45 results on '"Mandrioli R."'
Search Results
2. Power Electronic Circuits for Electric Drives and Renewable Energy Sources
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Loncarski J., Boström C., Mandrioli R., Loncarski J., Boström C., and Mandrioli R.
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- 2022
3. Il significato di ammonoidi, conodonti, e bivalvi come fossili guida per il Triassico: analisi del potere di risoluzione in due intervalli critici del Triassico medio e superiore
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Carnevale, M., Curti, A., De Vita, D., Mandrioli, R., Nicora, A., and Balini, M.
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Settore GEO/01 - Paleontologia e Paleoecologia ,Settore GEO/02 - Geologia Stratigrafica e Sedimentologica - Published
- 2013
4. Fluorimetric Determination of Aluminum Traces in Hemodialysis Solutions Using Mordant Red 19
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Raggi, M.A., primary, Sabbioni, C., additional, Mandrioli, R., additional, Zini, Q., additional, and Forti, G. Cantelli, additional
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- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Fluorimetric determination of aluminum traces in hemodialysis solutions using Mordant Red 19
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Mandrioli R, Q. Zini, Giorgio Cantelli Forti, Meri Raggi, and Cesare Sabbioni
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inorganic chemicals ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Analytical chemistry ,Fluorescence spectrometry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Toxicology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Analytical Chemistry ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,Hemodialysis Solutions ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Aluminium ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Fluorometry ,Derivatization ,Detection limit ,Chemical Health and Safety ,Temperature ,Reproducibility of Results ,Mordant ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,chemistry ,Reagent ,Calibration ,Pyrazoles ,Azo Compounds ,Aluminum - Abstract
A sensitive and accurate method for the spectrofluorimetric determination of trace levels of aluminum in hemodialysis solutions using Mordant Red 19 as the complexation reagent has been developed. The optimal experimental conditions for the concentration of fluorimetric reagent, pH, temperature, and the specific type of matrix are reported. The emission of the fluorescent metal chelate was measured at 555 nm, excitation at 478 nm. Linearity between emission intensity and aluminum concentration was found in the 2-20 ppb range in standard aluminum solutions. Limit of detection was 0.4 ppb. The aluminum amounts in some commercial hemodialysis solutions were determined by means of the extrapolation method. The proposed method proved to be suitable in terms of sensitivity and accuracy for the determination of aluminum in dialysis fluids.
6. A Novel MIMO Control for Interleaved Buck Converters in EV DC Fast Charging Applications
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Lorenzo Ntogramatzidis, Stefania Cuoghi, Mattia Ricco, Riccardo Mandrioli, Gabriele Grandi, Ntogramatzidis L., Cuoghi S., Ricco M., Mandrioli R., and Grandi G.
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Control and Systems Engineering ,Buck converter ,Voltage control ,Legged locomotion ,MIMO communication ,multiple input multiple output (MIMO) control ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Control system ,electric vehicle (EV) ,Matrix converter ,Batterie ,hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) ,interleaved converter - Abstract
This brief proposes a new multiple input multiple output (MIMO) control for off-board electric vehicle (EV) dc fast chargers. The proposed feedback matrix design avoids multiple tuning of controllers in multiple and interconnected loops while improving the performance of interleaved dc buck converters over classical PI/PID controls. The innovative features of the presented strategy are the reference current monotonic tracking from any initial state of charge with an arbitrarily fast settling time and the fast compensation of both load variations and imbalances among the legs. Numerical results validate the performance improvements of the proposed discrete-time MIMO algorithm for interleaved buck converters over classical PI/PID controls. Full-scale hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and scaled-down prototype experimental results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposal.
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- 2023
7. Variable Switching Frequency PWM for Three-Phase Four-Wire Split-Capacitor Inverter Performance Enhancement
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Gabriele Grandi, Manel Hammami, Aleksandr Viatkin, Riccardo Mandrioli, Mattia Ricco, Mandrioli R., Viatkin A., Hammami M., Ricco M., and Grandi G.
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Computer science ,Ripple ,Current ripple ,switching lo ,Power factor ,AC power ,law.invention ,Capacitor ,three-phase split-capacitor inverter ,Three-phase ,Control theory ,law ,Harmonic ,Inverter ,variable switching frequency PWM ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Pulse-width modulation - Abstract
Three-phase, four-wire, split-capacitor inverters, thanks to their capability to deal with unbalanced systems, are currently employed in photovoltaic installations, electric vehicles battery chargers, active power filters, and many other grid-tied applications. The minimization of ac output current ripple and switching losses positively impacts the inverter's efficiency, volume, weight, and cost optimization. For this reason, a novel variable switching frequency driving strategy independently tunable on each phase is proposed in this article. Taking advantage of phase current ripple prediction, a proper variable switching frequency strategy is applied for obtaining a flat current ripple profile. Having tuned the driving strategy parameters, it is possible to optimize and compare individual metrics such as the maximum peak-to-peak value of the current ripple, current ripple rms, average switching frequency, and switching losses. By applying the proposed modulation method, a significant inverter performance enhancement has been obtained. Converter efficiency is improved without introducing detrimental effects on the current harmonic quality. Analytical derivations are expressed as a modulating index function and the power factor for balanced and unbalanced systems. All the theoretical developments are verified throughout numerical simulations and experimental tests.
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- 2021
8. A Novel Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Interleaved Half-Bridge Submodules
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Gabriele Grandi, Remus Teodorescu, Mattia Ricco, Aleksandr Viatkin, Riccardo Mandrioli, Tamas Kerekes, Viatkin A., Ricco M., Mandrioli R., Kerekes T., Teodorescu R., and Grandi G.
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Interleaving ,Computer science ,Topology (electrical circuits) ,Multilevel converter ,Topology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Modularity (networks) ,business.industry ,pulse width modulation ,electric vehicle ,Voltage ,Capacitor ,Modular design ,Inductor ,Standard ,Power (physics) ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Scalability ,Legged locomotion ,charging station ,interleaved ,business ,Pulse-width modulation ,modular multilevel converters (MMC) - Abstract
A new Modular Multilevel Converter with Interleaved half-bridge Sub-Modules (ISM-MMC) is proposed in this paper. The ISM-MMC exhibits a higher modularity and scalability in terms of current ratings with respect to a conventional MMC, while preserves the typical voltage level adaptiveness. The ISM-MMC brings the known advantages of classical MMC to low-voltage, high-current applications making it a novel candidate for the sector of ultra-fast chargers for all types of electrical vehicles (EV). This advanced topology makes it possible to easily reach charging power of the EV charging system up to 4.5 MW and beyond with low-voltage supply. To operate the new converter, a hybrid modulation scheme that helps to exploit advantages of the interleaving scheme, is implemented, and explained in this paper. It has been verified that the typical MMC control methods are still applicable for ISM-MMC. A comparative study between classical MMC and ISM-MMC configurations in terms of output characteristics and efficiency is also given. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the number of ac voltage levels is synthetically multiplied by the number of interleaved half- bridge legs in submodules. Simulations, Hardware-in-the-Loop and Experimental tests are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed topology and implemented modulation scheme.
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- 2022
9. Sensorless Current Balancing Control for Interleaved Half-Bridge Submodules in Modular Multilevel Converters
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Aleksandr Viatkin, Mattia Ricco, Riccardo Mandrioli, Tamas Kerekes, Remus Teodorescu, Gabriele Grandi, Viatkin A., Ricco M., Mandrioli R., Kerekes T., Teodorescu R., and Grandi G.
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modular multilevel converter ,capacitor voltage balancing ,interleaved half-bridge submodule ,Capacitor ,Inductor ,Observer ,Pulse width modulation ,Topology ,current sharing ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Voltage control ,Legged locomotion ,sensorless current balancing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,interleaved converter - Abstract
A new state observer-based current balancing method for Modular Multilevel Converters with Interleaved half-bridge Sub-Modules (ISM-MMC) is presented in this paper. The developed observer allows estimating currents through interleaved half-bridge legs in each submodule of ISM-MMC basing only on arm current and submodules capacitor voltage measurements. Then, the interleaved current balancing control uses the estimated currents to reduce the interleaved currents imbalance caused by upstream control actions. This technique minimizes the number of required current sensors in ISM-MMC, thereby reducing the converter's cost, weight, and volume. Capabilities of the proposed sensorless interleaved currents balancing control has been tested against standard parameter tolerances of the composing passive elements. In addition to that, a novel capacitor voltage balancing strategy for MMCs is developed. The new algorithm contains main advantages of the classical sorting-based capacitor voltage balancing methods while provides an opportunity to decouple two balancing tasks of ISM-MMC, namely capacitor voltage and interleaved legs current balancing. The feasibility of the proposed methods is verified by extensive simulation and experimental tests on a laboratory prototype by the corresponding system response under the output characteristics variation and interleaved current control perturbation.
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- 2022
10. Catenary-Powered Electric Traction Network Modeling: A Data-Driven Analysis for Trolleybus System Simulation
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Rudolf Francesco Palumbo Paternost, Riccardo Barbone, Mattia Ricco, Gabriele Grandi, Riccardo Mandrioli, VINCENZO CIRIMELE, Paternost R.F., Mandrioli R., Barbone R., Ricco M., Cirimele V., and Grandi G.
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urban transportation systems ,Automotive Engineering ,in-motion-charging trolleybuse ,DC network ,smart trolleybuses systems ,DC networks ,in-motion-charging trolleybuses ,smart trolleybuses system - Abstract
In the context of smart cities, direct current overhead contact lines, usually adopted to power urban transportation systems such as trolleybuses, tramways, metros, and railways, can serve as a backbone to connect different modern emerging technologies. Among these, in-motion charging (IMC) trolleybuses with on-board batteries are expected to be very impactful on the DC network’s power flow and may require specific voltage and current control. These factors motivate the development of a simulation tool able to emulate these devices’ absorption and their effect on the supply infrastructure. The main innovative value of the work is to improve a simulation model of a trolleybus grid through a data-driven approach by using measurements of voltage and current output from a traction substation. The measurements are essential for understanding the behavior of vehicle weight variation throughout the day. Thanks to this information, a characterization of the current draw by conventional trolleybuses and IMC trolleybuses is then provided for each trolleybus route in a specific power section of the Bologna trolleybus system. By integrating the variation in vehicle weight within the model, a simulation of a possible daily operation of a trolleybus feeding section has been performed, obtaining a 7% error between the daily energy calculated from the simulation and that obtained through measurements. This analysis demonstrates the feasibility of the adopted simulation tool, which can also be used to evaluate additional hypothetical trolleybus operation scenarios. One of these possible scenarios considers IMC vehicles, and it is also evaluated in this paper.
- Published
- 2022
11. An Output Ripple-Free Fast Charger for Electric Vehicles Based on Grid-Tied Modular Three-Phase Interleaved Converters
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Aleksandr Viatkin, Manel Hammami, Klemen Drobnic, Riccardo Mandrioli, Gabriele Grandi, Marija Vujacic, Mattia Ricco, Drobnic K., Grandi G., Hammami M., Mandrioli R., Ricco M., Viatkin A., and Vujacic M.
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fast charging ,business.industry ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Ripple ,Electrical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Converters ,modular interleaved converter ,Inductor ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Rectifier ,Battery charger ,Three-phase ,Control and Systems Engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Direct coupling ,Electric vehicle (EV) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,ripple-free output current ,Voltage - Abstract
An off-board dc fast battery charger for electric vehicles (EVs) with an original control strategy aimed to provide ripple-free output current in the typical EV batteries voltage range is presented in this article. The proposed configuration is based on modular three-phase interleaved converters and supplied by the low-voltage ac grid. The ac/dc interleaved three-phase active rectifier is composed of three standard two-level three-phase converter modules with a possibility to slightly adjust the dc-link voltage level in order to null the output current ripple. A modular interleaved dc/dc converter, formed by the same three-phase converter modules connected in parallel, is used as an interface between the dc link and the battery. The use of low-cost, standard and industry-recognized three-phase power modules for high-power fast EV charging stations enables the reduction of capital and maintenance costs of the charging facilities. The effect of coupling on the individual input/output inductors and total input/output current ripples has been investigated as well, considering both possible coupling implementations, i.e., inverse and direct coupling. Numerical simulations are reported to confirm the feasibility and the effectiveness of the whole EV fast charging configuration, including the proposed control strategy aimed to null the ripple of the output current. Experimental results are provided by a reduced scale prototype of the output stage to verify the ripple-free output current operation capability.
- Published
- 2019
12. AC Current Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Converters with Neutral Line Inductor
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Aleksandr Viatkin, Gabriele Grandi, Manel Hammami, Riccardo Mandrioli, Mattia Ricco, Viatkin, A, Mandrioli, R, Hammami, M, Ricco, M, and Grandi, G
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Control and Optimization ,Ripple ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Ground and neutral ,Inductor ,Topology ,lcsh:Technology ,electrical vehicle on-board charger ,switching losse ,current ripple ,harmonic distortion ,switching losses ,optimization ,four-leg ,three-phase four-wire ,converter ,neutral inductor ,pulse-width modulation (PWM) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Physics ,Total harmonic distortion ,lcsh:T ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Converters ,Power (physics) ,Inductance ,Three-phase ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study of peak-to-peak and root-mean-square (RMS) values of AC current ripples with balanced and unbalanced fundamental currents in a generic case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC interface inductors present in all three phases and in neutral. The AC current ripple characteristics were determined for both phase and neutral currents, considering the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) method. The derived expressions are simple, effective, and ready for accurate AC current ripple calculations in three- or four-leg converters. This is particularly handy in the converter design process, since there is no need for heavy numerical simulations to determine an optimal set of design parameters, such as switching frequency and line inductances, based on the grid code or load restrictions in terms of AC current ripple. Particular attention has been paid to the performance comparison between the conventional three-phase three-leg converter and its four-leg counterpart, with distinct line inductance values in the neutral wire. In addition to that, a design example was performed to demonstrate the power of the derived equations. Numerical simulations and extensive experimental tests were thoroughly verified the analytical developments.
- Published
- 2021
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13. AC Current Ripple Harmonic Pollution in Three-Phase Four-Leg Active Front-End AC/DC Converter for On-Board EV Chargers
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Mattia Ricco, Manel Hammami, Gabriele Grandi, Aleksandr Viatkin, Riccardo Mandrioli, Viatkin A., Mandrioli R., Hammami M., Ricco M., and Grandi G.
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voltage-source converters ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Three-phase converter ,020209 energy ,Ripple ,lcsh:TK7800-8360 ,02 engineering and technology ,Inductor ,on-board charger ,switching ripple ,Distortion ,harmonic pollution ,inverter ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Total harmonic distortion ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,lcsh:Electronics ,three-phase converters ,EV charger ,pulse-width modulation (PWM) ,four-leg ,Three-phase ,Hardware and Architecture ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Signal Processing ,EV chargers ,Inverter ,electric vehicle (EV) ,Pulse-width modulation - Abstract
Three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters have been considered for some recent projects in smart grids and in the automotive industry, projects such as on-board electric vehicles (EVs) chargers, thanks to their built-in ability to handle unbalanced AC currents through the 4th wire (neutral). Although conventional carrier-based modulations (CBMs) and space vector modulations (SVMs) have been commonly applied and extensively studied for three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters, very little has been reported concerning their pollution impact on AC grid in terms of switching ripple currents. This paper introduces a thorough analytical derivation of peak-to-peak and RMS values of the AC current ripple under balanced and unbalanced working conditions, in the case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC-link inductors. The proposed mathematical approach covers both phase and neutral currents. All analytical findings have been applied to two industry recognized CBM methods, namely sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (PWM) and centered PWM (equivalent to SVM). The derived equations are effective, simple, and ready-to-use for accurate AC current ripple calculations. At the same time, the proposed equations and diagrams can be successfully adopted to design the conversion system basing on the grid codes in terms of current ripple (or total harmonic distortion (THD)/total demand distortion (TDD)) restrictions, enabling the sizing of AC-link inductors and the determination of the proper switching frequency for the given operating conditions. The analytical developments have been thoroughly verified by numerical simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and by extensive experimental tests.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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14. A hybrid–electric driveline for agricultural tractors based on an e-cvt power-split transmission
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Riccardo Mandrioli, Marco Bertoldi, Carlo Falcomer, Claudio Rossi, Davide Pontara, Rossi C., Pontara D., Falcomer C., Bertoldi M., and Mandrioli R.
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Tractor ,Technology ,Control and Optimization ,business.product_category ,Hybrid driveline ,Computer science ,Powertrain ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,power-split ,hybrid powertrain ,hybrid driveline ,epicyclical gear set ,tractors ,Tractors ,Automotive engineering ,Epicyclical gear set ,Power-split ,Water cooling ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Continuously variable transmission ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Power (physics) ,Hybrid powertrain ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,Systems architecture ,Electric power ,business ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This paper proposes a full-hybrid driveline based on an electric continuously variable transmission (e-CVT), which is inspired by the car industry’s most successful solution. The paper describes the operating principle, the system architecture, and the control scheme of the proposed driveline. An analysis of four possible operating modes shows that the e-CVT driveline leads to a performance similar to that of conventional tractors, as well as unusual features such as power boost, full-electric mode, optimized auxiliary drive and electric power delivery capability. The compact layout proposed for the e-CVT also makes it possible to simplify the overall layout of the tractor, particularly during the installation of both the thermal engine and the cooling system.
- Published
- 2021
15. The role of front-end ac/dc converters in hybrid ac/dc smart homes: Analysis and experimental validation
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João L. Afonso, Francesco Lo Franco, Vitor Monteiro, Mattia Ricco, Gabriele Grandi, Riccardo Mandrioli, Luís F. C. Monteiro, Monteiro V., Monteiro L.F.C., Lo Franco F., Mandrioli R., Ricco M., Grandi G., Afonso J.L., and Universidade do Minho
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TK7800-8360 ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Power electron-ic ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,Front-end AC/DC converter ,hybrid AC/DC smart homes ,7. Clean energy ,Energy storage ,front-end AC/DC converters ,Front and back ends ,Front-end AC/DC converters ,Power electronics ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Electrical engineering ,Smart grids ,Converters ,Electrical grid ,power electronics ,Smart grid ,Hybrid AC/DC smart home ,Hardware and Architecture ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Interfacing ,Power quality ,Signal Processing ,Electric power ,Electronics ,business ,Hybrid AC/DC smart homes - Abstract
Electrical power grids are rapidly evolving into smart grids, with smart homes also making an important contribution to this. In fact, the well-known and emerging technologies of renewables, energy storage systems and electric mobility are each time more distributed throughout the power grid and included in smart homes. In such circumstances, since these technologies are natively operating in DC, it is predictable for a revolution in the electrical grid craving a convergence to DC grids. Nevertheless, traditional loads natively operating in AC will continue to be used, highlighting the importance of hybrid AC/DC grids. Considering this new paradigm, this paper has as main innovation points the proposed control algorithms regarding the role of front-end AC/DC converters in hybrid AC/DC smart homes, demonstrating their importance for providing unipolar or bipolar DC grids for interfacing native DC technologies, such as renewables and electric mobility, including concerns regarding the power quality from a smart grid point of view. Furthermore, the paper presents a clear description of the proposed control algorithms, aligned with distinct possibilities of complementary operation of front-end AC/DC converters in the perspective of smart homes framed within smart grids, e.g., enabling the control of smart homes in a coordinated way. The analysis and experimental results confirmed the suitability of the proposed innovative operation modes for hybrid AC/DC smart homes, based on two different AC/DC converters in the experimental validation., This work has been supported by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020. This work has been supported by the FCT Project newERA4GRIDs PTDC/EEI-EEE/30283/2017, and by the FCT Project DAIPESEV PTDC/EEIEEE/30382/2017.
- Published
- 2021
16. Enhanced urinary stability of peptide hormones and growth factors by dried urine microsampling
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Laura Mercolini, Paolo Sberna, Michele Protti, Angelo E. Sberna, Renzo Ferrante, Roberto Mandrioli, Protti M., Sberna P.M., Sberna A.E., Ferrante R., Mandrioli R., and Mercolini L.
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Peptide stability ,Peptide Hormones ,Urinary system ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Doping in Sport ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Urine ,Peptide hormone ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,Doping-relevant peptide ,Analytical Chemistry ,Dried urine spot (DUS) ,Body Fluid ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Drug Discovery ,Spectroscopy ,Dried Blood Spot Testing ,Doping in Sports ,Urine microsampling ,Blood Specimen Collection ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Chromatography liquid ,Body Fluids ,Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) ,Doping-relevant peptides ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and dried urine spot (DUS) strategies were applied for the collection of dried microsamples for anti-doping testing of low-stability peptide hormones and growth factors prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Drying, storage and transport conditions, as well as pretreatment steps, were optimised before liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. The analytical method has been fully validated in terms of sensitivity (limits of quantitation 0.3−10 ng/mL), precision (RSD% < 6.6 %) and extraction yields (78–91 %). Dried microsample stability studies (90 days) have been performed and compared to fluid urine stability. Significantly higher losses have been observed in fluid urine stored at −20 °C (up to 55 %) and −80 °C (up to 29 %) than in dried urine microsamples stored at room temperature (< 19 %). The final microsampling and analysis protocols allow the collection of urine microvolumes, unlikely to be tampered, stably storable and shippable with no particular precautions for possible anti-doping testing of prohibited peptides and hormones.
- Published
- 2021
17. Prediction of DC-Link Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Inverters
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Manel Hammami, Riccardo Mandrioli, Aleksandr Viatkin, Mattia Ricco, Gabriele Grandi, Mandrioli, R, Viatkin, A, Hammami, M, Ricco, M, and Grandi, G
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Control and Optimization ,business.product_category ,Computer science ,Ripple ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,voltage source inverter ,lcsh:Technology ,on-board charger ,law.invention ,pulse-width modulation ,law ,voltage ripple ,Electric vehicle ,harmonic pollution ,Electronic engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,four-wire four-leg inverter ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Voltage source inverter ,DC-link switching ripple ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,lcsh:T ,Sense (electronics) ,Capacitor ,Three-phase ,EV charging ,business ,Pulse-width modulation ,Space vector modulation ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Voltage - Abstract
This paper presents a thorough prediction of DC-link voltage switching ripples in the three-phase four-leg inverters operating in balanced and unbalanced working conditions. The unbalanced modes examined here employ the highest degree of AC current imbalance while still preserving three-phase operation. This behavior can be found in many grid-connected or standalone grid-forming three-phase converters that supply “heavy” single-phase loads, comprising a recent trend in smart-grid, smart electric vehicle (EV)-charging applications. In this sense, for instance, the smart EV chargers might be employed in conditions when different power is drawn/injected from/to the grid, providing power conditioning services to the latter. The analysis of three-phase four-leg inverters is then extended to single-phase operations typical of home-charging or vehicle-to-home (V2H) applications. Their performances in terms of DC-link voltage switching ripple are demonstrated. Two of the most common carrier-based PWM modulation techniques are employed to drive the three-phase inverter—namely, sinusoidal PWM and centered PWM (carrier-based analogy of the space vector modulation). The derived mathematical expressions of peak-to-peak and RMS values of DC-link voltage switching ripple for balanced and unbalanced conditions are handy for designing the associated DC-link capacitor and estimating the overall efficiency of the converter. Extensive numerical simulations and experimental tests have been performed to validate the presented analytical developments.
- Published
- 2021
18. Novel Multi-Vehicle Motion-Based Model of Trolleybus Grids towards Smarter Urban Mobility
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Riccardo Barbone, Riccardo Mandrioli, Mattia Ricco, Rudolf Francesco Paternost, Vincenzo Cirimele, Gabriele Grandi, Barbone R., Mandrioli R., Ricco M., Paternost R.F., Cirimele V., and Grandi G.
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Motion‐based model ,Trolleybu ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Hardware and Architecture ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Signal Processing ,Circuit modeling ,Electric mobility ,catenary model ,circuit modeling ,electric mobility ,motion-based model ,trolleybus ,urban transport ,Catenary model ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Urban transport - Abstract
Trolleybus systems are resurfacing as a steppingstone to carbon-neutral urban transport. With an eye on smart city evolution, the study and simulation of a proper monitoring system for trolleybus infrastructures will be essential. This paper merges the authors’ engineering knowledge and sources available in the literature on designing and modeling catenary-based electric traction networks and performs a critical review of them to lay the foundations for proposing possible optimal alternatives. A novel multi-vehicle motion-based model of the DC catenary system is then devised and simulated in Matlab-Simulink, which could prove useful in predicting possible technical obstacles arising from the next-future introduction of smart electric traction grids, inevitably featuring greater morphological intricacy. The modularity property characterizing the created model allows an accurate, detailed, and flexible simulation of sophisticated catenary systems. By means of graphical and numerical results illustrating the behavior of the main electrical line parameters, the presented approach demonstrates today’s obsolescence of conventional design methods used so far. The trolleybus network of the city of Bologna was chosen as a case study.
- Published
- 2022
19. Assessment of capillary volumetric blood microsampling for the analysis of central nervous system drugs and metabolites
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Roberto Mandrioli, Marco Cirrincione, Laura Mercolini, Andrea Cavalli, Michele Protti, Camilla Marasca, Protti M., Marasca C., Cirrincione M., Cavalli A., Mandrioli R., and Mercolini L.
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Drug ,media_common.quotation_subject ,therapeutic drug monitoring ,central nervous system drug ,Pharmacology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,hemaPEN ,blood ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,Spectroscopy ,media_common ,Whole blood ,Fluoxetine ,Sertraline ,Venipuncture ,capillary microsampling ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Therapeutic drug monitoring ,Antidepressant ,Dried Blood Spot Testing ,Drug Monitoring ,business ,medicine.drug ,Central Nervous System Agents ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an important tool for correlating the administered drug dose to drug and metabolite concentrations in the body and to therapeutic and adverse effects. In the case of treatment with drugs active on the central nervous system (CNS), frequent TDM becomes really useful, especially for patient compliance checking and for therapy optimisation. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and sertraline, chosen as target compounds for this study, are two antidepressants mainly used for major depression, but also for obsessive-compulsive disorder associated with neurodegenerative diseases and for eating disorders. Microsampling approaches can be used to make TDM patient-friendly, by means of minimally invasive fingerpricking instead of classic invasive venipuncture. In this study, an innovative volumetric microsampling approach based on the use of hemaPEN technology is proposed to simultaneously obtain four identical dried whole blood microsamples by means of a single capillary sampling. The developed strategy shows significant advantages in terms of blood collection and storage, fast and feasible extraction procedure and sensitive LC-MS/MS analysis, also providing satisfactory validation results (extraction yield >81%, RSD
- Published
- 2020
20. Dried Urine Microsampling Coupled to Liquid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for the Analysis of Unconjugated Anabolic Androgenic Steroids
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Michele Protti, Camilla Marasca, Laura Mercolini, Marco Cirrincione, Angelo E. Sberna, Roberto Mandrioli, Protti M., Marasca C., Cirrincione M., Sberna A.E., Mandrioli R., and Mercolini L.
- Subjects
Analyte ,Relative standard deviation ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Urine ,anabolic androgenic steroids ,Urinalysis ,Mass spectrometry ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Drug Discovery ,Lc ms ms ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,LC-MS/MS ,Testosterone Congeners ,dried urine spots (DUS) ,Doping in Sports ,Detection limit ,Chromatography ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,anti-doping ,Reproducibility of Results ,Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,microsampling ,Molecular Medicine ,Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) ,neuroprotection ,Anabolic androgenic steroid ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Testing and monitoring anabolic androgenic steroids in biological fluids is a key activity in anti-doping practices. In this study, a novel approach is proposed, based on dried urine microsampling through two different workflows: dried urine spots (DUS) and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS). Both techniques can overcome some common drawbacks of urine sampling, such as analyte instability and storage and transportation problems. Using an original, validated liquid chromatography&ndash, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, exogenous and endogenous unconjugated steroids were analysed. Despite the limitations of microsampling volume, good sensitivity was obtained (limit of quantitation &le, 1.5 ng/mL for all analytes), with satisfactory precision (relative standard deviation <, 7.6%) and absolute recovery (>, 70.3%). Both microsampling platforms provide reliable results, in good agreement with those obtained from urine.
- Published
- 2020
21. Fruit Quality Characterization of New Sweet Cherry Cultivars as a Good Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potential
- Author
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Silvana Hrelia, Fabio Gennari, Cristina Angeloni, Marco Malaguti, Enrico Muzzi, Giulia Potente, Fabiana Antognoni, Roberto Mandrioli, S. Lugli, Stefano Tartarini, Michela Freschi, Antognoni F., Potente G., Mandrioli R., Angeloni C., Freschi M., Malaguti M., Hrelia S., Lugli S., Gennari F., Muzzi E., and Tartarini S.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Anthocyanin ,Taste ,Antioxidant ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Article ,SH-SY5Y cells ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Prunus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nutraceutical ,New sweet cherry cultivar ,medicine ,oxidative stress ,Cultivar ,Food science ,Prunus avium L ,brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ,Molecular Biology ,nutraceuticals ,new sweet cherry cultivars ,fungi ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,food and beverages ,Cell Biology ,anthocyanins ,030104 developmental biology ,antioxidants ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,chemistry ,Phytochemical ,Oxidative stre ,neuroprotection ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are highly appreciated fruits for their taste, color, nutritional value, and beneficial health effects. In this work, seven new cultivars of sweet cherry were investigated for their main quality traits and nutraceutical value. The phytochemical profile of three classes of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the new cultivars were investigated through high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and spectrophotometric assays, respectively, and compared with those of commonly commercialized cultivars. Cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside was the main anthocyanin in all genotypes, and its levels in some new cultivars were about three-fold higher than in commercial ones. The ORAC-assayed antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the total anthocyanin index. The nutraceutical value of the new cultivars was investigated in terms of antioxidant/neuroprotective capacity in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Results demonstrated that the new cultivars were more effective in counteracting oxidative stress and were also able to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a pro-survival neurotrophin, suggesting their potential pleiotropic role in counteracting neurodegenerations.
- Published
- 2020
22. Quantitative microsampling for bioanalytical applications related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Usefulness, benefits and pitfalls
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Roberto Mandrioli, Michele Protti, Laura Mercolini, Protti M., Mandrioli R., and Mercolini L.
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Bioanalysis ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Pharmaceutical Science ,DBS ,Review ,01 natural sciences ,Biological fluid ,Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ,Analytical Chemistry ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Spectroscopy ,Solid Phase Microextraction ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,VAMS ,Blood Specimen Collection ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,DMS ,010401 analytical chemistry ,COVID-19 ,0104 chemical sciences ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Microsampling ,Dried Blood Spot Testing ,Coronavirus Infections - Abstract
Graphical abstract, Highlights • SARS-CoV-2 emergency sparks the need for diagnostic and therapeutic actions. • Microsampling is emerging in as an attractive alternative to traditional sampling. • Advantages and challenges of the main microsampling techniques are reported. • Available microsampling applications of interest for SARS-CoV-2 are described. • Most useful information for researchers and clinicians are gathered and provided., The multiple pathological effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and its total novelty, mean that currently a lot of diagnostic and therapeutic tools, established and tentative alike, are needed to treat patients in a timely, effective way. In order to make these tools more reliable, faster and more feasible, biological fluid microsampling techniques could provide many advantages. In this review, the most important microsampling techniques are considered (dried matrix spots, volumetric absorptive microsampling, microfluidics and capillary microsampling, solid phase microextraction) and their respective advantages and disadvantages laid out. Moreover, currently available microsampling applications of interest for SARS-CoV-2 therapy are described, in order to make them as much widely known as possible, hopefully providing useful information to researchers and clinicians alike.
- Published
- 2020
23. Phase and Neutral Current Ripple Analysis in Three-Phase Four-Wire Split-Capacitor Grid Converter for EV Chargers
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Riccardo Barbone, Manel Hammami, Riccardo Mandrioli, Mattia Ricco, Aleksandr Viatkin, Davide Pontara, Mandrioli R., Hammami M., Viatkin A., Barbone R., Pontara D., and Ricco M.
- Subjects
split-capacitor ,Materials science ,TK7800-8360 ,Computer Networks and Communications ,020209 energy ,Ripple ,Phase (waves) ,Modulation index ,Vehicle-to-grid ,Ground and neutral ,02 engineering and technology ,Topology ,law.invention ,Root mean square ,three-phase ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,PWM ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,current ripple ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Grid-connected ,four-wire ,Capacitor ,Three-phase ,Hardware and Architecture ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Signal Processing ,interleaved ,Electronics ,Pulse-width modulation - Abstract
The current switching ripple in a three-phase four-wire split-capacitor converter is analyzed in this paper for all the four ac output wires in relation to both balanced and unbalanced working conditions. Specifically, analytical formulations of the peak-to-peak and root mean square (RMS) current ripples are originally evaluated as a function of the modulation index, separately for the three phases and the neutral wire. Initially, the single-carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is outlined, as it generally concerns a straightforward and effective modulation. With the aim of mitigating the current ripple in the neutral wire, the interleaved multiple-carrier PWM strategy is adopted, also avoiding any repercussion on the phase one. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were carried out to verify all the analytical developments.
- Published
- 2021
24. Analysis of Input Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Wire Split Capacitor PWM Inverters
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Aleksandr Viatkin, Gabriele Grandi, Riccardo Mandrioli, Mattia Ricco, Manel Hammami, Hammami M., Mandrioli R., Viatkin A., Ricco M., and Grandi G.
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Battery (electricity) ,split-capacitor ,Control and Optimization ,dc-link switching ripple ,Computer science ,Ripple ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Power factor ,voltage source inverter ,lcsh:Technology ,law.invention ,three-phase ,law ,voltage ripple ,inverter ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Voltage source inverter ,Total harmonic distortion ,lcsh:T ,pulse width modulation ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Photovoltaic system ,Electrical engineering ,AC power ,four-wire ,harmonic distortion ,Capacitor ,Three-phase ,Inverter ,current unbalance ,business ,Pulse-width modulation ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Voltage - Abstract
Three-phase, four-wire split capacitor inverters are currently employed in many applications, such as photovoltaic systems, battery chargers for electric vehicles, active power filters, and, in general, in all grid-tied applications that deal with possible grid voltage and/or current unbalances. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the capacitor-switching voltage ripple and dc-link switching voltage ripple for the three-phase, four-wire, split capacitor inverters. Specifically, analytical formulations of the peak-to-peak and rms values of the voltage ripples are originally pointed out in this paper and determined in the case of balanced three-phase and unbalanced (two-phase and single-phase) output (ac) currents. The obtained results can help in designing the considered inverter and sizing of the dc-link capacitors. Reference is made to the sinusoidal PWM modulation and sinusoidal three-phase output currents with an almost unity power factor, representing a grid-connected application. Extensive numerical simulations have been carried out to thoroughly verify all the analytical developments presented in this paper. Furthermore, some experimental tests, having balanced output currents on the ac side, have been accomplished, validating numerical simulations and analytical developments.
- Published
- 2020
25. Electric Vehicle Aggregate Power Flow Prediction and Smart Charging System for Distributed Renewable Energy Self-Consumption Optimization
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Mattia Ricco, Riccardo Mandrioli, Gabriele Grandi, Francesco Lo Franco, Lo Franco F., Ricco M., Mandrioli R., and Grandi G.
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electric vehicle charging ,Control and Optimization ,business.product_category ,Renewable energy source ,Population ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Electric vehicle ,lcsh:Technology ,Automotive engineering ,Load shifting ,Photovoltaics ,Peak shaving ,electric vehicles ,smart charging ,energy districts ,renewable energy sources ,self-consumption ,forecasting ,peak shaving ,load shifting ,photovoltaics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,education ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,education.field_of_study ,lcsh:T ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Renewable energy ,Energy district ,Self consumption ,Peaking power plant ,Management system ,Environmental science ,business ,Photovoltaic ,Forecasting ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
In the context of electric vehicle (EV) development and positive energy districts with the growing penetration of non-programmable sources, this paper provides a method to predict and manage the aggregate power flows of charging stations to optimize the self-consumption and load profiles. The prediction method analyzes each charging event belonging to the EV population, and it considers the main factors that influence a charging process, namely the EV’s characteristics, charging ratings, and driver behavior. EV’s characteristics and charging ratings are obtained from the EV model’s and charging stations’ specifications, respectively. The statistical analysis of driver behavior is performed to calculate the daily consumptions and the charging energy request. Then, a model to estimate the parking time of each vehicle is extrapolated from the real collected data of the arrival and departure times in parking lots. A case study was carried out to evaluate the proposed method. This consisted of an industrial area with renewable sources and electrical loads. The obtained results show how EV charging can negatively impact system power flows, causing load peaks and high energy demand. Therefore, a charging management system (CMS) able to operate in the smart charging mode was introduced. Finally, it was demonstrated that the proposed method provides better EV integration and improved performance.
- Published
- 2020
26. Changes in carotenoids, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity in bread wheat doughs fermented with different lactic acid bacteria strains
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Andrea Gianotti, Giulia Potente, Fabiana Antognoni, Roberto Mandrioli, Danielle Laure Taneyo Saa, Antognoni F., Mandrioli R., Potente G., Taneyo Saa D.L., and Gianotti A.
- Subjects
Cereal-fermented food ,Antioxidant ,Coumaric Acids ,Food Handling ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Flour ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,Analytical Chemistry ,Ferulic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Sourdough fermentation ,medicine ,Hydroxybenzoates ,Lactobacillus strain ,Food science ,Carotenoid ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Triticum ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Phenolic acid ,Strain (chemistry) ,biology ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Bread ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Carotenoids ,0104 chemical sciences ,Lactic acid ,Lactobacillus ,Fermentation ,Bacteria ,Food Science - Abstract
Amongst the processing technologies able to improve the functional features of cereal-based foods, sourdough fermentation using Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) has been recently rediscovered for its beneficial effects. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread doughs were prepared using LAB strains belonging to different Lactobacillus species and changes in phenolic acid, carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Two L. plantarum strains out of six were able to significantly increase carotenoid content in the dough, suggesting that a higher mobilization/solubilisation of these antioxidant compounds occurs. Within different fractions (free, soluble-conjugated, insoluble-bound), the relative distribution of ferulic acid and antioxidant activity changes depending on the specific strain. Overall, results indicate that some LAB strains cause in situ changes, significantly increasing the content of functional compounds in doughs during fermentation. This, in turn, could improve the functional features of bakery foods characterised by a high content in carotenoids and other bioactive compounds.
- Published
- 2018
27. Separation and analysis of glycyrrhizin, 18β-glycyrrhetic acid and 18α-glycyrrhetic acid in liquorice roots by means of capillary zone electrophoresis
- Author
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Francesca Bugamelli, Roberto Mandrioli, Maria Addolorata Saracino, Salvatore Fanali, Cesare Sabbioni, Maria Augusta Raggi, Giorgio Cantelli Forti, Anna Ferranti, Sabbioni C., Mandrioli R., Ferranti A., Bugamelli F., Saracino M.A., Cantelli Forti G., Fanali S., and Raggi M.A.
- Subjects
18-BETA-GLYCYRRHETIC ACID ,Uronic acid ,Biochemistry ,Plant Roots ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,18β-Glycyrrhetic acid ,Capillary electrophoresis ,Candy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,18α-Glycyrrhetic acid ,Glycyrrhizin ,Glycyrrhiza ,Solid phase extraction ,Liquorice root ,Enoxolone ,Chromatography ,Organic Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Electrophoresis, Capillary ,Reproducibility of Results ,Stereoisomerism ,General Medicine ,Glycyrrhizic Acid ,18-ALFA-GLYCYRRHETIC ACID ,chemistry ,Glycyrrhetinic Acid ,Ethylene glycol - Abstract
Glycyrrhizin is the main active compound of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extracts; according to recent studies, glycyrrhizin and its aglycon, glycyrrhetic acid, have interesting therapeutic properties. A new capillary electrophoretic method has been developed for the separation and quantification of glycyrrhizin, beta-glycyrrhetic acid and its isomer a-glycyrrhetic acid. Separation of the analytes was achieved in less than 3 min on a fused silica capillary, by injecting the samples at the short end of the capillary (effective length: 8.5 cm). The background electrolyte was composed of pH 10.0 carbonate buffer, methanol and ethylene glycol (80/10/10) and contained 0.4% beta-cyclodextrin; indomethacin was used as the internal standard. Diode array detection was used, with quantitative assays carried out at 254 nm. Linearity was found over the 5-200 and 2.5-100 microg mL(-1) concentration ranges for glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid, respectively. This method has been applied to the determination of the analytes in different matrices (liquorice roots and commercial confectionery products), and to the purity control of beta-glycyrrhetic acid obtained from the hydrolysis of glycyrrhizin. When analysing beta-glycyrrhetic acid and its epimer in roots, the samples were purified by means of a suitable solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure with Oasis HLB cartridges, which granted good selectivity, eliminating matrix interference.
- Published
- 2005
28. Innovative Solid-Phase Extraction Strategies for Improving the Advanced Chromatographic Determination of Drugs in Challenging Biological Samples.
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Mahdavijalal M, Petio C, Staffilano G, Mandrioli R, and Protti M
- Subjects
- Humans, Pharmaceutical Preparations analysis, Pharmaceutical Preparations chemistry, Solid Phase Microextraction methods, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers chemistry, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Solid Phase Extraction methods
- Abstract
In the past few decades, considerable scientific strides have been made in the subject of drug analysis in human biological samples. However, the risk caused by incorrect drug plasma levels in patients still remains an important concern. This review paper attempts to investigate the advances made over the last ten years in common sample preparation techniques (SPT) for biological samples based on solid sorbents, including solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), and in particular in the field of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), including non-stimuli-responsive and stimuli-responsive adsorbents. This class of materials is known as 'smart adsorbents', exhibiting tailored responses to various stimuli such as magnetic fields, pH, temperature, and light. Details are provided on how these advanced SPT are changing the landscape of modern drug analysis in their coupling with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analytical techniques, a general term that includes high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), as well as any variation of MS, such as tandem (MS/MS), multiple-stage (MS
n ), and high-resolution (HRMS) mass spectrometry. Some notes are also provided on coupling with less-performing techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) detection. Finally, we provide a general review of the difficulties and benefits of the proposed approaches and the future prospects of this research area.- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
29. Threat or treat: Exposure assessment and risk characterisation of chemical contaminants in soft drinks and chocolate bars in various Polish population age groups.
- Author
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Marincich L, Protti M, Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, and Woźniak Ł
- Abstract
In the frame of the European Food Risk Assessment (EU-FORA) fellowship programme, two studies on chemical contaminants in food matrices were carried out in Warsaw, Poland, at the Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology. The first study addressed health concerns about the dietary exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) contamination due to consumption of soft drink by Polish population. BPA is an organic additive used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics and because of this it is used in the internal coating of cans and in plastic bottle production. Depending on several factors, BPA can migrate from these materials to the soft drink and so, it can be ingested by consumers causing hormonal and reproductive disorders. To estimate the Polish population exposure to BPA, several soft drinks belonging to different brands were purchased from a supermarket in the city of Warsaw and analysed. The result of the analysis highlight that mean BPA exposure in the Polish population exceeds the tolerable daily intake proposed by the EFSA scientific opinion, raising health concerns. On the other hand, the second study, focused on cadmium exposure due to chocolate consumption by Polish population, did not raise any health concern. Cadmium is a heavy metal that naturally occurs in its inorganic form in the environment and its presence in chocolate derives only from the cocoa beans and not from contamination during processing. Its accumulation in the human body can create several adverse effects, including renal dysfunction and failure. To estimate the Polish population exposure to cadmium, several chocolate bars were purchased from a supermarket in the city of Warsaw and analysed. The results of the analysis show that cadmium exposure in the Polish population does not exceed the tolerable weekly intake proposed by the EFSA scientific opinion., (© 2023 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)
- Published
- 2023
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30. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity of Fruit Juices by Two Original Analytical Methods.
- Author
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Protti M, Gualandi I, Zappoli S, Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, and Tonelli D
- Subjects
- Hydroxyl Radical chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Hydrogen Peroxide chemistry, Fruit chemistry, Antioxidants chemistry, Fruit and Vegetable Juices analysis
- Abstract
Two analytical methods previously developed by our groups were employed to estimate the antioxidant capacity of commercial fruit juices. The electrochemical method, which measures the scavenging activity of antioxidants towards OH radicals generated by both hydrogen peroxide photolysis and Fenton's reaction, is based on the recovery of the cyclic voltametric response of the redox probe Ru(NH
3 )6 3+ at a Glassy Carbon electrode modified with a thin film of an insulating polyphenol, in the presence of compounds with antioxidant properties. The values of the antioxidant capacity of the fruit juices are expressed as vitamin C equivalents/L. The chromatographic method is based on the generation of OH radicals via Fenton's reaction in order to test the inhibition of their formation in the presence of antioxidant compounds by monitoring salicylate aromatic hydroxylation derivatives as markers of •OH production, by means of HPLC coupled to coulometric detection. The results are expressed as the percentage of inhibition of •OH production in the presence of the tested juice compared to the control sample. When OH radicals are produced by Fenton's reaction, the antioxidant capacity of the juices, estimated by both methods, displays an analogous trend, confirming that they can be considered an alternative for measuring the ability of antioxidants to block OH radical formation.- Published
- 2023
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31. Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) for Targeted LC-MS/MS Determination of Tryptophan-Related Biomarkers.
- Author
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Protti M, Cirrincione M, Mandrioli R, Rudge J, Regazzoni L, Valsecchi V, Volpi C, and Mercolini L
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers, Blood Specimen Collection methods, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Dried Blood Spot Testing methods, Mice, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Tryptophan
- Abstract
L-Tryptophan (TRP) metabolites and related biomarkers play crucial roles in physiological functions, and their imbalances are implicated in central nervous system pathologies and neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and depression. The measurement of TRP metabolites and related biomarkers possesses great potential to elucidate the disease mechanisms, aid preclinical drug development, highlight potential therapeutic targets and evaluate the outcomes of therapeutic interventions. An effective, straightforward, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 24 TRP-related compounds in miniaturised murine whole blood samples. Sampling and sample pretreatment miniaturisation were achieved thanks to the development of a volumetric dried blood microsampling approach. Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) allows the accurate sampling of microvolumes of blood with advantages including, but not limited to, minimal sampling invasiveness, logistical improvements, method sustainability in terms of solvents and energy consumption, and improvement of animal studies in the framework of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) principles on animal welfare. The VAMS-LC-MS/MS method exhibited good selectivity, and correlation coefficient values for the calibration curves of each analyte were >0.9987. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.1 to 25 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions in terms of RSD were <9.6%. All analytes were stable in whole blood VAMS samples stored at room temperature for at least 30 days with analyte losses < 14%. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of biological samples from mice, leading to the unambiguous determination of all the considered target analytes. This method can therefore be applied to analyse TRP metabolites and related biomarkers levels to monitor disease states, perform mechanistic studies and investigate the outcomes of therapeutic interventions.
- Published
- 2022
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32. Dried Volumetric Microsampling Approaches for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Psychiatric Patients Undergoing Clozapine Treatment.
- Author
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Marasca C, Mandrioli R, Sardella R, Vovk T, Armirotti A, Cavalli A, Serretti A, Protti M, and Mercolini L
- Abstract
Clozapine is one of the most widely used second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) for the treatment of schizophrenia. Despite advantages over first-generation drugs, clozapine still shows significant side effects and interindividual variations in efficacy. In order to ensure frequent therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and improve the compliance of psychiatric patients undergoing clozapine treatment, two novel dried microsampling approaches based on whole blood and plasma volumetric absorptive microsampling (b-VAMS and p-VAMS) and microfluidic generated-dried blood spot technology (mfDBS) were developed and coupled to HPLC with electrochemical detection (ED). The proposed miniaturized strategies by means of VAMS and microfluidic channel-based devices provide several advantages in terms of collection, storage, and handling compared to classical blood and plasma processing. Satisfactory validation results were obtained for all microsampling platforms, with mean extraction yields >85.1%, precision as relative standard deviation (RSD) < 5.1%, and stability < 4.5% analyte loss after 30 days for p-VAMS; mean extraction yields > 83.4%, precision RSD < 5.4%, and stability < 4.6% analyte loss after 30 days for b-VAMS, and mean extraction yields > 74.0%, precision RSD < 5.6%, and stability < 4.9% analyte loss after 30 days for mfDBS. The original microsampling methodologies have been successfully applied to the blood and plasma collected from five psychiatric patients for the monitoring of the levels of clozapine and its main metabolites, providing robust and reliable quali-quantitative results. Comparisons between results of the two dried microsampling technologies with those obtained by classic fluid plasma analysis were in good agreement and have demonstrated that the proposed miniaturized approaches could be suitable for TDM purposes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Marasca, Mandrioli, Sardella, Vovk, Armirotti, Cavalli, Serretti, Protti and Mercolini.)
- Published
- 2022
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33. Free and Conjugated Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity in Quinoa Seeds and Their Relationship with Genotype and Environment.
- Author
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Antognoni F, Potente G, Biondi S, Mandrioli R, Marincich L, and Ruiz KB
- Abstract
The nutraceutical interest in quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds is associated with the presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenols. In particular, polyphenols contribute to the health-promoting effects of this food crop, and their levels are influenced by environmental conditions. Production of quinoa is recently being explored in temperate climate areas, including Italy. The aim of this research was to assess the profile of bioactive compounds in seeds of two quinoa varieties, Regalona-Baer and Titicaca, grown in northern Italy, compared to that of seeds of those varieties grown in Chile and Denmark, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis of phenolic acid and flavonoid profiles, both in their free and soluble conjugated forms, showed that the main differences between Regalona grown in Chile and Italy were for the free vanillic acid and daidzein contents, while the two Titicaca samples mainly differed in quercetin derivative levels. The total phenolic index was comparable in Titicaca and Regalona, and only a slight decrease in this parameter was found in seeds of the two varieties grown in Italy. The in vitro antioxidant activity of seed extracts, evaluated by means of three different assays, indicated that it correlated with flavonol (quercetin derivative) levels. In conclusion, the results indicate that, although environmental conditions alter the polyphenolic profile and biological activities, it is possible to grow good-quality quinoa in northern Italy.
- Published
- 2021
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34. Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts Leaf Extract Influences in vitro Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis on Primary Cultures of Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells.
- Author
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Tubon I, Bernardini C, Antognoni F, Mandrioli R, Potente G, Bertocchi M, Vaca G, Zannoni A, Salaroli R, and Forni M
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants pharmacology, Cell Cycle drug effects, Cell Death drug effects, Cell Movement drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Endothelial Cells drug effects, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Phytochemicals analysis, Swine, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A genetics, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A metabolism, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 genetics, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 metabolism, Aorta cytology, Endothelial Cells cytology, Lamiaceae chemistry, Neovascularization, Physiologic drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry
- Abstract
Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts is an endemic species in Ecuador, where it is used as an anti-inflammatory plant to treat respiratory and digestive affections. In this work, effects of a Clinopodium tomentosum ethanolic extract (CTEE), prepared from aerial parts of the plant, were investigated on vascular endothelium functions. In particularly, angiogenesis activity was evaluated, using primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). Cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of CTEE different concentrations (10, 25, 50, and 100 μ g/ml); no viability alterations were found in the 10-50 μ g/ml range, while a slight, but significant, proliferative effect was observed at the highest dose. In addition, treatment with CTEE was able to rescue LPS-induced injury in terms of cell viability. The CTEE ability to affect angiogenesis was evaluated by scratch test analysis and by an in vitro capillary-like network assay. Treatment with 25-50 μ g/ml of extract caused a significant increase in pAEC's migration and tube formation capabilities compared to untreated cells, as results from the increased master junctions' number. On the other hand, CTEE at 100 μ g/ml did not induce the same effects. Quantitative PCR data demonstrated that FLK-1 mRNA expression significantly increased at a CTEE dose of 25 μ g/ml. The CTEE phytochemical composition was assessed through HPLC-DAD; rosmarinic acid among phenolic acids and hesperidin among flavonoids were found as major phenolic components. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content assays showed that flavonoids are the most abundant class of polyphenols. The CTEE antioxidant activity was also showed by means of the DPPH and ORAC assays. Results indicate that CTEE possesses an angiogenic capacity in a dose-dependent manner; this represents an initial step in elucidating the mechanism of the therapeutic use of the plant., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Irvin Tubon et al.)
- Published
- 2020
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35. Fruit Quality Characterization of New Sweet Cherry Cultivars as a Good Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potential.
- Author
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Antognoni F, Potente G, Mandrioli R, Angeloni C, Freschi M, Malaguti M, Hrelia S, Lugli S, Gennari F, Muzzi E, and Tartarini S
- Abstract
Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L.) are highly appreciated fruits for their taste, color, nutritional value, and beneficial health effects. In this work, seven new cultivars of sweet cherry were investigated for their main quality traits and nutraceutical value. The phytochemical profile of three classes of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the new cultivars were investigated through high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and spectrophotometric assays, respectively, and compared with those of commonly commercialized cultivars. Cyanidine-3- O -rutinoside was the main anthocyanin in all genotypes, and its levels in some new cultivars were about three-fold higher than in commercial ones. The ORAC-assayed antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the total anthocyanin index. The nutraceutical value of the new cultivars was investigated in terms of antioxidant/neuroprotective capacity in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Results demonstrated that the new cultivars were more effective in counteracting oxidative stress and were also able to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a pro-survival neurotrophin, suggesting their potential pleiotropic role in counteracting neurodegenerations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Dried Urine Microsampling Coupled to Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the Analysis of Unconjugated Anabolic Androgenic Steroids.
- Author
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Protti M, Marasca C, Cirrincione M, Sberna AE, Mandrioli R, and Mercolini L
- Subjects
- Doping in Sports, Humans, Molecular Structure, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Testosterone Congeners chemistry, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Testosterone Congeners urine, Urinalysis methods
- Abstract
Testing and monitoring anabolic androgenic steroids in biological fluids is a key activity in anti-doping practices. In this study, a novel approach is proposed, based on dried urine microsampling through two different workflows: dried urine spots (DUS) and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS). Both techniques can overcome some common drawbacks of urine sampling, such as analyte instability and storage and transportation problems. Using an original, validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, exogenous and endogenous unconjugated steroids were analysed. Despite the limitations of microsampling volume, good sensitivity was obtained (limit of quantitation ≤1.5 ng/mL for all analytes), with satisfactory precision (relative standard deviation <7.6%) and absolute recovery (>70.3%). Both microsampling platforms provide reliable results, in good agreement with those obtained from urine.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Microsampling and LC-MS/MS for antidoping testing of glucocorticoids in urine.
- Author
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Protti M, Mandrioli R, and Mercolini L
- Subjects
- Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Molecular Conformation, Stereoisomerism, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Doping in Sports, Glucocorticoids urine, Substance Abuse Detection
- Abstract
Background. Systemic glucocorticoids are prohibited in-competition by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Here, we describe an original microsampling workflow for the quantitation of three endogenous (cortisol, corticosterone and cortisone) and three exogenous (dexamethasone, methylprednisolone and fludrocortisone) corticosteroids in 30 μl of human urine. Materials & methods. Microsampling was carried out by dried urine spot (DUS) sampling and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), followed by solvent extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Results & conclusion: Good linearity (r
2 > 0.9989) was obtained for all analytes; extraction yields (>81%), precision (RSD < 8.6%) and matrix effect (<12%) were satisfactory. Microsample stability at room temperature was good (analyte loss <15% after 3 months). Data obtained from real urine microsample analysis were compared with those of fluid urine, providing very good agreement (r2 > 0.9991).- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Blood and Plasma Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Coupled to LC-MS/MS for the Forensic Assessment of Cocaine Consumption.
- Author
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Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, and Protti M
- Subjects
- Chromatography, Liquid, Cocaine analogs & derivatives, Cocaine chemistry, Humans, Limit of Detection, Reproducibility of Results, Blood Specimen Collection methods, Cocaine blood, Forensic Medicine methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods
- Abstract
Reliable, feasible analytical methods are needed for forensic and anti-doping testing of cocaine and its most important metabolites, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, and cocaethylene (the active metabolite formed in the presence of ethanol). An innovative workflow is presented here, using minute amounts of dried blood or plasma obtained by volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), followed by miniaturized pretreatment by dispersive pipette extraction (DPX) and LC-MS/MS analysis. After sampling 20 µL of blood or plasma with a VAMS device, the sample was dried, extracted, and loaded onto a DPX tip. The DPX pretreatment lasted less than one minute and after elution with methanol the sample was directly injected into the LC-MS/MS system. The chromatographic analysis was carried out on a C8 column, using a mobile phase containing aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. Good extraction yield (> 85%), precision (relative standard deviation, RSD < 6.0%) and matrix effect (< 12%) values were obtained. Analyte stability was outstanding (recovery > 85% after 2 months at room temperature). The method was successfully applied to real blood and plasma VAMS, with results in very good agreement with those of fluid samples. The method seems suitable for the monitoring of concomitant cocaine and ethanol use by means of plasma or blood VAMS testing.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. An Original HPLC Method with Coulometric Detection to Monitor Hydroxyl Radical Generation via Fenton Chemistry.
- Author
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Catapano MC, Protti M, Fontana T, Mandrioli R, Mladěnka P, and Mercolini L
- Subjects
- Limit of Detection, Molecular Structure, Reproducibility of Results, Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Hydrogen Peroxide chemistry, Hydroxyl Radical analysis, Hydroxyl Radical chemical synthesis, Iron chemistry
- Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) can be generated via Fenton chemistry catalyzed by transition metals. An in vitro Fenton system was developed to test both the inhibition and stimulation of •OH formation, by monitoring salicylate aromatic hydroxylation derivatives as markers of •OH production. The reaction was optimized with either iron or copper, and target analytes were determined by means of an original HPLC method coupled to coulometric detection. The method granted good sensitivity and precision, while method applicability was tested on antioxidant compounds with and without chelating properties in different substance to metal ratios. This analytical approach shows how Fenton's reaction can be monitored by HPLC coupled to coulometric detection, as a powerful tool for studying molecules' redox behavior.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Salvia sagittata Ethanolic Extract on Primary Cultures of Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells.
- Author
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Tubon I, Zannoni A, Bernardini C, Salaroli R, Bertocchi M, Mandrioli R, Vinueza D, Antognoni F, and Forni M
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Aorta pathology, Camphanes, Drugs, Chinese Herbal chemistry, Endothelial Cells pathology, Ethanol chemistry, Heme Oxygenase-1 metabolism, Inflammation chemically induced, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation metabolism, Inflammation pathology, Lipopolysaccharides toxicity, Panax notoginseng, Primary Cell Culture, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Swine, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Aorta metabolism, Drugs, Chinese Herbal pharmacology, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Salvia chemistry
- Abstract
The aim of the present research was to study the effects of an ethanolic extract of Salvia sagittata Ruiz & Pav (SSEE), an endemic Ecuadorian plant traditionally used to treat inflammation and different intestinal affections, on primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). pAECs were cultured in the presence of different concentrations (1-200 μ g/mL) of SSEE for 24 h, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay. SSEE did not negatively affect cellular viability at any concentration tested. Cell cycle was analyzed and no significant change was observed. Then, the anti-inflammatory effects of SSEE on pAECs were analyzed using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the inflammatory stimulus. Different markers involved in the inflammatory process, such as cytokines and protective molecules, were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. SSEE showed the ability to restore pAEC physiological conditions reducing interleukin-6 and increasing Heme Oxygenase-1 protein levels. The phytochemical composition of SSEE was also evaluated via HPLC-DAD and spectrophotometric assays. The presence of different phenolic acids and flavonoids was revealed, with rosmarinic acid as the most abundant component. SSEE possesses an interesting antioxidant activity, as assessed through both the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. In conclusion, results suggest that SSEE is endowed with an in vitro anti-inflammatory effect. This represents the initial step in finding a possible scientific support for the traditional therapeutic use of this plant.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Perspectives and strategies for anti-doping analysis.
- Author
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Protti M, Mandrioli R, and Mercolini L
- Subjects
- Blood Specimen Collection standards, Dried Blood Spot Testing standards, Humans, Substance Abuse Detection standards, Blood Specimen Collection instrumentation, Doping in Sports methods, Dried Blood Spot Testing methods, Pharmaceutical Preparations blood, Substance Abuse Detection methods
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Integrated Evaluation of the Potential Health Benefits of Einkorn-Based Breads.
- Author
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Antognoni F, Mandrioli R, Bordoni A, Di Nunzio M, Viadel B, Gallego E, Villalba MP, Tomás-Cobos L, Taneyo Saa DL, and Gianotti A
- Subjects
- Caco-2 Cells, Cooking, Cytokines metabolism, Digestion, Fermentation, Humans, Inflammation immunology, Inflammation metabolism, Inflammation prevention & control, Signal Transduction, Bread, Carotenoids analysis, Diet, Healthy, Flour analysis, Hydroxybenzoates analysis, Nutritive Value, Triticum chemistry, Whole Grains chemistry
- Abstract
Nowadays the high nutritional value of whole grains is recognized, and there is an increasing interest in the ancient varieties for producing wholegrain food products with enhanced nutritional characteristics. Among ancient crops, einkorn could represent a valid alternative. In this work, einkorn flours were analyzed for their content in carotenoids and in free and bound phenolic acids, and compared to wheat flours. The most promising flours were used to produce conventional and sourdough fermented breads. Breads were in vitro digested, and characterized before and after digestion. The four breads having the best characteristics were selected, and the product of their digestion was used to evaluate their anti-inflammatory effect using Caco-2 cells. Our results confirm the higher carotenoid levels in einkorn than in modern wheats, and the effectiveness of sourdough fermentation in maintaining these levels, despite the longer exposure to atmospheric oxygen. Moreover, in cultured cells einkorn bread evidenced an anti-inflammatory effect, although masked by the effect of digestive fluid. This study represents the first integrated evaluation of the potential health benefit of einkorn-based bakery products compared to wheat-based ones, and contributes to our knowledge of ancient grains., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Dried blood spot testing: a novel approach for the therapeutic drug monitoring of ziprasidone-treated patients.
- Author
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Mercolini L, Mandrioli R, Protti M, Conca A, Albers LJ, and Raggi MA
- Subjects
- Blood Specimen Collection, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Humans, Piperazines administration & dosage, Piperazines pharmacology, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Thiazoles administration & dosage, Thiazoles pharmacology, Dried Blood Spot Testing methods, Drug Monitoring methods, Piperazines therapeutic use, Schizophrenia drug therapy, Thiazoles therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: A novel analytical approach, based on dried blood spot (DBS) testing, has been developed, validated and applied for the first time to the analysis of ziprasidone (ZPR) for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of schizophrenic patients. DBS represent a more feasible but reliable matrix, alternative to blood and plasma., Methods: The assays were carried out using an HPLC method with native fluorescence. Blood drops were applied to DBS cards and dried by microwaves, an internal standard solution was added to the DBS and 5-mm punches were cut out for analysis. ZPR was extracted from DBS with methanol, giving good extraction yields, precision and selectivity results., Results: The method was applied with satisfactory results to DBS samples from psychiatric patients to determine ZPR levels for therapy optimization., Conclusion: This innovative methodology provides reliable and significant TDM information, with important advantages over classical blood sampling in terms of collection, storage and processing.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Recent trends in the analysis of amino acids in fruits and derived foodstuffs.
- Author
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Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, and Raggi MA
- Subjects
- Chromatography, Gas instrumentation, Chromatography, Gas methods, Chromatography, Liquid instrumentation, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Electrophoresis, Capillary instrumentation, Electrophoresis, Capillary methods, Food Analysis instrumentation, Mass Spectrometry instrumentation, Mass Spectrometry methods, Models, Molecular, Vegetables chemistry, Amino Acids analysis, Food Analysis methods, Fruit chemistry
- Abstract
The amino acid content of fruit and fruit-derived foods is studied intensely because of the contribution to nutritional value, aroma, taste and health-promoting effects and their possible use as markers of origin and authenticity. In this review, based on 101 references, the most recent trends in the analysis of amino acids are presented: the most important techniques, the different sample treatment procedures (including derivatisation) and the most frequent applications are described and compared. Pertinent publications were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Knowledge database searches lastly performed in February 2012 with the keywords "amino acid", "analysis", "liquid chromatography", "gas chromatography", "electrophoresis", "fruit", and "vegetables"; the time limit was set from the year 2000 onwards. Although amino acids have been analysed in foods for decades, new technical possibilities and advancements have allowed ever-increasing accuracy and targeting of the methods in order to overcome the challenges posed by the complex plant matrices and their high intrinsic variability.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Sensitive and selective determination of glutathione in probiotic bacteria by capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence.
- Author
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Musenga A, Mandrioli R, Bonifazi P, Kenndler E, Pompei A, and Raggi MA
- Subjects
- Acetonitriles chemistry, Buffers, Cell Extracts chemistry, Cell Line, Chemical Precipitation, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lasers, Probiotics chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Temperature, Time Factors, Bifidobacterium chemistry, Electrophoresis, Capillary methods, Fluoresceins chemistry, Glutathione analysis, Lactococcus chemistry, Probiotics analysis
- Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol with an important function in protecting tissue against the oxidative stress which has been related to carcinogenesis in the colon. For this reason the development of probiotic species producing glutathione could be of great interest. To determine the glutathione content of some probiotic bacteria of the Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus genera, a very sensitive and selective analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence detection has been developed. Pretreatment of cell-lysate samples is very simple--precipitation of protein with acetonitrile in 1:2 volume ratio. The fluorophore 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein (5-IAF) was chosen for glutathione derivatisation; it reacts with thiols at pH 12.5, forming a fluorescent adduct which is excited by a laser at 488 nm for detection. The reaction conditions optimised were temperature, time, and 5-IAF/GSH molar ratio. Electrophoresis was performed with a carbonate buffer (25 mmol L(-1), pH 9.8) as background electrolyte and a voltage of 30 kV; an electrophoretic run was complete in less than 7 min. There was a good linear relationship between concentration and response in the range 2.5-500 ng mL(-1) and the LOD was 0.5 ng mL(-1). The glutathione content of probiotic cells was determined by using the standard additions method to reduce matrix effects. The method was fully validated and shown to be of suitable sensitivity and selectivity for determination of GSH in probiotic cell lysates.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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