International audience; The geographic origin and migration of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) remain subjects of considerable debate. In this study, we sequenced whole genomes of 110 wild brown rats with a diverse world-wide representation. We reveal that brown rats migrated out of southern East Asia, rather than northern Asia as formerly suggested, into the Middle East and then to Europe and Africa, thousands of years ago. Comparison of genomes from different geographical populations reveals that many genes involved in the immune system experienced positive selection in the wild brown rat.

Published
2017

43. Gut Bacteria Missing in Severe Acute Malnutrition, Can We Identify Potential Probiotics by Culturomics?

Author

Alou, Maryam Tidjani, Million, Matthieu, Traore, Sory I., Mouelhi, Donia, Khelaifia, Saber, Bachar, Dipankar, Caputo, Aurelia, Delerce, Jeremy, Brah, Souleymane, Alhousseini, Daouda, Sokhna, Cheikh, Robert, Catherine, Diallo, Bouli A., Diallo, Aldiouma, Parola, Philippe, Golden, Michael, Lagier, Jean-Christophe, Raoult, Didier, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], University of Aberdeen, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, and Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
metagenomics, Culturomics, gut microbiota, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Probiotics, severe acute malnutrition, Gut microbiota, culturomics, Microbiology, digestive system, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, kwashiorkor, probiotics, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Severe acute malnutrition, Kwashiorkor, Metagenomics, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; Severe acute malnutrition is the world-leading cause of children under-five's death. Recent metagenomics studies have established a link between gut microbiota and severe acute malnutrition, describing an immaturity with a striking depletion in oxygen sensitive prokaryotes. Amoxicillin and therapeutic diet cure most of the children with severe acute malnutrition but an irreversible disruption of the gut microbiota is suspected in the refractory and most severe cases. In these cases, therapeutic diet may be unable to reverse the microbiota alteration leading to persistent impaired development or death. In addition, as enteric sepsis is a major cause of death in this context, identification of missing gut microbes to be tested as probiotics (live bacteria that confer a benefit to the host) to restore rapidly the healthy gut microbiota and prevent the gut pathogenic invasion is of foremost importance. In this study, stool samples of malnourished patients with kwashiorkor and healthy children were collected from Niger and Senegal and analyzed by culturomics and metagenomics. We found a globally decreased diversity, a decrease in the hitherto unknown diversity (new species isolation), a depletion in oxygen sensitive prokaryotes including Methanobrevibacter smithii and an enrichment in potentially pathogenic Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Streptococcus gallolyticus. A complex of 12 species identified only in healthy children using culturomics and metagenomics were identified as probiotics candidates, providing a possible, defined, reproducible, safe, and convenient alternative to fecal transplantation to restore a healthy gut microbiota in malnourished children. Microbiotherapy based on selected strains has the potential to improve the current treatment of severe acute malnutrition and prevent relapse and death by reestablishing a healthy gut microbiota.

Published
2017

44. Implementing Voting Tools in GRUS

Author

Coulibaly, Adama, Zaraté, Pascale, Camilleri, Guy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako - USTTB ( MALI), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Logique en informatique, GRUS, Voting procedures, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Informatique et langage, Intelligence artificielle, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Apprentissage, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], GDSS, H- INFORMATIQUE, Voting tools, Decision making
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this work is to develop a recommendation system to help to choose a voting procedure. For this purpose, we have to implement these voting procedures in a GDSS (Group Decision Support Systems). Therefore, it involves to review the literature on voting procedures and voting tools in order to know their functionality. We will use a practical example to show the level of implementation of the platform in its current state. Finally, we will invoke the perspectives of future work to continue to improve the voting tools of GRUS (GRoUp Support).

Published
2017

45. A Decision Support System for Multiple Criteria Decision Making Problems

Author

Yazdani, Morteza, Fomba, Soumana, Zaraté, Pascale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako - USTTB ( MALI), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
Logique en informatique, COPRAS, MOORA, SysTem of RecOmmendation Multi-criteria, STROMa, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Informatique et langage, Intelligence artificielle, Complex proportional assessment, Multi objective optimization based on ratio analysis, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Apprentissage, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Multiple criteria decision making, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], H- INFORMATIQUE, Decision support system, MCDM, DSS
Abstract

International audience; Configuration of a system for decision making problem which facilitates decision process and enables users to get higher quality advantages is a deal always in academic communities. This paper deals with proposing and constructing decision making system performing online software. The system implements the algorithm of MOORA and COPRAS techniques with an example of robot selection to test the applicability and validate multi criteria decision problem results. Results shows COPRAS and MOORA ranking of robots are very close to each other especially the 1st and second top alternatives. The software can be extended to the other decision making problems as well.

Published
2017

46. Molecular and MALDI-TOF identification of ticks and tick-associated bacteria in Mali

Author

Jean Michel Berenger, Didier Raoult, Adama Zan Diarra, Lionel Almeras, Philippe Parola, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Maureen Laroche, Zakaria Bocoum, Abdoulaye Dabo, Abdoulaye K. Kone, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d’Infectiologie de Terrain, Unité de Parasitologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire [Bamako, Mali], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), COMBE, Isabelle, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 030231 tropical medicine, Disease Vectors, Tick, Mali, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Ticks, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Borrelia, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Bacteria, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, biology.organism_classification, Coxiella burnetii, bacterial infections and mycoses, Anaplasmataceae, 3. Good health, Rhipicephalus, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Rickettsia, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Amblyomma variegatum, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract

International audience; Ticks are considered the second vector of human and animal diseases after mosquitoes. Therefore, identification of ticks and associated pathogens is an important step in the management of these vectors. In recent years, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been reported as a promising method for the identification of arthropods including ticks. The objective of this study was to improve the conditions for the preparation of tick samples for their identification by MALDI-TOF MS from field-collected ethanol-stored Malian samples and to evaluate the capacity of this technology to distinguish infected and uninfected ticks. A total of 1,333 ticks were collected from mammals in three distinct sites from Mali. Morphological identification allowed classification of ticks into 6 species including Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma truncatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sl. Among those, 471 ticks were randomly selected for molecular and proteomic analyses. Tick legs submitted to MALDI-TOF MS revealed a concordant morpho/molecular identification of 99.6%. The inclusion in our MALDI-TOF MS arthropod database of MS reference spectra from ethanol-preserved tick leg specimens was required to obtain reliable identification. When tested by molecular tools, 76.6%, 37.6%, 20.8% and 1.1% of the specimens tested were positive for Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetii, Anaplasmataceae and Borrelia spp., respectively. These results support the fact that MALDI-TOF is a reliable tool for the identification of ticks conserved in alcohol and enhances knowledge about the diversity of tick species and pathogens transmitted by ticks circulating in Mali.

Published
2017

47. Qualitative and quantitative HIV antibodies and viral reservoir size characterization in vertically infected children with virological suppression

Author

Sidonie Lambert-Niclot, Joséphine Brice, Fatoumata Telly, Eve Todesco, Deenan Pillay, Souleymane Diallo, Maxime Grude, Almoustapha Issiaka Maiga, Sophie Sayon, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Robert L. Murphy, Mariam Sylla, Djeneba Bocar-Fofana, Anne Derache, Vincent Calvez, Francis Barin, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de virologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre hospitalo-universitaire Gabriel Touré, Unité d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire de la Résistance du VIH, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Africa Health Research Institute [Durban/Mtubatuba] (AHRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Service de Virologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Younger age, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, HIV Antibodies, medicine.disease_cause, Early initiation, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Antibody activity, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Child, Original Research, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, biology, Low activity, virus diseases, Viral Load, highly active child, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Antibody, After treatment, Microbiology (medical), Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, antiretroviral therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Humans, Viremia, Pharmacology, business.industry, HIV, Virology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Immunology, biology.protein, HIV-1, business, Serostatus
Abstract

International audience; Background: Absence of detectable viraemia after treatment cessation in some vertically HIV-infected (VHIV) children suggests that early initiation of HAART could lead to functional cure.Objectives: We described the factors associated with HIV antibody levels and the viral reservoir size in HAART-treated VHIV children.Methods: Study included 97 VHIV children with virological suppression, in Bamako, Mali. The anti-gp41 antibody activities and HIV serostatus were assessed. The viral reservoir size was measured by quantifying total cell-associated HIV DNA.Results: Among the children studied, the median total HIV DNA level was 445 copies/106 cells (IQR = 187–914) and the median anti-gp41 antibody activity was 0.29 OD (IQR = 0.18–0.75). Low activity of anti-gp41 antibodies was associated with a younger age of HAART initiation (P = 0.01). Overall, eight HIV-1 seroreversions were identified.Conclusions: Study identified potential candidates with low viral reservoir and low antibody levels or activities for future trials aiming to reduce HIV-1 reservoir to limit HAART duration.

Published
2016

48. Evolutionary history of the brown rat: out of southern East Asia and selection

Author

Dong-Dong Wu, Serge Morand, Ya-Ping Zhang, Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei, Lin Zeng, He Qun Liu, Saeed S. Sohrabi, Ming Sheng Peng, Ali Esmailizadeh, Fabrice Brescia, Newton O. Otecko, Zhi-Bin Zhang, Solimane Ag Atteynine, Yong-Hong Yao, Yan-Hua Su, Stephen C. Donnellan, Li Y, Ambroise Dalecky, Gérard Rocamora, David M. Irwin, Haipeng Li, L. Y. Su, Chen Ming, Ying Song, Xiaohiu Liu, Ken Aplin, Ming Shan Wang, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Yunnan Agricultural University, Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), South Australian Museum, and Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Australian National Wildlife Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry [Aachen], Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Institute of Zoology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Université des Seychelles, Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry [Aachen] (IAC RWTH), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Brown rat, biology, Positive selection, Energy metabolism, Zoology, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Laboratory rat, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Biological dispersal, East Asia, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Domestication, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Selection (genetic algorithm), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) is found wherever humans live and transmits many diseases, and its breeding produced the laboratory rat used widely in medical research. Here, we sequenced whole genomes from 118 rats to explore the origin and dispersal routes of the brown rat and the domestication of the laboratory rat. We showed that brown rats migrated about 3600 years ago from southern East Asia, rather than Northern Asia as formerly suggested, to the Middle East and then to Europe and Africa. Many genes involved in the immune system experienced positive selection in the wild brown rat, while genes involved in the nervous system and energy metabolism showed evidence of artificial selection during the domestication of laboratory strains. Our findings demystify the puzzling origin and migration of brown rats and reveal the impact of evolution and domestication on this animal.

Published
2016

49. Medicinal Plants Used in Mali for the Treatment of Malaria and Liver Diseases

Author

Sergio Giani, Geneviève Bourdy, Rokia Sanogo, Korotoumou Traoré, Mahamane Haidara, Nunziatina De Tommasi, Alessandra Braca, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Salerno (UNISA), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Aide au Développement de la Médecine Traditionnelle (Aidemet ), Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique [Bamako] (INRSP), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Pise, and Département de Médecine Traditionnelle, Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique, Bamako

Subjects
COCHLOSPERMUM-TINCTORIUM, Mali, Malaria, Liver diseases, Medicinal plants, Phytomedicines, Nauclea, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MITRAGYNA-INERMIS, AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACT, TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, DIPHENYLMETHYL-SUBSTITUTED XANTHONES, Plant Science, Mali, 01 natural sciences, Argemone mexicana, Antimalarials, TRICHILIA-EMETICA, Medicinal plants, Drug Discovery, parasitic diseases, Combretum micranthum, medicine, Humans, VITRO ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY, TINCTORIUM A. RICH, Artemisinin, Liver diseases, Pharmacology, Phytomedicines, ENTADA-AFRICANA, Combretaceae, Plants, Medicinal, biology, Traditional medicine, 010405 organic chemistry, Liver Diseases, General Medicine, IN-VITRO, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Malaria, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Complementary and alternative medicine, Trichilia emetica, medicine.drug, Phytotherapy
Abstract

International audience; Today, ethno-pharmacology is a very important resource in order to discover new therapies for the current diseases. Moreover, another good justification for the ethno-pharmacological approach is to obtain new, effective, less expensive and simple therapies, limiting at the same time the cost of pharmaceutical research. Two major anti-malarial drugs widely used today, i.e. quinine and artemisinin, came respectively from Peruvian and Chinese ancestral treatments reported in the traditional medicines. In this contest, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new drugs, due to the critical epidemiological situation of this disease and to the growth of resistances. In Mali, malaria and liver diseases remain one of the leading public health problems. Many medicinal plants are often used, in local traditional medicine, for the treatment at the same time of malaria and liver diseases, including hepatic syndromes, jaundice, hepatitis and other hepatic disorders. Moreover, in the local language Bamanan, the word "Sumaya" is used both for malaria and some liver diseases. In addition, we noted that some of the improved traditional phytomedicines produced by the Department of Traditional Medicine are prescribed by modem doctors both for malaria and liver diseases. In this review, pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical data on Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae), Cochlospermum tinctorium Pen. ex A. Rich (Cochlospermaceae), Combretum micranthum G.Don (Combretaceae), Entada africana Guillet Pen. (Mimosaceae), Erythrina senegalensis A. DC (Fabaceae), Mitragyna inermis (Willd) Kuntze (Rubiaceae), Nauclea latifolia Smith syn. Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (Rubiaceae), Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae), Trichilia emetica Vahl. (Meliaceae), and Vernonia colorata (Willd) Drake (Asteraceae) are reported. Some of the collected data could be used to improve the actual herbal drugs and to propose new phytomedicines for the management of malaria and liver diseases.

Published
2016

50. Mortality and Morbidity of Urban Road Traffic Crashes in Africa: Capture-Recapture Estimates in Bamako, Mali, 2012

Author

Benjamin Contrand, Pascal Staccini, Mamadou S. Traoré, Hammadoum A. Sango, Jean Testa, Nicolas Meda, Emmanuel Lagarde, Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Ministère de la Santé [Burkina Faso], Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Prévention et prise en charge des traumatismes [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique [Bamako] (INRSP), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)

Subjects
Male, Urban Population, Epidemiology, Poison control, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Crash, Transportation, Criminology, Mali, Occupational safety and health, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Health facility, Sociology, 11. Sustainability, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, Health Systems Strengthening, Child, Disease surveillance, Multidisciplinary, Death rates, Mortality rate, Incidence, 05 social sciences, Accidents, Traffic, Middle Aged, Transportation Infrastructure, Police, 3. Good health, Professions, Child, Preschool, Engineering and Technology, Female, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Road traffic collisions, Pedestrian, Civil Engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Population Metrics, Environmental health, 0502 economics and business, Humans, Sex Distribution, Developing Countries, Demography, Aged, 050210 logistics & transportation, Health Care Policy, Population Biology, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:R, Urbanization, Infant, Newborn, Biology and Life Sciences, Infant, Traffic safety, Roads, Health Care, Age Groups, People and Places, Africa, Wounds and Injuries, lcsh:Q, Population Groupings, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Health Statistics, Morbidity, business, human activities
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND:Low- and middle-income countries are currently facing the massive public health challenge of road traffic injuries. The lack of effective surveillance systems hinders proper assessment of epidemiologic status and intervention priorities. The objective of our study was to estimate the mortality and morbidity attributable to road crashes in Bamako, Mali using the capture-recapture method.METHODS:During the 1 January, 2012-31 April, 2012 period, we collected data on road traffic crashes from the road accident registers of the police forces of Bamako, Mali on the one hand, and from a register kept by health facilities in the same area. An automatic, then manual matching procedure was performed to find pairs of records related to the same crash victims. The number of victims and the number of fatalities were estimated by the capture-recapture method using the Chapman estimator.RESULTS:The health facility and the police registries included 3587 and 1432 records, respectively. The matching procedure identified 603 common records, 31 of which were fatalities. The annual incidence estimate for road victims was 1038 in 100 000 and the annual incidence estimate for road fatalities was 12 in 100 000. Victims from both sources were more likely to be male, in the 15-34 age group, and almost half of all injured road users and two in three fatalities were using motorized two-wheelers. One victim out of five was a pedestrian.CONCLUSION:Our estimates are in line with available literature data from low-income countries. While more cases were reported by health facilities than by police forces, we believe that an effective surveillance system should not be based solely on medical reports as much would be missing as regards the crash circumstances and characteristics.

Published
2016

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