39 results on '"McIntosh, Caroline"'
Search Results
2. A protocol for a scoping review to identify methods used in clinical practice to assess wound odour
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Gethin, Georgina, primary, LeBlanc, Kimberly, additional, Ivory, John D, additional, McIntosh, Caroline, additional, Pastor, Damien, additional, Naughten, Enda, additional, Hobbs, Chloe, additional, McGrath, Barry, additional, Cunningham, Stephen, additional, Joshi, Lokesh, additional, Moloney, Suzanne, additional, and Probst, Sebastian, additional
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- 2023
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3. Systematic review of topical interventions for the management of pain in chronic wounds
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Ffrench, Cathal, primary, Finn, David, additional, Velligna, Akke, additional, Ivory, John, additional, Healy, Catherine, additional, Butler, Karen, additional, Sezgin, Duygu, additional, Carr, Peter, additional, Probst, Sebastian, additional, McLoughlin, Aonghus, additional, Arshad, Sundus, additional, McIntosh, Caroline, additional, and Gethin, Georgina, additional
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- 2023
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4. A scoping review protocol to map the evidence on the risks and benefits of population based diabetic foot screening
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Pallin, Jennifer A., primary, McIntosh, Caroline, additional, Kavanagh, Paul, additional, Dinneen, Sean F., additional, Kearney, Patricia M., additional, and Buckley, Claire M., additional
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- 2022
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5. Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial
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Cockayne, Sarah, Hewitt, Catherine, Hicks, Kate, Jayakody, Shalmini, Kang'ombe, Arthur Ricky, Stamuli, Eugena, Turner, Gwen, Thomas, Kim, Curran, Mike, Denby, Gary, Hashmi, Farina, McIntosh, Caroline, McLarnon, Nichola, Torgerson, David, and Watt, Ian
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- 2011
6. Pilates Reducing Falls Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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da Silva, Larissa Donatoni, primary, Shiel, Agnes, additional, and McIntosh, Caroline, additional
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- 2021
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7. The reform study: a case study of embedded trials
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Cockayne, Sarah, Adamson, Joy, Corbacho, Belen, Fairhurst, Caroline, Farndon, Lisa, Hicks, Kate, Keenan, Anne-Maree, Lamb, Sally, Loughrey, Lorraine, McIntosh, Caroline, Menz, Hylton, Redmond, Anthony, Rodgers, Sara, Vernon, Wesley, Watson, Jude, and Torgerson, David
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- 2015
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8. The reform patient information sheet sub study - an embedded trial evaluating the enhancement of patient information sheets to improve recruitment
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Cockayne, Sarah, Adamson, Joy, Bower, Peter, Corbacho, Belen, Fairhurst, Caroline, Farndon, Lisa, Hicks, Kate, Keenan, Anne-Maree, Knapp, Peter, Lamb, Sally, Loughrey, Lorraine, McIntosh, Caroline, Menz, Hylton, Redmond, Anthony, Rick, Jo, Rodgers, Sara, Vernon, Wesley, Watson, Jude, and Torgerson, David
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- 2015
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9. On the feasibility of using an active tuner for measuring microwave noise parameters
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McIntosh, Caroline E., Pollard, Roger D., and Miles, Robert E.
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Microwaves -- Usage ,Noise -- Measurement - Published
- 1999
10. Novel MMIC source-impedance tuners for on-wafer microwave noise-parameter measurements
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McIntosh, Caroline E., Pollard, Roger D., and Miles, Robert E.
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Microwave integrated circuits -- Research ,Noise -- Analysis ,Semiconductor wafers -- Research ,Business ,Computers ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
A study was conducted to examine monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit source-impedance tuners for on-wafer noise-parameter measurement systems. The tuners can eliminate the effect of cable and probe losses on the reflection coefficient. They can also be connected directly to a test device on-wafer. In addition, the tuners incorporate large usable bandwidths and can be synthesized up to 50 different discrete impedance points.
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- 1999
11. The effect of patients’ preference on outcome in the EVerT cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verruca) trial
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Cockayne Sarah, Hicks Kate, Kangombe Arthur R, Hewitt Catherine, Concannon Michael, Thomas Kim, Hashmi Farina, McIntosh Caroline, Brierley Gwen, Torgerson David, and Watt Ian
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Randomised controlled trial ,Patients’ preference ,Plantar warts ,Verrucae ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Randomised controlled trials are widely accepted as the gold standard method to evaluate medical interventions, but they are still open to bias. One such bias is the effect of patient’s preference on outcome measures. The aims of this study were to examine whether patients’ treatment preference affected clearance of plantar warts and explore whether there were any associations between patients’ treatment preference and baseline variables in the EverT trial. Methods Two hundred and forty patients were recruited from University podiatry schools, NHS podiatry clinics and primary care. Patients were aged 12 years and over and had at least one plantar wart which was suitable for treatment with salicylic acid and cryotherapy. Patients were asked their treatment preference prior to randomisation. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to test the association between preference group and continuous baseline variables. The Fisher’s exact test was performed to test the association between preference group and categorical baseline variables. A logistic regression analysis was undertaken with verruca clearance (yes or no) as the dependent variable and treatment, age, type of verruca, previous treatment, treatment preference as independent variables. Two analyses were undertaken, one using the health professional reported outcome and one using the patient’s self reported outcomes. Data on whether the patient found it necessary to stop the treatment to which they had been allocated and whether they started another treatment were summarised by treatment group. Results Pre-randomisation preferences were: 10% for salicylic acid; 42% for cryotherapy and 48% no treatment preference. There was no evidence of an association between treatment preference group and either patient (p=0.95) or healthcare professional (p=0.46) reported verruca clearance rates. There was no evidence of an association between preference group and any of the baseline variables except gender, with more females expressing a preference for salicylic acid (p=0.004). There was no evidence that the number of times salicylic acid was applied was different between the preference groups at one week (p=0.89) or at three weeks (p=0.24). Similarly, for the number of clinic visits for cryotherapy (p=0.71) Conclusions This secondary analysis showed no evidence to suggest that patients’ baseline preferences affected verruca clearance rates or adherence with the treatment. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN18994246 and National Research Register N0484189151
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- 2012
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12. Cost-effectiveness of cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts: economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial (EVerT trial)
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Stamuli Eugena, Cockayne Sarah, Hewitt Catherine, Hicks Kate, Jayakody Shalmini, Kang'ombe Arthur, Turner Gwen, Thomas Kim, Curran Mike, Hashmi Farina, McIntosh Caroline, McLarnon Nichola, Torgerson David J, and Watt Ian
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Plantar warts ,Verrucae ,Cost-effectiveness analysis ,Salicylic acid ,Cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Plantar warts (verrucae) are extremely common. Although many will spontaneously disappear without treatment, treatment may be sought for a variety of reasons such as discomfort. There are a number of different treatments for cutaneous warts, with salicylic acid and cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen being two of the most common forms of treatment. To date, no full economic evaluation of either salicylic acid or cryotherapy has been conducted based on the use of primary data in a pragmatic setting. This paper describes the cost-effectiveness analysis which was conducted alongside a pragmatic multicentre, randomised trial evaluating the clinical effectiveness of cryotherapy versus 50% salicylic acid of the treatment of plantar warts. Methods A cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken alongside a pragmatic multicentre, randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical effectiveness of 50% salicylic acid and cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen at 12 weeks after randomisation of patients. Cost-effectiveness outcomes were expressed as the additional cost required to completely cure the plantar warts of one additional patient. A NHS perspective was taken for the analysis. Results Cryotherapy costs on average £101.17 (bias corrected and accelerated (BCA) 95% CI: 85.09-117.26) more per participant over the 12 week time-frame, while there is no additional benefit, in terms of proportion of patients healed compared with salicylic acid. Conclusions Cryotherapy is more costly and no more effective than salicylic acid. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN18994246 [controlled-trials.com] and National Research Register N0484189151.
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- 2012
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13. Antimicrobial dressings for treating local infection in patients with diabetic foot ulcers
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Ivory, John D., Gethin, Georgina, and McIntosh, Caroline
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PHMB ,Silver ,Antimicrobials ,Diabetic foot ulcer ,Honey ,Infection ,Iodine - Abstract
Infection in diabetic foot ulcers puts patients at risk of hospitalisation and amputation. Microorganisms populate chronic wounds on a continuum from non-pathological surface contamination to local infection and/or deep compartment infection. Early diagnosis of infection based on relevant clinical signs and symptoms is critical, and treatment reflects the degree of infection. Treatment of superficial infection can involve dressings impregnated with antimicrobial agents. Dressing choice recommendations in clinical practice guidelines, however, are primarily used to ensure optimal moisture balance is achieved and facilitate autolytic debridement. Current evidence, although weak, favours antimicrobial dressings. Future research should be more robust and adequately powered. peer-reviewed
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- 2018
14. An optimised patient information sheet did not significantly increase recruitment or retention in a falls prevention study: an embedded randomised recruitment trial
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Cockayne, Sarah, Fairhurst, Caroline, Adamson, Joy, Hewitt, Catherine, Hull, Robin, Hicks, Kate, Keenan, Anne-Maree, Lamb, Sarah E, Green, Lorraine, McIntosh, Caroline, Menz, Hylton B, Redmond, Anthony C, Rodgers, Sara, Torgerson, David J, Vernon, Wesley, Watson, Judith, Knapp, Peter, Rick, Jo, Bower, Peter, Eldridge, Sandra, Madurasinghe, Vichithranie W, Graffy, Jonathan, Rick, Jo [0000-0002-4659-8111], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,retention ,Research Subjects ,leaflets ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Patient Education as Topic ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Podiatry ,Aged ,Randomised controlled trial ,Aged, 80 and over ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Research ,Patient Selection ,for-purpose ,cohort ,patient information ,United Kingdom ,Patient information ,Retention ,recruitment ,Sample Size ,improve recruitment ,Accidental Falls ,Female ,Recruitment ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Comprehension ,randomised controlled trial - Abstract
Background Randomised controlled trials are generally regarded as the ‘gold standard’ experimental design to determine the effectiveness of an intervention. Unfortunately, many trials either fail to recruit sufficient numbers of participants, or recruitment takes longer than anticipated. The current embedded trial evaluates the effectiveness of optimised patient information sheets on recruitment of participants in a falls prevention trial. Methods A three-arm, embedded randomised methodology trial was conducted within the National Institute for Health Research-funded REducing Falls with ORthoses and a Multifaceted podiatry intervention (REFORM) cohort randomised controlled trial. Routine National Health Service podiatry patients over the age of 65 were randomised to receive either the control patient information sheet (PIS) for the host trial or one of two optimised versions, a bespoke user-tested PIS or a template-developed PIS. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients in each group who went on to be randomised to the host trial. Results Six thousand and nine hundred patients were randomised 1:1:1 into the embedded trial. A total of 193 (2.8%) went on to be randomised into the main REFORM trial (control n = 62, template-developed n = 68; bespoke user-tested n = 63). Information sheet allocation did not improve recruitment to the trial (odds ratios for the three pairwise comparisons: template vs control 1.10 (95% CI 0.77–1.56, p = 0.60); user-tested vs control 1.01 (95% CI 0.71–1.45, p = 0.94); and user-tested vs template 0.92 (95% CI 0.65–1.31, p = 0.65)). Conclusions This embedded methodology trial has demonstrated limited evidence as to the benefit of using optimised information materials on recruitment and retention rates in the REFORM study. Trial registration International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number registry, ISRCTN68240461. Registered on 01 July 2011. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1797-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2017
15. Additional file 2: of An optimised patient information sheet did not significantly increase recruitment or retention in a falls prevention study: an embedded randomised recruitment trial
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Cockayne, Sarah, Fairhurst, Caroline, Adamson, Joy, Hewitt, Catherine, Hull, Robin, Hicks, Kate, Anne-Maree Keenan, Lamb, Sarah, Green, Lorraine, McIntosh, Caroline, Hylton Menz, Redmond, Anthony, Rodgers, Sara, Torgerson, David, Vernon, Wesley, Watson, Judith, Knapp, Peter, Rick, Jo, Bower, Peter, Eldridge, Sandra, Vichithranie Madurasinghe, and Graffy, Jonathan
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Bespoke user-tested patient information sheet. (PDF 328Â kb)
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- 2017
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16. Additional file 1: of An optimised patient information sheet did not significantly increase recruitment or retention in a falls prevention study: an embedded randomised recruitment trial
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Cockayne, Sarah, Fairhurst, Caroline, Adamson, Joy, Hewitt, Catherine, Hull, Robin, Hicks, Kate, Anne-Maree Keenan, Lamb, Sarah, Green, Lorraine, McIntosh, Caroline, Hylton Menz, Redmond, Anthony, Rodgers, Sara, Torgerson, David, Vernon, Wesley, Watson, Judith, Knapp, Peter, Rick, Jo, Bower, Peter, Eldridge, Sandra, Vichithranie Madurasinghe, and Graffy, Jonathan
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Original, control patient information sheet. (DOC 103Â kb)
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- 2017
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17. Additional file 3: of An optimised patient information sheet did not significantly increase recruitment or retention in a falls prevention study: an embedded randomised recruitment trial
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Cockayne, Sarah, Fairhurst, Caroline, Adamson, Joy, Hewitt, Catherine, Hull, Robin, Hicks, Kate, Anne-Maree Keenan, Lamb, Sarah, Green, Lorraine, McIntosh, Caroline, Hylton Menz, Redmond, Anthony, Rodgers, Sara, Torgerson, David, Vernon, Wesley, Watson, Judith, Knapp, Peter, Rick, Jo, Bower, Peter, Eldridge, Sandra, Vichithranie Madurasinghe, and Graffy, Jonathan
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Template-developed patient information sheet. (PDF 162Â kb)
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- 2017
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18. Complementary and alternative therapies for management of odor in malignant fungating wounds: a critical review
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Gethin, Georgina, McIntosh,Caroline, and Probst,Sebastian
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Chronic Wound Care Management and Research - Abstract
Georgina Gethin,1 Caroline McIntosh,2 Sebastian Probst3 1School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2Discipline of Podiatric Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; 3School of Health, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract: Malignant fungating wounds (MFWs) affect an estimated 5%–10% of all people with cancer. They have a profound effect on the individual, and their associated symptoms such as bleeding, odor, exudate, and pain cause much distress, anxiety, and social isolation. Odor is cited by patients and clinicians as the worst aspect of such wounds. Strategies to manage odor at the wound site include the use of complementary and alternative therapies. This review aimed to synthesize the current evidence for the use of complementary and alternative therapies in the management of odor in MFWs. No restrictions on date, language, or care setting were applied. Nine databases were searched yielding four papers meeting our criteria. Of the four papers, one was a randomized controlled trial (RCT), and three were case studies. Two papers investigated the use of green tea teabags as a secondary dressing, while others used essential oils either combined with a cream applied directly to the wound or as a secondary dressing. In an RCT, green tea was used as a solution to cleanse the wound followed by the application of green tea teabag as a secondary dressing versus metronidazole powder for the management of odor over 7 days. All patients reported a reduction in odor and physical discomfort, and an improvement in social interaction and appetite, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant. The case studies all reported an improvement in odor management. The use of complementary and alternative therapies in the management of MFW-associated malodor is not supported by evidence from RCTs. Green tea may have potential as a secondary dressing to manage odor. Further research in this area is warranted. Keywords: malignant fungating wound, odor, complementary medicine, alternative medicine 
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- 2016
19. Medial longitudinal arch development of school children : The College of Podiatry Annual Conference 2015: meeting abstracts
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Tong, Jasper W. K., Kong, Veni P., Sze, Lily, Gale, Susie, Veto, John, McArdle, Carla, Tunprasert, Thanaporn, Bradley, Victoria, Strike, Siobhan, Ashford, Robert, Naemi, Roozbeth, Chocklingam, Nachiappan, de Blasc, Xavi, Farndon, Lisa, Robinson, Vicki, Nicholls, Emily, Birch, Tabitha, Birch, Ivan, Otter, Simon, Kumar, Sunil, Gow, Peter, Dalbeth, Nicola, Corkill, Michael, Davies, Kevin, Panthakalam, Sam, Rohan, Maheswaran, Rome, Keith, Egan, Chloe, Chandler, Lisa, Tehan, Peta, Chuter, Vivienne, Sonter, Jennifer, Lanting, Sean, Hicks, Lorna, Joyce, Christopher, Watterson, David, McIntosh, Caroline, Roberts, Nigel, Forss, Jacqueline, Charalambous, Chrystalla, Kirby, Jack, Ojo, Oluwakemi, Caukill, Sarah, Capon, Jacqueline, Fong, Radiance, Loy, Louis, Diment, Matthew, Murray, Madeleine, Ellis, Mairghread, Oldmeadow, Christopher, Carey, Nicola, Stenner, Karen, Gage, Heather, Brown, Jane, Williams, Peter, Moore, Ann, Edwards, Jude, Mold, Freda, Courtenay, Molly, Bray, Alan, Hindmoor, Pamela, Gwynne, Craig, Curran, Sarah, Bridgen, Andy, Fairhurst, Caroline, Adamson, Joy, Martin, Belen Corbacho, Cockayne, Sarah, Hewitt, Catherine, Hicks, Kate, Keenan, Anne-Maree, Loughrey-Green, Lorraine, Menz, Hylton, Redmond, Anthony, Rodgers, Sara, Watson, Jude, Torgerson, David, Hull, Robin, Lamb, Sarah, Vernon, Wesley, Wylie, Gavin, Young, Zoe, Williams, Brian, Sullivan, Frank, Ogston, Simon, Morris, Jacqui, Bowen, Cathy, Kunkel, Dorit, Cole, Mark, Donovan-Hall, Margaret, Pickering, Ruth, Burnett, Malcolm, Bader, Dan, Robison, Judy, Mamode, Louis, Ashburn, Ann, McQueen, Peter, Daniels, Maxine, Doherty, Michael, Arden, Nigel, Dando, Charlotte, Cherry, Lindsey, Stefanou, Nichola, Lamb, Sally, Corbacho, Belen, Alcacer-Pitarch, Begonya, and Buch, Maya
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education - Abstract
Background Foot structure is often classified into flat foot, neutral and high arch type based on the variability of the Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA). To date, the literature provided contrasting evidence on the age when MLA development stabilises in children. The influence of footwear on MLA development is also unknown. Aim This study aims to (i) clarify whether the MLA is still changing in children from age 7 to 9 years old and (ii) explore the relationship between footwear usage and MLA development, using a longitudinal approach. Methods We evaluated the MLA of 111 healthy school children [age = 6.9 (0.3) years] using three parameters [arch index (AI), midfoot peak pressure (PP) and maximum force (MF: % of body weight)] extracted from dynamic foot loading measurements at baseline, 10-month and 22-month follow-up. Information on the type of footwear worn was collected using survey question. Linear mixed modelling was used to test for differences in the MLA over time. Results Insignificant changes in all MLA parameters were observed over time [AI: P = .15; PP: P = .84; MF: P = .91]. When gender was considered, the AI of boys decreased with age [P = .02]. Boys also displayed a flatter MLA than girls at age 6.9 years [AI: mean difference = 0.02 (0.01, 0.04); P = .02]. At baseline, subjects who wore close-toe shoes displayed the lowest MLA overall [AI/PP/MF: P < .05]. Subjects who used slippers when commencing footwear use experienced higher PP than those who wore sandals [mean difference = 31.60 (1.44, 61.75) kPa; post-hoc P = .04]. Discussion and conclusion Our findings suggested that the MLA of children remained stable from 7 to 9 years old, while gender and the type of footwear worn during childhood may influence MLA development. Clinicians may choose to commence therapy when a child presents with painful flexible flat foot at age 7 years, and may discourage younger children from wearing slippers when they commence using footwear.
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- 2016
20. The College of Podiatry Annual Conference 2015: meeting abstracts
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Tong, Jasper W. K., Kong, Veni P., Sze, Lily, Gale, Susie, Veto, John, McArdle, Carla, Tunprasert, Thanaporn, Bradley, Victoria, Strike, Siobhan, Ashford, Robert, Naemi, Roozbeth, Chocklingam, Nachiappan, de Blasc, Xavi, Farndon, Lisa, Robinson, Vicki, Nicholls, Emily, Birch, Tabitha, Birch, Ivan, Otter, Simon, Kumar, Sunil, Gow, Peter, Dalbeth, Nicola, Corkill, Michael, Davies, Kevin, Panthakalam, Sam, Rohan, Maheswaran, Rome, Keith, Egan, Chloe, Chandler, Lisa, Tehan, Peta, Chuter, Vivienne, Sonter, Jennifer, Lanting, Sean, Hicks, Lorna, Joyce, Christopher, Watterson, David, McIntosh, Caroline, Roberts, Nigel, Forss, Jacqueline, Charalambous, Chrystalla, Kirby, Jack, Ojo, Oluwakemi, Caukill, Sarah, Capon, Jacqueline, Fong, Radiance, Loy, Louis, Diment, Matthew, Murray, Madeleine, Ellis, Mairghread, Oldmeadow, Christopher, Carey, Nicola, Stenner, Karen, Gage, Heather, Brown, Jane, Williams, Peter, Moore, Ann, Edwards, Jude, Mold, Freda, Courtenay, Molly, Bray, Alan, Hindmoor, Pamela, Gwynne, Craig, Curran, Sarah, Bridgen, Andy, Fairhurst, Caroline, Adamson, Joy, Martin, Belen Corbacho, Cockayne, Sarah, Hewitt, Catherine, Hicks, Kate, Keenan, Anne-Maree, Loughrey-Green, Lorraine, Menz, Hylton, Redmond, Anthony, Rodgers, Sara, Watson, Jude, Torgerson, David, Hull, Robin, Lamb, Sarah, Vernon, Wesley, Wylie, Gavin, Young, Zoe, Williams, Brian, Sullivan, Frank, Ogston, Simon, Morris, Jacqui, Bowen, Cathy, Kunkel, Dorit, Cole, Mark, Donovan-Hall, Margaret, Pickering, Ruth, Burnett, Malcolm, Bader, Dan, Robison, Judy, Mamode, Louis, Ashburn, Ann, McQueen, Peter, Daniels, Maxine, Doherty, Michael, Arden, Nigel, Dando, Charlotte, Cherry, Lindsey, Stefanou, Nichola, Lamb, Sally, Corbacho, Belen, Alcacer-Pitarch, Begonya, and Buch, Maya
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Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Meeting Abstracts - Abstract
Table of content P3 Medial longitudinal arch development of school children Jasper W.K. Tong, Veni P. Kong P4 Is measuring the subtalar joint reliable? Lily Sze, Susie Gale, John Veto, Carla McArdle P5 Comparison of turning gait biomechanics between able-bodied and unilateral transtibial amputee participants Thanaporn Tunprasert, Victoria Bradley, Siobhan Strike P6 Comparison of walking gait biomechanics between able-bodied and unilateral transtibial amputee participants using a new model of energy-storage-and-return (ESAR) prosthetic Thanaporn Tunprasert, Victoria Bradley, Siobhan Strike P7 An observational study of in-shoe plantar and dorsal pressures of skilled downhill skiers on a dry ski slope Robert Ashford, Roozbeth Naemi, Nachiappan Chocklingam, Xavi de Blasc P8 If the shoe fits: a footwear choice toolkit informed by social science methodologies Lisa Farndon, Vicki Robinson, Emily Nicholls P9 The identification of emotions from gait Tabitha Birch, Ivan Birch P11 Experience of foot problems in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Simon Otter, Sunil Kumar, Peter Gow, Nicola Dalbeth, Michael Corkill, Kevin Davies, Sam Panthakalam, Maheswaran Rohan, Keith Rome P14 Negative pressure wound therapy for the management of foot wounds in the diabetic population: a review of the literature Chloe Egan, Lisa Chandler P15 Lower limb vascular assessment in diabetes: a multifaceted assessment of objective screening techniques Peta Tehan, Vivienne Chuter, Jennifer Sonter, Sean Lanting P16 Improving outcomes for diabetes foot complications Lorna Hicks P17 Acupuncture… an alternative or adjunctive treatment option for diabetes-related neuropathic pain? Christopher Joyce, David Watterson, Caroline McIntosh P18 “My back is in agony” – A cross-sectional study into the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and a whole body postural risk assessment in podiatry students Christopher Joyce, Nigel Roberts P19 Swabs of the treatment couches: Does the material type and texture of podiatric treatment couches increase microorganism contamination? Jacqueline Forss, Chrystalla Charalambous, Jack Kirby, Oluwakemi Ojo P20 Does increased exudate viscosity effect the absorption rate of exudate into four different wound dressings? Jacqueline Forss, Sarah Caukill, Jacqueline Capon, Radiance Fong, Louis Loy P21 An investigation into the microbial load of a 40 °C and 60 °C wash Matthew Diment, Madeleine Murray, Mairghread Ellis, Carla McArdle P23 The sensitivity and specificity of the toe brachial index in detecting peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Peta Tehan, Vivienne Chuter, Christopher Oldmeadow P24 Medicines management activities and non-medical prescribing within podiatry and physiotherapy: an integrative review of the literature Nicola Carey, Karen Stenner, Heather Gage, Jane Brown, Peter Williams, Simon Otter, Ann Moore, Jude Edwards, Freda Mold, Molly Courtenay A7.2 Non-invasive vascular assessment in the foot with Diabetes: Diagnostic accuracy of ankle brachial index, toe brachial index and continuous wave Doppler Peta Tehan, Alan Bray, Vivienne Chuter A7.5 The efficacy of dressings on post nail surgery phenolised wounds Pamela Hindmoor B7.1 Cross-sectional study investigating the role of proximal and distal factors in the development of patellofemoral joint pain Craig Gwynne, Sarah Curran B7.2 Podiatrist’s interpretation and use of evidence in MSK practice Andy Bridgen B7.4 Predictors of falling in older podiatry patients – findings from the REFORM study Caroline Fairhurst, Dr Joy Adamson, Belen Corbacho Martin, Sarah Cockayne, Prof Catherine Hewitt, Kate Hicks, Anne-Maree Keenan, Lorraine Loughrey-Green, Hylton Menz, Anthony Redmond, Sara Rodgers, Jude Watson, David Torgerson, Robin Hull, Sarah Lamb, Caroline McIntosh, Wesley Vernon, Lisa Farndon B7.5 The REFORM study: Insole preference, requirements and compliance of podiatry patient’s aged 65 and over and at risk of falling Lorraine Loughrey-Green, Sarah Cockayne, Anthony Redmond, Anne-Maree Keenan, Sara Rodgers, Lisa Farndon, Wesley Vernon, David Torgerson, Caroline Fairhurst, Jude Watson, Hylton Menz, Sarah Lamb, Robin Hull B7.6 A podiatry intervention to reduce falls in care home residents is feasible and demonstrates benefits: results from PIRFECT, a feasibility randomised controlled trial Gavin Wylie, Zoe Young, Brian Williams, Frank Sullivan, Hylton Menz, Simon Ogston, Jacqui Morris C7.1 A survey exploring footwear habits in people with stroke and people with Parkinson’s Cathy Bowen, Dorit Kunkel, Mark Cole, Margaret Donovan-Hall, Ruth Pickering, Malcolm Burnett, Dan Bader, Judy Robison, Louis Mamode, Ann Ashburn C7.2 Painful foot osteoarthritis; a common symptom in a common pathology? Peter McQueen, Maxine Daniels, Michael Doherty, Nigel Arden, Cathy Bowen C7.4 Clinical diagnosis of symptomatic forefoot neuroma in the general population: Delphi based recommendations Charlotte Dando, Lindsey Cherry, Cathy Bowen C7.5 The development and implementation of a Clinical Quality Improvement Framework suitable for use in community services Nichola Stefanou C7.6 The REFORM study - methodological considerations in running a cohort randomised controlled trial within a podiatry patient caseload Sarah Cockayne, Joy Adamson, Caroline Fairhurst, Catherine Hewitt, Anne-Maree Keenan, Sally Lamb, Lorraine Loughrey-Green, Caroline McIntosh, Hylton Menz, Anthony Redmond, Sara Rodgers, Wesley Vernon, Jude Watson, Lisa Farndon, Belen Corbacho, Robin Hull, David Torgerson A31 Jewel in the crown: Exploring the factors contributing to the development and impact of foot problems in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) Begonya Alcacer-Pitarch, Anthony Redmond, Maya Buch, Anne-Maree Keenan
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- 2016
21. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multifaceted podiatry intervention for falls prevention in older people: a multicentre cohort randomised controlled trial (the REducing Falls with ORthoses and a Multifaceted podiatry intervention trial)
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Cockayne, Sarah, primary, Rodgers, Sara, additional, Green, Lorraine, additional, Fairhurst, Caroline, additional, Adamson, Joy, additional, Scantlebury, Arabella, additional, Corbacho, Belen, additional, Hewitt, Catherine E, additional, Hicks, Kate, additional, Hull, Robin, additional, Keenan, Anne-Maree, additional, Lamb, Sarah E, additional, McIntosh, Caroline, additional, Menz, Hylton B, additional, Redmond, Anthony, additional, Richardson, Zoe, additional, Vernon, Wesley, additional, Watson, Judith, additional, and Torgerson, David J, additional
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- 2017
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22. Abstracts from The College of Podiatry Annual Conference 2016
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Ingram, John, primary, Cawley, Scott, additional, Jones, Angela, additional, Coulman, Elinor, additional, Gregory, Clive, additional, Pickles, Tim, additional, Kei, Him Shun Hinson, additional, Fletcher, Paul, additional, Curran, Mike, additional, Prior, Trevor, additional, Formosa, Cynthia, additional, Otter, Simon, additional, Rome, Keith, additional, Gow, Peter, additional, Dalbeth, Nicola, additional, Rohan, Maheswaran, additional, Stewart, Sarah, additional, Aiyer, Ashok, additional, Glasser, Sam, additional, Paton, Joanne, additional, Collings, Richard, additional, Marsden, Jonathan, additional, Torgerson, David, additional, Cockayne, Sarah, additional, Rodgers, Sara, additional, Green, Lorraine, additional, Fairhurst, Caroline, additional, Adamson, Joy, additional, Clark, Arabella, additional, Corbacho, Belen, additional, Hewitt, Catherine, additional, Hicks, Kate, additional, Hull, Robin, additional, Keenan, Anne-Maree, additional, Lamb, Sarah, additional, Menz, Hylton, additional, Redmond, Anthony, additional, Richardson, Zoe, additional, Vernon, Wesley, additional, Watson, Judith, additional, Farndon, Lisa, additional, Clarke, Arabella, additional, McIntosh, Caroline, additional, Mizzi, Stephen, additional, Cutajar, Lucianne, additional, Mizzi, Annabelle, additional, Falzon, Owen, additional, Swaine, Ian, additional, Springett, Kate, additional, Bachand, Andrea, additional, Avison, Ben, additional, Leitch, Jessica, additional, Scott, Jennifer, additional, Hendry, Gordon, additional, Locke, Jackie, additional, McArdle, Carla, additional, Lagan, Katie, additional, McDowell, David, additional, Kaminski, Michelle, additional, Raspovic, Anita, additional, McMahon, Lawrence, additional, Lambert, Katrina, additional, Erbas, Bircan, additional, Mount, Peter, additional, Kerr, Peter, additional, Landorf, Karl, additional, Mamode, Louis, additional, Bowen, Catherine, additional, Burnett, Malcolm, additional, Gates, Lucy, additional, Ashburn, Ann, additional, Cole, Mark, additional, Donovan-Hall, Margaret, additional, Pickering, Ruth, additional, Bader, Dan, additional, Robison, Judy, additional, Kunkel, Dorit, additional, Al Bimani, Saed, additional, Warner, Martin, additional, Murchie, Jane, additional, Hannigan, Rachel, additional, Ellis, Mairghread, additional, Patience, Aimie, additional, Slater, Sophie, additional, Wallace, Kirsten, additional, Edwards, Katherine, additional, Borthwick, Alan M., additional, McCulloch, Louise, additional, Redmond, Anthony C., additional, Pinedo-Villanueva, Rafael, additional, Arden, Nigel K., additional, Bowen, Catherine J., additional, Siddle, Heidi, additional, Mandl, Peter, additional, Aletaha, Daniel, additional, Vlieland, Thea Vliet, additional, Backhaus, Marina, additional, Cornell, Patricia, additional, D’Agostino, Maria Antonietta, additional, Ellegaard, Karen, additional, Iagnocco, Annamaria, additional, Jakobsen, Bente, additional, Jasinski, Tiina, additional, Kildal, Nina, additional, Lehner, Michaela, additional, Moller, Ingrid, additional, Supp, Gabriela, additional, O’Connor, Philip, additional, Naredo, Esperanza, additional, and Wakefield, Richard, additional
- Published
- 2017
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23. Optimising Wellbeing in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers.
- Author
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McIntosh, Caroline, Ivory, John D., Gethin, Georgina, and MacGilchrist, Claire
- Abstract
Background Living with diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) can have a significant impact on a person's physical and psychological health. Clinicians involved in the treatment of DFU patients should possess sufficient knowledge and understanding of the total impact of living with a DFU, including an awareness of an individual's wellbeing. Aim To provide an overview of the current literature with regard to wellbeing in patients affected by DFU by considering current outcome measures used to assess domains of wellbeing in this population. Findings The psychological, physical, spiritual, and cultural domains of wellbeing all impact an individual's overall wellbeing. There is no one standardised tool available that assesses all four domains of wellbeing specific to those with DFU. It is important for clinicians to be aware that all members of the multidisciplinary team have a responsibility to consider the importance of wellbeing assessment and to be mindful of suggested approaches. Conclusions There is a need for a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess overall wellbeing in people living with DFU. Implications for clinical practice This review highlights the importance of the inclusion of wellbeing assessment in optimising wound care for individuals with DFU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
24. Fabrication and Characterization of Micromachined Rectangular Waveguide Components for Use at Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Frequencies
- Author
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Digby, John W., McIntosh, Caroline E., Parkhurst, Geoff M., Towlson, Brian M., Hadjiloucas, Silas, Bowen, John W., Chamberlain, J. Martyn, Pollard, Roger D., Miles, Robert E., Steenson, D. Paul, Karatzas, Lucas S., Cronin, Nigel J., and Davies, Steve R.
- Subjects
Waveguides -- Equipment and supplies ,Lithography, Electron beam -- Usage ,Business ,Computers ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
The fabrication and characterization of micro-machined reduced-height air-filled rectangular waveguide components suitable for integration is reported in this paper. The lithographic technique used permits structures with heights of up to 100 [micro] m to be successfully constructed in a repeatable manner. Waveguide S-parameter measurements at frequencies between 75-110 GHz using a vector network analyzer demonstrate low loss propagation in the [TE.sub.10] mode reaching 0.2 dB per wavelength. Scanning electron microscope photographs of conventional and micromachined waveguides show that the fabrication technique can provide a superior surface finish than possible with commercially available components. In order to circumvent problems in efficiently coupling free-space propagating beams to the reduced-height G-band waveguides, as well as to characterize them using quasi-optical techniques, a novel integrated micromachined slotted horn antenna has been designed and fabricated. E-, H-, and D-plane far-field antenna pattern measurements at different frequencies using a quasi-optical setup show that the fabricated structures are optimized for 180-GHz operation with an E-plane half-power beamwidth of 32 [degrees] elevated 35 [degrees] above the substrate, a symmetrical H-plane pattern with a half-power beamwidth of 23 [degrees] and a maximum D-plane cross-polar level of -33 dB. Far-field pattern simulations using HFSS show good agreement with experimental results.
- Published
- 2000
25. Implementation of blinded outcome assessment in the Effective Verruca Treatments trial (EverT) – lessons learned
- Author
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Cockayne, Sarah, primary, Hewitt, Catherine, additional, Hashmi, Farina, additional, Hicks, Kate, additional, Concannon, Michael, additional, McIntosh, Caroline, additional, Thomas, Kim, additional, Hall, Jill, additional, Watson, Judith, additional, Torgerson, David, additional, and Watt, Ian, additional
- Published
- 2016
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26. Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): A randomised controlled trial
- Author
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McIntosh, Caroline and ~
- Subjects
virus diseases ,Podiatry - Abstract
Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. Design A multicentre, open, two arm randomised controlled trial. Setting University podiatry school clinics, NHS podiatry clinics, and primary care in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Participants 240 patients aged 12 years and over, with a plantar wart that in the opinion of the healthcare professional was suitable for treatment with both cryotherapy and salicylic acid. Interventions Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen delivered by a healthcare professional, up to four treatments two to three weeks apart. Patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid (Verrugon) daily up to a maximum of eight weeks. Main outcome measures Complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were (a) complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks controlling for age, whether the wart had been treated previously, and type of wart, (b) patient self reported clearance of plantar warts at six months, (c) time to clearance of plantar wart, (d) number of plantar warts at 12 weeks, and (e) patient satisfaction with the treatment. Results There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in the proportions of participants with complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks (17/119 (14%) v 15/110 (14%), difference 0.65% (95% CI ¿8.33 to 9.63), P=0.89). The results did not change when the analysis was repeated but with adjustment for age, whether the wart had been treated previously, and type of plantar wart or for patients¿ preferences at baseline. There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in self reported clearance of plantar warts at six months (29/95 (31%) v 33/98 (34%), difference ¿3.15% (¿16.31 to 10.02), P=0.64) or in time to clearance (hazard ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.25), P=0.33). There was also no evidence of a difference in the number of plantar warts at 12 weeks (incident rate ratio 1.08 (0.81 to 1.43), P=0.62). Conclusions Salicylic acid and the cryotherapy were equally effective for clearance of plantar warts. UK National Institute for Health Research peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2011
27. The REFORM study protocol: a cohort randomised controlled trial of a multifaceted podiatry intervention for the prevention of falls in older people
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Cockayne, Sarah, primary, Adamson, Joy, additional, Corbacho Martin, Belen, additional, Fairhurst, Caroline, additional, Hewitt, Catherine, additional, Hicks, Kate, additional, Hull, Robin, additional, Keenan, Anne Maree, additional, Lamb, Sarah E, additional, Loughrey, Lorraine, additional, McIntosh, Caroline, additional, Menz, Hylton B, additional, Redmond, Anthony C, additional, Rodgers, Sara, additional, Vernon, Wesley, additional, Watson, Judith, additional, and Torgerson, David, additional
- Published
- 2014
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28. Diabetic foot ulceration with osteomyelitis: the importance of early detection
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Tranter, Jennifer and McIntosh, Caroline
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R1 ,RD - Abstract
This case study explores the\ud management of a chronic diabetic\ud foot ulcer complicated by severe\ud soft tissue infection (cellulitis) and\ud bony infection (osteomyelitis) in a\ud patient with type 2 diabetes.
- Published
- 2008
29. Neuropathy - gait changes in the diabetic foot
- Author
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Newton, Veronica and McIntosh, Caroline
- Subjects
fungi ,food and beverages ,sense organs ,R1 - Abstract
Motor neuropathy in patients with diabetes can lead to weakness in the muscles of the foot and lower leg, which in turn can lead to characteristic changes to the structure of the foot, such as an altered arch profile. Such structural changes often occur at sites of abnormally high pressure, which can result in tissue breakdown and ulceration particularly in individuals who also have sensory neuropathy.
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- 2008
30. Improving education with CD-ROM based learning
- Author
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McIntosh, Caroline and Ousey, Karen
- Subjects
QA75 ,L1 - Abstract
Background: Nurses and podiatrists are frequently involved in the management of complex wounds, however, despite evidence demonstrating the benefits of interprofessional working, there is often little collaboration between these professions when caring for patients with wounds. This partly stems from a lack of awareness of each other’s roles as well as inconsistent educational strategies. The University of Huddersfield has started to address this issue by developing an interprofessional strand to undergraduate wound care education. Aim: To develop an IT-based learning resource to convey evidence-based concepts in wound care to pre-registration, undergraduate nursing and podiatry students. Method: A CD-ROM has been developed utilising a problem-based learning format bringing theory to life with the use of case scenarios centred on the management of common wounds.Conclusion: This initiative aims to introduce an IT resource to pre-registration nursing and podiatry students to encourage them to embrace evidencebased concepts, appreciate the importance of an interprofessional approach and be better prepared for independent practice. Conflict of interest: None
- Published
- 2006
31. Cohort Randomised Controlled Trial of a Multifaceted Podiatry Intervention for the Prevention of Falls in Older People (The REFORM Trial).
- Author
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Cockayne, Sarah, Adamson, Joy, Clarke, Arabella, Corbacho, Belen, Fairhurst, Caroline, Green, Lorraine, Hewitt, Catherine E., Hicks, Kate, Kenan, Anne-Maree, Lamb, Sarah E., McIntosh, Caroline, Menz, Hylton B., Redmond, Anthony C., Richardson, Zoe, Rodgers, Sara, Vernon, Wesley, Watson, Judith, Torgerson, David J., and null, null
- Subjects
PODIATRY ,RISK factors of accidental falls in old age ,QUALITY of life ,COST effectiveness ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Background: Falls are a major cause of morbidity among older people. A multifaceted podiatry intervention may reduce the risk of falling. This study evaluated such an intervention. Design: Pragmatic cohort randomised controlled trial in England and Ireland. 1010 participants were randomised (493 to the Intervention group and 517 to Usual Care) to either: a podiatry intervention, including foot and ankle exercises, foot orthoses and, if required, new footwear, and a falls prevention leaflet or usual podiatry treatment plus a falls prevention leaflet. The primary outcome was the incidence rate of self-reported falls per participant in the 12 months following randomisation. Secondary outcomes included: proportion of fallers and those reporting multiple falls, time to first fall, fear of falling, Frenchay Activities Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, foot pain, health related quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Results: In the primary analysis were 484 (98.2%) intervention and 507 (98.1%) control participants. There was a small, non statistically significant reduction in the incidence rate of falls in the intervention group (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.05, p = 0.16). The proportion of participants experiencing a fall was lower (49.7 vs 54.9%, adjusted odds ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.00, p = 0.05) as was the proportion experiencing two or more falls (27.6% vs 34.6%, adjusted odds ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.90, p = 0.01). There was an increase (p = 0.02) in foot pain for the intervention group. There were no statistically significant differences in other outcomes. The intervention was more costly but marginally more beneficial in terms of health-related quality of life (mean quality adjusted life year (QALY) difference 0.0129, 95% CI -0.0050 to 0.0314) and had a 65% probability of being cost-effective at a threshold of £30,000 per QALY gained. Conclusion: There was a small reduction in falls. The intervention may be cost-effective. Trial Registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN68240461 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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32. The reform study: a cohort multiple randomised controlled trial
- Author
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Cockayne, Sarah, primary, Adamson, Joy, additional, Hewitt, Catherine, additional, Hull, Robin, additional, Keenan, Anne-Maree, additional, Redmond, Antony, additional, Lamb, Sallie, additional, McIntosh, Caroline, additional, Menz, Hylton, additional, Vernon, Wesley, additional, Watson, Judith, additional, and Torgerson, David, additional
- Published
- 2013
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33. The effect of patients' preference on outcome in the EVerT cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verruca) trial.
- Author
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Cockayne, Sarah, Hicks, Kate, Kangombe, Arthur R., Hewitt, Catherine, Concannon, Michael, Thomas, Kim, Hashmi, Farina, Mcintosh, Caroline, Brierley, Gwen, Torgerson, David, and Watt, Ian
- Subjects
PLANTAR warts ,COLD therapy ,FISHER exact test ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,SALICYLIC acid ,STATISTICAL sampling ,STATISTICS ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Randomised controlled trials are widely accepted as the gold standard method to evaluate medical interventions, but they are still open to bias. One such bias is the effect of patient's preference on outcome measures. The aims of this study were to examine whether patients' treatment preference affected clearance of plantar warts and explore whether there were any associations between patients' treatment preference and baseline variables in the EverT trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
34. Launch of the Alliance for Research and Innovation in Wounds.
- Author
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Gethin, Georgina, Coyne, Peter, and McIntosh, Caroline
- Published
- 2017
35. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in Community and Primary Care Settings: A Scoping Review.
- Author
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Canty, Emma, MacGilchrist, Claire, Tawfick, Wael, and McIntosh, Caroline
- Subjects
- *
ATRIAL fibrillation , *PRIMARY care , *ADULTS , *OLDER people , *COMMUNITIES , *MEDICAL screening - Abstract
Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia and is associated with increased risk of stroke, morbidity and mortality. AF is responsible for up to a quarter of all strokes and is often asymptomatic until a stroke occurs. Screening for AF is a valuable approach to reduce the burden of stroke in the population. Objectives:The motivation for this review was to synthesise and appraise the evidence for screening for AF in the community. The aims of this scoping review are 1). To describe the prevalence of newly diagnosed AF in screening programmes 2). Identify which techniques/ tools are employed for AF screening 3). To describe the setting and personnel involved in screening for AF. Eligibility Criteria: All forms of AF screening in adults (=18 years) in primary and community care settings. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Results:Fifty-nine papers were included; most were cross-sectional studies (n=41) and RCTs (n=7). Prevalence of AF ranged from 0-34.5%. Screening tools and techniques included the 12-lead ECG (n=33), the 1-lead ECG smartphone based Alivecor® (n=14) and pulse palpation (n=12). Studies were undertaken in community settings (n=30) or in urban/rural primary care (n=28). Personnel collecting research data were in the main members of the research team (n=31), GPs (n=16), practice nurses (n=10), participants (n=8) and pharmacists (n=4). Conclusion: Prevalence of AF increased with advancing age. AF screening should target individuals at greatest risk of the condition including older adults =65 years of age. Emerging novel technologies may increase the accessibility of AF screening in community and home settings. There is a need for high quality research to investigate AF prevalence and establish accuracy and validity for traditional versus novel screening tools used to screen for AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
36. The effectiveness of pilates in preventing falls in healthy older adults
- Author
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Donatoni da Silva, Larissa, Shiel, Agnes, McIntosh, Caroline, Science Without Borders, and National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education-CAPES- Brazilian government
- Subjects
Pilates, fall prevention, older adults, gait, balance ,Occupational Therapy ,Health Sciences ,balance ,Pilates ,gait ,older adults ,fall prevention ,Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences - Abstract
Falls are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults and evidence suggests that fall rates are rapidly increasing likely due to an aging population, which is placing a significant financial burden on health care systems across the world. Falls present one of the highest risks for the older population and many factors contribute to the increased risk of falls and fear of falling in older adults, such as reduced physical activity and mobility, decreased muscle mass and balance and lack of walking. Rehabilitation and falls prevention exercises are required to help older adults improve their mobility and independence. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a Pilates intervention, that included a supplementary home-based exercise programme, to decrease the risk of falls in healthy older adults in Ireland. A systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was carried out. A PICOS approach was adopted to set the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluate the outcome measures: mobility, functional mobility, fear of falling, gait, postural balance and the number of falls during the Pilates intervention programme. Twelve randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of Pilates interventions, including comparisons with control groups and other forms of exercise were included. Overall, there were 702 participants, with 308 allocated to Pilates groups, 316 to control groups and 78 to a three-arm exercise group. Pilates showed an effect in postural stability in the mediolateral sway comparison to control groups (MD = -1.77, 95% CI, -2.84 to -0.70, p = 0.001, heterogeneity: I² = 3%), mobility (MD = 9.23, 95% CI, 5.74 to 12.73, p < 0.00001, 15 heterogeneity: I² = 75%) and fear of falling (MD = -8.61, 95% CI, -10.16 to -7.07, p < 0.00001, heterogeneity: I² = 88%). In relation to other exercises group, Pilates showed positive effects in functional mobility (MD= -1.21, 95% CI, -2.30 to -0.11, p = 0.03, heterogeneity: I² = 80%), mobility (MD = 3.25, 95% CI, 1.46 to 5.04, p < 0.0004, heterogeneity: I² = 0%). The first and the second studies that are included in this thesis describe the mat Pilates intervention, including the supplementary 6-week home-based exercise programme, with the pre- and post-intervention testing. The first study examined the feasibility of a Pilates intervention for healthy older adults using the following outcomes: functional mobility, mobility, fear of falling, physical activity, postural balance and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait for six participants. Exploratory results were reported of the 6-week intervention. The second study, a cohort study, used snowballing to recruit participants. With 32 eligible participants included in the study. The results participants with previous experienced of Pilates suggests that functional mobility (p < 0.001), mobility (p < 0.001), gait velocity (p = 0.022), swing time (p = 0.049), stance time (p = 0.013) and double support time (p = 0.040). Postural stability in the mediolateral (p = 0.025) and anteroposterior sway (p = 0.037), and Physical activity (p = 0.017) were positively affected after the 6-week mat Pilates intervention. The third study of this thesis reports on the prospective, open-label randomised crossover study. This third study was carried out over a 7-month period, with a one-month washout period. Volunteer participants (n = 61) were randomly assigned to Group 1 (Control-Pilates) or Group 2 (Pilates-Control) for twelve weeks. The Pilates intervention included accessories and supplementary home-based exercises. The primary outcome measures were gait velocity, the postural stability parameter of mediolateral sway and fear of falling. The secondary outcome measures included cadence, stride length, step length, stance time, swing time, step time, double support time of gait, the postural stability parameter of anteroposterior sway, functional mobility, mobility and physical activity. The results of this twelve-week Pilates intervention indicated that Pilates had an effects in functional mobility (p = 0.002), mobility (p = 0.001), postural stability in the mediolateral sway (p = 0.040) and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait: cadence (p = 0.019), step time (p = 0.028), stance time (p = 0.012), and double support time (p = 0.031). In conclusion, the Pilates interventions were found to improve functional mobility, mobility, gait, fear of falling and postural stability for the meta-analysis. The results of six- and 12-week Pilates intervention indicated that Pilates may reduce the risk of falls and suggests that Pilates interventions for healthy older people may change their functional mobility, mobility, postural stability and spatiotemporal parameters of gait. However, high-quality RCTs that include the number of falls during the intervention program and participants with and a without history of falls still needed. Further, Pilates intervention programmes with longer follow-up periods are required.
- Published
- 2021
37. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in Community and Primary CareSettings: A Scoping Review.
- Author
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Canty E, MacGilchrist C, Tawfick W, and McIntosh C
- Abstract
Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia and is associated with increased risk of stroke, morbidity and mortality. AF is responsible for up to a quarter of all strokes and is often asymptomatic until a stroke occurs.Screening for AF is a valuable approach to reduce the burden of stroke in the population., Objectives: The motivation for this review was to synthesise and appraise the evidence for screening for AF in the community. The aims of this scoping review are 1). To describe the prevalence of newly diagnosed AF in screening programmes 2). Identify which techniques/ tools are employed for AF screening 3). To describe the setting and personnel involved in screening for AF., Eligibility Criteria: All forms of AF screening in adults (≥18 years) in primary and community care settings., Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR)., Results: Fifty-nine papers were included; most were cross-sectional studies (n=41) and RCTs (n=7). Prevalence of AF ranged from 0-34.5%. Screening tools and techniquesincluded the 12-lead ECG (n=33), the 1-lead ECG smartphone based Alivecor® (n=14) and pulse palpation (n=12). Studies were undertaken in community settings (n=30) or in urban/rural primary care (n=28). Personnel collecting research data were in the main members of the research team (n=31), GPs (n=16), practice nurses (n=10), participants (n=8) and pharmacists (n=4)., Conclusion: Prevalence of AF increased with advancing age. AF screening should target individuals at greatest risk of the condition including older adults≥65 years of age. Emerging novel technologies may increase the accessibility of AF screening in community and home settings. There is a need for high quality research to investigate AF prevalence and establish accuracy and validity for traditional versus novel screening tools used to screen for AF.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Psychological interventions for treating foot ulcers, and preventing their recurrence, in people with diabetes.
- Author
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McGloin H, Devane D, McIntosh CD, Winkley K, and Gethin G
- Subjects
- Amputation, Surgical, Bandages, Humans, Psychosocial Intervention, Wound Healing, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Foot therapy
- Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) can be defined as a full-thickness wound below the ankle and is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Despite best practice, many wounds fail to heal, and when they do, the risk of recurrence of DFU remains high. Beliefs about personal control, or influence, on ulceration are associated with better engagement with self-care in DFU. Psychological interventions aim to reduce levels of psychological distress and empower people to engage in self-care, and there is some evidence to suggest that they can impact positively on the rate of wound healing., Objectives: To evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on healing and recurrence of DFU., Search Methods: In September 2019, we searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid MEDLINE (including In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations), Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycINFO and EBSCO CINAHL Plus. We also searched clinical trials registries for ongoing and unpublished studies, and reviewed reference lists of relevant included studies as well as reviews, meta-analyses and health technology reports to identify additional studies. There were no restrictions with respect to language, date of publication or study setting., Selection Criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that evaluated psychological interventions compared with standard care, education or another psychological intervention. Our primary outcomes were the proportion of wounds completely healed; time to complete wound healing; time to recurrence and number of recurrences., Data Collection and Analysis: Four review authors independently screened titles and abstracts of the studies identified by the search strategy for eligibility. Three authors independently screened all potentially relevant studies using the inclusion criteria and carried out data extraction, assessment of risk of bias and GRADE assessment of the certainty of the evidence., Main Results: We identified seven trials that met the inclusion criteria with a total of 290 participants: six RCTs and one quasi-RCT. The studies were conducted in Australia, the USA, the UK, Indonesia, Norway and South Africa. Three trials used a counselling-style intervention and one assessed an intervention designed to enhance an understanding of well-being. One RCT used a biofeedback relaxation training intervention and one used a psychosocial intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy. A quasi-RCT assessed motivation and tailored the intervention accordingly. Due to the heterogeneity of the trials identified, pooling of data was judged inappropriate, and we therefore present a narrative synthesis. Comparisons were (1) psychological intervention compared with standard care and (2) psychological intervention compared with another psychological intervention. We are uncertain whether there is a difference between psychological intervention and standard care for people with diabetic foot ulceration in the proportion of wounds completely healed (two trials, data not pooled, first trial RR 6.25, 95% CI 0.35 to 112.5; 16 participants, second trial RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.39; 60 participants), in foot ulcer recurrence after one year (two trials, data not pooled, first trial RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.41; 41 participants, second trial RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.05 to 7.90; 13 participants) or in health-related quality of life (one trial, MD 5.52, 95% CI -5.80 to 16.84; 56 participants). This is based on very low-certainty evidence which we downgraded for very serious study limitations, risk of bias and imprecision. We are uncertain whether there is a difference in the proportion of wounds completely healed in people with diabetic foot ulceration depending on whether they receive a psychological intervention compared with another psychological intervention (one trial, RR 2.33, 95% CI 0.92 to 5.93; 16 participants). This is based on very low-certainty evidence from one study which we downgraded for very serious study limitations, risk of bias and imprecision. Time to complete wound healing was reported in two studies but not in a way that was suitable for inclusion in this review. One trial reported self-efficacy and two trials reported quality of life, but only one reported quality of life in a manner that enabled us to extract data for this review. No studies explored the other primary outcome (time to recurrence) or secondary outcomes (amputations (major or distal) or cost)., Authors' Conclusions: We are unable to determine whether psychological interventions are of any benefit to people with an active diabetic foot ulcer or a history of diabetic foot ulcers to achieve complete wound healing or prevent recurrence. This is because there are few trials of psychological interventions in this area. Of the trials we included, few measured all of our outcomes of interest and, where they did so, we judged the evidence, using GRADE criteria, to be of very low certainty., (Copyright © 2021 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial.
- Author
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Cockayne S, Hewitt C, Hicks K, Jayakody S, Kang'ombe AR, Stamuli E, Turner G, Thomas K, Curran M, Denby G, Hashmi F, McIntosh C, McLarnon N, Torgerson D, and Watt I
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Salicylic Acid administration & dosage, State Medicine, Treatment Outcome, United Kingdom, Warts drug therapy, Cryotherapy, Salicylic Acid therapeutic use, Warts therapy
- Abstract
Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts., Design: A multicentre, open, two arm randomised controlled trial., Setting: University podiatry school clinics, NHS podiatry clinics, and primary care in England, Scotland, and Ireland., Participants: 240 patients aged 12 years and over, with a plantar wart that in the opinion of the healthcare professional was suitable for treatment with both cryotherapy and salicylic acid., Interventions: Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen delivered by a healthcare professional, up to four treatments two to three weeks apart. Patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid (Verrugon) daily up to a maximum of eight weeks., Main Outcome Measures: Complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were (a) complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks controlling for age, whether the wart had been treated previously, and type of wart, (b) patient self reported clearance of plantar warts at six months, (c) time to clearance of plantar wart, (d) number of plantar warts at 12 weeks, and (e) patient satisfaction with the treatment., Results: There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in the proportions of participants with complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks (17/119 (14%) v 15/110 (14%), difference 0.65% (95% CI -8.33 to 9.63), P=0.89). The results did not change when the analysis was repeated but with adjustment for age, whether the wart had been treated previously, and type of plantar wart or for patients' preferences at baseline. There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in self reported clearance of plantar warts at six months (29/95 (31%) v 33/98 (34%), difference -3.15% (-16.31 to 10.02), P=0.64) or in time to clearance (hazard ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.25), P=0.33). There was also no evidence of a difference in the number of plantar warts at 12 weeks (incident rate ratio 1.08 (0.81 to 1.43), P=0.62)., Conclusions: Salicylic acid and the cryotherapy were equally effective for clearance of plantar warts., Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN18994246, National Research Register N0484189151.
- Published
- 2011
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