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87 results on '"Salmerón, D."'

1. Strategies to Prepare Chitin and Chitosan-Based Bioactive Structures Aided by Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review

Author: Durante-Salmerón, D. Alonzo, primary, Fraile-Gutiérrez, Isabel, additional, Gil-Gonzalo, Rubén, additional, Acosta, Niuris, additional, Aranaz, Inmaculada, additional, and Alcántara, Andrés R., additional
Published: 2024
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2. Chitosan-Coated Liposome Formulations for Encapsulation of Ciprofloxacin and Etoposide.

Author: Gil-Gonzalo, Rubén, Durante-Salmerón, D. Alonzo, Pouri, Saeedeh, Doncel-Pérez, Ernesto, Alcántara, Andrés R., Aranaz, Inmaculada, and Acosta, Niuris
Subjects: *ORAL drug administration, *DRUG delivery systems, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *LIPOSOMES, *ZETA potential, *SURFACE charges
Abstract: Cancer and bacterial infections rank among the most significant global health threats. accounting for roughly 25 million fatalities each year. This statistic underscores the urgent necessity for developing novel drugs, enhancing current treatments, and implementing systems that boost their bioavailability to achieve superior therapeutic outcomes. Liposomes have been recognised as effective carriers; nonetheless, they encounter issues with long-term stability and structural integrity, which limit their pharmaceutical applicability. Chitosomes (chitosan-coated liposomes) are generally a good alternative to solve these issues. This research aims to demonstrate the effective individual encapsulation of ciprofloxacin (antibacterial, hydrophilic) and etoposide (anticancer, hydrophobic), within chitosomes to create more effective drug delivery systems (oral administration for ciprofloxacin, parenteral administration for etoposide). Thus, liposomes and chitosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration technique and were characterised through ATR-FTIR, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and release profiling. In both cases, the application of chitosomes enhanced long-term stability in size and surface charge. Chitosome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin formulations exhibited a slower and sustained release profile, while the combined effect of etoposide and chitosan showed heightened efficacy against the glioblastoma cell line U373. Therefore, coating liposomes with chitosan improved the encapsulation system's properties, resulting in a promising method for drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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3. Childhood and Adolescent Central Nervous System Tumours in Spain: Incidence and Survival over 20 Years: A Historical Baseline for Current Assessment

Author: Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chirlaque MD; Peris-Bonet R; Sánchez A; Cruz O; Marcos-Gragera R; Gutiérrez-Ávila G; Quirós-García JR; Almela-Vich F; López de Munain A; Sánchez MJ; Franch-Sureda P; Ardanaz E; Galceran J; Martos C; Salmerón D; Gatta G; Botta L; Cañete A; The Spanish Childhood Cancer Epidemiology Working Group, Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Chirlaque MD; Peris-Bonet R; Sánchez A; Cruz O; Marcos-Gragera R; Gutiérrez-Ávila G; Quirós-García JR; Almela-Vich F; López de Munain A; Sánchez MJ; Franch-Sureda P; Ardanaz E; Galceran J; Martos C; Salmerón D; Gatta G; Botta L; Cañete A; The Spanish Childhood Cancer Epidemiology Working Group
Abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are highly frequent solid tumours in children and adolescents. While some studies have shown a rise in their incidence in Europe, others have not. Survival remains limited. We addressed two questions about these tumours in Spain: (1) Is incidence increasing? and (2) Has survival improved?This population-based study included 1635 children and 328 adolescents from 11 population-based cancer registries with International Classification of Childhood Cancer Group III tumours, incident in 1983-2007. Age-specific and age-standardised (world population) incidence rates (ASRws) were calculated. Incidence time trends were characterised using annual percent change (APC) obtained with Joinpoint. Cases from 1991 to 2005 (1171) were included in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, and the results were evaluated with log-rank and log-rank for trend tests. Children's survival was age-standardised using: (1) the age distribution of cases and the corresponding trends assessed with Joinpoint; and (2) European weights for comparison with Europe.ASRw 1983-2007: children: 32.7 cases/106; adolescents: 23.5 cases/106. The overall incidence of all tumours increased across 1983-2007 in children and adolescents. Considering change points, the APCs were: (1) children: 1983-1993, 4.3%^ (1.1; 7.7); 1993-2007, -0.2% (-1.9; 1.6); (2) adolescents: 1983-2004: 2.9%^ (0.9; 4.9); 2004-2007: -7.7% (-40; 41.9). For malignant tumours, the trends were not significant. 5-year survival was 65% (1991-2005), with no significant trends (except for non-malignant tumours).CNS tumour incidence in Spain was found to be similar to that in Europe. Rises in incidence may be mostly attributable to changes in the registration of non-malignant tumours. The overall malignant CNS tumour trend
Published: 2023

4. Objective Bayesian model selection approach to the two way analysis of variance

Author: Cano, J. A., Carazo, C., and Salmerón, D.
Published: 2017
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5. OBJECTIVE BAYESIAN HYPOTHESIS TESTING IN BINOMIAL REGRESSION MODELS WITH INTEGRAL PRIOR DISTRIBUTIONS

Author: Salmerón, D., Cano, J. A., and Robert, C. P.
Published: 2015

6. Lung cancer prognosis in Spain: The role of histology, age and sex

Author: Salmerón, D., Chirlaque, M.D., Isabel Izarzugaza, M., Sánchez, M.J., Marcos-Gragera, R., Ardanaz, E., Galceran, J., Mateos, A., and Navarro, C.
Published: 2012
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7. Childhood cancer incidence and survival in Spain

Author: Peris-Bonet, R., Salmerón, D., Martínez-Beneito, M.A., Galceran, J., Marcos-Gragera, R., Felipe, S., González, V., and Sánchez de Toledo Codina, J.
Published: 2010
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8. Cancer survival in Spain: estimate for nine major cancers

Author: Chirlaque, M.D., Salmerón, D., Ardanaz, E., Galceran, J., Martínez, R., Marcos-Gragera, R., Sánchez, M.J., Mateos, A., Torrella, A., Capocaccia, R., and Navarro, C.
Published: 2010
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9. Bayesian model selection approach to the one way analysis of variance under homoscedasticity

Author: Cano, J. A., Carazo, C., and Salmerón, D.
Published: 2013
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10. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author: Iurilli, M.L.C. Zhou, B. Bennett, J.E. Carrillo-Larco, R.M. Sophiea, M.K. Rodriguez-Martinez, A. Bixby, H. Solomon, B.D. Taddei, C. Danaei, G. Di Cesare, M. Stevens, G.A. Riley, L.M. Savin, S. Cowan, M.J. Bovet, P. Damasceno, A. Chirita-Emandi, A. Hayes, A.J. Ikeda, N. Jackson, R.T. Khang, Y.-H. Laxmaiah, A. Liu, J. Miranda, J.J. Saidi, O. Sebert, S. Sorić, M. Starc, G. Gregg, E.W. Abarca-Gómez, L. Abdeen, Z.A. Abdrakhmanova, S. Ghaffar, S.A. Rahim, H.F.A. Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. Garba, J.A. Acosta-Cazares, B. Adams, R.J. Aekplakorn, W. Afsana, K. Afzal, S. Agdeppa, I.A. Aghazadeh-Attari, J. Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. Agyemang, C. Ahmad, M.H. Ahmad, N.A. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadi, N. Ahmed, S.H. Ahrens, W. Aitmurzaeva, G. Ajlouni, K. Al-Hazzaa, H.M. Al-Lahou, B. Al-Raddadi, R. Alarouj, M. AlBuhairan, F. AlDhukair, S. Ali, M.M. Alkandari, A. Alkerwi, A. Allin, K. Alvarez-Pedrerol, M. Aly, E. Amarapurkar, D.N. Amiri, P. Amougou, N. Amouyel, P. Andersen, L.B. Anderssen, S.A. Ängquist, L. Anjana, R.M. Ansari-Moghaddam, A. Aounallah-Skhiri, H. Araújo, J. Ariansen, I. Aris, T. Arku, R.E. Arlappa, N. Aryal, K.K. Aspelund, T. Assah, F.K. Assunção, M.C.F. Aung, M.S. Auvinen, J. Mária Avdicová Avi, S. Azevedo, A. Azimi-Nezhad, M. Azizi, F. Azmin, M. Babu, B.V. Bæksgaard Jørgensen, M. Baharudin, A. Bahijri, S. Baker, J.L. Balakrishna, N. Bamoshmoosh, M. Banach, M. Bandosz, P. Banegas, J.R. Baran, J. Barbagallo, C.M. Barceló, A. Barkat, A. Barros, A.J.D. Barros, M.V.G. Basit, A. Bastos, J.L.D. Bata, I. Batieha, A.M. Batista, R.L. Battakova, Z. Batyrbek, A. Baur, L.A. Beaglehole, R. Bel-Serrat, S. Belavendra, A. Romdhane, H.B. Benedics, J. Benet, M. Bergh, I.H. Berkinbayev, S. Bernabe-Ortiz, A. Bernotiene, G. Bettiol, H. Bezerra, J. Bhagyalaxmi, A. Bharadwaj, S. Bhargava, S.K. Bhutta, Z.A. Bi, H. Bi, Y. Bia, D. Lele, E.C.B. Bikbov, M.M. Bista, B. Bjelica, D.J. Bjerregaard, P. Bjertness, E. Bjertness, M.B. Björkelund, C. Bloch, K.V. Blokstra, A. Bo, S. Bobak, M. Boddy, L.M. Boehm, B.O. Boeing, H. Boggia, J.G. Bogova, E. Boissonnet, C.P. Bojesen, S.E. Bonaccio, M. Bongard, V. Bonilla-Vargas, A. Bopp, M. Borghs, H. Braeckevelt, L. Braeckman, L. Bragt, M.C.E. Brajkovich, I. Branca, F. Breckenkamp, J. Breda, J. Brenner, H. Brewster, L.M. Brian, G.R. Brinduse, L. Brophy, S. Bruno, G. Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. Bugge, A. Buoncristiano, M. Burazeri, G. Burns, C. de León, A.C. Cacciottolo, J. Cai, H. Cama, T. Cameron, C. Camolas, J. Can, G. Candido, A.P.C. Cañete, F. Capanzana, M.V. Capková, N. Capuano, E. Capuano, V. Cardol, M. Cardoso, V.C. Carlsson, A.C. Carmuega, E. Carvalho, J. Casajús, J.A. Casanueva, F.F. Celikcan, E. Censi, L. Cervantes-Loaiza, M. Cesar, J.A. Chamukuttan, S. Chan, A.W. Chan, Q. Chaturvedi, H.K. Chaturvedi, N. Rahim, N.C.A. Chee, M.L. Chen, C.-J. Chen, F. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, Z. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheraghian, B. Chetrit, A. Chikova-Iscener, E. Chiolero, A. Chiou, S.-T. Chirlaque, M.-D. Cho, B. Christensen, K. Christofaro, D.G. Chudek, J. Cifkova, R. Cilia, M. Cinteza, E. Claessens, F. Clarke, J. Clays, E. Cohen, E. Concin, H. Confortin, S.C. Cooper, C. Coppinger, T.C. Corpeleijn, E. Costanzo, S. Cottel, D. Cowell, C. Craig, C.L. Crampin, A.C. Crujeiras, A.B. Csilla, S. Cucu, A.M. Cui, L. Cureau, F.V. Czenczek-Lewandowska, E. D’Arrigo, G. d’Orsi, E. Dacica, L. Dal Re Saavedra, M.A. Dallongeville, J. Damsgaard, C.T. Dankner, R. Dantoft, T.M. Dasgupta, P. Dastgiri, S. Dauchet, L. Davletov, K. De Backer, G. De Bacquer, D. de Gaetano, G. De Henauw, S. de Oliveira, P.D. De Ridder, D. De Ridder, K. de Rooij, S.R. De Smedt, D. Deepa, M. Deev, A.D. DeGennaro, V., Jr Dehghan, A. Delisle, H. Delpeuch, F. Demarest, S. Dennison, E. Dereń, K. Deschamps, V. Dhimal, M. Di Castelnuovo, A.F. Dias-da-Costa, J.S. Díaz-Sánchez, M.E. Diaz, A. Dika, Z. Djalalinia, S. Djordjic, V. Do, H.T.P. Dobson, A.J. Donati, M.B. Donfrancesco, C. Donoso, S.P. Döring, A. Dorobantu, M. Dorosty, A.R. Doua, K. Dragano, N. Drygas, W. Duan, J.L. Duante, C.A. Duboz, P. Duda, R.B. Duleva, V. Dulskiene, V. Dumith, S.C. Dushpanova, A. Dzerve, V. Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. Eddie, R. Eftekhar, E. Egbagbe, E.E. Eggertsen, R. Eghtesad, S. Eiben, G. Ekelund, U. El-Khateeb, M. Ati, J.E. Eldemire-Shearer, D. Eliasen, M. Elliott, P. Engle-Stone, R. Enguerran, M. Erasmus, R.T. Erbel, R. Erem, C. Eriksen, L. Eriksson, J.G. Escobedo-de la Peña, J. Eslami, S. Esmaeili, A. Evans, A. Faeh, D. Fakhretdinova, A.A. Fall, C.H. Faramarzi, E. Farjam, M. Sant’Angelo, V.F. Farzadfar, F. Fattahi, M.R. Fawwad, A. Felix-Redondo, F.J. Ferguson, T.S. Fernandes, R.A. Fernández-Bergés, D. Ferrante, D. Ferrao, T. Ferrari, M. Ferrario, M.M. Ferreccio, C. Ferrer, E. Ferrieres, J. Figueiró, T.H. Fijalkowska, A. Fink, G. Fischer, K. Foo, L.H. Forsner, M. Fouad, H.M. Francis, D.K. Maria do Carmo Franco Frikke-Schmidt, R. Frontera, G. Fuchs, F.D. Fuchs, S.C. Fujiati, I.I. Fujita, Y. Fumihiko, M. Furusawa, T. Gaciong, Z. Gafencu, M. Galbarczyk, A. Galenkamp, H. Galeone, D. Galfo, M. Galvano, F. Gao, J. Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. García-Solano, M. Gareta, D. Garnett, S.P. Gaspoz, J.-M. Gasull, M. Gaya, A.C.A. Gaya, A.R. Gazzinelli, A. Gehring, U. Geiger, H. Geleijnse, J.M. Ghanbari, A. Ghasemi, E. Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. Giampaoli, S. Gianfagna, F. Gill, T.K. Giovannelli, J. Gironella, G. Giwercman, A. Gkiouras, K. Godos, J. Gogen, S. Goldberg, M. Goldsmith, R.A. Goltzman, D. Gómez, S.F. Gomula, A. da Silva, B.G.C. Gonçalves, H. Gonzalez-Chica, D.A. Gonzalez-Gross, M. González-Leon, M. González-Rivas, J.P. González-Villalpando, C. González-Villalpando, M.-E. Gonzalez, A.R. Gottrand, F. Graça, A.P. Graff-Iversen, S. Grafnetter, D. Grajda, A. Grammatikopoulou, M.G. Gregor, R.D. Grodzicki, T. Grøholt, E.K. Grøntved, A. Grosso, G. Gruden, G. Gu, D. Gualdi-Russo, E. Guallar-Castillón, P. Gualtieri, A. Gudmundsson, E.F. Gudnason, V. Guerrero, R. Guessous, I. Guimaraes, A.L. Gulliford, M.C. Gunnlaugsdottir, J. Gunter, M.J. Guo, X.-H. Guo, Y. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Gureje, O. Gurzkowska, B. Gutiérrez-González, E. Gutierrez, L. Gutzwiller, F. Ha, S. Hadaegh, F. Hadjigeorgiou, C.A. Haghshenas, R. Hakimi, H. Halkjær, J. Hambleton, I.R. Hamzeh, B. Hange, D. Hanif, A.A.M. Hantunen, S. Hao, J. Kumar, R.H. Hashemi-Shahri, S.M. Hassapidou, M. Hata, J. Haugsgjerd, T. He, J. He, Y. He, Y. Heidinger-Felso, R. Heinen, M. Hejgaard, T. Hendriks, M.E. dos Santos Henrique, R. Henriques, A. Cadena, L.H. Herrala, S. Herrera, V.M. Herter-Aeberli, I. Heshmat, R. Hill, A.G. Ho, S.Y. Ho, S.C. Hobbs, M. Holdsworth, M. Homayounfar, R. Homs, C. Hopman, W.M. Horimoto, A.R.V.R. Hormiga, C.M. Horta, B.L. Houti, L. Howitt, C. Htay, T.T. Htet, A.S. Htike, M.M.T. Hu, Y. Huerta, J.M. Huhtaniemi, I.T. Huiart, L. Petrescu, C.H. Huisman, M. Husseini, A. Huu, C.N. Huybrechts, I. Hwalla, N. Hyska, J. Iacoviello, L. Ibarluzea, J.M. Ibrahim, M.M. Wong, N.I. Ikram, M.A. Iotova, V. Irazola, V.E. Ishida, T. Islam, M. Islam, S.M.S. Iwasaki, M. Jacobs, J.M. Jaddou, H.Y. Jafar, T. James, K. Jamil, K.M. Jamrozik, K. Janszky, I. Janus, E. Jarani, J. Jarvelin, M.-R. Jasienska, G. Jelakovic, A. Jelakovic, B. Jennings, G. Jha, A.K. Jiang, C.Q. Jimenez, R.O. Jöckel, K.-H. Joffres, M. Johansson, M. Jokelainen, J.J. Jonas, J.B. Jonnagaddala, J. Jørgensen, T. Joshi, P. Joukar, F. Jovic, D.P. Jóźwiak, J.J. Juolevi, A. Jurak, G. Simina, I.J. Juresa, V. Kaaks, R. Kaducu, F.O. Kafatos, A. Kajantie, E.O. Kalmatayeva, Z. Kalter-Leibovici, O. Kameli, Y. Kampmann, F.B. Kanala, K.R. Kannan, S. Kapantais, E. Karakosta, A. Kårhus, L.L. Karki, K.B. Katibeh, M. Katz, J. Katzmarzyk, P.T. Kauhanen, J. Kaur, P. Kavousi, M. Kazakbaeva, G.M. Keil, U. Boker, L.K. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. Kelishadi, R. Kelleher, C. Kemper, H.C.G. Kengne, A.P. Keramati, M. Kerimkulova, A. Kersting, M. Key, T. Khader, Y.S. Khalili, D. Khaw, K.-T. Kheiri, B. Kheradmand, M. Khosravi, A. Khouw, I.M.S.L. Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. Kiechl, S. Killewo, J. Kim, D.W. Kim, H.C. Kim, J. Kindblom, J.M. Klakk, H. Klimek, M. Klimont, J. Klumbiene, J. Knoflach, M. Koirala, B. Kolle, E. Kolsteren, P. König, J. Korpelainen, R. Korrovits, P. Korzycka, M. Kos, J. Koskinen, S. Kouda, K. Kovacs, V.A. Kowlessur, S. Koziel, S. Kratenova, J. Kratzer, W. Kriemler, S. Kristensen, P.L. Krokstad, S. Kromhout, D. Kruger, H.S. Kubinova, R. Kuciene, R. Kujala, U.M. Kujundzic, E. Kulaga, Z. Kumar, R.K. Kunešová, M. Kurjata, P. Kusuma, Y.S. Kuulasmaa, K. Kyobutungi, C. La, Q.N. Laamiri, F.Z. Laatikainen, T. Lachat, C. Laid, Y. Lam, T.H. Lambrinou, C.-P. Landais, E. Lanska, V. Lappas, G. Larijani, B. Latt, T.S. Lauria, L. Lazo-Porras, M. Le Coroller, G. Bao, K.L.N. Le Port, A. Le, T.D. Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, P.H. Lehmann, N. Lehtimäki, T. Lemogoum, D. Levitt, N.S. Li, Y. Liivak, M. Lilly, C.L. Lim, W.-Y. Lima-Costa, M.F. Lin, H.-H. Lin, X. Lin, Y.-T. Lind, L. Linneberg, A. Lissner, L. Litwin, M. Liu, L. Lo, W.-C. Loit, H.-M. Long, K.Q. Lopes, L. Lopes, O. Lopez-Garcia, E. Lopez, T. Lotufo, P.A. Lozano, J.E. Lukrafka, J.L. Luksiene, D. Lundqvist, A. Lundqvist, R. Lunet, N. Lunogelo, C. Lustigová, M. Łuszczki, E. Ma, G. Ma, J. Ma, X. Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. Machado-Rodrigues, A.M. Macieira, L.M. Madar, A.A. Maggi, S. Magliano, D.J. Magnacca, S. Magriplis, E. Mahasampath, G. Maire, B. Majer, M. Makdisse, M. Mäki, P. Malekzadeh, F. Malekzadeh, R. Malhotra, R. Rao, K.M. Malyutina, S.K. Maniego, L.V. Manios, Y. Mann, J.I. Mansour-Ghanaei, F. Manzato, E. Margozzini, P. Markaki, A. Markey, O. Ioannidou, E.M. Marques-Vidal, P. Marques, L.P. Marrugat, J. Martin-Prevel, Y. Martin, R. Martorell, R. Martos, E. Maruszczak, K. Marventano, S. Mascarenhas, L.P. Masoodi, S.R. Mathiesen, E.B. Mathur, P. Matijasevich, A. Matsha, T.E. Mavrogianni, C. Mazur, A. Mbanya, J.C.N. McFarlane, S.R. McGarvey, S.T. McKee, M. McLachlan, S. McLean, R.M. McLean, S.B. McNulty, B.A. Benchekor, S.M. Medzioniene, J. Mehdipour, P. Mehlig, K. Mehrparvar, A.H. Meirhaeghe, A. Meisfjord, J. Meisinger, C. Menezes, A.M.B. Menon, G.R. Mensink, G.B.M. Menzano, M.T. Mereke, A. Meshram, I.I. Metspalu, A. Meyer, H.E. Mi, J. Michaelsen, K.F. Michels, N. Mikkel, K. Milkowska, K. Miller, J.C. Minderico, C.S. Mini, G.K. Miquel, J.F. Mirjalili, M.R. Mirkopoulou, D. Mirrakhimov, E. Mišigoj-Durakovic, M. Mistretta, A. Mocanu, V. Modesti, P.A. Moghaddam, S.S. Mohajer, B. Mohamed, M.K. Mohamed, S.F. Mohammad, K. Mohammadi, Z. Mohammadifard, N. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohan, V. Mohanna, S. Yusoff, M.F.M. Mohebbi, I. Mohebi, F. Moitry, M. Molbo, D. Møllehave, L.T. Møller, N.C. Molnár, D. Momenan, A. Mondo, C.K. Monroy-Valle, M. Monterrubio-Flores, E. Monyeki, K.D.K. Moon, J.S. Moosazadeh, M. Moreira, L.B. Morejon, A. Moreno, L.A. Morgan, K. Morin, S.N. Mortensen, E.L. Moschonis, G. Mossakowska, M. Mostafa, A. Mota-Pinto, A. Mota, J. Motlagh, M.E. Motta, J. Moura-dos-Santos, M.A. Mridha, M.K. Msyamboza, K.P. Mu, T.T. Muc, M. Mugoša, B. Muiesan, M.L. Mukhtorova, P. Müller-Nurasyid, M. Murphy, N. Mursu, J. Murtagh, E.M. Musa, K.I. Milanovic, S.M. Musil, V. Mustafa, N. Nabipour, I. Naderimagham, S. Nagel, G. Naidu, B.M. Najafi, F. Nakamura, H. Námešná, J. Nang, E.E.K. Nangia, V.B. Nankap, M. Narake, S. Nardone, P. Nauck, M. Neal, W.A. Nejatizadeh, A. Nekkantti, C. Nelis, K. Nelis, L. Nenko, I. Neovius, M. Nervi, F. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, N.D. Nguyen, Q.N. Nieto-Martínez, R.E. Nikitin, Y.P. Ning, G. Ninomiya, T. Nishtar, S. Noale, M. Noboa, O.A. Nogueira, H. Norat, T. Nordendahl, M. Nordestgaard, B.G. Noto, D. Nowak-Szczepanska, N. Al Nsour, M. Nuhoglu, I. Nurk, E. O’Neill, T.W. O’Reilly, D. Obreja, G. Ochimana, C. Ochoa-Avilés, A.M. Oda, E. Oh, K. Ohara, K. Ohlsson, C. Ohtsuka, R. Olafsson, O. Olinto, M.T.A. Oliveira, I.O. Omar, M.A. Onat, A. Ong, S.K. Ono, L.M. Ordunez, P. Ornelas, R. Ortiz, A.P. Ortiz, P.J. Osler, M. Osmond, C. Ostojic, S.M. Ostovar, A. Otero, J.A. Overvad, K. Owusu-Dabo, E. Paccaud, F.M. Padez, C. Pagkalos, I. Pahomova, E. de Paiva, K.M. Pajak, A. Palli, D. Palloni, A. Palmieri, L. 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Viswanathan, B. Vladulescu, M. Vlasoff, T. Vocanec, D. Vollenweider, P. Völzke, H. Voutilainen, A. Voutilainen, S. Vrijheid, M. Vrijkotte, T.G.M. Wade, A.N. Wagner, A. Waldhör, T. Walton, J. Wambiya, E.O.A. Bebakar, A.M.W. Mohamud, W.N.W. de Souza Wanderley Júnior, R. Wang, M.-D. Wang, N. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, Y.X. Wang, Y.-W. Wannamethee, S.G. Wareham, N. Weber, A. Wedderkopp, N. Weerasekera, D. Weghuber, D. Wei, W. Weres, A. Werner, B. Whincup, P.H. Widhalm, K. Widyahening, I.S. Wiecek, A. Wilks, R.J. Willeit, J. Willeit, P. Williams, J. Wilsgaard, T. Wojtyniak, B. Wong-McClure, R.A. Wong, A. Wong, J.E. Wong, T.Y. Woo, J. Woodward, M. Wu, F.C. Wu, J. Wu, L.J. Wu, S. Xu, H. Xu, L. Yaacob, N.A. Yamborisut, U. Yan, W. Yang, L. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yardim, N. Yaseri, M. Yasuharu, T. Ye, X. Yiallouros, P.K. Yoosefi, M. Yoshihara, A. You, Q.S. You, S.-L. Younger-Coleman, N.O. Yusof, S.M. Yusoff, A.F. Zaccagni, L. Zafiropulos, V. Zainuddin, A.A. Zakavi, S.R. Zamani, F. Zambon, S. Zampelas, A. Zamrazilová, H. Zapata, M.E. Zargar, A.H. Zaw, K.K. Zdrojewski, T. Zejglicova, K. Vrkic, T.Z. Zeng, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, Z.-Y. Zhao, D. Zhao, M.-H. Zhao, W. Zhen, S. Zheng, W. Zheng, Y. Zholdin, B. Zhou, M. Zhu, D. Zins, M. Zitt, E. Zocalo, Y. Cisneros, J.Z. Zuziak, M. Ezzati, M. Filippi, S. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Subjects: nutritional and metabolic diseases, sense organs, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. © Copyright.
Published: 2021

11. Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

Author: Taddei, C. (Cristina), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Carrillo-Larco, R.M. (Rodrigo M.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Jackson, R.T. (Rod T.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Sophiea, M.K. (Marisa K.), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Iurilli, M.L.C. (Maria Laura Caminia), Martinez, A.R. (Andrea Rodriguez), Asghari, G. (Golaleh), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Gulayin, P. (Pablo), Kakarmath, S. (Sujay), Santero, M. (Marilina), Voortman, R.G. (Trudy), Riley, L.M. (Leanne M.), Cowan, M.J. (Melanie J.), Savin, S. (Stefan), Bennett, J.E. (James E.), Stevens, G.A. (Gretchen A.), Paciorek, C.J. (Christopher J.), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Kengne, A.P. (Andre Pascal), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Mathur, P. (Prashant), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Zhao, D. (Dong), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Abarca-Gómez, L. (Leandra), Rahim, H.A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R.J. (Robert J.), Agdeppa, I.A. (Imelda A.), Aghazadeh-Attari, J. (Javad), Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C.O. (Charles), Ahluwalia, T.S. (Tarunveer Singh), Ahmad, N.A. (Noor Ani), Ahmadi, A. (Ali), Ahmadi, N. (Naser), Ahmed, S.H. (Soheir H.), Ahrens, W. (W.), Ajlouni, K. (Kamel), Alarouj, M. (Monira), AlBuhairan, F. (Fadia), AlDhukair, S. (Shahla), Ali, M.M. (Mohamed M.), Alkandari, A. (Abdullah), Alkerwi, A. (Ala’a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amarapurkar, D.N. (Deepak N.), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andersen, L.B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S.A. (Sigmund A.), Anjana, R.M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araújo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arku, R.E. (Raphael E.), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K.K. (Krishna K.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Assunção, M.C.F. (Maria Cecília F.), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Avdicová, M. (Mária), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, J. (Joshan), Azmin, M. (Mehrdad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bamoshmoosh, M. (Mohamed), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J.R. (José R.), Barbagallo, C.M. (Carlo M.), Barceló, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A.M. (Anwar M.), Batyrbek, A. (Assembekov), Baur, L.A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Belavendra, A. (Antonisamy), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benn, M. (Marianne), Berkinbayev, S. (Salim), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhargava, S.K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bienek, A. (Asako), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bista, B. (Bihungum), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M.B. (Marius B.), Björkelund, C. (Cecilia), Bloch, K.V. (Katia V.), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Boehm, B.O. (Bernhard O.), Boggia, J.G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C.P. (Carlos P.), Bonaccio, M. (Marialaura), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Borchini, R. (Rossana), Borghs, H. (Herman), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L.M. (Lizzy), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bugge, A. (Anna), Busch, M.A. (Markus A.), de León, A.C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Can, G. (Günay), Cândido, A.P.C. (Ana Paula C.), Capanzana, M.V. (Mario V.), Capuano, E. (Eduardo), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V.C. (Viviane C.), Carvalho, J. (Joana), Casanueva, F.F., Censi, L. (Laura), Chadjigeorgiou, C.A. (Charalambos A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chaturvedi, N. (Nish), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cheraghian, B. (Bahman), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirlaque, M.D. (M.), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clarke, J. (Janine), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Confortin, S.C. (Susana C.), Cooper, C. (Charles), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Crujeiras, A.B. (Ana B.), Csilla, S. (Semánová), Cui, L. (Liufu), Cureau, F.V. (Felipe V.), D’Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d’Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T.M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), Davletov, K. (Kairat), Backer, G. (Guy) de, Bacquer, D. (Dirk) de, de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), de Oliveira, P.D. (Paula Duarte), De Ridder, D. (David), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A.D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Hélène), Dennison, E.M. (Elaine), Deschamps, V. (Valérie), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Di Castelnuovo, A.F. (Augusto F.), Dika, Z. (Zivka), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Dobson, A.J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S.P. (Silvana P.), Döring, A. (Angela), Dorobantu, M. (Maria), Dragano, N. (Nico), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Du, Y. (Yong), Duante, C.A. (Charmaine A.), Duda, R.B. (Rosemary B.), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eddie, R. (Ricky), Eftekhar, E. (Ebrahim), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Eghtesad, S. (Sareh), Eiben, G. (Gabriele), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Eldemire-Shearer, D. (Denise), Eliasen, M. (Marie), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R.T. (Rajiv T.), Erbel, R. (Raimund), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Hagen, K. (Knut), Escobedo-de la Peña, J. (Jorge), Eslami, S. (Saeid), Esmaeili, A. (Ali), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C.H. (Caroline H.), Faramarzi, E. (Elnaz), Farjam, M. (Mojtaba), Fattahi, M.R. (Mohammad Reza), Felix-Redondo, F.J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T.S. (Trevor S.), Fernández-Bergés, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Föger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L.H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fouad, H.M. (Heba M.), Francis, D.K. (Damian K.), do Carmo Franco, M. (Maria), Franco, O.H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Fumihiko, M. (Matsuda), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Galvano, F. (Fabio), Gao, J. (Jingli), Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. (Manoli), Garnett, S.P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gazzinelli, A. (Andrea), Geleijnse, J.M. (Marianne), Ghanbari, A. (Ali), Ghasemi, E. (Erfan), Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. (Oana-Florentina), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Gill, T.K. (Tiffany K.), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Gironella, G. (Glen), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goltzman, D. (David), Gonçalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez-Chica, D.A. (David A.), Gonzalez-Gross, M. (Marcela), González-Rivas, J.P. (Juan P.), González-Villalpando, C. (Clicerio), González-Villalpando, M.E. (María Elena), Gonzalez, A.R. (Angel R.), Gottrand, F., Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dušan), Gregor, R.D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grøntved, A. (Anders), Grosso, G. (Giuseppe), Gruden, G. (Gabriella), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Guallar-castillón, P. (Pilar), Guan, O.P. (Ong Peng), Gudmundsson, E.F. (Elias F.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Ha, S. (Seongjun), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Haghshenas, R. (Rosa), Hakimi, H. (Hamid), Hambleton, I.R. (Ian R.), Hamzeh, B. (Behrooz), Hantunen, S. (Sari), Kumar, R.H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hashemi-Shahri, S.M. (Seyed Mohammad), Hata, J. (Jun), Haugsgjerd, T. (Teresa), Hayes, A.J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), He, Y. (Yong), Hendriks, M.E. (Marleen), Henriques, A. (Ana), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hill, A.G. (Allan G.), Ho, S.Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Homayounfar, R. (Reza), Hopman, W.M. (Wilma M.), Horimoto, A.R.V.R. (Andrea R. V. R.), Hormiga, C.M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B.L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T.T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A.S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M.M.T. (Maung Maung Than), Huerta, J.M. (José María), Huhtaniemi, I.T. (I.), Huisman, M. (Martijn), Hunsberger, M.L. (Monica L.), Husseini, A. (Abdullatif), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A.G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M.M. (Mohsen), Wong, N.I. (Norazizah Ibrahim), Iglesia, I. (Iris), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Iotova, V. (Violeta), Irazola, V.E. (Vilma E.), Ishida, T. (Takafumi), Islam, M. (Muhammad), al-Safi Ismail, A. (Aziz), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J.M. (Jeremy M.), Jaddou, H.Y. (Hashem Y.), Jafar, T.H. (Tazeen), James, K. (Kenneth), Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I. (Imre), Janus, E. (Edward), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, A. (Ana), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jennings, G. (Garry), Jensen, G.B. (Gorm), Jeong, S.-L. (Seung-lyeal), Jha, A.K. (Anjani Kumar), Jiang, C.Q. (Chao Qiang), Jimenez, R.O. (Ramon O.), JöCkel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Joffres, M. (Michel), Jokelainen, J.J. (Jari J.), Jonas, J.B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Józwiak, J. (Jacek), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kajantie, E. (Eero), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N.A. (Nor Azmi), Kamstrup, P.R. (Pia R.), Karki, K.B. (Khem B.), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, M. (Mark), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Keramati, M. (Maryam), Kerimkulova, A. (Alina), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Khader, Y.S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khateeb, M. (Mohammad), Kheradmand, M. (Motahareh), Khosravi, A. (Alireza), Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. (Ursula), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, H.C. (Hyeon Chang), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Kim, Y.-Y. (Yeon-Yong), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Knoflach, M. (Michael), Ko, S. (Stephanie), Kohler, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Kohler, I.V. (Iliana V.), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), König, J. (Jürgen), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Kos, J. (Jelena), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Kowlessur, S. (Sudhir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Kriemler, S. (Susi), Kristensen, P.L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steiner), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kujala, U.M. (Urho), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F.Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T.H. (Tai Hing), Lambrinou, C.-P. (Christina-Paulina), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Latt, T.S. (Tint Swe), Laugsand, L.E. (Lars E.), Lazo-Porras, M. (Maria), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehmann, N. (Nils), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Levitt, N.S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C.L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Lima-Costa, M.F. (Maria Fernanda), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Lin, Y.-T. (Yi-Ting), Kao, W.H.L. (Wen), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Liu, J. (Jing), Loit, H.-M. (Helle-Mai), Lopez-Garcia, E. (Esther), Lopez, T. (Tania), Lotufo, P.A. (Paulo A), Lozano, J.E. (José Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lundqvist, R. (Robert), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. (George L. L.), Machado-Rodrigues, A.M. (Aristides M.), Machi, S. (Suka), Madar, A.A. (Ahmed A.), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D.J., Magriplis, E. (Emmanuella), Mahasampath, G. (Gowri), Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, F. (Fatemeh), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Rao, K.M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Manios, Y., Mann, J.I. (Jim I.), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mascarenhas, L.P. (Luis P.), Mathiesen, E.B. (Ellisiv), Matsha, T.E. (Tandi E.), Mavrogianni, C. (Christina), McFarlane, S.R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S.T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R.M. (Rachael M.), McLean, S.B. (Scott B.), McNulty, B.A. (Breige A.), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Mehdipour, P. (Parinaz), Mehlig, K. (Kirsten), Mehrparvar, A.H. (Amir Houshang), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A.M.B. (Ana M.B.), Menon, G.R. (Geetha R.), Merat, S. (Shahin), Mereke, A. (Alibek), Meshram, I.I. (Indrapal I.), Metcalf, P. (Patricia), Meyer, H.E. (Haakon E.), Mi, J. (Jie), Michels, N. (Nathalie), Miller, J.C. (Jody C.), Minderico, C.S. (Cláudia S.), Mini, G.K. (G. K.), Miquel, J.F. (Juan Francisco), Miranda, J.J. (J. Jaime), Mirjalili, M.R. (Mohammad Reza), Mirrakhimov, E. (Erkin), Modesti, P.A. (Pietro A.), Moghaddam, S.S. (Sahar Saeedi), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamed, M.K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadi, Z. (Zahra), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Mohanna, S. (Salim), Yusoff, M.F.M. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Mohebbi, I. (Iraj), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Moitry, M. (Marie), Møllehave, L.T. (Line T.), Møller, N.C. (Niels C.), Molnár, D. (Dénes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Mondo, C.K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio-Flores, E. (Eric), Moosazadeh, M. (Mahmood), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. (Luis), Morgan, K. (Karen), Morin, S.N. (Suzanne N.), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M.E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Msyamboza, K.P. (Kelias P.), Muiesan, M.L. (Maria Lorenza), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Mustafa, N. (Norlaila), Nabipour, I. (Iraj), Naderimagham, S. (Shohreh), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B.M. (Balkish M.), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Námešná, J. (Jana), Nang, E.E.K. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V.B. (Vinay B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neal, W.A. (William A.), Nejatizadeh, A. (Azim), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N.D. (Nguyen D.), Nguyen, Q.N. (Quang Ngoc), Nieto-Martínez, R.E. (Ramfis E.), Nihal, T. (Thomas), Niiranen, T.J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O.A. (Oscar A.), Noto, D. (Davide), Nsour, M.A. (Mohannad Al), Nuhoğlu, I. (Irfan), O’Neill, T.W. (Terence W.), O’Reilly, D. (Dermot), Ochoa-Avilés, A.M. (Angélica M.), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Ohtsuka, R. (Ryutaro), Olafsson, Ö. (Örn), Olié, V. (Valérie), Oliveira, I.O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M.A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ong, S.K. (Sok King), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ornelas, R. (Rui), Ortiz, P.J. (Pedro J.), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S.M. (Sergej M.), Ostovar, A. (Afshin), Otero, J.A. (Johanna A.), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F.M. (Fred Michel), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Pan, W.-H. (Wen-Harn), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W.R. (Winsome R.), Patel, N.D. (Nikhil D.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peixoto, S.V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. (A.), Peters, A. (Annette), Petersmann, A. (Astrid), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pham, S.T. (Son Thai), Pichardo, R.N. (Rafael N.), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, A. (Alberto), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Pizarro, A.N. (Andreia N.), Plans-Rubió, P. (Pedro), Plata, S. (Silvia), Pohlabeln, H. (Hermann), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M.L.P. (Marileen), Poudyal, A. (Anil), Pourfarzi, F. (Farhad), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Price, J.F. (Jacqueline F.), Providencia, R. (Rui), Puder, J.J. (Jardena J.), Puhakka, S.E. (Soile E.), Punab, M. (Margus), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Bao, T.Q. (Tran Quoc), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahimikazerooni, S. (Salar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rao, S.R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, L. (Lekhraj), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Redón, J. (Josep), Reganit, P.F.M. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Revilla, L. (Luis), Rezaianzadeh, A. (Abbas), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Richter, A. (Adrian), Rigo, F. (Fernando), Rinke de Wit, T.F. (Tobias), Rodríguez Artalejo, F. (Fernando), del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M. (María), Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A. (Laura A.), Roggenbuck, U. (Ulla), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Romeo, E.L. (Elisabetta L.), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Roy, J.G.R. (Joel G. R.), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Ruidavets, J.-B. (Jean-Bernard), Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo, P. (Paola), Rust, P. (Petra), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H.S. (Harshpal S.), Sadjadi, A. (Alireza), Safarpour, A.R. (Ali Reza), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Saki, N. (Nader), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salmerón, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J.T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sánchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santaliestra-Pasías, A.M. (Alba M.), Santos, D.A. (Diana A.), Santos, M.P. (Maria Paula), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J.L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L.B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S., Sawada, N. (Norie), Sbaraini, M. (Mariana), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schaan, B.D. (Beatriz D.), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Scheidt-Nave, C. (C.), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schipf, S. (Sabine), Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten O.), Schöttker, B. (Ben), Schramm, S. (Sara), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sein, A.A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Sepanlou, S.G. (Sadaf G), Servais, J. (Jennifer), Shakeri, R. (Ramin), Shalnova, S.A. (Svetlana A.), Shamah-Levy, T. (Teresa), Sharafkhah, M. (Maryam), Sharma, S.K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J.E., Shayanrad, A. (Amaneh), Shi, Z. (Zumin), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shimizu-Furusawa, H. (Hana), Shin, D.W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shirani, M. (Majid), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shrestha, N. (Namuna), Si-Ramlee, K. (Khairil), Siani, A. (Alfonso), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A.M. (Abla M.), Silva, D.A.S. (Diego Augusto Santos), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L.A. (Leon A.), Sjöström, M. (Michael), Skaaby, T. (Tea), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Snijder, M.B. (Marieke), Söderberg, S. (Stefan), Soemantri, A. (Augustinus), Sofat, R. (Reecha), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Somi, M.H. (Mohammad Hossein), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Jérome, C.S. (Charles Sossa), Soumaré, A. (Aicha), Sozmen, K. (Kaan), Sparrenberger, K. (Karen), Staessen, J.A. (Jan), Stathopoulou, M.G. (Maria G), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A.D. (Aryeh D.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stevanović, R. (Ranko), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stöckl, D. (Doris), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M.W. (Maria Wany), Suárez-Medina, R. (Ramón), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundström, J. (Johan), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R.G. (Rody G.), Sylva, R.C. (René Charles), Szklo, M. (Moyses), Tai, E.S. (Shyong), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tan, E.J. (Eng Joo), Tarawneh, M.R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C.B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Taylor, J. (Julie), Tell, G.S. (Grethe S.), Tello, T. (Tania), Thankappan, K.R. (K. R.), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B.H. (Betina H.), Toft, U. (Ulla), Tolonen, H.K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J.S. (Janne), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topór-Madry, R. (Roman), Tormo, M.J., Tornaritis, M.J. (Michael J.), Torrent, M. (Maties), Torres-Collado, L. (Laura), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trinh, O.T.H. (Oanh T. H.), Truthmann, J. (Julia), Tsugane, S. (Shoichiro), Tulloch-Reid, M.K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. (Anne), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H., Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), Dam, R.M. (Rob) van, Schouw, Y.T. (Yvonne) van der, Van Herck, K. (Koen), Van Minh, H. (Hoang), Rossem, L. (Lenie) van, Schoor, N.M. (Natasja) van, Valkengoed, I. (Irene) van, Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Varbo, A. (Anette), Varona-Pérez, P. (Patricia), Vasan, S.K. (Senthil K.), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Veidebaum, T. (Toomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Venero-Fernández, S.J. (Silvia J.), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), Verschuren, W.M.M. (W. M. Monique), Victora, C.G. (Cesar G.), Vidiawati, D. (Dhanasari), Viet, L. (Lucie), Villalpando, S. (Salvador), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J.K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vlasoff, T. (Tiina), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, A. (Ari), Wade, A.N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Bebakar, W.M.W. (Wan Mohamad Wan), Mohamud, W.N.W. (Wan Nazaimoon Wan), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, N. (Ningli), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y.X. (Ya Xing), Wang, Y.-W. (Ying-Wei), Wannamethee, S.G. (Goya), Wedderkopp, N. (Niels), Wei, W. (Wenbin), Whincup, P.H. (Peter), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I.S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A.H. (Alet), Wilks, R.J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Willeit, P. (Peter), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong-McClure, R.A. (Roy A.), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F.C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. (Shouling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yasuharu, T. (Tabara), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yeow, T.P. (Toh Peng), Yiallouros, P.K. (P.), Yoosefi, M. (Moein), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, S.-L. (San-Lin), Younger-Coleman, N.O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A.F. (Ahmad Faudzi), Zainuddin, A.A. (Ahmad A.), Zakavi, S.R. (Seyed Rasoul), Zali, M.R. (Mohammad Reza), Zamani, F. (Farhad), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zampelas, A. (Antonis), Zaw, K.K. (Ko Ko), Zdrojewski, T. (T.), Vrkic, T.Z. (Tajana Zeljkovic), Zhang, Z.-Y. (Zhen-Yu), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zhen, S. (Shiqi), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zholdin, B. (Bekbolat), Zhussupov, B. (Baurzhan), Zoghlami, N. (Nada), Cisneros, J.Z. (Julio Zuñiga), Gregg, E.W. (Edward W.), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Carrillo-Larco, R.M. (Rodrigo M.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Jackson, R.T. (Rod T.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Sophiea, M.K. (Marisa K.), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Iurilli, M.L.C. (Maria Laura Caminia), Martinez, A.R. (Andrea Rodriguez), Asghari, G. (Golaleh), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Gulayin, P. (Pablo), Kakarmath, S. (Sujay), Santero, M. (Marilina), Voortman, R.G. (Trudy), Riley, L.M. (Leanne M.), Cowan, M.J. (Melanie J.), Savin, S. (Stefan), Bennett, J.E. (James E.), Stevens, G.A. (Gretchen A.), Paciorek, C.J. (Christopher J.), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Kengne, A.P. (Andre Pascal), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Mathur, P. (Prashant), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Zhao, D. (Dong), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Abarca-Gómez, L. (Leandra), Rahim, H.A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R.J. (Robert J.), Agdeppa, I.A. (Imelda A.), Aghazadeh-Attari, J. (Javad), Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C.O. (Charles), Ahluwalia, T.S. (Tarunveer Singh), Ahmad, N.A. (Noor Ani), Ahmadi, A. (Ali), Ahmadi, N. (Naser), Ahmed, S.H. (Soheir H.), Ahrens, W. (W.), Ajlouni, K. (Kamel), Alarouj, M. (Monira), AlBuhairan, F. (Fadia), AlDhukair, S. (Shahla), Ali, M.M. (Mohamed M.), Alkandari, A. (Abdullah), Alkerwi, A. (Ala’a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amarapurkar, D.N. (Deepak N.), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andersen, L.B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S.A. (Sigmund A.), Anjana, R.M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araújo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arku, R.E. (Raphael E.), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K.K. (Krishna K.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Assunção, M.C.F. (Maria Cecília F.), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Avdicová, M. (Mária), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, J. (Joshan), Azmin, M. (Mehrdad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bamoshmoosh, M. (Mohamed), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J.R. (José R.), Barbagallo, C.M. (Carlo M.), Barceló, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A.M. (Anwar M.), Batyrbek, A. (Assembekov), Baur, L.A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Belavendra, A. (Antonisamy), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benn, M. (Marianne), Berkinbayev, S. (Salim), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhargava, S.K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bienek, A. (Asako), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bista, B. (Bihungum), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M.B. (Marius B.), Björkelund, C. (Cecilia), Bloch, K.V. (Katia V.), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Boehm, B.O. (Bernhard O.), Boggia, J.G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C.P. (Carlos P.), Bonaccio, M. (Marialaura), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Borchini, R. (Rossana), Borghs, H. (Herman), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L.M. (Lizzy), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bugge, A. (Anna), Busch, M.A. (Markus A.), de León, A.C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Can, G. (Günay), Cândido, A.P.C. (Ana Paula C.), Capanzana, M.V. (Mario V.), Capuano, E. (Eduardo), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V.C. (Viviane C.), Carvalho, J. (Joana), Casanueva, F.F., Censi, L. (Laura), Chadjigeorgiou, C.A. (Charalambos A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chaturvedi, N. (Nish), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cheraghian, B. (Bahman), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirlaque, M.D. (M.), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clarke, J. (Janine), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Confortin, S.C. (Susana C.), Cooper, C. (Charles), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Crujeiras, A.B. (Ana B.), Csilla, S. (Semánová), Cui, L. (Liufu), Cureau, F.V. (Felipe V.), D’Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d’Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T.M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), Davletov, K. (Kairat), Backer, G. (Guy) de, Bacquer, D. (Dirk) de, de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), de Oliveira, P.D. (Paula Duarte), De Ridder, D. (David), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A.D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Hélène), Dennison, E.M. (Elaine), Deschamps, V. (Valérie), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Di Castelnuovo, A.F. (Augusto F.), Dika, Z. (Zivka), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Dobson, A.J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S.P. (Silvana P.), Döring, A. (Angela), Dorobantu, M. (Maria), Dragano, N. (Nico), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Du, Y. (Yong), Duante, C.A. (Charmaine A.), Duda, R.B. (Rosemary B.), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eddie, R. (Ricky), Eftekhar, E. (Ebrahim), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Eghtesad, S. (Sareh), Eiben, G. (Gabriele), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Eldemire-Shearer, D. (Denise), Eliasen, M. (Marie), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R.T. (Rajiv T.), Erbel, R. (Raimund), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Hagen, K. (Knut), Escobedo-de la Peña, J. (Jorge), Eslami, S. (Saeid), Esmaeili, A. (Ali), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C.H. (Caroline H.), Faramarzi, E. (Elnaz), Farjam, M. (Mojtaba), Fattahi, M.R. (Mohammad Reza), Felix-Redondo, F.J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T.S. (Trevor S.), Fernández-Bergés, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Föger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L.H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fouad, H.M. (Heba M.), Francis, D.K. (Damian K.), do Carmo Franco, M. (Maria), Franco, O.H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Fumihiko, M. (Matsuda), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Galvano, F. (Fabio), Gao, J. (Jingli), Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. (Manoli), Garnett, S.P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gazzinelli, A. (Andrea), Geleijnse, J.M. (Marianne), Ghanbari, A. (Ali), Ghasemi, E. (Erfan), Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. (Oana-Florentina), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Gill, T.K. (Tiffany K.), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Gironella, G. (Glen), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goltzman, D. (David), Gonçalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez-Chica, D.A. (David A.), Gonzalez-Gross, M. (Marcela), González-Rivas, J.P. (Juan P.), González-Villalpando, C. (Clicerio), González-Villalpando, M.E. (María Elena), Gonzalez, A.R. (Angel R.), Gottrand, F., Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dušan), Gregor, R.D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grøntved, A. (Anders), Grosso, G. (Giuseppe), Gruden, G. (Gabriella), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Guallar-castillón, P. (Pilar), Guan, O.P. (Ong Peng), Gudmundsson, E.F. (Elias F.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Ha, S. (Seongjun), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Haghshenas, R. (Rosa), Hakimi, H. (Hamid), Hambleton, I.R. (Ian R.), Hamzeh, B. (Behrooz), Hantunen, S. (Sari), Kumar, R.H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hashemi-Shahri, S.M. (Seyed Mohammad), Hata, J. (Jun), Haugsgjerd, T. (Teresa), Hayes, A.J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), He, Y. (Yong), Hendriks, M.E. (Marleen), Henriques, A. (Ana), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hill, A.G. (Allan G.), Ho, S.Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Homayounfar, R. (Reza), Hopman, W.M. (Wilma M.), Horimoto, A.R.V.R. (Andrea R. V. R.), Hormiga, C.M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B.L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T.T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A.S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M.M.T. (Maung Maung Than), Huerta, J.M. (José María), Huhtaniemi, I.T. (I.), Huisman, M. (Martijn), Hunsberger, M.L. (Monica L.), Husseini, A. (Abdullatif), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A.G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M.M. (Mohsen), Wong, N.I. (Norazizah Ibrahim), Iglesia, I. (Iris), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Iotova, V. (Violeta), Irazola, V.E. (Vilma E.), Ishida, T. (Takafumi), Islam, M. (Muhammad), al-Safi Ismail, A. (Aziz), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J.M. (Jeremy M.), Jaddou, H.Y. (Hashem Y.), Jafar, T.H. (Tazeen), James, K. (Kenneth), Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I. (Imre), Janus, E. (Edward), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, A. (Ana), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jennings, G. (Garry), Jensen, G.B. (Gorm), Jeong, S.-L. (Seung-lyeal), Jha, A.K. (Anjani Kumar), Jiang, C.Q. (Chao Qiang), Jimenez, R.O. (Ramon O.), JöCkel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Joffres, M. (Michel), Jokelainen, J.J. (Jari J.), Jonas, J.B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Józwiak, J. (Jacek), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kajantie, E. (Eero), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N.A. (Nor Azmi), Kamstrup, P.R. (Pia R.), Karki, K.B. (Khem B.), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, M. (Mark), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Keramati, M. (Maryam), Kerimkulova, A. (Alina), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Khader, Y.S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khateeb, M. (Mohammad), Kheradmand, M. (Motahareh), Khosravi, A. (Alireza), Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. (Ursula), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, H.C. (Hyeon Chang), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Kim, Y.-Y. (Yeon-Yong), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Knoflach, M. (Michael), Ko, S. (Stephanie), Kohler, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Kohler, I.V. (Iliana V.), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), König, J. (Jürgen), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Kos, J. (Jelena), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Kowlessur, S. (Sudhir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Kriemler, S. (Susi), Kristensen, P.L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steiner), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kujala, U.M. (Urho), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F.Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T.H. (Tai Hing), Lambrinou, C.-P. (Christina-Paulina), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Latt, T.S. (Tint Swe), Laugsand, L.E. (Lars E.), Lazo-Porras, M. (Maria), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehmann, N. (Nils), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Levitt, N.S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C.L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Lima-Costa, M.F. (Maria Fernanda), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Lin, Y.-T. (Yi-Ting), Kao, W.H.L. (Wen), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Liu, J. (Jing), Loit, H.-M. (Helle-Mai), Lopez-Garcia, E. (Esther), Lopez, T. (Tania), Lotufo, P.A. (Paulo A), Lozano, J.E. (José Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lundqvist, R. (Robert), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. (George L. L.), Machado-Rodrigues, A.M. (Aristides M.), Machi, S. (Suka), Madar, A.A. (Ahmed A.), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D.J., Magriplis, E. (Emmanuella), Mahasampath, G. (Gowri), Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, F. (Fatemeh), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Rao, K.M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Manios, Y., Mann, J.I. (Jim I.), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mascarenhas, L.P. (Luis P.), Mathiesen, E.B. (Ellisiv), Matsha, T.E. (Tandi E.), Mavrogianni, C. (Christina), McFarlane, S.R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S.T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R.M. (Rachael M.), McLean, S.B. (Scott B.), McNulty, B.A. (Breige A.), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Mehdipour, P. (Parinaz), Mehlig, K. (Kirsten), Mehrparvar, A.H. (Amir Houshang), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A.M.B. (Ana M.B.), Menon, G.R. (Geetha R.), Merat, S. (Shahin), Mereke, A. (Alibek), Meshram, I.I. (Indrapal I.), Metcalf, P. (Patricia), Meyer, H.E. (Haakon E.), Mi, J. (Jie), Michels, N. (Nathalie), Miller, J.C. (Jody C.), Minderico, C.S. (Cláudia S.), Mini, G.K. (G. K.), Miquel, J.F. (Juan Francisco), Miranda, J.J. (J. Jaime), Mirjalili, M.R. (Mohammad Reza), Mirrakhimov, E. (Erkin), Modesti, P.A. (Pietro A.), Moghaddam, S.S. (Sahar Saeedi), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamed, M.K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadi, Z. (Zahra), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Mohanna, S. (Salim), Yusoff, M.F.M. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Mohebbi, I. (Iraj), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Moitry, M. (Marie), Møllehave, L.T. (Line T.), Møller, N.C. (Niels C.), Molnár, D. (Dénes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Mondo, C.K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio-Flores, E. (Eric), Moosazadeh, M. (Mahmood), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. (Luis), Morgan, K. (Karen), Morin, S.N. (Suzanne N.), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M.E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Msyamboza, K.P. (Kelias P.), Muiesan, M.L. (Maria Lorenza), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Mustafa, N. (Norlaila), Nabipour, I. (Iraj), Naderimagham, S. (Shohreh), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B.M. (Balkish M.), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Námešná, J. (Jana), Nang, E.E.K. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V.B. (Vinay B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neal, W.A. (William A.), Nejatizadeh, A. (Azim), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N.D. (Nguyen D.), Nguyen, Q.N. (Quang Ngoc), Nieto-Martínez, R.E. (Ramfis E.), Nihal, T. (Thomas), Niiranen, T.J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O.A. (Oscar A.), Noto, D. (Davide), Nsour, M.A. (Mohannad Al), Nuhoğlu, I. (Irfan), O’Neill, T.W. (Terence W.), O’Reilly, D. (Dermot), Ochoa-Avilés, A.M. (Angélica M.), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Ohtsuka, R. (Ryutaro), Olafsson, Ö. (Örn), Olié, V. (Valérie), Oliveira, I.O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M.A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ong, S.K. (Sok King), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ornelas, R. (Rui), Ortiz, P.J. (Pedro J.), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S.M. (Sergej M.), Ostovar, A. (Afshin), Otero, J.A. (Johanna A.), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F.M. (Fred Michel), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Pan, W.-H. (Wen-Harn), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W.R. (Winsome R.), Patel, N.D. (Nikhil D.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peixoto, S.V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. (A.), Peters, A. (Annette), Petersmann, A. (Astrid), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pham, S.T. (Son Thai), Pichardo, R.N. (Rafael N.), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, A. (Alberto), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Pizarro, A.N. (Andreia N.), Plans-Rubió, P. (Pedro), Plata, S. (Silvia), Pohlabeln, H. (Hermann), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M.L.P. (Marileen), Poudyal, A. (Anil), Pourfarzi, F. (Farhad), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Price, J.F. (Jacqueline F.), Providencia, R. (Rui), Puder, J.J. (Jardena J.), Puhakka, S.E. (Soile E.), Punab, M. (Margus), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Bao, T.Q. (Tran Quoc), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahimikazerooni, S. (Salar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rao, S.R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, L. (Lekhraj), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Redón, J. (Josep), Reganit, P.F.M. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Revilla, L. (Luis), Rezaianzadeh, A. (Abbas), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Richter, A. (Adrian), Rigo, F. (Fernando), Rinke de Wit, T.F. (Tobias), Rodríguez Artalejo, F. (Fernando), del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M. (María), Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A. (Laura A.), Roggenbuck, U. (Ulla), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Romeo, E.L. (Elisabetta L.), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Roy, J.G.R. (Joel G. R.), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Ruidavets, J.-B. (Jean-Bernard), Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo, P. (Paola), Rust, P. (Petra), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H.S. (Harshpal S.), Sadjadi, A. (Alireza), Safarpour, A.R. (Ali Reza), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Saki, N. (Nader), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salmerón, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J.T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sánchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santaliestra-Pasías, A.M. (Alba M.), Santos, D.A. (Diana A.), Santos, M.P. (Maria Paula), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J.L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L.B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S., Sawada, N. (Norie), Sbaraini, M. (Mariana), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schaan, B.D. (Beatriz D.), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Scheidt-Nave, C. (C.), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schipf, S. (Sabine), Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten O.), Schöttker, B. (Ben), Schramm, S. (Sara), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sein, A.A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Sepanlou, S.G. (Sadaf G), Servais, J. (Jennifer), Shakeri, R. (Ramin), Shalnova, S.A. (Svetlana A.), Shamah-Levy, T. (Teresa), Sharafkhah, M. (Maryam), Sharma, S.K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J.E., Shayanrad, A. (Amaneh), Shi, Z. (Zumin), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shimizu-Furusawa, H. (Hana), Shin, D.W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shirani, M. (Majid), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shrestha, N. (Namuna), Si-Ramlee, K. (Khairil), Siani, A. (Alfonso), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A.M. (Abla M.), Silva, D.A.S. (Diego Augusto Santos), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L.A. (Leon A.), Sjöström, M. (Michael), Skaaby, T. (Tea), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Snijder, M.B. (Marieke), Söderberg, S. (Stefan), Soemantri, A. (Augustinus), Sofat, R. (Reecha), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Somi, M.H. (Mohammad Hossein), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Jérome, C.S. (Charles Sossa), Soumaré, A. (Aicha), Sozmen, K. (Kaan), Sparrenberger, K. (Karen), Staessen, J.A. (Jan), Stathopoulou, M.G. (Maria G), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A.D. (Aryeh D.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stevanović, R. (Ranko), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stöckl, D. (Doris), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M.W. (Maria Wany), Suárez-Medina, R. (Ramón), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundström, J. (Johan), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R.G. (Rody G.), Sylva, R.C. (René Charles), Szklo, M. (Moyses), Tai, E.S. (Shyong), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tan, E.J. (Eng Joo), Tarawneh, M.R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C.B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Taylor, J. (Julie), Tell, G.S. (Grethe S.), Tello, T. (Tania), Thankappan, K.R. (K. R.), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B.H. (Betina H.), Toft, U. (Ulla), Tolonen, H.K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J.S. (Janne), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topór-Madry, R. (Roman), Tormo, M.J., Tornaritis, M.J. (Michael J.), Torrent, M. (Maties), Torres-Collado, L. (Laura), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trinh, O.T.H. (Oanh T. H.), Truthmann, J. (Julia), Tsugane, S. (Shoichiro), Tulloch-Reid, M.K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. (Anne), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H., Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), Dam, R.M. (Rob) van, Schouw, Y.T. (Yvonne) van der, Van Herck, K. (Koen), Van Minh, H. (Hoang), Rossem, L. (Lenie) van, Schoor, N.M. (Natasja) van, Valkengoed, I. (Irene) van, Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Varbo, A. (Anette), Varona-Pérez, P. (Patricia), Vasan, S.K. (Senthil K.), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Veidebaum, T. (Toomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Venero-Fernández, S.J. (Silvia J.), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), Verschuren, W.M.M. (W. M. Monique), Victora, C.G. (Cesar G.), Vidiawati, D. (Dhanasari), Viet, L. (Lucie), Villalpando, S. (Salvador), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J.K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vlasoff, T. (Tiina), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, A. (Ari), Wade, A.N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Bebakar, W.M.W. (Wan Mohamad Wan), Mohamud, W.N.W. (Wan Nazaimoon Wan), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, N. (Ningli), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y.X. (Ya Xing), Wang, Y.-W. (Ying-Wei), Wannamethee, S.G. (Goya), Wedderkopp, N. (Niels), Wei, W. (Wenbin), Whincup, P.H. (Peter), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I.S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A.H. (Alet), Wilks, R.J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Willeit, P. (Peter), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong-McClure, R.A. (Roy A.), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F.C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. (Shouling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yasuharu, T. (Tabara), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yeow, T.P. (Toh Peng), Yiallouros, P.K. (P.), Yoosefi, M. (Moein), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, S.-L. (San-Lin), Younger-Coleman, N.O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A.F. (Ahmad Faudzi), Zainuddin, A.A. (Ahmad A.), Zakavi, S.R. (Seyed Rasoul), Zali, M.R. (Mohammad Reza), Zamani, F. (Farhad), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zampelas, A. (Antonis), Zaw, K.K. (Ko Ko), Zdrojewski, T. (T.), Vrkic, T.Z. (Tajana Zeljkovic), Zhang, Z.-Y. (Zhen-Yu), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zhen, S. (Shiqi), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zholdin, B. (Bekbolat), Zhussupov, B. (Baurzhan), Zoghlami, N. (Nada), Cisneros, J.Z. (Julio Zuñiga), Gregg, E.W. (Edward W.), and Ezzati, M. (Majid)
Abstract: High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiov
Published: 2020
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12. Singular death-causes contribution to temporal trend-shifts of its major causes in Spain, 1975-2016

Author: Cirera, L, primary, Ballesta, M, primary, and Salmerón, D, primary
Published: 2019
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13. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

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and Peixoto, S.V. and Peltonen, M. and Pereira, A.C. and Peters, A. and Petersmann, A. and Petkeviciene, J. and Pham, S.T. and Pigeot, I. and Pikhart, H. and Pilav, A. and Pilotto, L. and Pitakaka, F. and Piwonska, A. and Plans-Rubió, P. and Polašek, O. and Porta, M. and Portegies, M.L.P. and Pourshams, A. and Poustchi, H. and Pradeepa, R. and Prashant, M. and Price, J.F. and Puder, J.J. and Puiu, M. and Punab, M. and Qasrawi, R.F. and Qorbani, M. and Bao, T.Q. and Radic, I. and Radisauskas, R. and Rahman, M. and Raitakari, O. and Raj, M. and Rao, S.R. and Ramachandran, A. and Ramos, E. and Rampal, L. and Rampal, S. and Rangel Reina, D.A. and Redon, J. and Reganit, P.M. and Ribeiro, R. and Riboli, E. and Rigo, F. and Rinke de Wit, T.F. and Ritti-Dias, R.M. and Robinson, S.M. and Robitaille, C. and Rodríguez-Artalejo, F. and Rodriguez-Perez, M.C. and Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A. and Rojas-Martinez, R. and Romaguera, D. and Ronkainen, K. and Rosengren, A. and Roy, J.G.R. and Rubinstein, A. and Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. and Rutkowski, M. and Sabanayagam, C. and Sachdev, H.S. and Saidi, O. and Sakarya, S. and Salanave, B. and Martinez, E.S. and Salmerón, D. and Salomaa, V. and Salonen, J.T. and Salvetti, M. and Sánchez-Abanto, J. and Sans, S. and Santos, D.A. and Santos, I.S. and Santos, R.N. and Santos, R. and Saramies, J.L. and Sardinha, L.B. and Sarganas, G. and Sarrafzadegan, N. and Saum, K.-U. and Savva, S. and Scazufca, M. and Schargrodsky, H. and Schipf, S. and Schmidt, C.O. and Schöttker, B. and Schultsz, C. and Schutte, A.E. and Sein, A.A. and Sen, A. and Senbanjo, I.O. and Sepanlou, S.G. and Sharma, S.K. and Shaw, J.E. and Shibuya, K. and Shin, D.W. and Shin, Y. and Si-Ramlee, K. and Siantar, R. and Sibai, A.M. and Silva, D.A.S. and Simon, M. and Simons, J. and Simons, L.A. and Sjöström, M. and Skovbjerg, S. and Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. and Slusarczyk, P. and Smeeth, L. and Smith, M.C. and Snijder, M.B. and So, H.-K. and Sobngwi, E. and Söderberg, S. and Solfrizzi, V. 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M.L. and Tynelius, P. and Tzourio, C. and Ueda, P. and Ugel, E.E. and Ulmer, H. and Uusitalo, H.M.T. and Valdivia, G. and Valvi, D. and van der Schouw, Y.T. and Van Herck, K. and Van Minh, H. and van Rossem, L. and Van Schoor, N.M. and van Valkengoed, I.G.M. and Vanderschueren, D. and Vanuzzo, D. and Vatten, L. and Vega, T. and Velasquez-Melendez, G. and Veronesi, G. and Verschuren, W.M.M. and Verstraeten, R. and Victora, C.G. and Viet, L. and Viikari-Juntura, E. and Vineis, P. and Vioque, J. and Virtanen, J.K. and Visvikis-Siest, S. and Viswanathan, B. and Vlasoff, T. and Vollenweider, P. and Voutilainen, S. and Wade, A.N. and Wagner, A. and Walton, J. and Wan Bebakar, W.M. and Wan Mohamud, W.N. and Wanderley, R.S., Jr. and Wang, M.-D. and Wang, Q. and Wang, Y.X. and Wang, Y.-W. and Wannamethee, S.G. and Wareham, N. and Wedderkopp, N. and Weerasekera, D. and Whincup, P.H. and Widhalm, K. and Widyahening, I.S. and Wiecek, A. and Wijga, A.H. and Wilks, R.J. and Willeit, J. and Willeit, P. and Williams, E.A. and Wilsgaard, T. and Wojtyniak, B. and Wong-McClure, R.A. and Wong, J.Y.Y. and Wong, T.Y. and Woo, J. and Wu, A.G. and Wu, F.C. and Wu, S. and Xu, H. and Yan, W. and Yang, X. and Ye, X. and Yiallouros, P.K. and Yoshihara, A. and Younger-Coleman, N.O. and Yusoff, A.F. and Zainuddin, A.A. and Zambon, S. and Zampelas, A. and Zdrojewski, T. and Zeng, Y. and Zhao, D. and Zhao, W. and Zheng, W. and Zheng, Y. and Zhu, D. and Zhussupov, B. and Zimmermann, E. and Cisneros, J.Z. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, University of Kent, United Kingdom, Middlesex University, United Kingdom, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, United States, Cleveland Clinic, United States, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran, Brandeis University, United States, Mulago Hospital, Uganda, Uganda Heart Institute, Uganda, World Health Organization, Switzerland, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, The University of the West Indies, Barbados, University of Auckland, New Zealand, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa, Seoul National University, South Korea, National Institute of Nutrition, India, Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital, China, Robert Koch Institute, Germany, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Germany, University of Zagreb, Croatia, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Uppsala University, Sweden, University of New South Wales, Australia, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Costa Rica, Al-Quds University, Palestine, Birzeit University, Palestine, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, The University of Adelaide, Australia, Mahidol University, Thailand, BRAC, Bangladesh, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutricion, Mexico, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia, Non- Communicable Diseases Research Center, Iran, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Germany, National Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Jordan, Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, India, Lille University and Hospital, France, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, India, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana, National Institute of Public Health, Tunisia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway, Strasbourg University and Hospital, France, Nepal Health Research Council, Nepal, University of Iceland, Iceland, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia, University of Porto Medical School, Portugal, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Indian Council of Medical Research, India, University of Science and Technology, Yemen, Medical University of Lodz, Poland, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, University of Palermo, Italy, Pan American Health Organization, United States, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco, University of Pernambuco, Brazil, Dalhousie University, Canada, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan, University of Sydney, Australia, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia, CAFAM University Foundation, Colombia, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania, University of São Paulo, Brazil, BJ Medical College, India, Chirayu Medical College, India, SL Jain Hospital, India, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China, Ufa Eye Research Institute, Russian Federation, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, University of Greenland, Greenland, University of Oslo, Norway, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands, University of Turin, Italy, University College London, United Kingdom, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Germany, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, CEMIC, Argentina, Toulouse University School of Medicine, France, University Hospital of Varese, Italy, Ministry of Health, Seychelles, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Ghent University, Belgium, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela, Bielefeld University, Germany, German Cancer Research Center, Germany, Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Israel, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain, University of Malta, Malta, Vanderbilt University, United States, Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Canada, Istanbul University, Turkey, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil, Cardiologia di Mercato S. Severino, Italy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, University of Porto, Portugal, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain, Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia, Italy, India Diabetes Research Foundation, India, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, National Institute of Medical Statistics, India, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China, Duke University, United States, Kailuan General Hospital, China, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Israel, University of Bern, Switzerland, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania, Murcia Regional Health Council, Spain, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South Korea, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil, Medical University of Silesia, Poland, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Austria, University of Southampton, United Kingdom, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Italy, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France, CIBEROBN, Spain, National Council of Research, Italy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark, Lille University Hospital, France, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands, University of Montreal, Canada, French Public Health Agency, France, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina, National Institute of Nutrition, Viet Nam, University of Queensland, Australia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy, Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Ministère de la Santé et de la Lutte Contre le Sida, Cote d'Ivoire, The Cardinal Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Poland, University of Latvia, Latvia, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunisia, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Spain, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, Queen's University of Belfast, United Kingdom, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Spain, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica, Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, Spain, Ministry of Health, Argentina, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Italy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, University of Manchester, United Kingdom, University of Tartu, Estonia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Umeå University, Sweden, Dalarna University, Sweden, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Spain, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Kindai University, Japan, Kyoto University, Japan, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, University of Catania, Italy, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australia, Wageningen University, Netherlands, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal, University of Insubria, Italy, Ministry of Health, Israel, The Andes Clinic of Cardio-Metabolic Studies, Venezuela, National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Cuba, Université de Lille 2, France, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Czech Republic, Children'sMemorial Health Institute, Poland, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Greece, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Italy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, China, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Icelandic Heart Association, Iceland, Universidad Icesi, Colombia, King's College London, United Kingdom, International Agency for Research on Cancer, France, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, India, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, India, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Poland, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Argentina, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Denmark, Kyushu University, Japan, Tulane University, United States, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, Academic Medical Center of University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico, Oulu University Hospital, Finland, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Iran, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, University of Western Australia, Australia, Celal Bayar University, Turkey, Heart Institute, Brazil, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Colombia, University of Oran 1, Algeria, Independent Public Health Specialist, Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Peking University, China, VU University Medical Center and VU University, Netherlands, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Cairo University, Egypt, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Japan, Aga Khan University, Pakistan, UHC Zagreb, Croatia, Niigata University, Japan, Hadassah University Medical Center, Israel, Duke- NUS Medical School, Singapore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatia, Heart Foundation, Australia, National Health Insurance Service, South Korea, Guangzhou 12th Hospital, China, Simon Fraser University, Canada, Ruprecht-Karls- University of Heidelberg, Germany, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Denmark, World Health Organization Country Office, India, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland, University of Crete, Greece, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States, University of Eastern Finland, Finland, National Institute of Epidemiology, India, University of Münster, Germany, Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Iran, VU University Medical Center, Netherlands, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Kyrgyzstan, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Germany, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania, National Cancer Center, South Korea, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium, Tartu University Clinics, Estonia, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Mauritius, Polish Academy of Sciences Anthropology Unit in Wroclaw, Poland, University of Zürich, Switzerland, University of Groningen, Netherlands, North-West University, South Africa, National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, African Population and Health Research Center, Kenya, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Cuba, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Iran, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Tampere University Hospital, Finland, University of Cape Town, South Africa, West Virginia University, United States, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Brazil, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany, Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León, Spain, University of Uppsala, Sweden, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan, National Research Council, Italy, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Russian Federation, Harokopio University, Greece, University of Otago, New Zealand, University of Padova, Italy, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland, CIBERCV, Spain, Emory University, United States, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama, Brown University, United States, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Statistics Canada, Canada, University College Dublin, Ireland, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France, Lusófona University, Portugal, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Italy, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Hypertension Research Center, Iran, University of Pécs, Hungary, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, South Korea, University Medical Science, Cuba, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain, RCSI Dublin, Ireland, La Trobe University, Australia, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poland, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Public Health, Panama, World Health Organization Country Office, Malawi, Department of Public Health, Myanmar, University of Brescia, Italy, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Ulm University, Germany, Kobe University, Japan, Suraj Eye Institute, India, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany, INSERM, France, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Viet Nam, The University of Pharmacy and Medicine of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Viet Nam, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, United States, University of Turku Tyks, Finland, Heartfile, Pakistan, Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Jordan, Tachikawa General Hospital, Japan, Academic Hospital of Paramaribo, Suriname, Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam, University of Madeira, Portugal, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, United Kingdom, Aarhus University, Denmark, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Switzerland, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Italy, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Germany, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Italy, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates, Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea, Jivandeep Hospital, India, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, Vietnam National Heart Institute, Viet Nam, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cardiovascular Prevention Centre Udine, Italy, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Spain, University of Split, Croatia, Digestive Oncology Research Center, Iran, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Iran, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Ministry of Health, Viet Nam, University of Turku, Finland, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, University of Malaya, Malaysia, University of Valencia, Spain, University of the Philippines, Philippines, Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health, Brazil, Health Center San Agustín, Spain, PharmAccess Foundation, Netherlands, Universidade Nove de Julho, Brazil, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada, Canarian Health Service, Spain, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, India, Marmara University, Turkey, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain, University of Helsinki, Finland, National Institute of Health, Peru, Catalan Department of Health, Spain, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, University of Sao Paulo Clinics Hospital, Brazil, South Karelia Social and Health Care District, Finland, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Iran, Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Cyprus, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria, The University of Tokyo, Japan, Samsung Medical Center, South Korea, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, St Vincent's Hospital, Australia, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands, University of Bari, Italy, Lund University, Sweden, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Benin, University of Bordeaux, France, University of Leuven, Belgium, Bonn University, Germany, Sotiria Hospital, Greece, National Institute of Public Health- National Institute of Hygiene, Poland, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, Ministry of Health, Jordan, Health Service of Murcia, Spain, IB-SALUT Area de Salut de Menorca, Spain, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France, Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece, GovernmentMedical College, India, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, South Africa, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Ministry of Health, New Zealand, Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Venezuela, University of Tampere Tays Eye Center, Finland, Utrecht University, Netherlands, Hanoi University of Public Health, Viet Nam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Netherlands, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Spain, North Karelian Center for Public Health, Finland, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, University of Strasbourg, France, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia, Xinjiang Medical University, China, Capital Medical University, China, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Poland, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture, China, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China, University of Cyprus, Cyprus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, China, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain, State University of Montes Claros, Brazil, and University of Limpopo, South Africa
Subjects: sense organs
Abstract: Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups. © The Author(s) 2018.
Published: 2018

14. Incidence and survival time trends for Spanish children and adolescents with leukaemia from 1983 to 2007

Author: Marcos-Gragera R, Galceran J, Martos C, de Munain AL, Vicente-Raneda M, Navarro C, Quirós-Garcia JR, Sánchez MJ, Ardanaz E, Ramos M, Mateos A, Salmerón D, Felipe S, and Peris-Bonet R
Subjects: Childhood leukaemia, Global health, Cancer registry, Childhood cancer, Adolescent leukaemia, Cancer survival
Abstract: We have analysed incidence and survival trends of children and adolescents with leukaemia registered in Spanish population-based cancer registries during the period 1983-2007. Childhood and adolescent leukaemia cases were drawn from the 11 Spanish population-based cancer registries. For survival, registries with data for the period 1991-2005 and follow-up until 31-12-2010 were included. Overall incidence trends were evaluated using joinpoint analysis. Observed survival rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier, and trends were tested using the log-rank test. Based on 2606 cases (2274 children and 332 adolescents), the overall age-adjusted incidence rate (ASRw) of leukaemia was 47.9 cases per million child-years in children and 23.8 in adolescents. The ASRw of leukaemia increased with an annual percentage change of 9.6 % (95 % CI: 2.2-17.6) until 1990 followed by a stabilisation of rates. In adolescents, incidence did not increase. Five-year survival increased from 66 % in 1991-1995 to 76 % in 2001-2005. By age, survival was dramatically lower in infants (0) and adolescents (15-19) than in the other age groups and no improvement was observed. In both children and adolescents, differences in 5-year survival rates among major subgroups of leukaemias were significant. The increasing incidence trends observed in childhood leukaemias during the study period were confined to the beginning of the period. Remarkable improvements in survival have been observed in Spanish children with leukaemias. However, this improvement was not observed in infants and adolescents.
Published: 2017

15. Worldwide comparison of ovarian cancer survival: Histological group and stage at diagnosis (CONCORD-2)

Author: Matz M, Coleman MP, Carreira H, Salmerón D, Chirlaque MD, Allemani C, and CONCORD Working Group
Published: 2017

16. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants

Author: Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Cesare, Mariachiara Di, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Cowan, Melanie J., Paciorek, Christopher J., Singh, G., Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Bennett, James E., Taddei, C., Bilano, Ver, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, W. Z., Lu, Yuan, Stevens, Gretchen A., Riley, Leanne M., Bovet, Pascal, Elliott, Paul, Gu, Dongfeng, Ikeda, Nayu, Jackson, Rod T., Joffres, Michel, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lam, Tai Hing, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mondo, Charles K., Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Sundstroem, Johan, Smeeth, Liam, Soric, Maroje, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Rahim, H. A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Raddadi, Rajaa Al, Woyatan, Rihab Al, Ali, Farhan, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, H. B., Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotine, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Bradbury, Mark, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Bugge, Anna, Burns, C., Bursztyn, Michael, Leon, Antonio Cabrera de, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cameron, Christine, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Y. Z., Cheng, Ching-Yu, Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Backer, Guy De, Bacquer, Dirk De, Gaetano, Giovanni de, Hanauw, Stefaan De, Smedt, Delphine De, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Di, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, T. T., Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Döring, A., Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dzakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, Ati, Jalila El, Ellert, Ute, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Pena, Jorge Escobedo-de la, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fortmann, Stephen P., Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, M. Do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gavrila, Diana, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gross, M. G., Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Gruden, Grabriella, Grujic, Vera, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R., Hardy, Rebecca, Harikumar, Rachakulla, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, L. H., Herqutanto, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, J. M., Hussieni, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Johansson, Mattias, Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khang, Young-Ho, Khaw, Kay-Tee H., Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Klumbiene, Jurate, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Koziel, Slawomir, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kula, Krzysztof, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Lachat, Carl, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Bao, K. Le Nguyen, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lekhraj, Rampal, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. F., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, J. E., Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Posso, A. J. McDonald, McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McNulty, Breige A., MdKhir, A. S., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Miquel, J. F., Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Yusoff, M. F. Mohd, Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, B. M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, E. E. K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Navarrete-Muñoz, E. M., Ndiaye, N. C., Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, T. J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, O. A., Noorbala, A. A., Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Nsour, Mohannad Al, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oh, Kyungwon, Olinto, M. T. A., Oliveira, I. O., Omar, Mohd A., Onat, Altan, Ordunez, Pedro, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, D., Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, N., Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Pelletier, C., Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Perez, Raquel, Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, S. T., Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polakowska, M., Polašek, O., Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, A., Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, E., Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, D. A. Rangel, Rasmussen, Finn, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Wit, T. F. Rinke de, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rosengren, Annika, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rui, Ornelas, Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S., Horimoto, A. R. V. Russo, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, S., Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, E. S., Salmerón, D., Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, I. S., Santos, Renata Nunes dos, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Margolis, Giselle Sarganas, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas C., Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schneider, Ione J., Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, S., Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Starc, Gregor, Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, D., Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, C. A., Sung, Y. T., Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tang, Line, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tormo, M. J., Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, Schouw, Yvonne T. van der, Herck, Koen Van, Rossem, Lenie van, Valkengoed, Irene G. M. van, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrdoljak, Ana, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, A. Fink, Walton, Janette, Mohamud, W. N. Wan, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wederkopp, N., Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, P., Williams, E. A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Tien Yin, Wong-McClure, R. A., Woo, Jean, Wu, A. G., Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad F., Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Zambon, Sabina, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285]
Subjects: Worldwide trends, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Medicine (all), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood pressure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license 389 10064 37 55
Published: 2017
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17. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants

Author: Zhou, B. and Bentham, J. and Di Cesare, M. and Bixby, H. and Danaei, G. and Cowan, M.J. and Paciorek, C.J. and Singh, G. and Hajifathalian, K. and Bennett, J.E. and Taddei, C. and Bilano, V. and Carrillo-Larco, R.M. and Djalalinia, S. and Khatibzadeh, S. and Lugero, C. and Peykari, N. and Zhang, W.Z. and Lu, Y. and Stevens, G.A. and Riley, L.M. and Bovet, P. and Elliott, P. and Gu, D. and Ikeda, N. and Jackson, R.T. and Joffres, M. and Kengne, A.P. and Laatikainen, T. and Lam, T.H. and Laxmaiah, A. and Liu, J. and Miranda, J.J. and Mondo, C.K. and Neuhauser, H.K. and Sundström, J. and Smeeth, L. and Sorić, M. and Woodward, M. and Ezzati, M. and Abarca-Gómez, L. and Abdeen, Z.A. and Rahim, H.A. and Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. and Acosta-Cazares, B. and Adams, R. and Aekplakorn, W. and Afsana, K. and Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. and Agyemang, C. and Ahmadvand, A. and Ahrens, W. and Al Raddadi, R. and Al Woyatan, R. and Ali, M.M. and Alkerwi, A. and Aly, E. and Amouyel, P. and Amuzu, A. and Andersen, L.B. and Anderssen, S.A. and Ängquist, L. and Anjana, R.M. and Ansong, D. and Aounallah-Skhiri, H. and Araújo, J. and Ariansen, I. and Aris, T. and Arlappa, N. and Aryal, K. and Arveiler, D. and Assah, F.K. and Assunção, M.C.F. and Avdicová, M. and Azevedo, A. and Azizi, F. and Babu, B.V. and Bahijri, S. and Balakrishna, N. and Bandosz, P. and Banegas, J.R. and Barbagallo, C.M. and Barceló, A. and Barkat, A. and Barros, A.J.D. and Barros, M.V. and Bata, I. and Batieha, A.M. and Baur, L.A. and Beaglehole, R. and Romdhane, H.B. and Benet, M. and Benson, L.S. and Bernabe-Ortiz, A. and Bernotiene, G. and Bettiol, H. and Bhagyalaxmi, A. and Bharadwaj, S. and Bhargava, S.K. and Bi, Y. and Bikbov, M. and Bjerregaard, P. and Bjertness, E. and Björkelund, C. and Blokstra, A. and Bo, S. and Bobak, M. and Boeing, H. and Boggia, J.G. and Boissonnet, C.P. and Bongard, V. and Braeckman, L. and Brajkovich, I. and Branca, F. and Breckenkamp, J. and Brenner, H. and Brewster, L.M. and Bruno, G. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. and Bugge, A. and Burns, C. and Bursztyn, M. and de León, A.C. and Cacciottolo, J. and Cameron, C. and Can, G. and Cândido, A.P.C. and Capuano, V. and Cardoso, V.C. and Carlsson, A.C. and Carvalho, M.J. and Casanueva, F.F. and Casas, J.-P. and Caserta, C.A. and Chamukuttan, S. and Chan, A.W. and Chan, Q. and Chaturvedi, H.K. and Chaturvedi, N. and Chen, C.-J. and Chen, F. and Chen, H. and Chen, S. and Chen, Z. and Cheng, C.-Y. and Dekkaki, I.C. and Chetrit, A. and Chiolero, A. and Chiou, S.-T. and Chirita-Emandi, A. and Cho, B. and Cho, Y. and Chudek, J. and Cifkova, R. and Claessens, F. and Clays, E. and Concin, H. and Cooper, C. and Cooper, R. and Coppinger, T.C. and Costanzo, S. and Cottel, D. and Cowell, C. and Craig, C.L. and Crujeiras, A.B. and Cruz, J.J. and D'Arrigo, G. and d'Orsi, E. and Dallongeville, J. and Damasceno, A. and Dankner, R. and Dantoft, T.M. and Dauchet, L. and De Backer, G. and De Bacquer, D. and de Gaetano, G. and De Henauw, S. and De Smedt, D. and Deepa, M. and Dehghan, A. and Delisle, H. and Deschamps, V. and Dhana, K. and Di Castelnuovo, A.F. and Dias-da-Costa, J.S. and Diaz, A. and Dickerson, T.T. and Do, H.T.P. and Donfrancesco, C. and Dobson, A.J. and Donoso, S.P. and Döring, A. and Doua, K. and Drygas, W. and Dulskiene, V. and Džakula, A. and Dzerve, V. and Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. and Ekelund, U. and El Ati, J. and Ellert, U. and Elosua, R. and Erasmus, R.T. and Erem, C. and Eriksen, L. and Escobedo-de la Peña, J. and Evans, A. and Faeh, D. and Fall, C.H. and Farzadfar, F. and Felix-Redondo, F.J. and Ferguson, T.S. and Fernández-Bergés, D. and Ferrante, D. and Ferrari, M. and Ferreccio, C. and Ferrieres, J. and Finn, J.D. and Fischer, K. and Föger, B. and Foo, L.H. and Forslund, A.-S. and Forsner, M. and Fortmann, S.P. and Fouad, H.M. and Francis, D.K. and do Carmo Franco, M. and Franco, O.H. and Frontera, G. and Fuchs, F.D. and Fuchs, S.C. and Fujita, Y. and Furusawa, T. and Gaciong, Z. and Gareta, D. and Garnett, S.P. and Gaspoz, J.-M. and Gasull, M. and Gates, L. and Gavrila, D. and Geleijnse, J.M. and Ghasemian, A. and Ghimire, A. and Giampaoli, S. and Gianfagna, F. and Giovannelli, J. and Goldsmith, R.A. and Gonçalves, H. and Gross, M.G. and González Rivas, J.P. and Gottrand, F. and Graff-Iversen, S. and Grafnetter, D. and Grajda, A. and Gregor, R.D. and Grodzicki, T. and Grøntved, A. and Gruden, G. and Grujic, V. and Guan, O.P. and Gudnason, V. and Guerrero, R. and Guessous, I. and Guimaraes, A.L. and Gulliford, M.C. and Gunnlaugsdottir, J. and Gunter, M. and Gupta, P.C. and Gureje, O. and Gurzkowska, B. and Gutierrez, L. and Gutzwiller, F. and Hadaegh, F. and Halkjær, J. and Hambleton, I.R. and Hardy, R. and Harikumar, R. and Hata, J. and Hayes, A.J. and He, J. and Hendriks, M.E. and Henriques, A. and Cadena, L.H. and Herqutanto and Herrala, S. and Heshmat, R. and Hihtaniemi, I.T. and Ho, S.Y. and Ho, S.C. and Hobbs, M. and Hofman, A. and Dinc, G.H. and Hormiga, C.M. and Horta, B.L. and Houti, L. and Howitt, C. and Htay, T.T. and Htet, A.S. and Hu, Y. and Huerta, J.M. and Husseini, A.S. and Huybrechts, I. and Hwalla, N. and Iacoviello, L. and Iannone, A.G. and Ibrahim, M.M. and Ikram, M.A. and Irazola, V.E. and Islam, M. and Ivkovic, V. and Iwasaki, M. and Jacobs, J.M. and Jafar, T. and Jamrozik, K. and Janszky, I. and Jasienska, G. and Jelakovic, B. and Jiang, C.Q. and Johansson, M. and Jonas, J.B. and Jørgensen, T. and Joshi, P. and Juolevi, A. and Jurak, G. and Jureša, V. and Kaaks, R. and Kafatos, A. and Kalter-Leibovici, O. and Kamaruddin, N.A. and Kasaeian, A. and Katz, J. and Kauhanen, J. and Kaur, P. and Kavousi, M. and Kazakbaeva, G. and Keil, U. and Boker, L.K. and Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. and Kelishadi, R. and Kemper, H.C.G. and Kersting, M. and Key, T. and Khader, Y.S. and Khalili, D. and Khang, Y.-H. and Khaw, K.-T. and Kiechl, S. and Killewo, J. and Kim, J. and Klumbiene, J. and Kolle, E. and Kolsteren, P. and Korrovits, P. and Koskinen, S. and Kouda, K. and Koziel, S. and Kristensen, P.L. and Krokstad, S. and Kromhout, D. and Kruger, H.S. and Kubinova, R. and Kuciene, R. and Kuh, D. and Kujala, U.M. and Kula, K. and Kulaga, Z. and Krishna Kumar, R. and Kurjata, P. and Kusuma, Y.S. and Kuulasmaa, K. and Kyobutungi, C. and Lachat, C. and Landrove, O. and Lanska, V. and Lappas, G. and Larijani, B. and Laugsand, L.E. and Le Nguyen Bao, K. and Le, T.D. and Leclercq, C. and Lee, J. and Lee, J. and Lehtimäki, T. and Rampal, L. and León-Muñoz, L.M. and Levitt, N.S. and Li, Y. and Lilly, C.L. and Lim, W.-Y. and Lima-Costa, M.F. and Lin, H.-H. and Lin, X. and Linneberg, A. and Lissner, L. and Litwin, M. and Lorbeer, R. and Lotufo, P.A. and Lozano, J.E. and Luksiene, D. and Lundqvist, A. and Lunet, N. and Lytsy, P. and Ma, G. and Ma, J. and Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. and Machi, S. and Maggi, S. and Magliano, D.J. and Majer, M. and Makdisse, M. and Malekzadeh, R. and Malhotra, R. and Rao, K.M. and Malyutina, S. and Manios, Y. and Mann, J.I. and Manzato, E. and Margozzini, P. and Marques-Vidal, P. and Marrugat, J. and Martorell, R. and Mathiesen, E.B. and Matijasevich, A. and Matsha, T.E. and Mbanya, J.C.N. and McDonald Posso, A.J. and McFarlane, S.R. and McGarvey, S.T. and McLachlan, S. and McLean, R.M. and McNulty, B.A. and MdKhir, A.S. and Mediene-Benchekor, S. and Medzioniene, J. and Meirhaeghe, A. and Meisinger, C. and Menezes, A.M.B. and Menon, G.R. and Meshram, I.I. and Metspalu, A. and Mi, J. and Mikkel, K. and Miller, J.C. and Miquel, J.F. and Mišigoj-Durakovic, M. and Mohamed, M.K. and Mohammad, K. and Mohammadifard, N. and Mohan, V. and Mohd Yusoff, M.F. and Møller, N.C. and Molnár, D. and Momenan, A. and Monyeki, K.D.K. and Moreira, L.B. and Morejon, A. and Moreno, L.A. and Morgan, K. and Moschonis, G. and Mossakowska, M. and Mota, J. and Mostafa, A. and Motlagh, M.E. and Motta, J. and Muiesan, M.L. and Müller-Nurasyid, M. and Murphy, N. and Mursu, J. and Musil, V. and Nagel, G. and Naidu, B.M. and Nakamura, H. and Námešná, J. and Nang, E.E.K. and Nangia, V.B. and Narake, S. and Navarrete-Muñoz, E.M. and Ndiaye, N.C. and Neal, W.A. and Nenko, I. and Nervi, F. and Nguyen, N.D. and Nguyen, Q.N. and Nieto-Martínez, R.E. and Niiranen, T.J. and Ning, G. and Ninomiya, T. and Nishtar, S. and Noale, M. and Noboa, O.A. and Noorbala, A.A. and Norat, T. and Noto, D. and Al Nsour, M. and O'Reilly, D. and Oh, K. and Olinto, M.T.A. and Oliveira, I.O. and Omar, M.A. and Onat, A. and Ordunez, P. and Osmond, C. and Ostojic, S.M. and Otero, J.A. and Overvad, K. and Owusu-Dabo, E. and Paccaud, F.M. and Padez, C. and Pahomova, E. and Pajak, A. and Palli, D. and Palmieri, L. and Panda-Jonas, S. and Panza, F. and Papandreou, D. and Parnell, W.R. and Parsaeian, M. and Pecin, I. and Pednekar, M.S. and Peer, N. and Peeters, P.H. and Peixoto, S.V. and Pelletier, C. and Peltonen, M. and Pereira, A.C. and Pérez, R.M. and Peters, A. and Petkeviciene, J. and Pham, S.T. and Pigeot, I. and Pikhart, H. and Pilav, A. and Pilotto, L. and Pitakaka, F. and Plans-Rubió, P. and Polakowska, M. and Polašek, O. and Porta, M. and Portegies, M.L.P. and Pourshams, A. and Pradeepa, R. and Prashant, M. and Price, J.F. and Puiu, M. and Punab, M. and Qasrawi, R.F. and Qorbani, M. and Radic, I. and Radisauskas, R. and Rahman, M. and Raitakari, O. and Raj, M. and Rao, S.R. and Ramachandran, A. and Ramos, E. and Rampal, S. and Rangel Reina, D.A. and Rasmussen, F. and Redon, J. and Reganit, P.F.M. and Ribeiro, R. and Riboli, E. and Rigo, F. and Rinke de Wit, T.F. and Ritti-Dias, R.M. and Robinson, S.M. and Robitaille, C. and Rodríguez-Artalejo, F. and del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M. and Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A. and Rojas-Martinez, R. and Rosengren, A. and Rubinstein, A. and Rui, O. and Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. and Russo Horimoto, A.R.V. and Rutkowski, M. and Sabanayagam, C. and Sachdev, H.S. and Saidi, O. and Sakarya, S. and Salanave, B. and Martinez, E.S. and Salmerón, D. and Salomaa, V. and Salonen, J.T. and Salvetti, M. and Sánchez-Abanto, J. and Sans, S. and Santos, D. and Santos, I.S. and dos Santos, R.N. and Santos, R. and Saramies, J.L. and Sardinha, L.B. and Margolis, G.S. and Sarrafzadegan, N. and Saum, K.-U. and Savva, S.C. and Scazufca, M. and Schargrodsky, H. and Schneider, I.J. and Schultsz, C. and Schutte, A.E. and Sen, A. and Senbanjo, I.O. and Sepanlou, S.G. and Sharma, S.K. and Shaw, J.E. and Shibuya, K. and Shin, D.W. and Shin, Y. and Siantar, R. and Sibai, A.M. and Santos Silva, D.A. and Simon, M. and Simons, J. and Simons, L.A. and Sjöström, M. and Skovbjerg, S. and Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. and Slusarczyk, P. and Smith, M.C. and Snijder, M.B. and So, H.-K. and Sobngwi, E. and Söderberg, S. and Solfrizzi, V. and Sonestedt, E. and Song, Y. and Sørensen, T.I.A. and Jérome, C.S. and Soumare, A. and Staessen, J.A. and Starc, G. and Stathopoulou, M.G. and Stavreski, B. and Steene-Johannessen, J. and Stehle, P. and Stein, A.D. and Stergiou, G.S. and Stessman, J. and 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and Veronesi, G. and Verschuren, W.M.M. and Verstraeten, R. and Victora, C.G. and Viet, L. and Viikari-Juntura, E. and Vineis, P. and Vioque, J. and Virtanen, J.K. and Visvikis-Siest, S. and Viswanathan, B. and Vollenweider, P. and Voutilainen, S. and Vrdoljak, A. and Vrijheid, M. and Wade, A.N. and Wagner, A. and Walton, J. and Wan Mohamud, W.N. and Wang, M.-D. and Wang, Q. and Wang, Y.X. and Wannamethee, S.G. and Wareham, N. and Wederkopp, N. and Weerasekera, D. and Whincup, P.H. and Widhalm, K. and Widyahening, I.S. and Wijga, A.H. and Wiecek, A. and Wilks, R.J. and Willeit, J. and Willeit, P. and Williams, E.A. and Wilsgaard, T. and Wojtyniak, B. and Wong, T.Y. and Wong-McClure, R.A. and Woo, J. and Wu, A.G. and Wu, F.C. and Wu, S.L. and Xu, H. and Yan, W. and Yang, X. and Ye, X. and Yiallouros, P.K. and Yoshihara, A. and Younger-Coleman, N.O. and Yusoff, A.F. and Yusoff, M.F.M. and Zambon, S. and Zdrojewski, T. and Zeng, Y. and Zhao, D. and Zhao, W. and Zheng, Y. and Zimmermann, E. and Cisneros, J.Z. and Zhu, D. and Eggertsen, R. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Imperial College London, United Kingdom, Middlesex University, United Kingdom, World Health Organization, Switzerland, University of California, Berkeley, United States, Tufts University, United States, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Brandeis University, United States, Mulago Hospital, Uganda, Yale University, United States, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Ministry of Health, Seychelles, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, China, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Japan, University of Auckland, New Zealand, Simon Fraser University, Canada, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, National Institute of Nutrition, India, Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital, China, Robert Koch Institute, Germany, Uppsala University, Sweden, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom, University of Zagreb, Croatia, University of Sydney, Australia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Costa Rica, Al-Quds University, Palestine, Qatar University, Qatar, Birzeit University, Palestine, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, The University of Adelaide, Australia, Mahidol University, Thailand, BRAC, Bangladesh, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutricion, Mexico, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Iran, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Germany, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Lille University and Hospital, France, Sogn and Fjordane University College, Norway, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, India, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana, National Institute of Public Health, Tunisia, University of Porto, Portugal, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia, Nepal Health Research Council, Nepal, Strasbourg University and Hospital, France, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia, University of Porto Medical School, Portugal, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Indian Council of Medical Research, India, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, University of Palermo, Italy, Pan American Health Organization, United States, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco, University of Pernambuco, Brazil, Dalhousie University, Canada, Jordan University of Science and 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Sad, Serbia, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, University of Iceland, Iceland, Universidad Icesi, Colombia, State University of Montes Claros, Brazil, King's College London, United Kingdom, Icelandic Heart Association, Iceland, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, India, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Argentina, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Denmark, The University of the West Indies, Barbados, Kyushu University, Japan, Tulane University, United States, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Oulu University Hospital, Finland, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Iran, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, University of Western Australia, Australia, Celal Bayar University, Turkey, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Colombia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil, University of Oran 1, Algeria, University of Public Health, Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Peking University, China, International Agency for Research on Cancer, France, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Cairo University, Egypt, Aga Khan University, Pakistan, UHC Zagreb, Croatia, Niigata University, Japan, Hadassah University Medical Center, Israel, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatia, Guangzhou 12th Hospital, China, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Germany, World Health Organization Country Office, India, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, University of Crete, Greece, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States, University of Eastern Finland, Finland, National Institute of Epidemiology, India, University of Münster, Germany, Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Iran, VU University Medical Center, Netherlands, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Germany, Seoul National University, South Korea, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania, National Cancer Center, South Korea, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium, Tartu University Clinics, Estonia, Polish Academy of Sciences Anthropology Unit in Wroclaw, Poland, University of Groningen, Netherlands, North-West University, South Africa, National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, African Population and Health Research Center, Kenya, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Cuba, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Iran, Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Tampere University Hospital, Finland, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, University of Cape Town, South Africa, West Virginia University, United States, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Brazil, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany, Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León, Spain, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, University of Uppsala, Sweden, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan, National Research Council, Italy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil, Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Russian Federation, Harokopio University, Greece, University of Otago, New Zealand, University of Padova, Italy, Emory University, United States, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama, Brown University, United States, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, University College Dublin, Ireland, Penang Medical College, Malaysia, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Hypertension Research Center, Iran, University of Pécs, Hungary, University of Limpopo, South Africa, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain, RCSI Dublin, Ireland, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poland, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Public Health, Panama, University of Brescia, Italy, Ulm University, Germany, Institute of Public Health, Malaysia, Kobe University, Japan, Suraj Eye Institute, India, INSERM, France, The University of Pharmacy and Medicine of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam, Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Venezuela, Heartfile, Pakistan, Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Jordan, Aarhus University, Denmark, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Switzerland, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Italy, University of Bari, Italy, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada, Heart Institute, Brazil, National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Cuba, Vietnam National Heart Institute, Viet Nam, Federal Ministry of Health, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cardiovascular Prevention Centre Udine, Italy, University of New South Wales, Australia, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Spain, University of Split, Croatia, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Turku University Hospital, Finland, Julius Centre University of Malaya, Malaysia, University of Valencia, Spain, University of the Philippines, Philippines, Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health, Brazil, Health Center San Agustín, Spain, PharmAccess Foundation, Netherlands, Canarian Health Service, Spain, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico, University of Madeira, Portugal, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, India, Marmara University, Turkey, University of Helsinki, Finland, National Institute of Health, Peru, Catalan Department of Health, Spain, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, University of Sao Paulo Clinics Hospital, Brazil, South Karelia Social and Health Care District, Finland, Robert Koch Institut, Germany, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Iran, Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Cyprus, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Iran, The University of Tokyo, Japan, St Vincent's Hospital, Australia, Lund University, Sweden, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Benin, University of Bordeaux, France, University of Leuven, Belgium, Heart Foundation, Australia, Bonn University, Germany, Sotiria Hospital, Greece, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Poland, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, Ministry of Health, Jordan, IB-SALUT Area de Salut de Menorca, Spain, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, United States, Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece, Government Medical College, India, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, South Africa, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Ministry of Health, New Zealand, University of Tampere Tays Eye Center, Finland, Centro di Prevenzione Cardiovascolare Udine, Italy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Spain, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Spain, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, University of Strasbourg, France, University College Cork, Ireland, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia, Xinjiang Medical University, China, Beijing Tongren Hospital, China, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture, China, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, University of Cyprus, Cyprus, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, and Inner Mongolia Medical University, China
Abstract: Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
Published: 2017

18. Erratum to Worldwide comparison of ovarian cancer survival: Histological group and stage at diagnosis (CONCORD-2) [Gynecol. Oncol. 144 (2017) 396-404]

Author: Matz M, Coleman MP, Carreira H, Salmerón D, Chirlaque MD, Allemani C, and CONCORD Working Group
Published: 2017

19. Worldwide comparison of ovarian cancer survival: Histological group and stage at diagnosis (CONCORD-2)

Author: Matz, M, Coleman, MP, Carreira, H, Salmerón, D, Chirlaque, MD, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Stefan, DC, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, Lobo de Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Latorre, MRDO, Tanaka, LF, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, KI, and Stuart-Panko, H
Subjects: Ovarian Neoplasms, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Aged
Abstract: © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Objective Ovarian cancer comprises several histological groups with widely differing levels of survival. We aimed to explore international variation in survival for each group to help interpret international differences in survival from all ovarian cancers combined. We also examined differences in stage-specific survival. Methods The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival, including data from 60 countries for 695,932 women (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 1995–2009. We defined six histological groups: type I epithelial, type II epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal, other specific non-epithelial and non-specific morphology, and estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival for each country by histological group. We also analysed data from 67 cancer registries for 233,659 women diagnosed from 2001 to 2009, for whom information on stage at diagnosis was available. We estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival by stage at diagnosis (localised or advanced). Results Survival from type I epithelial ovarian tumours for women diagnosed during 2005–09 ranged from 40 to 70%. Survival from type II epithelial tumours was much lower (20–45%). Survival from germ cell tumours was higher than that of type II epithelial tumours, but also varied widely between countries. Survival for sex-cord stromal tumours was higher than for the five other groups. Survival from localised tumours was much higher than for advanced disease (80% vs. 30%). Conclusions There is wide variation in survival between histological groups, and stage at diagnosis remains an important factor in ovarian cancer survival. International comparisons of ovarian cancer survival should incorporate histology.
Published: 2016

20. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants

Author: Zhou, B, Bentham, J, Di Cesare, M, Bixby, H, Danaei, G, Cowan, MJ, Paciorek, CJ, Singh, G, Hajifathalian, K, Bennett, JE, Taddei, C, Bilano, V, Carrillo-Larco, RM, Djalalinia, S, Khatibzadeh, S, Lugero, C, Peykari, N, Zhang, WZ, Lu, Y, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Bovet, P, Elliott, P, Gu, D, Ikeda, N, Jackson, RT, Joffres, M, Kengne, AP, Laatikainen, T, Lam, TH, Laxmaiah, A, Liu, J, Miranda, JJ, Mondo, CK, Neuhauser, HK, Sundström, J, Smeeth, L, Soric, M, Woodward, M, Ezzati, M, Abarca-Gómez, L, Abdeen, ZA, Rahim, HA, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, R, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Agyemang, C, Ahmadvand, A, Ahrens, W, Al Raddadi, R, Al Woyatan, R, Ali, MM, Alkerwi, A, Aly, E, Amouyel, P, Amuzu, A, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Ängquist, L, Anjana, RM, Ansong, D, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araújo, J, Ariansen, I, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Aryal, K, Arveiler, D, Assah, FK, Assun ao, MCF, Avdicová, M, Azevedo, A, Azizi, F, Babu, BV, Bahijri, S, Balakrishna, N, Bandosz, P, Banegas, JR, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, A, Barkat, A, Barros, AJD, Barros, MV, Bata, I, Batieha, AM, Baur, LA, Beaglehole, R, Romdhane, HB, Benet, M, Benson, LS, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bernotiene, G, Bettiol, H, Bhagyalaxmi, A, Bharadwaj, S, Bhargava, SK, Bi, Y, Bikbov, M, Bjerregaard, P, Bjertness, E, Björkelund, C, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Boeing, H, Boggia, JG, Boissonnet, CP, Bongard, V, Braeckman, L, Brajkovich, I, Branca, F, Breckenkamp, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, LM, Bruno, G, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Bugge, A, Burns, C, Bursztyn, M, de León, AC, Cacciottolo, J, Cameron, C, Can, G, Cândido, APC, Capuano, V, Cardoso, VC, Carlsson, AC, Carvalho, MJ, Casanueva, FF, Casas, J-P, Caserta, CA, Chamukuttan, S, Chan, AW, Chan, Q, Chaturvedi, HK, Chaturvedi, N, Chen, C-J, Chen, F, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chen, Z, Cheng, C-Y, Dekkaki, IC, Chetrit, A, Chiolero, A, Chiou, S-T, Chirita-Emandi, A, Cho, B, Cho, Y, Chudek, J, Cifkova, R, Claessens, F, Clays, E, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Cooper, R, Coppinger, TC, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Craig, CL, Crujeiras, AB, Cruz, JJ, D Arrigo, G, d Orsi, E, Dallongeville, J, Damasceno, A, Dankner, R, Dantoft, TM, Dauchet, L, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, De Smedt, D, Deepa, M, Dehghan, A, Delisle, H, Deschamps, V, Dhana, K, Di Castelnuovo, AF, Dias-da-Costa, JS, Diaz, A, Dickerson, TT, Do, HTP, Dobson, AJ, Donfrancesco, C, Donoso, SP, Döring, A, Doua, K, Drygas, W, Dulskiene, V, D akula, A, Dzerve, V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E, Eggertsen, R, Ekelund, U, El Ati, J, Ellert, U, Elosua, R, Erasmus, RT, Erem, C, Eriksen, L, Escobedo-de la Pe na, J, Evans, A, Faeh, D, Fall, CH, Farzadfar, F, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Ferguson, TS, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrante, D, Ferrari, M, Ferreccio, C, Ferrieres, J, Finn, JD, Fischer, K, Föger, B, Foo, LH, Forslund, A-S, Forsner, M, Fortmann, SP, Fouad, HM, Francis, DK, do Carmo Franco, M, Franco, OH, Frontera, G, Fuchs, FD, Fuchs, SC, Fujita, Y, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Gareta, D, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasull, M, Gates, L, Gavrila, D, Geleijnse, JM, Ghasemian, A, Ghimire, A, Giampaoli, S, Gianfagna, F, Giovannelli, J, Goldsmith, RA, Gon alves, H, Gross, MG, González Rivas, JP, Gottrand, F, Graff-Iversen, S, Grafnetter, D, Grajda, A, Gregor, RD, Grodzicki, T, Grøntved, A, Gruden, G, Grujic, V, Guan, OP, Gudnason, V, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, AL, Gulliford, MC, Gunnlaugsdottir, J, Gunter, M, Gupta, PC, Gureje, O, Gurzkowska, B, Gutierrez, L, Gutzwiller, F, Hadaegh, F, Halkj r, J, Hambleton, IR, Hardy, R, Harikumar, R, Hata, J, Hayes, AJ, He, J, Hendriks, ME, Henriques, A, Cadena, LH, Herqutanto, Herrala, S, Heshmat, R, Hihtaniemi, IT, Ho, SY, Ho, SC, Hobbs, M, Hofman, A, Dinc, GH, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Howitt, C, Htay, TT, Htet, AS, Hu, Y, Huerta, JM, Husseini, AS, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ibrahim, MM, Ikram, MA, Irazola, VE, Islam, M, Ivkovic, V, Iwasaki, M, Jacobs, JM, Jafar, T, Jamrozik, K, Janszky, I, Jasienska, G, Jelakovic, B, Jiang, CQ, Johansson, M, Jonas, JB, J rgensen, T, Joshi, P, Juolevi, A, Jurak, G, Jure a, V, Kaaks, R, Kafatos, A, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kamaruddin, NA, Kasaeian, A, Katz, J, Kauhanen, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Kazakbaeva, G, Keil, U, Boker, LK, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kelishadi, R, Kemper, HCG, Kersting, M, Key, T, Khader, YS, Khalili, D, Khang, Y-H, Khaw, K-T, Kiechl, S, Killewo, J, Kim, J, Klumbiene, J, Kolle, E, Kolsteren, P, Korrovits, P, Koskinen, S, Kouda, K, Koziel, S, Kristensen, PL, Krokstad, S, Kromhout, D, Kruger, HS, Kubinova, R, Kuciene, R, Kuh, D, Kujala, UM, Kula, K, Kulaga, Z, Krishna Kumar, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, YS, Kuulasmaa, K, Kyobutungi, C, Lachat, C, Landrove, O, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Larijani, B, Laugsand, LE, Le Nguyen Bao, K, Le, TD, Leclercq, C, Lee, J, Lehtimäki, T, Lekhraj, R, León-Mu noz, LM, Levitt, NS, Li, Y, Lilly, CL, Lim, W-Y, Lima-Costa, MF, Lin, H-H, Lin, X, Linneberg, A, Lissner, L, Litwin, M, Lorbeer, R, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, JE, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lunet, N, Lytsy, P, Ma, G, Ma, J, Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machi, S, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Majer, M, Makdisse, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Rao, KM, Malyutina, S, Manios, Y, Mann, JI, Manzato, E, Margozzini, P, Marques-Vidal, P, Marrugat, J, Martorell, R, Mathiesen, EB, Matijasevich, A, Matsha, TE, Mbanya, JCN, McDonald Posso, AJ, McFarlane, SR, McGarvey, ST, McLachlan, S, McLean, RM, McNulty, BA, MdKhir, AS, Mediene-Benchekor, S, Medzioniene, J, Meirhaeghe, A, Meisinger, C, Menezes, AMB, Menon, GR, Meshram, II, Metspalu, A, Mi, J, Mikkel, K, Miller, JC, Miquel, JF, Mi igoj-Durakovic, M, Mohamed, MK, Mohammad, K, Mohammadifard, N, Mohan, V, Mohd Yusoff, MF, M ller, NC, Molnár, D, Momenan, A, Monyeki, KDK, Moreira, LB, Morejon, A, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mota, J, Motlagh, ME, Motta, J, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Murphy, N, Mursu, J, Musil, V, Nagel, G, Naidu, BM, Nakamura, H, Náme ná, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Narake, S, Navarrete-Mu noz, EM, Ndiaye, NC, Neal, WA, Nenko, I, Nervi, F, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, QN, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Niiranen, TJ, Ning, G, Ninomiya, T, Nishtar, S, Noale, M, Noboa, OA, Noorbala, AA, Norat, T, Noto, D, Al Nsour, M, O Reilly, D, Oh, K, Olinto, MTA, Oliveira, IO, Omar, MA, Onat, A, Ordunez, P, Osmond, C, Ostojic, SM, Otero, JA, Overvad, K, Owusu-Dabo, E, Paccaud, FM, Padez, C, Pahomova, E, Pajak, A, Palli, D, Palmieri, L, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Papandreou, D, Parnell, WR, Parsaeian, M, Pecin, I, Pednekar, MS, Peer, N, Peeters, PH, Peixoto, SV, Pelletier, C, Peltonen, M, Pereira, AC, Pérez, RM, Peters, A, Petkeviciene, J, Pham, ST, Pigeot, I, Pikhart, H, Pilav, A, Pilotto, L, Pitakaka, F, Plans-Rubió, P, Polakowska, M, Pola ek, O, Porta, M, Portegies, MLP, Pourshams, A, Pradeepa, R, Prashant, M, Price, JF, Puiu, M, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Radic, I, Radisauskas, R, Rahman, M, Raitakari, O, Raj, M, Rao, SR, Ramachandran, A, Ramos, E, Rampal, S, Rangel Reina, DA, Rasmussen, F, Redon, J, Reganit, PFM, Ribeiro, R, Riboli, E, Rigo, F, Rinke de Wit, TF, Ritti-Dias, RM, Robinson, SM, Robitaille, C, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M, Rodríguez-Villamizar, LA, Rojas-Martinez, R, Rosengren, A, Rubinstein, A, Rui, O, Ruiz-Betancourt, BS, Russo Horimoto, ARV, Rutkowski, M, Sabanayagam, C, Sachdev, HS, Saidi, O, Sakarya, S, Salanave, B, Martinez, ES, Salmerón, D, Salomaa, V, Salonen, JT, Salvetti, M, Sánchez-Abanto, J, Sans, S, Santos, D, Santos, IS, dos Santos, RN, Santos, R, Saramies, JL, Sardinha, LB, Margolis, GS, Sarrafzadegan, N, Saum, K-U, Savva, SC, Scazufca, M, Schargrodsky, H, Schneider, IJ, Schultsz, C, Schutte, AE, Sen, A, Senbanjo, IO, Sepanlou, SG, Sharma, SK, Shaw, JE, Shibuya, K, Shin, DW, Shin, Y, Siantar, R, Sibai, AM, Santos Silva, DA, Simon, M, Simons, J, Simons, LA, Sjöström, M, Skovbjerg, S, Slowikowska-Hilczer, J, Slusarczyk, P, Smith, MC, Snijder, MB, So, H-K, Sobngwi, E, Söderberg, S, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Song, Y, S rensen, TIA, Jérome, CS, Soumare, A, Staessen, JA, Starc, G, Stathopoulou, MG, Stavreski, B, Steene-Johannessen, J, Stehle, P, Stein, AD, Stergiou, GS, Stessman, J, Stieber, J, Stöckl, D, Stocks, T, Stokwiszewski, J, Stronks, K, Strufaldi, MW, Sun, C-A, Sung, Y-T, Suriyawongpaisal, P, Sy, RG, Tai, ES, Tammesoo, M-L, Tamosiunas, A, Tang, L, Tang, X, Tanser, F, Tao, Y, Tarawneh, MR, Tarqui-Mamani, CB, Taylor, A, Theobald, H, Thijs, L, Thuesen, BH, Tjonneland, A, Tolonen, HK, Tolstrup, JS, Topbas, M, Topór-Madry, R, Tormo, MJ, Torrent, M, Traissac, P, Trichopoulos, D, Trichopoulou, A, Trinh, OTH, Trivedi, A, Tshepo, L, Tulloch-Reid, MK, Tuomainen, T-P, Tuomilehto, J, Turley, ML, Tynelius, P, Tzourio, C, Ueda, P, Ugel, E, Ulmer, H, Uusitalo, HMT, Valdivia, G, Valvi, D, van der Schouw, YT, Van Herck, K, van Rossem, L, van Valkengoed, IGM, Vanderschueren, D, Vanuzzo, D, Vatten, L, Vega, T, Velasquez-Melendez, G, Veronesi, G, Verschuren, WMM, Verstraeten, R, Victora, CG, Viet, L, Viikari-Juntura, E, Vineis, P, Vioque, J, Virtanen, JK, Visvikis-Siest, S, Viswanathan, B, Vollenweider, P, Voutilainen, S, Vrdoljak, A, Vrijheid, M, Wade, AN, Wagner, A, Walton, J, Wan Mohamud, WN, Wang, M-D, Wang, Q, Wang, YX, Wannamethee, SG, Wareham, N, Wederkopp, N, Weerasekera, D, Whincup, PH, Widhalm, K, Widyahening, IS, Wiecek, A, Wijga, AH, Wilks, RJ, Willeit, J, Willeit, P, Williams, EA, Wilsgaard, T, Wojtyniak, B, Wong, TY, Wong-McClure, RA, Woo, J, Wu, AG, Wu, FC, Wu, SL, Xu, H, Yan, W, Yang, X, Ye, X, Yiallouros, PK, Yoshihara, A, Younger-Coleman, NO, Yusoff, AF, Yusoff, MFM, Zambon, S, Zdrojewski, T, Zeng, Y, Zhao, D, Zhao, W, Zheng, Y, Zhu, D, Zimmermann, E, Cisneros, JZ, Zhou, B, Bentham, J, Di Cesare, M, Bixby, H, Danaei, G, Cowan, MJ, Paciorek, CJ, Singh, G, Hajifathalian, K, Bennett, JE, Taddei, C, Bilano, V, Carrillo-Larco, RM, Djalalinia, S, Khatibzadeh, S, Lugero, C, Peykari, N, Zhang, WZ, Lu, Y, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Bovet, P, Elliott, P, Gu, D, Ikeda, N, Jackson, RT, Joffres, M, Kengne, AP, Laatikainen, T, Lam, TH, Laxmaiah, A, Liu, J, Miranda, JJ, Mondo, CK, Neuhauser, HK, Sundström, J, Smeeth, L, Soric, M, Woodward, M, Ezzati, M, Abarca-Gómez, L, Abdeen, ZA, Rahim, HA, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, R, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Agyemang, C, Ahmadvand, A, Ahrens, W, Al Raddadi, R, Al Woyatan, R, Ali, MM, Alkerwi, A, Aly, E, Amouyel, P, Amuzu, A, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Ängquist, L, Anjana, RM, Ansong, D, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araújo, J, Ariansen, I, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Aryal, K, Arveiler, D, Assah, FK, Assun ao, MCF, Avdicová, M, Azevedo, A, Azizi, F, Babu, BV, Bahijri, S, Balakrishna, N, Bandosz, P, Banegas, JR, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, A, Barkat, A, Barros, AJD, Barros, MV, Bata, I, Batieha, AM, Baur, LA, Beaglehole, R, Romdhane, HB, Benet, M, Benson, LS, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bernotiene, G, Bettiol, H, Bhagyalaxmi, A, Bharadwaj, S, Bhargava, 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Kazakbaeva, G, Keil, U, Boker, LK, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kelishadi, R, Kemper, HCG, Kersting, M, Key, T, Khader, YS, Khalili, D, Khang, Y-H, Khaw, K-T, Kiechl, S, Killewo, J, Kim, J, Klumbiene, J, Kolle, E, Kolsteren, P, Korrovits, P, Koskinen, S, Kouda, K, Koziel, S, Kristensen, PL, Krokstad, S, Kromhout, D, Kruger, HS, Kubinova, R, Kuciene, R, Kuh, D, Kujala, UM, Kula, K, Kulaga, Z, Krishna Kumar, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, YS, Kuulasmaa, K, Kyobutungi, C, Lachat, C, Landrove, O, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Larijani, B, Laugsand, LE, Le Nguyen Bao, K, Le, TD, Leclercq, C, Lee, J, Lehtimäki, T, Lekhraj, R, León-Mu noz, LM, Levitt, NS, Li, Y, Lilly, CL, Lim, W-Y, Lima-Costa, MF, Lin, H-H, Lin, X, Linneberg, A, Lissner, L, Litwin, M, Lorbeer, R, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, JE, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lunet, N, Lytsy, P, Ma, G, Ma, J, Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machi, S, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Majer, M, Makdisse, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Rao, KM, Malyutina, S, Manios, Y, Mann, JI, Manzato, E, Margozzini, P, Marques-Vidal, P, Marrugat, J, Martorell, R, Mathiesen, EB, Matijasevich, A, Matsha, TE, Mbanya, JCN, McDonald Posso, AJ, McFarlane, SR, McGarvey, ST, McLachlan, S, McLean, RM, McNulty, BA, MdKhir, AS, Mediene-Benchekor, S, Medzioniene, J, Meirhaeghe, A, Meisinger, C, Menezes, AMB, Menon, GR, Meshram, II, Metspalu, A, Mi, J, Mikkel, K, Miller, JC, Miquel, JF, Mi igoj-Durakovic, M, Mohamed, MK, Mohammad, K, Mohammadifard, N, Mohan, V, Mohd Yusoff, MF, M ller, NC, Molnár, D, Momenan, A, Monyeki, KDK, Moreira, LB, Morejon, A, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mota, J, Motlagh, ME, Motta, J, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Murphy, N, Mursu, J, Musil, V, Nagel, G, Naidu, BM, Nakamura, H, Náme ná, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Narake, S, Navarrete-Mu noz, EM, Ndiaye, NC, Neal, WA, Nenko, I, Nervi, F, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, QN, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Niiranen, TJ, Ning, G, Ninomiya, T, Nishtar, S, Noale, M, Noboa, OA, Noorbala, AA, Norat, T, Noto, D, Al Nsour, M, O Reilly, D, Oh, K, Olinto, MTA, Oliveira, IO, Omar, MA, Onat, A, Ordunez, P, Osmond, C, Ostojic, SM, Otero, JA, Overvad, K, Owusu-Dabo, E, Paccaud, FM, Padez, C, Pahomova, E, Pajak, A, Palli, D, Palmieri, L, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Papandreou, D, Parnell, WR, Parsaeian, M, Pecin, I, Pednekar, MS, Peer, N, Peeters, PH, Peixoto, SV, Pelletier, C, Peltonen, M, Pereira, AC, Pérez, RM, Peters, A, Petkeviciene, J, Pham, ST, Pigeot, I, Pikhart, H, Pilav, A, Pilotto, L, Pitakaka, F, Plans-Rubió, P, Polakowska, M, Pola ek, O, Porta, M, Portegies, MLP, Pourshams, A, Pradeepa, R, Prashant, M, Price, JF, Puiu, M, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Radic, I, Radisauskas, R, Rahman, M, Raitakari, O, Raj, M, Rao, SR, Ramachandran, A, Ramos, E, Rampal, S, Rangel Reina, DA, Rasmussen, F, Redon, J, Reganit, PFM, Ribeiro, R, Riboli, E, Rigo, F, Rinke de Wit, TF, Ritti-Dias, RM, Robinson, SM, Robitaille, C, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M, Rodríguez-Villamizar, LA, Rojas-Martinez, R, Rosengren, A, Rubinstein, A, Rui, O, Ruiz-Betancourt, BS, Russo Horimoto, ARV, Rutkowski, M, Sabanayagam, C, Sachdev, HS, Saidi, O, Sakarya, S, Salanave, B, Martinez, ES, Salmerón, D, Salomaa, V, Salonen, JT, Salvetti, M, Sánchez-Abanto, J, Sans, S, Santos, D, Santos, IS, dos Santos, RN, Santos, R, Saramies, JL, Sardinha, LB, Margolis, GS, Sarrafzadegan, N, Saum, K-U, Savva, SC, Scazufca, M, Schargrodsky, H, Schneider, IJ, Schultsz, C, Schutte, AE, Sen, A, Senbanjo, IO, Sepanlou, SG, Sharma, SK, Shaw, JE, Shibuya, K, Shin, DW, Shin, Y, Siantar, R, Sibai, AM, Santos Silva, DA, Simon, M, Simons, J, Simons, LA, Sjöström, M, Skovbjerg, S, Slowikowska-Hilczer, J, Slusarczyk, P, Smith, MC, Snijder, MB, So, H-K, Sobngwi, E, Söderberg, S, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Song, Y, S rensen, TIA, Jérome, CS, Soumare, A, Staessen, JA, Starc, G, Stathopoulou, MG, Stavreski, B, Steene-Johannessen, J, Stehle, P, Stein, AD, Stergiou, GS, Stessman, J, Stieber, J, Stöckl, D, Stocks, T, Stokwiszewski, J, Stronks, K, Strufaldi, MW, Sun, C-A, Sung, Y-T, Suriyawongpaisal, P, Sy, RG, Tai, ES, Tammesoo, M-L, Tamosiunas, A, Tang, L, Tang, X, Tanser, F, Tao, Y, Tarawneh, MR, Tarqui-Mamani, CB, Taylor, A, Theobald, H, Thijs, L, Thuesen, BH, Tjonneland, A, Tolonen, HK, Tolstrup, JS, Topbas, M, Topór-Madry, R, Tormo, MJ, Torrent, M, Traissac, P, Trichopoulos, D, Trichopoulou, A, Trinh, OTH, Trivedi, A, Tshepo, L, Tulloch-Reid, MK, Tuomainen, T-P, Tuomilehto, J, Turley, ML, Tynelius, P, Tzourio, C, Ueda, P, Ugel, E, Ulmer, H, Uusitalo, HMT, Valdivia, G, Valvi, D, van der Schouw, YT, Van Herck, K, van Rossem, L, van Valkengoed, IGM, Vanderschueren, D, Vanuzzo, D, Vatten, L, Vega, T, Velasquez-Melendez, G, Veronesi, G, Verschuren, WMM, Verstraeten, R, Victora, CG, Viet, L, Viikari-Juntura, E, Vineis, P, Vioque, J, Virtanen, JK, Visvikis-Siest, S, Viswanathan, B, Vollenweider, P, Voutilainen, S, Vrdoljak, A, Vrijheid, M, Wade, AN, Wagner, A, Walton, J, Wan Mohamud, WN, Wang, M-D, Wang, Q, Wang, YX, Wannamethee, SG, Wareham, N, Wederkopp, N, Weerasekera, D, Whincup, PH, Widhalm, K, Widyahening, IS, Wiecek, A, Wijga, AH, Wilks, RJ, Willeit, J, Willeit, P, Williams, EA, Wilsgaard, T, Wojtyniak, B, Wong, TY, Wong-McClure, RA, Woo, J, Wu, AG, Wu, FC, Wu, SL, Xu, H, Yan, W, Yang, X, Ye, X, Yiallouros, PK, Yoshihara, A, Younger-Coleman, NO, Yusoff, AF, Yusoff, MFM, Zambon, S, Zdrojewski, T, Zeng, Y, Zhao, D, Zhao, W, Zheng, Y, Zhu, D, Zimmermann, E, and Cisneros, JZ
Abstract: Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and so
Published: 2017

21. Worldwide comparison of ovarian cancer survival: Histological group and stage at diagnosis (CONCORD-2)

Author: Matz, M, Coleman, MP, Carreira, H, Salmerón, D, Chirlaque, MD, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Stefan, DC, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, Lobo de Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Latorre, MRDO, Tanaka, LF, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, KI, Stuart-Panko, H, Matz, M, Coleman, MP, Carreira, H, Salmerón, D, Chirlaque, MD, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Stefan, DC, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, Lobo de Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Latorre, MRDO, Tanaka, LF, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, KI, and Stuart-Panko, H
Abstract: © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Objective Ovarian cancer comprises several histological groups with widely differing levels of survival. We aimed to explore international variation in survival for each group to help interpret international differences in survival from all ovarian cancers combined. We also examined differences in stage-specific survival. Methods The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival, including data from 60 countries for 695,932 women (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 1995–2009. We defined six histological groups: type I epithelial, type II epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal, other specific non-epithelial and non-specific morphology, and estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival for each country by histological group. We also analysed data from 67 cancer registries for 233,659 women diagnosed from 2001 to 2009, for whom information on stage at diagnosis was available. We estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival by stage at diagnosis (localised or advanced). Results Survival from type I epithelial ovarian tumours for women diagnosed during 2005–09 ranged from 40 to 70%. Survival from type II epithelial tumours was much lower (20–45%). Survival from germ cell tumours was higher than that of type II epithelial tumours, but also varied widely between countries. Survival for sex-cord stromal tumours was higher than for the five other groups. Survival from localised tumours was much higher than for advanced disease (80% vs. 30%). Conclusions There is wide variation in survival between histological groups, and stage at diagnosis remains an important factor in ovarian cancer survival. International comparisons of ovarian cancer survival should incorporate histology.
Published: 2017

22. Objective Bayesian model selection approach to the two way analysis of variance.

Author: Cano, J. A., Carazo, C., and Salmerón, D.
Subjects: BAYESIAN analysis, TWO-way analysis of variance, HETEROSCEDASTICITY, HOMOSCEDASTICITY, MATHEMATICAL statistics, REGRESSION analysis, LEAST squares
Abstract: An objective Bayesian procedure for testing in the two way analysis of variance is proposed. In the classical methodology the main effects of the two factors and the interaction effect are formulated as linear contrasts between means of normal populations, and hypotheses of the existence of such effects are tested. In this paper, for the first time these hypotheses have been formulated as objective Bayesian model selection problems. Our development is under homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity, providing exact solutions in both cases. Bayes factors are the key tool to choose between the models under comparison but for the usual default prior distributions they are not well defined. To avoid this difficulty Bayes factors for intrinsic priors are proposed and they are applied in this setting to test the existence of the main effects and the interaction effect. The method has been illustrated with an example and compared with the classical method. For this example, both approaches went in the same direction although the large P value for interaction (0.79) only prevents us against to reject the null, and the posterior probability of the null (0.95) was conclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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23. Investigation of dietary factors and endometrial cancer risk using a nutrient-wide association study approach in the EPIC and nurses' health study (NHS) and NHSII

Author: Merritt, Melissa A., Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Tworoger, Shelley S., De Vivo, Immaculata, Hankinson, Susan E., Fernandes, Judy, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Tjønneland, Anne, Petersen, Kristina E N, Dahm, Christina C., Overvad, Kim, Dossus, Laure, Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Fagherazzi, Guy, Fortner, Renée T., Kaaks, Rudolf, Aleksandrova, Krasimira, Boeing, Heiner, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Bamia, Christina, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Palli, Domenico, Grioni, Sara, Tumino, Rosario, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Mattiello, Amalia, Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. B., Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Peeters, Petra H., Gram, Inger T., Skeie, Guri, Quirós, J. Ramón, Duell, Eric J., Sánchez, María José, Salmerón, D., Barricarte, Aurelio, Chamosa, Saioa, Ericson, Ulrica, Sonestedt, Emily, Nilsson, Lena Maria, Idahl, Annika, Khaw, Kay Tee, Wareham, Nicholas, Travis, Ruth C., Rinaldi, Sabina, Romieu, Isabelle, Patel, Chirag J., Riboli, Elio, Gunter, Marc J., Merritt, Melissa A., Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Tworoger, Shelley S., De Vivo, Immaculata, Hankinson, Susan E., Fernandes, Judy, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Tjønneland, Anne, Petersen, Kristina E N, Dahm, Christina C., Overvad, Kim, Dossus, Laure, Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Fagherazzi, Guy, Fortner, Renée T., Kaaks, Rudolf, Aleksandrova, Krasimira, Boeing, Heiner, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Bamia, Christina, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Palli, Domenico, Grioni, Sara, Tumino, Rosario, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Mattiello, Amalia, Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. B., Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Peeters, Petra H., Gram, Inger T., Skeie, Guri, Quirós, J. Ramón, Duell, Eric J., Sánchez, María José, Salmerón, D., Barricarte, Aurelio, Chamosa, Saioa, Ericson, Ulrica, Sonestedt, Emily, Nilsson, Lena Maria, Idahl, Annika, Khaw, Kay Tee, Wareham, Nicholas, Travis, Ruth C., Rinaldi, Sabina, Romieu, Isabelle, Patel, Chirag J., Riboli, Elio, and Gunter, Marc J.
Published: 2015

24. Investigation of dietary factors and endometrial cancer risk using a nutrient-wide association study approach in the EPIC and nurses' health study (NHS) and NHSII

Author: MS MDL 1, Cancer, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 3, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Epi Kanker Team 1, Merritt, Melissa A., Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Tworoger, Shelley S., De Vivo, Immaculata, Hankinson, Susan E., Fernandes, Judy, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Tjønneland, Anne, Petersen, Kristina E N, Dahm, Christina C., Overvad, Kim, Dossus, Laure, Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Fagherazzi, Guy, Fortner, Renée T., Kaaks, Rudolf, Aleksandrova, Krasimira, Boeing, Heiner, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Bamia, Christina, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Palli, Domenico, Grioni, Sara, Tumino, Rosario, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Mattiello, Amalia, Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. B., Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Peeters, Petra H., Gram, Inger T., Skeie, Guri, Quirós, J. Ramón, Duell, Eric J., Sánchez, María José, Salmerón, D., Barricarte, Aurelio, Chamosa, Saioa, Ericson, Ulrica, Sonestedt, Emily, Nilsson, Lena Maria, Idahl, Annika, Khaw, Kay Tee, Wareham, Nicholas, Travis, Ruth C., Rinaldi, Sabina, Romieu, Isabelle, Patel, Chirag J., Riboli, Elio, Gunter, Marc J., MS MDL 1, Cancer, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 3, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Epi Kanker Team 1, Merritt, Melissa A., Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Tworoger, Shelley S., De Vivo, Immaculata, Hankinson, Susan E., Fernandes, Judy, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Tjønneland, Anne, Petersen, Kristina E N, Dahm, Christina C., Overvad, Kim, Dossus, Laure, Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Fagherazzi, Guy, Fortner, Renée T., Kaaks, Rudolf, Aleksandrova, Krasimira, Boeing, Heiner, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Bamia, Christina, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Palli, Domenico, Grioni, Sara, Tumino, Rosario, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Mattiello, Amalia, Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. B., Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Peeters, Petra H., Gram, Inger T., Skeie, Guri, Quirós, J. Ramón, Duell, Eric J., Sánchez, María José, Salmerón, D., Barricarte, Aurelio, Chamosa, Saioa, Ericson, Ulrica, Sonestedt, Emily, Nilsson, Lena Maria, Idahl, Annika, Khaw, Kay Tee, Wareham, Nicholas, Travis, Ruth C., Rinaldi, Sabina, Romieu, Isabelle, Patel, Chirag J., Riboli, Elio, and Gunter, Marc J.
Published: 2015

25. Application of an objective statistical Bayesian analysis of a nonlinear regression model to the comparison of total degraded proportions of several foods

Author: Cano, J. A. and Salmerón, D.
Subjects: 6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca [CDU], Curva de degradación, Digestibilidad in vitro
Abstract: En este trabajo se comparan las proporciones totales degradadas en digestiones in vitro de varios alimentos. Para ello, la proporción de un alimento degradada hasta un tiempo t se modela como una función exponencial no linealizable de t y se realiza un análisis estadístico bayesiano objetivo sobre los parámetros que aparecen en el modelo. Estos parámetros tienen unas restricciones naturales que no se procesan adecuadamente con un análisis estadístico frecuentista mientras que un análisis estadístico bayesiano permite no sólo procesarlas adecuadamente como ya se probó en Cano y Salmerón (2007) sino que además permite comparar las curvas de degradación de varios alimentos. Se presenta una aplicación con datos reales. La metodología estadística utilizada para resolver este modelo es adaptable a la resolución de otros modelos similares en los que aparecen parámetros sometidos a ciertas restricciones.
Published: 2007

26. Investigation of Dietary Factors and Endometrial Cancer Risk Using a Nutrient-wide Association Study Approach in the EPIC and Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII

Author: Merritt, Melissa A., primary, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, additional, Tworoger, Shelley S., additional, De Vivo, Immaculata, additional, Hankinson, Susan E., additional, Fernandes, Judy, additional, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., additional, Weiderpass, Elisabete, additional, Tjønneland, Anne, additional, Petersen, Kristina E.N., additional, Dahm, Christina C., additional, Overvad, Kim, additional, Dossus, Laure, additional, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, additional, Fagherazzi, Guy, additional, Fortner, Renée T., additional, Kaaks, Rudolf, additional, Aleksandrova, Krasimira, additional, Boeing, Heiner, additional, Trichopoulou, Antonia, additional, Bamia, Christina, additional, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, additional, Palli, Domenico, additional, Grioni, Sara, additional, Tumino, Rosario, additional, Sacerdote, Carlotta, additional, Mattiello, Amalia, additional, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B(as)., additional, Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, additional, Peeters, Petra H., additional, Gram, Inger T., additional, Skeie, Guri, additional, Quirós, J. Ramón, additional, Duell, Eric J., additional, Sánchez, María-José, additional, Salmerón, D., additional, Barricarte, Aurelio, additional, Chamosa, Saioa, additional, Ericson, Ulrica, additional, Sonestedt, Emily, additional, Nilsson, Lena Maria, additional, Idahl, Annika, additional, Khaw, Kay-Tee, additional, Wareham, Nicholas, additional, Travis, Ruth C., additional, Rinaldi, Sabina, additional, Romieu, Isabelle, additional, Patel, Chirag J., additional, Riboli, Elio, additional, and Gunter, Marc J., additional
Published: 2015
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27. Sustainable Urban Development in Gaborone, Botswana: Synthesis Report, Draft Final

Author: Keiner, M., Salmerón, D., Bührer, C., Dijkstra, P., Gravenkamp, M., Oberli, T., Thalmann, B., and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Institut für Raum- und Landschaftsentwicklung
Subjects: STÄDTEBAULICHE ENTWICKLUNG (STÄDTEBAU), NACHHALTIGKEIT (UMWELTSCHUTZ), SUSTAINABILITY (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION), Civic & landscape art, GABORONE (BOTSWANA), ÖKOLOGISCHE RAUMORDNUNG (RAUMPLANUNG), ddc:710, URBAN DEVELOPMENT (URBAN PLANNING), ECOLOGICAL PLANNING (PHYSICAL PLANNING), GABORONE (BOTSUANA)
Published: 2003
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28. Epidemiology and genetics of common mental disorders in the general population: the PEGASUS-Murcia project

Author: Navarro-Mateu, Fernando, primary, Tormo, MJ, additional, Vilagut, G, additional, Alonso, J, additional, Ruíz-Merino, G, additional, Escámez, T, additional, Salmerón, D, additional, Júdez, J, additional, Martínez, S, additional, and Navarro, C, additional
Published: 2013
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29. Bayesian model selection approach to the one way analysis of variance under homoscedasticity

Author: Cano, J. A., primary, Carazo, C., additional, and Salmerón, D., additional
Published: 2012
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30. Objective Bayesian vs. least squares estimation for by-products degradability with different rumen fluids

Author: Martínez-Teruel, A., primary, Megías, M D, additional, Hernández, F., additional, Madrid, J., additional, Salmerón, D., additional, and Cano, J A, additional
Published: 2009
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31. [Accepted Manuscript] Worldwide comparison of ovarian cancer survival: Histological group and stage at diagnosis (CONCORD-2)

Author: Matz, M., Coleman, M.P., Carreira, H., Salmerón, D., Chirlaque, M.D., Allemani, C., and CONCORD Working Group, .
Abstract: Ovarian cancer comprises several histological groups with widely differing levels of survival. We aimed to explore international variation in survival for each group to help interpret international differences in survival from all ovarian cancers combined. We also examined differences in stage-specific survival. The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival, including data from 60 countries for 695,932 women (aged 15-99years) diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 1995-2009. We defined six histological groups: type I epithelial, type II epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal, other specific non-epithelial and non-specific morphology, and estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival for each country by histological group. We also analysed data from 67 cancer registries for 233,659 women diagnosed from 2001 to 2009, for whom information on stage at diagnosis was available. We estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival by stage at diagnosis (localised or advanced). Survival from type I epithelial ovarian tumours for women diagnosed during 2005-09 ranged from 40 to 70%. Survival from type II epithelial tumours was much lower (20-45%). Survival from germ cell tumours was higher than that of type II epithelial tumours, but also varied widely between countries. Survival for sex-cord stromal tumours was higher than for the five other groups. Survival from localised tumours was much higher than for advanced disease (80% vs. 30%). There is wide variation in survival between histological groups, and stage at diagnosis remains an important factor in ovarian cancer survival. International comparisons of ovarian cancer survival should incorporate histology.

32. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas of 33 Spanish cities

Author: Andreu Nolasco, Felicitas Domínguez-Berjón, Ana Gandarillas, Maica Rodríguez-Sanz, Montse Calvo, Mercè Gotsens, Mónica Ballesta, Lluís Cirera, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Diego Salmerón, Carmen Martos, Antonio Daponte, Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo, Laia Palència, Natividad Izco Goñi, Margarita Taracido, Carme Borrell, Miguel A. Martinez-Beneito, [Marí-Dell’Olmo,M, Gotsens,M, Palència,L, Rodríguez-Sanz,M, Martinez-Beneito,MA, Ballesta,M, Cirera,L, Daponte,A, Salmerón,D, Taracido,M, Borrell,C] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. [Marí-Dell’Olmo,M, Borrell,C] Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Marí-Dell’Olmo,M, Borrell,C] Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain. [Marí-Dell’Olmo,M] Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. [Martinez-Beneito,MA] Fundación para el fomento de la investigación sanitaria y biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain. [Ballesta,M, Salmerón,D] Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. [Calvo,M] Estudios e investigación Sanitaria, Departamento de Sanidad y Consumo, Gobierno Vasco, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. [Daponte,A] Observatorio de Salud y Medio Ambiente de Andalucía (OSMAN), Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain. [Domínguez-Berjón,F, Gandarillas,A] Subdirección de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain. [Izco Goñi,N] Registro de Mortalidad, Consejería de Salud y Servicios Sociales, La Rioja, Spain. [Martos,C] Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain. [Moreno-Iribas,C] Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Departamento de Salud, Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. [Nolasco,A] Unidad de Investigación en Análisis de la Mortalidad y Estadísticas Sanitarias, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. [Taracido,M] Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. [Borrell,C] Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain., This article was partially funded by Plan Nacional de I + D + I 2008–2011 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) –Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación- (Award numbers: PI081488, PI081978, PI080367, PI08/1017, PI080330, P08/0142, PI081785, PI080662, PI081713, PI081058, PI081340, PI080803, PI126/08), Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria FUNCIS 84/07 and by CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)., Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, and Grupo Balmis de Investigación en Salud Comunitaria e Historia de la Ciencia
Subjects: Male, España, Poison control, Inequalities in mortality, Ciudades, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Medicine, Socioeconomic inequalities, 030212 general & internal medicine, Censos, Urban areas, Child, Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings], Aged, 80 and over, Geografía, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Mortality rate, Multilevel model, Factores socioeconómicos, Censuses, Middle Aged, Random effects model, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cross-Sectional Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Child, Preschool, Disease mapping, Enfermería, Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Sociology::Socioeconomic Factors [Medical Subject Headings], Female, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Adult, Bayesian methods, Adolescent, Multilevel analysis, Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Demography::Censuses [Medical Subject Headings], Geographical inequalities, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Environmental health, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Bayes Theorem [Medical Subject Headings], Humans, Mortality, Cities, Phenomena and Processes::Biological Phenomena::Ecological and Environmental Phenomena::Environment::Cities [Medical Subject Headings], Socioeconomic status, Aged, Demography, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Newborn, Urban Health, Ecological study, Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk [Medical Subject Headings], Infant, lcsh:RA1-1270, Bayes Theorem, Fixed effects model, Health Status Disparities, Small areas, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Earth Sciences::Geography [Medical Subject Headings], Spain, Biostatistics, Trends, business
Abstract: Background: In Spain, several ecological studies have analyzed trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from all causes in urban areas over time. However, the results of these studies are quite heterogeneous finding, in general, that inequalities decreased, or remained stable. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (1) to identify trends in geographical inequalities in all-cause mortality in the census tracts of 33 Spanish cities between the two periods 1996–1998 and 2005–2007; (2) to analyse trends in the relationship between these geographical inequalities and socioeconomic deprivation; and (3) to obtain an overall measure which summarises the relationship found in each one of the cities and to analyse its variation over time. Methods: Ecological study of trends with 2 cross-sectional cuts, corresponding to two periods of analysis: 1996– 1998 and 2005–2007. Units of analysis were census tracts of the 33 Spanish cities. A deprivation index calculated for each census tracts in all cities was included as a covariate. A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate smoothed Standardized Mortality Ratios (sSMR) by each census tract and period. The geographical distribution of these sSMR was represented using maps of septiles. In addition, two different Bayesian hierarchical models were used to measure the association between all-cause mortality and the deprivation index in each city and period, and by sex: (1) including the association as a fixed effect for each city; (2) including the association as random effects. In both models the data spatial structure can be controlled within each city. The association in each city was measured using relative risks (RR) and their 95 % credible intervals (95 % CI). Results: For most cities and in both sexes, mortality rates decline over time. For women, the mortality and deprivation patterns are similar in the first period, while in the second they are different for most cities. For men, RRs remain stable over time in 29 cities, in 3 diminish and in 1 increase. For women, in 30 cities, a non-significant change over time in RR is observed. However, in 4 cities RR diminishes. In overall terms, inequalities decrease (with a probability of 0.9) in both men (RR = 1.13, 95 % CI = 1.12–1.15 in the 1st period; RR = 1.11, 95 % CI = 1.09–1.13 in the 2nd period) and women (RR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 1.05–1.08 in the 1st period; RR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02–1.06 in the 2nd period). Conclusions: In the future, it is important to conduct further trend studies, allowing to monitoring trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and to identify (among other things) temporal factors that may influence these inequalities This article was partially funded by Plan Nacional de I + D + I 2008–2011 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) –Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación- (Award numbers: PI081488, PI081978, PI080367, PI08/1017, PI080330, P08/0142, PI081785, PI080662, PI081713, PI081058, PI081340, PI080803, PI126/08), Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria FUNCIS 84/07 and by CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) SI
Published: 2016

33. National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio : a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries

Author: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), [missing], Taddei, Cristina, Jackson, Rod, Zhou, Bin, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Bentham, James, Bennett, James E, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Cifkova, Renata, Dallongeville, Jean, DeBacquer, Dirk, Giampaoli, Simona, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Khang, Young-Ho, Laatikainen, Tiina, Mann, JimI, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Mensah, George A, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Petkeviciene, Janina, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Servais, Jennifer, Söderberg, Stefan, Stavreski, Bill, Wilsgaard, Tom, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zhao, Dong, Stevens, Gretchen A, Savin, Stefan, Cowan, Melanie J, Riley, Leanne M, Ezzati, Majid, Adams, Robert J, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Ariansen, Inger, Arveiler, Dominique, Aspelund, Thor, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicová, Mária, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Bata, Iqbal, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bi, Yufang, Bienek, Asako, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bo, Simona, Boehm, Bernhard O, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Borghs, Herman, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Bruno, Graziella, Busch, Markus A, Cabrera de León, Antonio, Capuano, Vincenzo, Casanueva, Felipe F, Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A, Censi, Laura, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Shuohua, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Chudek, Jerzy, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cooper, Cyrus, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Crujeiras, Ana B, Cui, Liufu, D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dauchet, Luc, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, De Smedt, Delphine, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valérie, DiCastelnuovo, Augusto, Dobson, Annette J, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Döring, Angela, Drygas, Wojciech, Du, Yong, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, Elosua, Roberto, Eriksson, Johan G, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Frontera, Guillermo, Fujita, Yuki, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goltzman, David, GonzalezGross, Marcela, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Grabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guallar-Castillón, Pilar, Gudmundsson, Elias F, Guessous, Idris, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hardy, Rebecca, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, Hayes, Alison J, He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Herrala, Sauli, TapaniHihtaniemi, Ilpo, Hobbs, Michael, Hopman, Wilma M, MaríaHuerta, José, Huybrechts, Inge, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G, Ikeda, Nayu, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, QiangJiang, Chao, Joffres, Michel, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Kajantie, Eero O, Kauhanen, Jussi, Keil, Ulrich, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kersting, Mathilde, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Ko, Stephanie, Kolle, Elin, Korpelainen, Raija, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Krokstad, Steinar, Kujala, Urho M, Kurjata, Pawel, HingLam, Tai, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Laugsand, Lars E, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Liu, Jing, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lorbeer, Roberto, EugenioLozano, José, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Manzato, Enzo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Metcalf, Patricia, Mi, Jie, Miller, Jody C, Moreno, Luis A, Morin, Suzanne, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Muiesan, Maria L, Mursu, Jaakko, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nauck, Matthias, MariaNavarrete-Muñoz, Eva, Neal, William A, Nenko, Ilona, Niiranen, Teemu J, Ning, Guang, Noale, Marianna, Norie, Sawada, Noto, Davide, O'Neill, Terence, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oh, Kyungwon, Olafsson, Örn, MichelPaccaud, Fred, Pajak, Andrzej, Palmieri, Luigi, Panza, Francesco, Parnell, Winsome R, Peltonen, Markku, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Pigeot, Iris, Pilotto, Lorenza, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Porta, Miquel, Price, Jacqueline F, Puder, Jardena J, Puhakka, Soile E, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Raitakari, Olli, Ramos, Rafel, Redon, Josep, Rigo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, MaríadelCristo, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G R, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Rutkowski, Marcin, Salanave, Benoit, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sans, Susana, Saramies, Jouko L, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Scheidt-Nave, Christa, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schöttker, Ben, Sebert, Sylvain, Sen, Abhijit, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shibuya, Kenji, WookShin, Dong, Shiri, Rahman, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Sundström, Johan, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, JooTan, Eng, Taylor, Anne, Tell, Grethe, Thijs, Lutgarde, Tolonen, HannaK, Topór-Madry, Roman, JoséTormo, María, Torrent, Maties, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tzourio, Christophe, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Van Herck, Koen, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Veronesi, Giovanni, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, JyrkiK, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Wagner, Aline, Wagner, Anne, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, XingWang, Ya, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wei, Wenbin, Whincup, Peter H, Wiecek, Andrzej, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Andrew, Woodward, Mark, GiwercmanWu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Zambon, Sabina, Zhao, Wenhua, Imperial College London, University of Auckland [Auckland], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Middlesex University, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], University of Kent [Canterbury], Mahidol University [Bangkok], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Icelandic Heart Association [Kopavogur, Iceland] (IHA), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Umeå University, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Medical University of Gdańsk, Capital University of Medical Sciences [Beijing] (CUMS), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Adelaide, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Norwegian School of Sport Sciences = Norges idrettshøgskole [Oslo] (NIH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], University of Oulu, Regional Authority of Public Health [Slovaquia] (RAPH), Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic [Slovaquia], Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Dalhousie University [Halifax], The University of Sydney, Public Health Agency of Canada, University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Turin, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S.), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]-Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Faculté de Médecine [Rangueil], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Silesia in Katowice, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Southampton, Biomolécules et inflammation pulmonaire, Service d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], University of Queensland [Brisbane], IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Manchester [Manchester], Kindai University, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Bergen (UiB), Tulane University, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Oulu University Hospital [Oulu], The University of Western Australia (UWA), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Niigata University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), University of Eastern Finland, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Universitätsklinikum Ulm - University Hospital of Ulm, University of Jyväskylä (JYU), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere [Finland], West Virginia University [Morgantown], University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Peking University [Shenzhen], The Jikei University School of Medicine, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AUSTRALIA), Universita degli Studi di Padova, University of Edinburgh, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology [Warsaw] (IIMCB), Università degli Studi di Brescia [Brescia], Konan University [Kobe, Japan], University of Turku, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Epidemiology, Health Economics and Public Health, UMR 558 INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Unité de Surveillance et d'Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (USEN), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain, parent, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute for plasma research, Institute for Plasma Research, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Applied Food Science, Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology [Louvain, Belgique], Studies Coordinating Centre [Louvain, Belgique], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), National Cancer Center, University of Kuopio, Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et métabolique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Tampere University, Department of Andrology and Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Miguel Hernández [Elche] (UMH), Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Internal Medicine, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Epidemiologia Ambiental, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)-Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) of Pamplona-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA 3430, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Medical University of Silesia (SUM), University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Hygiene Warsaw, The Georges Institute for International Health, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Grant numbers 101506/Z/13/Z and Research Training Fellowship 203616/Z/16/Z, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (grant number 15-27109A), UAM. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología, HUS Children and Adolescents, Department of Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Taddei, C, Zhou, B, Bixby, H, Danaei, G, Di Cesare, M, Kuulasmaa, K, Hajifathalian, K, Bentham, J, Bennett, JE, Aekplakorn, W, Cifkova, R, Dallongeville, J, DeBacquer, D, Giampaoli, S, Gudnason, V, Khang, Y-O, Laatikainen, T, Mann, JI, Marques-Vidal, P, Mensah, GA, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Ninomiya, T, Petkeviciene, J, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, Servais, J, Söderberg, S, Stavreski, B, Wilsgaard, T, Zdrojewski, T, Zhao, D, Stevens, GA, Savin, S, Cowan, Mj, Riley, LM, Ezzati, M, Adams, R, Ahrens, W, Amouyel, P, Amuzu, A, Anderssen, SA, Ariansen, I, Arveiler, D, Aspelund, T, Auvinen, A, Avdicová, M, Banach, M, Bandosz, P, Banegas. JR, Barbagallo, CM, Bata, I, Baur, LA, Beaglehole, R, Bennet, JE, Bernotiene, G, Bi, Y, Bienek, A, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Boehm, BO, Bonaccio, M, Bongard, V, Borchini, R, Borghs, H, Breckenkamp, J, Brenner, H, Bruno, G, Busch, MA, CabreradeLeón, A, Capuano, V, Casanueva, FF, Casas, J-P, Caserta, CA, Censi, L, Chen, F, Chen, S, Chirlaque, M-D, Cho, B, Cho, Y, Chudek, J, Claessens, F, Clarke, J, Clays, E, Cooper, C, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell C, Crujeiras, AB, Cui, L, D'Arrigo, G, Dauchet, L, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, De Smedt, D, Dennison, E, Desschamps, V, Di Castelnuovo, A, Dobson, AJ, Donfrancesco, C, Döring, A, Doua, K, Drygas, W, Du, Y, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E, Eggertsen, R, Ekelund, U, Elousa, R, Eriksson, JG, Evans, A, Faeh, D, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrari, M, Ferrieres, J, Finn, JD, Forslund, A-S, Forsner, M, Frontera, G, Fujita, Y, Gaciong, Z, Galvano, F, Gao, J, Garcia-de-la-Hera, M, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasul, L, Gates, L, Gianfagna, F, Gill, TK, Giovannelli, J, Goltzman, D, GonzalezGross, M, Gottrand, F, Graff-Iversen, S, Grafnetter, D, Gregor, RD, Grodzicki, T, Grosso, G, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guallar-Castillón, P, Gudmundsson, EF, Guessous, I, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gutzwiller, F, Hardy, R, Hata, J, Haugsgjerd, T, Hayes, AJ, He, H, He, Y, Herrala, S, Hihtaniemi, IP, Hobbs, M, Hopman, WM, Huerta, JM, Huybrechts, I, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ikeda, N, Iwasaki, M, Jackson, R, Jamrozi, K, Janszky, I, Jarvelin, M-R, Jasienska, G, Jennings, G, Jeong, S-L, Jiang, CQ, Joffres, M, Jokelainen, JJ, Jonas, JB, Jóźwiak, J, Kajantie, EO, Kauhanen, K, Keil, U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kersting, M, Khang, Y-H, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U, Kiechl, S, Kim, J, Kim, Y-Y, Klumbiene, J, Knoflach, M, Ko, S, Kolle, E, Korpelainen, R, Koskinen, S, Kouda, K, Kratzer, W, Kriemler, S, Krokstad, S, Kujala,UM, Kurjata, P, Lam, TH, Lanska, V, Lappas , G, Laugsand, LE, Lee, J, Lehtimäki, T, Li, Y, Lilly, C, Lin, X, Lind, L, Lissner, L, Liu, J, Lopez-Garcia, E, Lorbeer, R, Lozano, JE, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lundqvist, R, Lytsy, P, Ma, G, Machi, S, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Manzato, E, Mathiesen, EB, McLachlan, S, McLean, RM, Meirhaeghe, A, Metcalf, P, Mi, JM, Miller, JC, Moreno, LA, Morin, S, Mossakowska, M, Muiesan, ML, Mursu, J, Nakamura, H, Námešná, J, Navarrete-Muñoz, EM, Neal, WA, Nenko, I, Niiranen, T, Ning, G, Noale, M, Norie, S, Noto, Davide, O’Neill, T, O'Reilly, D, Oh, K, Olafsson, O, Paccaud, F, Pajak, A, Palmieri, L, Panza, F, Parnell, WR, Peltonen, M, Peters, A, Petersmann, A, P Pigeot, I, Pilotto, L, Piwonska, A, Pedro Plans-Rubió, P, Porta, M, Price, JF, Puder, JJ, Puhakka, SE, Radisauskas, R, Raitakari, O, Ramos, R, Redon, J, Rigo, F, Rodriguez-Perez, MdC, Romaguera, D, Ronkainen, K, Rosengren, A, Roy, JGR, Ruidavets, JB, Rutkowski, M, Salanave, B, Salmeron, D, Salomaa, V, Salonen, JT, Salvetti, M, Sans, S, Saramies, JL, Saum, K-U, Scheidt-Nave, C, Schienkiewitz, A, Schipf, S, Schmidt, CO, Schottker, B, Sebert S, Sen, A, Shaw, JE, Shibuya, K, Shin, DO, Shiri, R, Simons, J, Simons, LA, Sjostrom, M, Slowikowska-Hilczer, J, Slusarczyk, P, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soumare, A, Staessen, JA, Stathopoulou, MG, Steene-Johannessen, J, Stehle, P, Stieber, J, Stöckl, D, Stokwiszewski, J, Sundström, J, Suriyawongpaisal, P, Tamosiunas, A, Tan, E, Taylor, A, Tell, G, Thijs, L, Tolonen, HK, Topór-Madry, R, Tormo, MJ, Torrent, M, Tsugane, S, Tuomainen, T-P, Tuomilehto, J, Tzourio, C, Uusitalo, HMT, Van Herck, K, Vanderschueren, D, Vanuzzo, D, Vatten, L, Vega, T, Veronesi, G, Vioque, P, Virtanen, JK, Visvikis-Siest, S, Vollenweider, P, Voutilainen, S, Vrijheid, M, Wagner, A, Wang, M-D, Wang, Q, Wang YX, Wannamethee, SG, Wei, W, Whincup, PH, Wiecek, A, Willeit, J, Willeit, P, Wojtyniak, B, Wong, A, Woodward, M, Wu, FC, JianFeng Wu, JF, Wu, SL, Xu, H, Xu, L, Yan, W, Yang, X, Ye, X, Yoshihara, A, Zambon, S, Zhao, W, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Jackson, R., Zhou, B., Bixby, H., Danaei, G., Di Cesare, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Bennett, J.E., Aekplakorn, W., Cifkova, R., Dallongeville, J., DeBacquer, D., Giampaoli, S., Gudnason, V., Khang, Y.H., Laatikainen, T., Mann, J., Marques-Vidal, P., Mensah, G.A., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Ninomiya, T., Petkeviciene, J., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Servais, J., Söderberg, S., Stavreski, B., Wilsgaard, T., Zdrojewski, T., Zhao, D., Stevens, G.A., Savin, S., Cowan, M.J., Riley, L.M., Ezzati, M., Adams, R.J., Ahrens, W., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Anderssen, S.A., Ariansen, I., Arveiler, D., Aspelund, T., Auvinen, J., Avdicová, M., Banach, M., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Bata, I., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., Bernotiene, G., Bi, Y., Bienek, A., Björkelund, C., Bo, S., Boehm, B.O., Bonaccio, M., Bongard, V., Borchini, R., Borghs, H., Breckenkamp, J., Brenner, H., Bruno, G., Busch, M.A., Cabrera de León, A., Capuano, V., Casanueva, F.F., Casas, J.P., Caserta, C.A., Censi, L., Chen, F., Chen, S., Chirlaque, M.D., Cho, B., Cho, Y., Chudek, J., Claessens, F., Clarke, J., Clays, E., Cooper, C., Costanzo, S., Cottel, D., Cowell, C., Crujeiras, A.B., Cui, L., D'Arrigo, G., Dauchet, L., De Backer, G., De Bacquer, D., de Gaetano, G., De Henauw, S., De Smedt, D., Dennison, E., Deschamps, V., DiCastelnuovo, A., Dobson, A.J., Donfrancesco, C., Döring, A., Drygas, W., Du, Y., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E., Eggertsen, R., Ekelund, U., Elosua, R., Eriksson, J.G., Evans, A., Faeh, D., Felix-Redondo, F.J., Fernández-Bergés, D., Ferrari, M., Ferrieres, J., Finn, J.D., Forslund, A.S., Forsner, M., Frontera, G., Fujita, Y., Gaciong, Z., Galvano, F., Gao, J., Garcia-de-la-Hera, M., Garnett, S.P., Gaspoz, J.M., Gasull, M., Gates, L., Gianfagna, F., Gill, T.K., Giovannelli, J., Goltzman, D., GonzalezGross, M., Gottrand, F., Graff-Iversen, S., Grafnetter, D., Gregor, R.D., Grodzicki, T., Grosso, G., Gruden, G., Gu, D., Guallar-Castillón, P., Gudmundsson, E.F., Guessous, I., Gunnlaugsdottir, J., Gutzwiller, F., Hardy, R., Hata, J., Haugsgjerd, T., Hayes, A.J., He, J., He, Y., Herrala, S., TapaniHihtaniemi, I., Hobbs, M., Hopman, W.M., MaríaHuerta, J., Huybrechts, I., Iacoviello, L., Iannone, A.G., Ikeda, N., Iwasaki, M., Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I., Jarvelin, M.R., Jasienska, G., Jennings, G., Jeong, S.L., QiangJiang, C., Joffres, M., Jokelainen, J.J., Jonas, J.B., Jóźwiak, J., Kajantie, E.O., Kauhanen, J., Keil, U., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Kersting, M., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U., Kiechl, S., Kim, J., Kim, Y.Y., Klumbiene, J., Knoflach, M., Ko, S., Kolle, E., Korpelainen, R., Koskinen, S., Kouda, K., Kratzer, W., Kriemler, S., Krokstad, S., Kujala, U.M., Kurjata, P., HingLam, T., Lanska, V., Lappas, G., Laugsand, L.E., Lee, J., Lehtimäki, T., Li, Y., Lilly, C.L., Lin, X., Lind, L., Lissner, L., Liu, J., Lopez-Garcia, E., Lorbeer, R., EugenioLozano, J., Luksiene, D., Lundqvist, A., Lundqvist, R., Lytsy, P., Ma, G., Machi, S., Maggi, S., Magliano, D.J., Manzato, E., Mathiesen, 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Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Kyushu University, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia (UniBs), Service Epidémiologie clinique et santé publique [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, University of Helsinki, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, and University of Helsinki, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
Subjects: Male, gupo de ascendencia continental asiática, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Total Cholesterol, Ldl Cholesterol, Hdl Cholesterol, Blood Lipids, Multi-country Study, Epidemiology, kolesteroli, humanos, Blood lipids, BLOOD-PRESSURE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, triglicéridos, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, High-density lipoprotein, HDL cholesterol, Medicine and Health Sciences, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, mediana edad, lípidos, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, 2. Zero hunger, anciano, education.field_of_study, Age Factors, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, colesterol, adulto, kansainvälinen vertailu, Lipids, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Europe, Cholesterol, Population Surveillance, LDL cholesterol, SERUM-LIPIDS, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Canada, Total cholesterol, blood lipids, multi-country study, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Medicina, European Continental Ancestry Group, Population, Nursing, HDL-kolesteroli, White People, DIETARY-FAT, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Asian People, kansanterveys, vigilancia de la población, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, ddc:610, LDL-kolesteroli, education, Triglycerides, METAANALYSIS, Aged, INDIVIDUAL DATA, Science & Technology, business.industry, Omvårdnad, blood lipid, Cholesterol, HDL, Ecological study, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, United States, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Cholesterol/blood, Lipids/blood, Population Surveillance/methods, Triglycerides/blood, chemistry, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Multi-country study, grupo de ascendencia continental europea, business, HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Demography, Lipoprotein
Abstract: Artículo con numerosos autores. Sólo quedan reflejados el primero, los pertenecientes a la UAM y el colectivo, Background: Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. Methods: We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Results: Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. Conclusions: HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol., This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant numbers 101506/Z/13/Z and Research Training Fellowship 203616/Z/16/Z). R.C. acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (grant number 15-27109A)
Published: 2020
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34. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Author: Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Zhou, Bin, Sophiea, Marisa K, Bentham, James, Paciorek, Christopher J, Iurilli, Maria LC, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Bennett, James E, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Taddei, Cristina, Bixby, Honor, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Danaei, Goodarz, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Malekzadeh, Reza, Miranda, J Jaime, Moon, Jin Soo, Popovic, Stevo R, Sorensen, Thorkild IA, Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Gregg, Edward W, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Black, Robert, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, 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De Ridder K, de Rooij SR, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, DeGennaro V, Jr, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Deren K, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HT, Dobson AJ, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duda RB, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Enguerran M, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Farzadfar F, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García-Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz J-M, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea O-F, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gómez SF, Gomula A, Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando M-E, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøholt EK, 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Banach M., Bandosz P., Banegas J.R., Baran J., Barbagallo C.M., Barcelo A., Barkat A., Barros A.J., Barros M.V.G., Basit A., Bastos J.L.D., Bata I., Batieha A.M., Batista R.L., Battakova Z., Batyrbek A., Baur L.A., Beaglehole R., Bel-Serrat S., Belavendra A., Ben Romdhane H., Benedics J., Benet M., Berkinbayev S., Bernabe-Ortiz A., Bernotiene G., Bettiol H., Bezerra J., Bhagyalaxmi A., Bharadwaj S., Bhargava S.K., Bi H., Bi Y., Bia D., Bika Lele E.C., Bikbov M.M., Bista B., Bjelica D.J., Bjerregaard P., Bjertness E., Bjertness M.B., Bjorkelund C., Bloch K.V., Blokstra A., Bo S., Bobak M., Boddy L.M., Boehm B.O., Boeing H., Boggia J.G., Bogova E., Boissonnet C.P., Bojesen S.E., Bonaccio M., Bongard V., Bonilla-Vargas A., Bopp M., Borghs H., Bovet P., Braeckevelt L., Braeckman L., Bragt M.C., Brajkovich I., Branca F., Breckenkamp J., Breda J., Brenner H., Brewster L.M., Brian G.R., Brinduse L., Brophy S., Bruno G., Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B., Bugge A., Buoncristiano M., Burazeri G., Burns C., Cabrera de Leon A., Cacciottolo J., Cai H., Cama T., Cameron C., Camolas J., Can G., Candido A.P.C., Canete F., Capanzana M.V., Capkova N., Capuano E., Capuano V., Cardol M., Cardoso V.C., Carlsson A.C., Carmuega E., Carvalho J., Casajus J.A., Casanueva F.F., Celikcan E., Censi L., Cervantes-Loaiza M., Cesar J.A., Chamukuttan S., Chan A.W., Chan Q., Chaturvedi H.K., Chaturvedi N., Che Abdul Rahim N., Chen C.-J., Chen F., Chen H., Chen S., Chen Z., Cheng C.-Y., Cheraghian B., Chetrit A., Chikova-Iscener E., Chiolero A., Chiou S.-T., Chirlaque M.-D., Cho B., Christensen K., Christofaro D.G., Chudek J., Cifkova R., Cilia M., Cinteza E., Claessens F., Clarke J., Clays E., Cohen E., Concin H., Confortin S.C., Cooper C., Coppinger T.C., Corpeleijn E., Costanzo S., Cottel D., Cowell C., Craig C.L., Crampin A.C., Crujeiras A.B., Csilla S., Cucu A.M., Cui L., Cureau F.V., D'Arrigo G., d'Orsi E., Dacica L., Dal Re Saavedra M.A., Dallongeville J., Damasceno A., Damsgaard C.T., Dankner R., Dantoft T.M., Dasgupta P., Dastgiri S., Dauchet L., Davletov K., De Backer G., De Bacquer D., de Gaetano G., De Henauw S., de Oliveira P.D., De Ridder D., De Ridder K., de Rooij S.R., De Smedt D., Deepa M., Deev A.D., DeGennaro V., Dehghan A., Delisle H., Delpeuch F., Demarest S., Dennison E., Deren K., Deschamps V., Dhana K., Dhimal M., Di Castelnuovo A.F., Dias-da-Costa J.S., Diaz-Sanchez M.E., Diaz A., Dika Z., Djalalinia S., Djordjic V., Do H.T., Dobson A.J., Donati M.B., Donfrancesco C., Donoso S.P., Doring A., Dorobantu M., Dorosty A.R., Doua K., Drygas W., Duan J.L., Duante C.A., Duboz P., Duda R.B., Duleva V., Dulskiene V., Dumith S.C., Dushpanova A., Dzerve V., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Eddie R., Eftekhar E., Egbagbe E.E., Eggertsen R., Eghtesad S., Eiben G., Ekelund U., El-Khateeb M., El Ati J., Eldemire-Shearer D., Eliasen M., Elliott P., Engle-Stone R., Enguerran M., Erasmus R.T., Erbel R., Erem C., Eriksen L., Eriksson J.G., Escobedo-de la Pena J., Eslami S., Esmaeili A., Evans A., Faeh D., Fakhretdinova A.A., Fall C.H., Faramarzi E., Farjam M., Farrugia Sant'Angelo V., Farzadfar F., Fattahi M.R., Fawwad A., Felix-Redondo F.J., Ferguson T.S., Fernandes R.A., Fernandez-Berges D., Ferrante D., Ferrao T., Ferrari M., Ferrario M.M., Ferreccio C., Ferrer E., Ferrieres J., Figueiro T.H., Fijalkowska A., Fink G., Fischer K., Foger B., Foo L.H., Forsner M., Fouad H.M., Francis D.K., Franco M.D.C., Franco O.H., Frikke-Schmidt R., Frontera G., Fuchs F.D., Fuchs S.C., Fujiati I.I., Fujita Y., Fumihiko M., Furusawa T., Gaciong Z., Gafencu M., Galbarczyk A., Galenkamp H., Galeone D., Galfo M., Galvano F., Gao J., Garcia-de-la-Hera M., Garcia-Solano M., Gareta D., Garnett S.P., Gaspoz J.-M., Gasull M., Gaya A.C.A., Gaya A.R., Gazzinelli A., Gehring U., Geiger H., Geleijnse J.M., Ghanbari A., Ghasemi E., Gheorghe-Fronea O.-F., Giampaoli S., Gianfagna F., Gill T.K., Giovannelli J., Gironella G., Giwercman A., Gkiouras K., Godos J., Gogen S., Goldsmith R.A., 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Henrique R.D.S., Henriques A., Hernandez Cadena L., Herrala S., Herrera V.M., Herter-Aeberli I., Heshmat R., Hill A.G., Ho S.Y., Ho S.C., Hobbs M., Hofman A., Holden Bergh I., Holdsworth M., Homayounfar R., Homs C., Hopman W.M., Horimoto A.R., Hormiga C.M., Horta B.L., Houti L., Howitt C., Htay T.T., Htet A.S., Htike M.M.T., Hu Y., Huerta J.M., Huhtaniemi I.T., Huidumac Petrescu C., Husseini A., Huu C.N., Huybrechts I., Hwalla N., Hyska J., Iacoviello L., Ibarluzea J.M., Ibrahim M.M., Ibrahim Wong N., Ikeda N., Ikram M.A., Iotova V., Irazola V.E., Ishida T., Islam M., Islam S.M.S., Iwasaki M., Jackson R.T., Jacobs J.M., Jaddou H.Y., Jafar T., James K., Jamil K.M., Jamrozik K., Janszky I., Janus E., Jarani J., Jarvelin M.-R., Jasienska G., Jelakovic A., Jelakovic B., Jennings G., Jha A.K., Jiang C.Q., Jimenez R.O., Jockel K.-H., Joffres M., Johansson M., Jokelainen J.J., Jonas J.B., Jorgensen T., Joshi P., Joukar F., Jovic D.P., Jozwiak J.J., Juolevi A., Jurak G., Jurca Simina I., Juresa V., Kaaks R., Kaducu F.O., Kafatos A., Kajantie E.O., Kalmatayeva Z., Kalter-Leibovici O., Kameli Y., Kanala K.R., Kannan S., Kapantais E., Karki K.B., Katibeh M., Katz J., Katzmarzyk P.T., Kauhanen J., Kaur P., Kavousi M., Kazakbaeva G.M., Keil U., Keinan Boker L., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S., Kelishadi R., Kelleher C., Kemper H.C., Keramati M., Kerimkulova A., Kersting M., Key T., Khader Y.S., Khalili D., Khaw K.-T., Kheiri B., Kheradmand M., Khosravi A., Khouw I.M., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U., Kiechl S., Killewo J., Kim D.W., Kim H.C., Kim J., Kindblom J.M., Klakk H., Klimek M., Klimont J., Klumbiene J., Knoflach M., Koirala B., Kolle E., Kolsteren P., Konig J., Korpelainen R., Korrovits P., Korzycka M., Kos J., Koskinen S., Kouda K., Kovacs V.A., Kowlessur S., Koziel S., Kratzer W., Kriemler S., Kristensen P.L., Krokstad S., Kromhout D., Krtalic B., Kruger H.S., Kubinova R., Kuciene R., Kujala U.M., Kujundzic E., Kulaga Z., Kumar R.K., Kunesova M., Kurjata P., Kusuma Y.S., Kuulasmaa K., Kyobutungi C., La Q.N., Laamiri F.Z., Laatikainen T., Lachat C., Laid Y., Lam T.H., Lambrinou C.-P., Landais E., Lanska V., Lappas G., Larijani B., Latt T.S., Lauria L., Lazo-Porras M., Le Nguyen Bao K., Le Port A., Le T.D., Lee J., Lee P.H., Lehmann N., Lehtimaki T., Lemogoum D., Levitt N.S., Li Y., Liivak M., Lilly C.L., Lim W.-Y., Lima-Costa M.F., Lin H.-H., Lin X., Lin Y.-T., Lind L., Linneberg A., Lissner L., Litwin M., Liu J., Liu L., Lo W.-C., Loit H.-M., Long K.Q., Lopes L., Lopes O., Lopez-Garcia E., Lopez T., Lotufo P.A., Lozano J.E., Lukrafka J.L., Luksiene D., Lundqvist A., Lundqvist R., Lunet N., Lunogelo C., Lustigova M., Luszczki E., Ma G., Ma J., Ma X., Machado-Coelho G.L., Machado-Rodrigues A.M., Machi S., Macieira L.M., Madar A.A., Maggi S., Magliano D.J., Magnacca S., Magriplis E., Mahasampath G., Maire B., Majer M., Makdisse M., Maki P., Malekzadeh F., Malhotra R., Mallikharjuna Rao K., Malyutina S.K., Maniego L.V., Manios Y., Mann J.I., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Manzato E., Margozzini P., Markaki A., Markey O., Markidou Ioannidou E., Marques-Vidal P., Marques L.P., Marrugat J., Martin-Prevel Y., Martin R., Martorell R., Martos E., Marventano S., Mascarenhas L.P., Masoodi S.R., Mathiesen E.B., Mathur P., Matijasevich A., Matsha T.E., Mavrogianni C., Mazur A., Mbanya J.C.N., McFarlane S.R., McGarvey S.T., McKee M., McLachlan S., McLean R.M., McLean S.B., McNulty B.A., Mediene-Benchekor S., Medzioniene J., Mehdipour P., Mehlig K., Mehrparvar A.H., Meirhaeghe A., Meisfjord J., Meisinger C., Menezes A.M.B., Menon G.R., Mensink G.B., Menzano M.T., Mereke A., Meshram I.I., Metspalu A., Mi J., Michaelsen K.F., Michels N., Mikkel K., Milkowska K., Miller J.C., Minderico C.S., Mini G.K., Miquel J.F., Mirjalili M.R., Mirkopoulou D., Mirrakhimov E., Misigoj-Durakovic M., Mistretta A., Mocanu V., Modesti P.A., Moghaddam S.S., Mohajer B., Mohamed M.K., Mohamed S.F., Mohammad K., Mohammadi Z., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohan V., Mohanna S., Mohd Yusoff M.F., Mohebbi I., Mohebi F., Moitry M., Molbo D., Mollehave L.T., Moller N.C., Molnar D., Momenan A., Mondo C.K., Monroy-Valle M., Monterrubio-Flores E., Monyeki K.D.K., Moosazadeh M., Moreira L.B., Morejon A., Moreno L.A., Morgan K., Morin S.N., Mortensen E.L., Moschonis G., Mossakowska M., Mostafa A., Mota-Pinto A., Mota J., Motlagh M.E., Motta J., Moura-dos-Santos M.A., Mridha M.K., Msyamboza K.P., Mu T.T., Muc M., Mugosa B., Muiesan M.L., Mukhtorova P., Muller-Nurasyid M., Murphy N., Mursu J., Murtagh E.M., Musa K.I., Music Milanovic S., Musil V., Mustafa N., Nabipour I., Naderimagham S., Nagel G., Naidu B.M., Najafi F., Nakamura H., Namesna J., Nang E.E.K., Nangia V.B., Nankap M., Narake S., Nardone P., Nauck M., Neal W.A., Nejatizadeh A., Nelis K., Nelis L., Nenko I., Neovius M., Nervi F., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D., Nguyen Q.N., Nieto-Martinez R.E., Nikitin Y.P., Ning G., Ninomiya T., Nishtar S., Noale M., Noboa O.A., Nogueira H., Norat T., Nordendahl M., Nordestgaard B.G., Noto D., Nowak-Szczepanska N., Nsour M.A., Nuhoglu I., Nurk E., O'Neill T.W., O'Reilly D., Obreja G., Ochimana C., Ochoa-Aviles A.M., Oda E., Oh K., Ohara K., Ohlsson C., Ohtsuka R., Olafsson O., Olinto M.T.A., Oliveira I.O., Omar M.A., Onat A., Ong S.K., Ono L.M., Ordunez P., Ornelas R., Ortiz A.P., Ortiz P.J., Osler M., Osmond C., Ostojic S.M., Ostovar A., Otero J.A., Overvad K., Owusu-Dabo E., Paccaud F.M., Padez C., Pagkalos I., Pahomova E., Paiva K.M.D., Pajak A., Palli D., Palloni A., Palmieri L., Pan W.-H., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panza F., Papandreou D., Park S.-W., Park S., Parnell W.R., Parsaeian M., Pascanu I.M., Pasquet P., Patel N.D., Pednekar M.S., Peer N., Peixoto S.V., Peltonen M., Pereira A.C., Peres M.A., Perez-Farinos N., Perez C.M., Peterkova V., Peters A., Petersmann A., Petkeviciene J., Petrauskiene A., Pettenuzzo E., Peykari N., Pham S.T., Pichardo R.N., Pierannunzio D., Pigeot I., Pikhart H., Pilav A., Pilotto L., Pistelli F., Pitakaka F., Piwonska A., Pizarro A.N., Plans-Rubio P., Poh B.K., Pohlabeln H., Pop R.M., Porta M., Posch G., Poudyal A., Poulimeneas D., Pouraram H., Pourfarzi F., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Pradeepa R., Price A.J., Price J.F., Providencia R., Puder J.J., Pudule I., Puhakka S.E., Puiu M., Punab M., Qasrawi R.F., Qorbani M., Quoc Bao T., Radic I., Radisauskas R., Rahimikazerooni S., Rahman M., Raitakari O., Raj M., Rakhimova E., Rakhmatulloev S., Rakovac I., Ramachandra Rao S., Ramachandran A., Ramke J., Ramos E., Ramos R., Rampal L., Rampal S., Rarra V., Rascon-Pacheco R.A., Rasmussen M., Rech C.R., Redon J., Reganit P.F.M., Regecova V., Revilla L., Rezaianzadeh A., Ribas-Barba L., Ribeiro R., Riboli E., Richter A., Rigo F., Rinaldo N., Rinke de Wit T.F., Rito A., Ritti-Dias R.M., Rivera J.A., Robitaille C., Roccaldo R., Rodrigues D., Rodriguez-Artalejo F., Rodriguez-Perez M.D.C., Rodriguez-Villamizar L.A., Roggenbuck U., Rojas-Martinez R., Rojroongwasinkul N., Romaguera D., Romeo E.L., Rosario R.V., Rosengren A., Rouse I., Roy J.G., Rubinstein A., Ruhli F.J., Ruidavets J.-B., Ruiz-Betancourt B.S., Ruiz Moreno E., Rusakova I.A., Russell Jonsson K., Russo P., Rust P., Rutkowski M., Sabanayagam C., Sacchini E., Sachdev H.S., Sadjadi A., Safarpour A.R., Safi S., Safiri S., Saidi O., Saki N., Salanave B., Salazar Martinez E., Salmeron D., Salomaa V., Salonen J.T., Salvetti M., Samoutian M., Sanchez-Abanto J., Sandjaja, Sans S., Santa Marina L., Santos D.A., Santos I.S., Santos L.C., Santos M.P., Santos O., Santos R., Santos Sanz S., Saramies J.L., Sardinha L.B., Sarrafzadegan N., Sathish T., Saum K.-U., Savva S., Savy M., Sawada N., Sbaraini M., Scazufca M., Schaan B.D., Schaffrath Rosario A., Schargrodsky H., Schienkiewitz A., Schindler K., Schipf S., Schmidt C.O., Schmidt I.M., Schnohr P., Schottker B., Schramm S., Schroder H., Schultsz C., Schutte A.E., Sebert S., Sein A.A., Selamat R., Sember V., Sen A., Senbanjo I.O., Sepanlou S.G., Sequera V., Serra-Majem L., Servais J., Sevcikova L., Shalnova S.A., Shamah-Levy T., Shamshirgaran M., Shanthirani C.S., Sharafkhah M., Sharma S.K., Shaw J.E., Shayanrad A., Shayesteh A.A., Shengelia L., Shi Z., Shibuya K., Shimizu-Furusawa H., Shin D.W., Shin Y., Shirani M., Shiri R., Shrestha N., Si-Ramlee K., Siani A., Siantar R., Sibai A.M., Silva A.M., Silva D.A.S., Simon M., Simons J., Simons L.A., Sjoberg A., Sjostrom M., Skodje G., Slowikowska-Hilczer J., Slusarczyk P., Smeeth L., So H.-K., Soares F.C., Sobek G., Sobngwi E., Sodemann M., Soderberg S., Soekatri M.Y., Soemantri A., Sofat R., Solfrizzi V., Somi M.H., Sonestedt E., Song Y., Sorgjerd E.P., Sossa Jerome C., Soto-Rojas V.E., Soumare A., Sovic S., Sparboe-Nilsen B., Sparrenberger K., Spinelli A., Spiroski I., Staessen J.A., Stamm H., Stathopoulou M.G., Staub K., Stavreski B., Steene-Johannessen J., Stehle P., Stein A.D., Stergiou G.S., Stessman J., Stevanovic R., Stieber J., Stockl D., Stocks T., Stokwiszewski J., Stoyanova E., Stratton G., Stronks K., Strufaldi M.W., Sturua L., Suarez-Medina R., Suka M., Sun C.-A., Sundstrom J., Sung Y.-T., Sunyer J., Suriyawongpaisal P., Swinburn B.A., Sy R.G., Syddall H.E., Sylva R.C., Szklo M., Szponar L., Tai E.S., Tammesoo M.-L., Tamosiunas A., Tan E.J., Tang X., Tanser F., Tao Y., Tarawneh M.R., Tarp J., Tarqui-Mamani C.B., Taxova Braunerova R., Taylor A., Taylor J., Tchibindat F., Tebar W.R., Tell G.S., Tello T., Thankappan K.R., Theobald H., Theodoridis X., Thijs L., Thomas N., Thuesen B.H., Ticha L., Timmermans E.J., Tjonneland A., Tolonen H.K., Tolstrup J.S., Topbas M., Topor-Madry R., Torheim L.E., Tormo M.J., Tornaritis M.J., Torrent M., Torres-Collado L., Toselli S., Traissac P., Tran T.T.-H., Trichopoulos D., Trichopoulou A., Trinh O.T., Trivedi A., Tshepo L., Tsigga M., Tsugane S., Tuliakova A.M., Tulloch-Reid M.K., Tullu F., Tuomainen T.-P., Tuomilehto J., Turley M.L., Tynelius P., Tzotzas T., Tzourio C., Ueda P., Ugel E., Ukoli F.A., Ulmer H., Unal B., Usupova Z., Uusitalo H.M., Uysal N., Vaitkeviciute J., Valdivia G., Vale S., Valvi D., van Dam R.M., Van der Heyden J., van der Schouw Y.T., Van Herck K., Van Minh H., van Valkengoed I.G., Vanderschueren D., Vanuzzo D., Varbo A., Varela-Moreiras G., Varona-Perez P., Vasan S.K., Vega T., Veidebaum T., Velasquez-Melendez G., Velika B., Veronesi G., Verschuren W.M., Victora C.G., Viegi G., Viet L., Villalpando S., Vineis P., Vioque J., Virtanen J.K., Visser M., Visvikis-Siest S., Viswanathan B., Vladulescu M., Vlasoff T., Vocanec D., Volzke H., Voutilainen A., Voutilainen S., Vrijheid M., Vrijkotte T.G., Wade A.N., Wagner A., Waldhor T., Walton J., Wambiya E.O., Wan Bebakar W.M., Wan Mohamud W.N., Wanderley Junior R.D.S., Wang M.-D., Wang N., Wang Q., Wang X., Wang Y.X., Wang Y.-W., Wannamethee S.G., Wareham N., Weber A., Wedderkopp N., Weerasekera D., Weghuber D., Wei W., Weres A., Werner B., Whincup P.H., Widhalm K., Widyahening I.S., Wiecek A., Wilks R.J., Willeit J., Willeit P., Williams J., Wilsgaard T., Wojtyniak B., Wong-McClure R.A., Wong A., Wong J.E., Wong T.Y., Woo J., Woodward M., Wu F.C., Wu J., Wu L.J., Wu S., Xu H., Xu L., Yaacob N.A., Yamborisut U., Yan W., Yang L., Yang X., Yang Y., Yardim N., Yaseri M., Yasuharu T., Ye X., Yiallouros P.K., Yoosefi M., Yoshihara A., You Q.S., You S.-L., Younger-Coleman N.O., Yusof S.M., Yusoff A.F., Zaccagni L., Zafiropulos V., Zakavi S.R., Zamani F., Zambon S., Zampelas A., Zamrazilova H., Zapata M.E., Zargar A.H., Zaw K.K., Zdrojewski T., Zeljkovic Vrkic T., Zeng Y., Zhang L., Zhang Z.-Y., Zhao D., Zhao M.-H., Zhao W., Zhen S., Zheng W., Zheng Y., Zholdin B., Zhou M., Zhu D., Zocalo Y., Zuniga Cisneros J., Zuziak M., and Ezzati M.
Subjects: Male, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, pituuskasvu, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, nuoret, Public health surveillance, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Body mass index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, General Medicine, Body mass indexes, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, Geography, Health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Medical and Health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], medicine.medical_specialty, School-aged adolescents, Socio-culturale, lapset (ikäryhmät), Nursing, territories, ravinto, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, School Children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, school-aged children and adolescents, Montenegro, education, Science & Technology, Omvårdnad, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, Bayes Theorem, Anthropometry, Adolescent Development, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Height and Body-mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, UNDERNUTRITION, Height index trajectories, Height, body mass index, children , epidemiology, risk factors, growth, Stature, Demography, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body-mass index trajectories, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, risk factors, countries, EPIDEMIOLOGY, height, children, adolescents, BMI, 030212 general & internal medicine, painoindeksi, Child development, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), School age child, obestity children cardiovascular, Population Health, 1. No poverty, Pediatrik, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, NUTRITION, Female, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, terveys, height, BMI, nutrition, health, children, adolescents, Adolescent, growth, Population, body-mass, Population based, Body-mass index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Weight gain, School-aged childrens, Age trajectories, business.industry, Height, Weight, Body Height, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, ONSET, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, School-aged children, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, terveysriskit, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents., METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence., FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls., INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks., Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU., peer-reviewed
Published: 2020
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35. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Author: Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Zhou, Bin, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Taddei, Cristina, Stevens, Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Khang, Young-Ho, Soric, Maroje, Gregg, Edward W., Miranda, J. Jaime, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Savin, Stefan, Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Solomon, Bethlehem D., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Danaei, Goodarz, Bovet, Pascal, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hambleton, Ian R., Hayes, Alison J., Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, McGarvey, Stephen T., Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Bo, Lars, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V. G., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Biehl, Anna, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bopp, Matthias, Borchini, Rossana, Borghs, Herman, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Brinduse, Lacramioara, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gamze, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V., Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cesar, Juraci A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheng, Yiling J., Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C., Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crampin, Amelia C., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., Cucu, Alexandra, Cui, Liufu, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R., De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A., Duda, Rosemary B., Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C., Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad R., Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Flores, Eric Monterubio, Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera-Juan, Guillem, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galeone, Daniela, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goltzman, David, Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez, Angel R., Gonzalez-Chica, David A., Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Leon, Margot, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena, Gottrand, Frederic, Graca, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Guo, Xiuhua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A., Haghshenas, Rosa, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M., Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G., Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Hopman, Wilma M., Horimoto, Andrea R. 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[0000-0002-8339-9285], APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Personalized Medicine
Subjects: Male, Rural Population, obesity, Obesity, body mass index, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Letter, Urban Population, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, body-mass index, adolescente, Geographic Mapping, Sex Factor, países desarrollados, Rural Health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], systematic analysis, Body Mass Index, países en desarrollo, 80 and over, risk factors, Age Factor, physical-activity, mediana edad, mapeo geográfico, Aged, 80 and over, anciano, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https], dieta, Age Factors, health, adulto, Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary Sciences, adulto joven, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], estado nutricional, nutrition, Science & Technology - Other Topics, NUTRITION, Female, HEALTH, pooled analysis, Diet, Healthy, worldwide trends, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Adolescent, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04 [https], FOOD SYSTEM, Socio-culturale, Nutritional Status, URBAN, Aged, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Humans, Obesity, Sex Factors, Urban Health, Young Adult, POOLED ANALYSIS, Developing Countrie, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Urban rural Obesity Body-Mass-Index, obesidad, Middle-income countries, food system, urban, weight, Healthy, Science & Technology, índice de masa corporal, Diet, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Risk factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, WEIGHT
Abstract: Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories., This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. H.B. was supported by a Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship, J.B. by a Royal Society Research Grant, and M.D.C. by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award. We thank L. Jaacks, B. Popkin, S. Sundberg and W. Willett for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors are responsible for the views expressed in this Letter and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.
Published: 2019
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36. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Author: Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Ängquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assunção, Maria Cecília F., Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. 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Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K, Nangia, Vinay B, Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthia, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nguyen, Quang V, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Niiranen, Teemu J, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Elli, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrio, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iri, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L P, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F, Puder, Jardena J, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margu, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricarda, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Ramachandra Rao, Sudha, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Robinson, Sian M, Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G R, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Nunes dos Santos, Renata, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savva, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schöttker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C, Snijder, Marieke B, So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Soric, Maroje, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Shyong Tai, E, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Matie, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T H, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene G M, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lar, Vega, Toma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Monique Verschuren, W M, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley, Rildo S, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Justin Y Y, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Giwercman Wu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology [Shanghai, China] (CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science), Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology [Shanghai, China]-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Shanghai, China], Imperial College London, University of Kentucky, Middlesex University, Cleveland Clinic, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Brandeis University, Mulago Hospital [Kampala, Ouganda], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), World Health Organisation (WHO), Al-Quds University, Discipline of Medicine, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Centre for Industrial Management, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Dept. Atherosclerose, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Technical University of Lisbon, Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Ufa Eye Research Institute [Bashkortostan], National Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne university hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Medical Sciences [Turin, Italy] (DMS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), ASU - School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Oxford [Oxford], Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red especializado en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Los Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-IRC KULAK, Department of Public Health, State University of Ghent, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit [Southampton, UK], University of Southampton, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] (EPI), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg], Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC, Institut National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire (INNTA), University of Huddersfield, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Medstar Research Institute, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Medical Research Council, Applied Sciences, National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Department of Epidemiology [Rotterdam], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Laboratoire d'Etude des Mammifères Marins (LEMM), Océanopolis [Brest], Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille, Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Centro Investig Quim Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, Centro Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], Health Services Research Unit, Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University College of London [London] (UCL), The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, School of Information Technology, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Faculté de Médecine, Université Djilali Liabès [Sidi-Bel-Abbès], Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Research Center for Prevention and Health, University of Ljubljana, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Crete School of medicine, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Oncology, University of Tampere Medical School, University of Tampere, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre for Environmental Health, National Institue of Public Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), INRAN, National University of Singapore (NUS), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg (GU), Institute of Earthquake Science, CEA, Beijing, CEA, Beijing, University of Porto Medical School, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aging Program, National research council, Padua, Italy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Institute of Internal Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Départment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Oran Es-Senia [Oran] | Université d'Oran Es-Senia [Oran], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Tartu, Department of Community, Université Ain Shams-Faculty of Medicine-Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pécsi Tudemányegyetem, Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Université Ain Shams, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry [Ulm, Allemagne], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, MRc Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cardiology and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Department of Cardiology, Eastbourne General Hospital, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King‘s College London, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Movement Disorders and Tourette Centre, Genetica medicala, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFT), Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tampere University Hospital, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain, parent, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], University of São Paulo (USP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute for plasma research, Institute for Plasma Research, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC - Academic medical center, Central Hospital and Faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences university, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Diabetes Centre, School of Computing [Leeds], University of Leeds, Copenhagen University Hospital, Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Food Science, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Social Medecine, Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences [Leuven], Cancer Epidemiology Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion (MONICA Data Centre), National Public Health Institute, Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds (NutriPass), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Havard School of Public Health, Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School [Athens], University of Kuopio, Tampere University, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Social Medicine, Amsterdam, Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Catholic University of Leuven, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Universidad Miguel Hernández [Elche] (UMH), Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition [Kuopio, Finland], Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Hygiene Warsaw, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Food Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CAE-NUAA), NUAA, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z]., NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). We thank WHO country and regional offices and the World Heart Federation for support in data identification and access., Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Turin, Universidade do Porto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University Diabetes Centre-Lund University [Lund], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Kentucky (UK), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Lausanne University Hospital, University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Giampaoli, Simona [0000-0002-6679-1488], Moschonis, George [0000-0003-3009-6675], Papandreou, Dimitrios [0000-0002-4923-484X], Stathopoulou, Maria G. [0000-0003-4376-2083], Stergiou, George S. [0000-0002-6132-0038], Trichopoulou, Antonia [0000-0002-7204-6396], Valvi, Damaskini [0000-0003-4633-229X], Chen, Z, Woodward, M, Key, T, and Smith, M
Subjects: systolic blood pressure, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, blood pressure measurement, HEALTH EXAMINATION SURVEYS, Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Population Health, Global Health, Non-communicable Disease, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], global health, South Asia, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], kohonnut verenpaine, Medicine and Health Sciences, middle income country, measurement method, skin and connective tissue diseases, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Kardiologi: 771, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, adult, Population health, public health, blood pressure regulation, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Non-communicable disease, kansainvälinen vertailu, health survey, aged, female, priority journal, Blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, GLOBAL TRENDS, SODIUM-INTAKE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, survey design, hypertension, prevalence, Global health, UNITED-STATES, URBAN COMMUNITIES, Article, SECULAR TRENDS, Middle East, Central Asia, male, disease prevalence, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, kansanterveys, blood, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, human, verenpainetauti, non-communicable disease, Science & Technology, Pacific Ocean, high income country, diastolic blood pressure, Pacific Rim, Blood Pressure - Epidemiology - Population, North Africa, major clinical study, HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE, verenpaine, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, POTASSIUM INTAKE, sense organs, trend analysis, trend study, population research, population health, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, low income country
Abstract: Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups., This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z].
Published: 2018
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37. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults

Author: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Abarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z.A., Hamid, Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., Adams, R.J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C.A., Agyemang, C., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Ajlouni, K., Akhtaeva, N., Al-Hazzaa, H.M., Al-Othman, A.R., Al-Raddadi, R., Al Buhairan, F., Al Dhukair, S., Ali, M.M., Ali, O., Alkerwi, A., Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Aly, E., Amarapurkar, D.N., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Andersen, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Andrade, D.S., Ängquist, L.H., Anjana, R.M., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Araújo, J., Ariansen, I., Aris, T., Arlappa, N., Arveiler, D., Aryal, K.K., Aspelund, T., Assah, F.K., Assunção, MCF, Aung, M.S., Avdicová, M., Azevedo, A., Azizi, F., Babu, B.V., Bahijri, S., Baker, J.L., Balakrishna, N., Bamoshmoosh, M., Banach, M., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Barceló, A., Barkat, A., Barros, A.J., Barros, M.V., Bata, I., Batieha, A.M., Batista, R.L., Batyrbek, A., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., Romdhane, H.B., Benedics, J., Benet, M., Bennett, J.E., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Bernotiene, G., Bettiol, H., Bhagyalaxmi, A., Bharadwaj, S., Bhargava, S.K., Bhatti, Z., Bhutta, Z.A., Bi, H., Bi, Y., Biehl, A., Bikbov, M., Bista, B., Bjelica, D.J., Bjerregaard, P., Bjertness, E., Bjertness, M.B., Björkelund, C., Blokstra, A., Bo, S., Bobak, M., Boddy, L.M., Boehm, B.O., Boeing, H., Boggia, J.G., Boissonnet, C.P., Bonaccio, M., Bongard, V., Bovet, P., Braeckevelt, L., Braeckman, L., Bragt, M.C., Brajkovich, I., Branca, F., Breckenkamp, J., Breda, J., Brenner, H., Brewster, L.M., Brian, G.R., Brinduse, L., Bruno, G., Bueno-de-Mesquita, HBA, Bugge, A., Buoncristiano, M., Burazeri, G., Burns, C., de León, A.C., Cacciottolo, J., Cai, H., Cama, T., Cameron, C., Camolas, J., Can, G., Cândido, APC, Capanzana, M., Capuano, V., Cardoso, V.C., Carlsson, A.C., Carvalho, M.J., Casanueva, F.F., Casas, J.P., Caserta, C.A., Chamukuttan, S., Chan, A.W., Chan, Q., Chaturvedi, H.K., Chaturvedi, N., Chen, C.J., 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Suriyawongpaisal, P., Swinburn, B.A., Sy, R.G., Szponar, L., Tai, E.S., Tammesoo, M.L., Tamosiunas, A., Tan, E.J., Tang, X., Tanser, F., Tao, Y., Tarawneh, M.R., Tarp, J., Tarqui-Mamani, C.B., Tautu, O.F., Braunerová, R.T., Taylor, A., Tchibindat, F., Theobald, H., Theodoridis, X., Thijs, L., Thuesen, B.H., Tjonneland, A., Tolonen, H.K., Tolstrup, J.S., Topbas, M., Topór-Madry, R., Tormo, M.J., Tornaritis, M.J., Torrent, M., Toselli, S., Traissac, P., Trichopoulos, D., Trichopoulou, A., Trinh, O.T., Trivedi, A., Tshepo, L., Tsigga, M., Tsugane, S., Tulloch-Reid, M.K., Tullu, F., Tuomainen, T.P., Tuomilehto, J., Turley, M.L., Tynelius, P., Tzotzas, T., Tzourio, C., Ueda, P., Ugel, E.E., Ukoli, F.A., Ulmer, H., Unal, B., Uusitalo, H.M., Valdivia, G., Vale, S., Valvi, D., van der Schouw, Y.T., Van Herck, K., Van Minh, H., van Rossem, L., Van Schoor, N.M., van Valkengoed, I.G., Vanderschueren, D., Vanuzzo, D., Vatten, L., Vega, T., Veidebaum, T., Velasquez-Melendez, G., Velika, B., Veronesi, G., Verschuren, W.M., Victora, C.G., Viegi, G., Viet, L., Viikari-Juntura, E., Vineis, P., Vioque, J., Virtanen, J.K., Visvikis-Siest, S., Viswanathan, B., Vlasoff, T., Vollenweider, P., Völzke, H., Voutilainen, S., Vrijheid, M., Wade, A.N., Wagner, A., Waldhör, T., Walton, J., Bebakar, WMW, Mohamud, WNW, Wanderley, R.S., Wang, M.D., Wang, Q., Wang, Y.X., Wang, Y.W., Wannamethee, S.G., Wareham, N., Weber, A., Wedderkopp, N., Weerasekera, D., Whincup, P.H., Widhalm, K., Widyahening, I.S., Wiecek, A., Wijga, A.H., Wilks, R.J., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Wilsgaard, T., Wojtyniak, B., Wong-McClure, R.A., Wong, J.Y., Wong, J.E., Wong, T.Y., Woo, J., Woodward, M., Wu, F.C., Wu, J., Wu, S., Xu, H., Xu, L., Yamborisut, U., Yan, W., Yang, X., Yardim, N., Ye, X., Yiallouros, P.K., Yngve, A., Yoshihara, A., You, Q.S., Younger-Coleman, N.O., Yusoff, F., Zaccagni, L., Zafiropulos, V., Zainuddin, A.A., Zambon, S., Zampelas, A., Zamrazilová, H., Zdrojewski, T., Zeng, Y., Zhao, D., Zhao, W., Zheng, W., Zheng, Y., Zholdin, B., Zhou, M., Zhu, D., Zhussupov, B., Zimmermann, E., Cisneros, J.Z., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Bilano, V., Bixby, H., Zhou, B., Stevens, G.A., Riley, L.M., Taddei, C., Hajifathalian, K., Lu, Y., Savin, S., Cowan, M.J., Paciorek, C.J., Zhu, A., and Ezzati, M.
Abstract: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
Published: 2017

38. Risk of type 2 diabetes according to traditional and emerging anthropometric indices in Spain, a mediterranean country with high prevalence of obesity: results from a large-scale prospective cohort study

Author: José María Huerta, Carmen Navarro, María Dolores Chirlaque, Carlos González, Michelle A. Mendez, María José Sánchez, Eva Ardanaz, Esther Molina-Montes, Diego Salmerón, Nerea Larrañaga, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, María José Tormo, Larraitz Arriola, José Ramón Quirós, Pilar Amiano, Aurelio Barricarte, Diana Gavrila, Rosana Burgui, Miren Dorronsoro, Estefanía Toledo, Laudina Rodríguez, Noémie Travier, [Huerta,JM, Tormo,MJ, Chirlaque,MD, Gavrila,D, Salmerón,D, Navarro,C] Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain. [Huerta,JM, Amiano,P, Arriola,L, Ardanaz,E, Sánchez,MJ, Barricarte,A, Burgui,R, Dorronsoro,M, Larrañaga,N, Molina-Montes,E, Moreno-Iribas,C, Navarro,C] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.[Tormo,MJ, Navarro,C] Department of Sociosanitary Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain. [Amiano,P, Larrañaga,N] Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastián, Spain. [Ardanaz,E, Toledo,E] Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Rodríguez,L, Quirós,JR] Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain. [Sánchez,MJ, Molina-Montes,E] Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. [Mendez,M] Center for Environmental Epidemiology Research, Barcelona, Spain. [Moreno-Iribas,C] Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Toledo,E] University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Travier,N, González,CA] Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain., and This work was supported by the SENECA Foundation (15414/PI/10) and the EPIC-InterAct study (LSHM-CT-2006-037197). The EPIC study received financial support from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (AEP/93/06), the European Commission (SO-97-200302-05F02, SP23-CT-2005-006438), the Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Centros de Cáncer (RTICCC C03/10, RD06/0020), the CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), the participating Regional Governments of Andalusia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236), and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology.
Subjects: Índice de Masa Corporal, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Diabetes risk, Obesidad Abdominal, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, España, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Anthropometry [Medical Subject Headings], Obesidad, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Mass Index [Medical Subject Headings], lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes Mellitus [Medical Subject Headings], medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Risk factor, Abdominal obesity, Body mass index, Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings], lcsh:RC648-665, Anthropometry, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Diabetes, Absolute risk reduction, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Medicine, Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity::Obesity, Abdominal [Medical Subject Headings], European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Antropometría, Spain, Cohort, medicine.symptom, business, EPIC, Research Article, Demography
Abstract: Background Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A proper anthropometric characterisation of T2DM risk is essential for disease prevention and clinical risk assessement. Methods Longitudinal study in 37 733 participants (63% women) of the Spanish EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort without prevalent diabetes. Detailed questionnaire information was collected at baseline and anthropometric data gathered following standard procedures. A total of 2513 verified incident T2DM cases occurred after 12.1 years of mean follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios of T2DM by levels of anthropometric variables. Results Overall and central obesity were independently associated with T2DM risk. BMI showed the strongest association with T2DM in men whereas waist-related indices were stronger independent predictors in women. Waist-to-height ratio revealed the largest area under the ROC curve in men and women, with optimal cut-offs at 0.60 and 0.58, respectively. The most discriminative waist circumference (WC) cut-off values were 99.4 cm in men and 90.4 cm in women. Absolute risk of T2DM was higher in men than women for any combination of age, BMI and WC categories, and remained low in normal-waist women. The population risk of T2DM attributable to obesity was 17% in men and 31% in women. Conclusions Diabetes risk was associated with higher overall and central obesity indices even at normal BMI and WC values. The measurement of waist circumference in the clinical setting is strongly recommended for the evaluation of future T2DM risk in women.
Published: 2013

39. COVID-19, social determinants of transmission in the home. A population-based study.

Author: Soriano López J, Gómez Gómez JH, Ballesta-Ruiz M, Garcia-Pina R, Sánchez-Rodríguez I, Bonilla-Escobar BA, Salmerón D, Rodríguez BS, and Chirlaque MD
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Retrospective Studies, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Adolescent, Family Characteristics, Aged, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Child, Spain epidemiology, Child, Preschool, COVID-19 transmission, COVID-19 epidemiology, Social Determinants of Health, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract: Background: Studying transmission within the home is essential to understand the transmission dynamics of numerous infectious diseases. For Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), transmission within the home constitutes the majority exposure context. The risk of infection in this setting can be quantified by the household/intra-family secondary attack rate (SAR). In the literature, there are discrepancies in these values and little information about its social determinants. The aim of this study was to investigate transmission in the home by analyzing the influence of occupational social class, country of origin and gender/sex., Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of a population registry of cohabiting contacts with COVID-19 cases diagnosed from 15 June to 23 December 2020, in the Murcia Region. The household SAR was analyzed considering the characteristics of the primary case (sex, age, symptoms, occupational social class, country of origin and number of people in the household) and contact (age and sex) using a multilevel binary logistic regression model., Results: Among the 37 727 contacts included, the intra-family SAR was 39.1%. The contacts of confirmed primary cases in the migrant population (Africa and Latin America) had higher attack rates, even after adjusting for the other variables. Older age and female sex were independent risk factors for contracting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the home., Conclusion: There was greater intra-domiciliary transmission among immigrants, likely related to the conditions of the home and situation of social vulnerability. Women were more likely to be infected by transmission from a cohabiting infected individual., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association.)
Published: 2024
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40. Territorial gaps on quality of causes of death statistics over the last forty years in Spain.

Author: Cirera L, Bañón RM, Maeso S, Molina P, Ballesta M, Chirlaque MD, and Salmerón D
Subjects: Male, Humans, Female, Spain epidemiology, Reproducibility of Results, Bayes Theorem, Causality, Cause of Death
Abstract: Background: The quality of the statistics on causes of death (CoD) does not present consolidated indicators in literature further than the coding group of ill-defined conditions of the International Classification of Diseases. Our objective was to assess the territorial quality of CoD by reliability of the official mortality statistics in Spain over the years 1980-2019., Methods: A descriptive epidemiological design of four decades (1980-, 1990-, 2000-, and 2010-2019) by region (18) and sex was implemented. The CoD cases, age-adjusted rates and ratios (to all-cause) were assigned by reliability to unspecific and ill-defined quality categories. The regional mortality rates were contrasted to the Spanish median by decade and sex by the Comparative Mortality Ratio (CMR) in a Bayesian perspective. Statistical significance was considered when the CMR did not contain the value 1 in the 95% credible intervals., Results: Unspecific, ill-defined, and all-cause rates by region and sex decreased over 1980-2019, although they scored higher in men than in women. The ratio of ill-defined CoD decreased in both sexes over these decades, but was still prominent in 4 regions. CMR of ill-defined CoD in both sexes exceeded the Spanish median in 3 regions in all decades. In the last decade, women's CMR significantly exceeded in 5 regions for ill-defined and in 6 regions for unspecific CoD, while men's CMR exceeded in 4 and 2 of the 18 regions, respectively on quality categories., Conclusions: The quality of mortality statistics of causes of death has increased over the 40 years in Spain in both sexes. Quality gaps still remain mostly in Southern regions. Authorities involved might consider to take action and upgrading regional and national death statistics, and developing a systematic medical post-grade training on death certification., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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41. Childhood and Adolescent Central Nervous System Tumours in Spain: Incidence and Survival over 20 Years: A Historical Baseline for Current Assessment.

Author: Chirlaque MD, Peris-Bonet R, Sánchez A, Cruz O, Marcos-Gragera R, Gutiérrez-Ávila G, Quirós-García JR, Almela-Vich F, López de Munain A, Sánchez MJ, Franch-Sureda P, Ardanaz E, Galceran J, Martos C, Salmerón D, Gatta G, Botta L, Cañete A, and The Spanish Childhood Cancer Epidemiology Working Group
Abstract: Background: Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are highly frequent solid tumours in children and adolescents. While some studies have shown a rise in their incidence in Europe, others have not. Survival remains limited. We addressed two questions about these tumours in Spain: (1) Is incidence increasing? and (2) Has survival improved?, Methods: This population-based study included 1635 children and 328 adolescents from 11 population-based cancer registries with International Classification of Childhood Cancer Group III tumours, incident in 1983-2007. Age-specific and age-standardised (world population) incidence rates (ASRws) were calculated. Incidence time trends were characterised using annual percent change (APC) obtained with Joinpoint. Cases from 1991 to 2005 (1171) were included in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, and the results were evaluated with log-rank and log-rank for trend tests. Children's survival was age-standardised using: (1) the age distribution of cases and the corresponding trends assessed with Joinpoint; and (2) European weights for comparison with Europe., Results: ASRw 1983-2007: children: 32.7 cases/10 6 ; adolescents: 23.5 cases/10 6 . The overall incidence of all tumours increased across 1983-2007 in children and adolescents. Considering change points, the APCs were: (1) children: 1983-1993, 4.3%^ (1.1; 7.7); 1993-2007, -0.2% (-1.9; 1.6); (2) adolescents: 1983-2004: 2.9%^ (0.9; 4.9); 2004-2007: -7.7% (-40; 41.9). For malignant tumours, the trends were not significant. 5-year survival was 65% (1991-2005), with no significant trends (except for non-malignant tumours)., Conclusions: CNS tumour incidence in Spain was found to be similar to that in Europe. Rises in incidence may be mostly attributable to changes in the registration of non-malignant tumours. The overall malignant CNS tumour trend was compatible with reports for Southern Europe. Survival was lower than in Europe, without improvement over time. We provide a baseline for assessing current paediatric oncology achievements and incidence in respect of childhood and adolescent CNS tumours.
Published: 2023
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42. Lifestyle mediators of associations among siestas, obesity, and metabolic health.

Author: Vizmanos B, Cascales AI, Rodríguez-Martín M, Salmerón D, Morales E, Aragón-Alonso A, Scheer FAJL, and Garaulet M
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sleep physiology, Life Style, Risk Factors, Obesity epidemiology, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between siestas/no siestas and obesity, considering siesta duration (long: >30 minutes, short: ≤30 minutes), and test whether siesta traits and/or lifestyle factors mediate the association of siestas with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS)., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 3275 adults from a Mediterranean population (the Obesity, Nutrigenetics, TIming, and MEditerranean [ONTIME] study) who had the opportunity of taking siestas because it is culturally embedded., Results: Thirty-five percent of participants usually took siestas (16% long siestas). Compared with the no-siesta group, long siestas were associated with higher values of BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, as well as with a higher prevalence of MetS (41%; p = 0.015). In contrast, the probability of having elevated SBP was lower in the short-siesta group (21%; p = 0.044) than in the no-siesta group. Smoking a higher number of cigarettes per day mediated the association of long siestas with higher BMI (by 12%, percentage of association mediated by smoking; p < 0.05). Similarly, delays in nighttime sleep and eating schedules and higher energy intake at lunch (the meal preceding siestas) mediated the association between higher BMI and long siestas by 8%, 4%, and 5% (all p < 0.05). Napping in bed (vs. sofa/armchair) showed a trend to mediate the association between long siestas and higher SBP (by 6%; p = 0.055)., Conclusions: Siesta duration is relevant in obesity/MetS. Timing of nighttime sleep and eating, energy intake at lunch, cigarette smoking, and siesta location mediated this association., (© 2023 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society.)
Published: 2023
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43. Cancer Survival in Adults in Spain: A Population-Based Study of the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN).

Author: Guevara M, Molinuevo A, Salmerón D, Marcos-Gragera R, Carulla M, Chirlaque MD, Rodríguez Camblor M, Alemán A, Rojas D, Vizcaíno Batllés A, Chico M, Jiménez Chillarón R, López de Munain A, de Castro V, Sánchez MJ, Ramalle-Gómara E, Franch P, Galceran J, and Ardanaz E
Abstract: The assessment of cancer survival at the population level is essential for monitoring progress in cancer control. We aimed to assess cancer survival and its trends in adults in Spain. Individual records of 601,250 adults with primary cancer diagnosed during 2002-2013 and followed up to 2015 were included from 13 population-based cancer registries. We estimated net survival up to five years after diagnosis and analyzed absolute changes between 2002-2007 and 2008-2013. Estimates were age-standardized. Analyses were performed for 29 cancer groups, by age and sex. Overall, age-standardized five-year net survival was higher in women (61.7%, 95% CI 61.4-62.1%) than in men (55.3%, 95% CI 55.0-55.6%), and ranged by cancer from 7.2% (pancreas) to 89.6% (prostate) in men, and from 10.0% (pancreas) to 93.1% (thyroid) in women in the last period. Survival declined with age, showing different patterns by cancer. Between both periods, age-standardized five-year net survival increased overall by 3.3% (95% CI 3.0-3.7%) in men and 2.5% (95% CI 2.0-3.0%) in women, and for most cancer groups. Improvements were greater in patients younger than 75 years than in older patients. Chronic myeloid leukemia and myeloma showed the largest increases. Among the most common malignancies, the greatest absolute increases in survival were observed for colon (5.0%, 95% CI 4.0-6.0%) and rectal cancers (4.5%, 95% CI 3.2-5.9%). Survival improved even for some cancers with poor prognosis (pancreas, esophagus, lung, liver, and brain cancer). Further investigation of possible sociodemographic inequalities is warranted. This study contributes to the evaluation of cancer control and health services' effectiveness.
Published: 2022
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44. Estimating Country-Specific Incidence Rates of Rare Cancers: Comparative Performance Analysis of Modeling Approaches Using European Cancer Registry Data.

Author: Salmerón D, Botta L, Martínez JM, Trama A, Gatta G, Borràs JM, Capocaccia R, and Clèries R
Subjects: Bayes Theorem, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Registries, Neoplasms epidemiology
Abstract: Estimating incidence of rare cancers is challenging for exceptionally rare entities and in small populations. In a previous study, investigators in the Information Network on Rare Cancers (RARECARENet) provided Bayesian estimates of expected numbers of rare cancers and 95% credible intervals for 27 European countries, using data collected by population-based cancer registries. In that study, slightly different results were found by implementing a Poisson model in integrated nested Laplace approximation/WinBUGS platforms. In this study, we assessed the performance of a Poisson modeling approach for estimating rare cancer incidence rates, oscillating around an overall European average and using small-count data in different scenarios/computational platforms. First, we compared the performance of frequentist, empirical Bayes, and Bayesian approaches for providing 95% confidence/credible intervals for the expected rates in each country. Second, we carried out an empirical study using 190 rare cancers to assess different lower/upper bounds of a uniform prior distribution for the standard deviation of the random effects. For obtaining a reliable measure of variability for country-specific incidence rates, our results suggest the suitability of using 1 as the lower bound for that prior distribution and selecting the random-effects model through an averaged indicator derived from 2 Bayesian model selection criteria: the deviance information criterion and the Watanabe-Akaike information criterion., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.)
Published: 2022
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45. Salmerón et al. Respond to "Future Directions for Predicting Rare Cancer Rates".

Author: Salmerón D, Botta L, Martínez JM, Trama A, Gatta G, Borràs JM, Capocaccia R, and Clèries R
Subjects: Forecasting, Humans, Incidence, Registries, Neoplasms epidemiology
Published: 2022
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46. Bayesian beta nonlinear models with constrained parameters to describe ruminal degradation kinetics.

Author: Salmerón D
Abstract: The models used to describe the kinetics of ruminal degradation are usually nonlinear models where the dependent variable is the proportion of degraded food. The method of least squares is the standard approach used to estimate the unknown parameters but this method can lead to unacceptable predictions. To solve this issue, a beta nonlinear model and the Bayesian perspective is proposed in this article. The application of standard methodologies to obtain prior distributions, such as the Jeffreys prior or the reference priors , involves serious difficulties here because this model is a nonlinear non-normal regression model, and the constrained parameters appear in the log-likelihood function through the Gamma function. This paper proposes an objective method to obtain the prior distribution, which can be applied to other models with similar complexity, can be easily implemented in OpenBUGS, and solves the problem of unacceptable predictions. The model is generalized to a larger class of models. The methodology was applied to real data with three models that were compared using the Deviance Information Criterion and the root mean square prediction error. A simulation study was performed to evaluate the coverage of the credible intervals., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)
Published: 2021
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47. Birth-sex cohort alcohol use transitions in the general population: the cross-sectional PEGASUS-Murcia project.

Author: Husky MM, Bharat C, Vilagut G, Salmerón D, Martínez S, Navarro C, Alonso J, Kessler RC, and Navarro-Mateu F
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Spain epidemiology, Young Adult, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcohol-Related Disorders diagnosis, Alcohol-Related Disorders epidemiology
Abstract: To examine the potential impact of prevalence of alcohol use in a birth-sex cohort on subsequent initiation and progression of alcohol use in the PEGASUS-Murcia project, a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of non-institutionalized adults in Murcia (Spain). Data on lifetime history of alcohol use, DSM-IV use disorders, and remission were collected from 1,459 adults using face-to-face interviewers based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Life-table estimates based on survival functions for alcohol use age-of-onset and remission were used as time-varying predictors of subsequent individual-level alcohol use in discrete-time survival models. Nearly nine out of ten adults had a lifetime alcohol use history at time of interview. Of these lifetime users, 84.3% became regular users (>12 drinks a year) and 5.5-1.6% went on to meet criteria for DSM-IV alcohol abuse or dependence, respectively. By the age of 18, 70.9% of respondents had used alcohol, and one half (50.2%) had used regularly. Regular use sharply increased during early adulthood to reach 90.8% by age 22. Birth-sex cohort alcohol use was significantly and positively associated with increased odds of all subsequent transitions examined except for the transition from use to abuse. The findings highlight sensitive periods with rapid transitions to higher levels of alcohol use and emphasize the importance of cohort experiences in the full spectrum of stages of alcohol use. These results may contribute to predicting population-levels trends in alcohol-related problems in Spain.
Published: 2020
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48. Childhood adversities and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism as risk factors of substance use disorders: retrospective case-control study in Murcia (Spain).

Author: Navarro-Mateu F, Quesada MP, Escámez T, Alcaráz MJ, Seiquer de la Peña C, Salmerón D, Huerta JM, Vilagut G, Chirlaque MD, Navarro C, Husky M, Kessler RC, Alonso J, and Martínez S
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Alleles, Case-Control Studies, Female, Homozygote, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Genetic, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Spain epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders genetics, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins genetics, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
Abstract: Objective: To explore the separate and joint associations of childhood adversities and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism as risk factors for substance use disorders among adults. : Design : Retrospective case-control study., Setting: Cases from the substance unit and controls from a representative sample of the adult general population in the metropolitan area of Murcia (Spain)., Participants: Cases were defined as outpatients 18 years old or older currently in the treatment for alcohol, opioids or cocaine use disorders in the clinical unit. Controls were randomly selected among individuals without substance use disorders who participated in the Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain-Murcia (PEGASUS-Murcia) project, a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the adult general population. In all, 142 cases and 531 controls were interviewed and a subsample of 114 cases (80.3%) and 329 controls (62%) provided a biological sample., Exposure: A history of 12 childhood adversities, lifetime mental disorders and sociodemographic variables was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)version 3.0). Buccal swabs were obtained to genotype the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with the biallelic and the triallelic classification., Main Outcome and Measure: Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CI., Results: Childhood adversities were associated with an elevated risk of substance use disorders (OR=5.77, 95% CI 3.46 to 9.61). Homozygotes for the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism also showed the elevated risk of substance use disorders for the biallelic and triallelic classification: (1.97 (1.10 to 3.55) and 2.01 (1.11 to 3.64), respectively). No evidence for gene × environment interactions was found., Conclusions: Childhood adversities and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism are involved in the aetiology of substance use disorders though findings exploring the existence of a gene-environment interaction were inconclusive., Competing Interests: Competing interests: RCK has served on advisory boards for Mensante Corporation, Plus One Health Management, Lake Nona Institute and US Preventive Medicine, is a co-owner of DataStat. In the past three years, RCK has been a consultant for Hoffman-La Roche, Johnson & Johnson Wellness and Prevention, and Sonofi-Aventis Groupe. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2019
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49. [More than a decade improving medical and judicial certification in mortality statistics of death causes].

Author: Cirera L, Salmerón D, Martínez C, Bañón RM, and Navarro C
Subjects: Humans, Registries, Spain epidemiology, Cause of Death, Death Certificates, Quality Improvement statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Objective: After the return of Spain to democracy and the regional assumption of government powers, actions were initiated to improve the mortality statistics of death causes. The objective of this work was to describe the evolution of the quality activities improvements into the statistics of death causes on Murcia's region during 1989 to 2011., Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study of all death documents processed by the Murcia mortality registry. Use of indicators related to the quality of the completion of death in medical and judicial notification; recovery of information on the causes and circumstances of death; and impact on the statistics of ill-defined, unspecific and less specific causes., Results: During the study period, the medical notification without a temporary sequence on the death certificate (DC) has decreased from 46% initial to 21% final (p less than 0.001). Information retrieval from sources was successful in 93% of the cases in 2001 compared to 38%, at the beginning of the period (p less than 0.001). Regional rates of ill-defined and unspecific causes fell more than national ones, and they were in the last year with a differential of 10.3 (p less than 0.001) and 2.8 points (p=0.001), respectively., Conclusions: The medical death certification improved in form and suitability. Regulated recovery of the causes of death and circumstances corrected medical and judicial information. The Murcia's region presented lower rates in less specified causes and ill-defined entities than national averages., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
Published: 2018

50. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and other mental disorders in the general population after Lorca's earthquakes, 2011 (Murcia, Spain): A cross-sectional study.

Author: Navarro-Mateu F, Salmerón D, Vilagut G, Tormo MJ, Ruíz-Merino G, Escámez T, Júdez J, Martínez S, Koenen KC, Navarro C, Alonso J, and Kessler RC
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mood Disorders diagnosis, Prevalence, Severity of Illness Index, Spain epidemiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic diagnosis, Substance-Related Disorders diagnosis, Young Adult, Disasters, Earthquakes, Mood Disorders epidemiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
Abstract: Aims: To describe the prevalence and severity of mental disorders and to examine differences in risk among those with and without a lifetime history prior to a moderate magnitude earthquake that took place in Lorca (Murcia, Spain) at roughly the mid-point (on May 11, 2011) of the time interval in which a regional epidemiological survey was already being carried out (June 2010 -May 2012)., Methods: The PEGASUS-Murcia project is a cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey of a representative sample of non-institutionalized adults in Murcia. Main outcome measures are prevalence and severity of anxiety, mood, impulse and substance disorders in the 12 months previous to the survey, assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Sociodemographic variables, prior history of any mental disorder and earthquake-related stressors were entered as independent variables in a logistic regression analysis., Findings: A total number of 412 participants (response rate: 71%) were interviewed. Significant differences in 12-month prevalence of mental disorders were found in Lorca compared to the rest of Murcia for any (12.8% vs 16.8%), PTSD (3.6% vs 0.5%) and other anxiety disorders (5.3% vs 9.2%) (p≤ 0.05 for all). No differences were found for 12-month prevalence of any mood or any substance disorder. The two major predictors for developing a 12-month post-earthquake mental disorder were a prior mental disorder and the level of exposure. Other risk factors included female sex and low-average income., Conclusions: PTSD and other mental disorders are commonly associated with earthquake disasters. Prior mental disorders and the level of exposure to the earthquakes are the most important for the development of a consequent mental disorder and this recognition may help to identify those individuals that may most benefit from specific therapeutic intervention.
Published: 2017
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