Search

Background: Therapeutic patient Education (TPE) is a Patient-Centered-Care implemented to increase their empowerment. Intended for patients with chronic disease, TPE lacks of assessment tools. Through the concept of perceived value, this study increases knowledge of TPE’s effect on patients, in particular their satisfaction with participating in an oncology educative program, and how this satisfaction is built as well as its consequences. Methods: A survey was sent to 470 breast cancer patients, who benefited from TPE, to assess the perceived value of this support. 207 valid questionnaires over the 233 returned, were analyzed. Using a 7 point Likert scale (Strongly disagree - Strongly agree), relational proximity, post TPE empowerment, satisfaction, attitude, word-of-mouth intention, and perceived value were assessed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis using Partial Least Squares method with a 5000 replication bootstrap process was used. Results: SEM indicates the causal relationship between the measured constructs. Results show two important antecedents of patient’s satisfaction towards TPE: patient empowerment following educative support, and local relationship with an educator team. The two major consequences of patient’s satisfaction regarding TPE are attitude and word-of-mouth intentions towards TPE. These relationships are moderated by the patient’s profile in terms of TPE perceived value. Indeed, the REBUS PLS method highlights potential sub-groups within the studied sample (supporter convinced of its utility, passionate supporter, holistic supporter for whom the perceived costs are similar but intensity and hierarchy of perceived benefits are different). If empowerment and relational proximity with TPE teams are two major antecedents, direct and/or indirect, of lived experience’s satisfaction, nuances appear according to patient profiles in terms of perceived value of the TPE.supporter convinced (53.6%) patients satisfied with education’s care but less able to take personal responsibilities compared to other groups. Empowerment post TPE is quite high, but lower than other groupspassionate supporter (18.4%) patients looking for dual cognitive and psychological support in order to improve clinical and health outcomes. High satisfaction is due to the relational dimension of the patient’s educationnal experience and is essential for their empowerment.holistic supporter (28%) patients looking for increased knowledge, support and guidance, and the development of their capacities or aptitudes (to acquire skills and resources, gain self-confidence and adapt on a relational level). Post TPE empowerment is the major source of their high satisfaction with the lived experience. However, post TPE empowerment is also influenced by their relational proximity to the ETP team. Individual empowerment is the major antecedent of lived experience satisfaction.Conclusion: This research will allow actors in the field of TPE to better demonstrate and enhance the benefits of educative support and promote access to this personalized care practice, which is essential in the management of chronic diseases. Educative care has to be developped for cancer patients. Structural Equation Modeling resultsPCtR²Relational proximity with the TPE team to Post TPE empowerment0,5318,981***0,531Relational proximity with the TPE team to Satisfaction0,4717,739***0,457Post TPE empowerment to Satisfaction0,2954,838***Satisfaction to Attitude0,83421,599***0,695Satisfaction to Word-of-mouth intention0,074NS0,754Attitude to Word-of-mouth intention0,75410,322***Notes : PC=Path Coefficients. ***Significant coefficient. t values (Student’s T-test) > 2.575 shows a significant difference at 1% level of significance. NS=non significant difference. Citation Format: Virginie Berger, Nathalie Beaumont, Blandine Labbe, Cindy Lombart. Perceived value of patient education among breast cancer patients: A moderator of the antecedents and consequences of patients’ satisfaction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-17-04.

While the emergence of peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms has revolutionized the way people exchange goods, these platforms face the need to provide appealing products offered by independent providers. However, those providers have to deal with anonymous buyers, potentially hindering their perception of control over the exchange and their subsequent willingness to use the platform. Our research addresses this issue of providers’ control. Because prior research uses either environment-centric or individual-centric measures of control, no accurate measure of perceived control exists. This research aims to contribute by providing a scale that—in line with control theories—differentiates among the perceptions of control that derive from individual (i.e., skills-related) and those that emerge from the environment (i.e., security-related, autonomy-related). The results of four empirical studies performed in the second-hand market provide strong empirical support for the validity of our control scale, and its ability to explain the provider’s experience on the P2P platform.

PurposeThe research aim is to investigate the impacts of comparative ads used by retailers to compare the prices of their store brand (SB) products with those of equivalent national brand (NB) products. More specifically, this research examines if consumers perceive retailers as legitimate when they use comparative ads to compare the prices of their SB products to those of equivalent NB products, and how effective are these comparative ads in terms of actual purchases. This research also explores for which SB type (economy, standard or premium) and consumers are comparative ads most effective.Design/methodology/approachThis research investigates consumers' reactions to comparative ads used by retailers to compare the prices of their SB products with those of similar NB products through an experiment within a store laboratory. A between-subject design has been used. The participants of the first/second/third group (n1 = 93/n2 = 92/n3 = 91) were exposed to ads comparing the prices of retailer's economy/standard/premium SB food products with their equivalent NB food products, in the same product category. The participants of each group carried out a shopping trip in the store laboratory.FindingsConsumers consider retailers legitimate when they use comparative ads. This favourable evaluation improves their attitude towards these ads. However, the impact of retailers' legitimacy of (1) means, (2) objectives and (3) historical legitimacy on consumers' attitude towards comparative ads depends on the SB type (economy, standard and premium). By contrast, comparative ads are effective in terms of consumers' attitude towards these ads and towards SBs, along with purchase intention and actual purchases of these brands, whatever the SB type. Lastly, this research highlights that comparative ads for SBs are mainly directed at consumers with high levels of price consciousness and resistance to NBs.Research limitations/implicationsThis research only tested the impact of direct comparative advertising and an extrinsic attribute (price). The research experiment was conducted on a convenience sample, which limits its external validity.Practical implicationsThis research encourages retailers to use comparative advertising for their SBs (economy, standard and premium) for several reasons. First, this study suggests that comparative advertising is an effective tool for retailers to shape or improve consumers' attitude towards SBs, via their attitude towards comparative ads. Second, this research proposes that comparative advertising contrasting the prices of SB products with those of NB products could increase retailers' in-store sales of their SBs. Lastly, this research underlines that comparative advertising is particularly effective for consumers with high levels of price consciousness and resistance to NBs.Originality/valueThis research supplements previous research in the field of SBs and comparative advertising. Previous research on comparative advertising has examined NBs exclusively (Dianoux et al., 2013; Beard, 2018). Comparisons between SBs and NBs are lacking. This research thus validates the use of this specific form of communication for SBs, given the paucity of studies of the effects of the use of mass media communication on SBs (Nenycz-Thiel and Romaniuk, 2014; Gendel-Guterman and Levy, 2017).

PurposeAnimal welfare is increasingly favoured by consumers in their choice of food and cosmetic products, proposed by manufacturers and retailers. This study aims to investigate the impact of the “not tested on animals” claim on consumers' attitude and behavioural intention towards a cosmetic product through an enriched version of Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour.Design/methodology/approachA between-subjects design has been used. 450 participants were recruited through the social network of a cosmetics and personal hygiene brand in Quebec, Canada, and answered a questionnaire. They were randomly assigned to either a manipulation group (n = 226) or a control group (n = 224). Data were analysed with partial least squares structural equation modelling.FindingsThis study shows that external (credibility and attitude towards marketing claims) and internal psychological variables (subjective norms and altruistic concerns with animal welfare) influence attitude towards and purchase intention of “not tested on animals” personal care products. More egotistic concerns, such as personal appearance, also explain the formation of attitude towards cruelty-free cosmetics.Research limitations/implicationsThis research supplements Ajzen's original model with internal psychological (individuals' concerns with animal welfare and personal appearance) and external (general credibility of cosmetic products claims, credibility of the “not tested on animals” claim and attitude towards this claim) variables. These variables, as suggested by previous research on cosmetics and their claims, improve the understanding of consumer attitude and purchase behaviour patterns.Practical implicationsThe study's findings point out the role of companies to increase consumers' knowledge on the significance and transparency of their messages, notably the “not tested on animals” claim. They also stress that policymakers in regions where regulation is unclear should at least punish untruthful communication pertaining to animal testing in cosmetic and personal care products.Originality/valuePrior studies on cosmetic products did not investigate the difference of consumer attitude formation towards cruelty-free products compared to conventional cosmetic products. Consequently, this research shows that the construction of attitude towards cruelty-free products highly differs from conventional personal care.

This research investigates the consequences for retailers and their stores of a new sustainable consumption trend—the purchase and consumption of bulk products. It examines the effects of offering packaging-free products on three subdimensions of perceived proximity (identity, process, and relational) and on transactional loyalty (satisfaction–loyalty) and relational loyalty (satisfaction–trust–loyalty). A total of 1407 buyers and consumers of bulk products at a convenience store (of a university cooperative style) filled out an online questionnaire. These consumers were then divided into three subgroups (convinced, pragmatic, and wary). This research empirically establishes that unpacked products are a strategic tool for retailers and their stores to create or strengthen the relationships established with their customers. Unpacked products and the proximity they create between a consumer and a store are the first link in the development or preservation of a relational chain between the consumer and the store. Moreover, the step reached by the consumer in his process of purchasing and consuming packaging-free products (from the discovery stage to the already well-established habit) has a direct impact on the relational chain built.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the main dimensions of a retailer’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities (philanthropic activities, respect for the environment, respect for the consumers and respect for the workers) (e.g. Maignan, 2001; Brunk, 2010a; Öberseder et al., 2014) on consumers’ loyalty towards this retailer. Mediation (through consumers’ trust in this retailer and/or retailer’s perceived brand equity) and moderation effects (depending on the groups of consumers considered) are also studied. Design/methodology/approach This research was conducted on 547 consumers, representative of the Quebec population. These consumers were asked to select a retailer of their choice that they were familiar with (notably with its CSR activities) and to complete a questionnaire with regard to that retailer. Findings This research highlights that: the impact of a retailer’s CSR activities on consumers’ loyalty differs according to the dimensions considered (philanthropic activities, respect for the environment, the consumers and the workers), is fully or partially mediates by consumers’ trust in this retailer and/or retailer’s perceived brand equity and depends on the groups of consumers considered (the very responsible consumers, the local sceptical recyclers and the least responsible consumers). Research limitations/implications This research indicates that when CSR is considered not as an aggregate construct, but in terms of its dimensions, their impacts on consumers’ loyalty towards the retailer may differ or appear under certain conditions. Moreover, this research points out that consumers’ trust in the retailer is a partial mediator (for the philanthropic activities dimension of a retailer’s CSR activities for the very responsible consumers and the local sceptical recyclers) of the relationship between the dimension of a retailer’s CSR activities considered and consumers’ loyalty towards this retailer. Consumers’ trust in the retailer is also a full mediator (for the respect for environment dimension of a retailer’s CSR activities for the very responsible consumers) of the relationship between the dimension of a retailer’s CSR activities considered and consumers’ loyalty towards this retailer. Lastly, retailer’s perceived brand equity is a full mediator (for the respect for environment dimension of a retailer’s CSR activities for the three groups of consumers considered) of the relationship between the dimension of a retailer’s CSR activities considered and consumers’ loyalty towards this retailer. Practical implications This paper indicates to retailers that the dimensions respect for the consumers and the workers of their CSR activities do not have an impact on consumers’ loyalty. By contrast, for a retailer to be perceived by consumers as engaged in philanthropic activities or being environmentally friendly has a positive impact on consumers’ loyalty. Originality/value In this research, CSR is conceptualised as a multidimensional construct and the impacts of its main dimensions (philanthropic activities, respect for the environment, respect for consumers and respect for workers) on an important and strategic variables for retailers, loyalty, are highlighted. Moreover, this research also indicates that the impacts of a retailer’s CRS dimensions on consumers’ loyalty depend on individuals and may follow different paths (through consumers’ trust in the retailer and/or retailer’s perceived brand equity).

International audience; The application of virtual reality in human activities has been rapidly growing during the last decade. Shopping for food is an important part of people's daily lives. As overnight delivery services of fresh produce, such as Amazon Fresh, are in their development stage, more studies on virtual stores for perishable products are needed because the quality of FaVs cannot be easily assessed by consumers when virtual stores are used. This research examines the impact of a physical store, a non-immersive virtual store, and an immersive virtual store environment on consumers' perceptions and purchase behavior toward fruits and vegetables (FaVs). Experimental between-subjects design (i.e., three groups), combined with a questionnaire survey (after-only design), is used to address the study objectives. The research found that consumers' perceptions of FaVs in both non-immersive and immersive virtual stores (VS) are similar to those in a physical store. By contrast, consumers buy more FaVs in both non-immersive and immersive VS compared to a physical store. The findings also indicate that consumers tend to rely more on extrinsic cues (i.e., FaVs' prices) in the immersive VS when evaluating the FaVs on offer and less on intrinsic cues (e.g., FaVs' appearance) they use in the physical store. The results have important implications for practitioners and researchers with regard to the usefulness of virtual reality for better understanding of consumer behavior.

PurposeThis research has three research objectives. First, this research will demonstrate that the link between consumers' attitude towards a region and their intention to purchase products from that region is not direct but indirect. Second, this research will establish that perceived value of regional products and consumers' preference for these products are mediating variables of the relationship between consumers' attitude towards a region and their intention to purchase regional products. Lastly, this research will highlight cognitive (through perceived value) and affective (through preference) routes or paths, from consumers' attitude towards a region to their purchase intention of products from that region.Design/methodology/approachAs previous works in the authors’ field of research, the authors conducted a field study, combined with a questionnaire survey. 398 consumers responded to the authors’ questionnaire in a hypermarket (belonging to the retailer Système U) in Vendée (a region in France). The authors measured their attitude towards this region, their preference for regional food products and their purchase intention of these products as well as the perceived value of regional food products.FindingsThe perceived value of regional products and consumers' preference for these products are full mediating variables of the relationship between consumers' attitude towards a region and their intention to purchase products from that region.Research limitations/implicationsThis research supplements prior works. It shows that the link between consumers' attitude towards a region and their intention to purchase regional products is indirect. Consumers' purchase intention of regional products is not directly attributable to their attitude towards the region of origin of these products. Regional products and their features have to be reintegrated into this equation.Practical implicationsThis study identifies several routes or paths to explain consumers' purchase intention of regional products. A cognitive route or path, from consumers' attitude towards a region to their purchase intention of products from that region, mediates by perceived value. An affective route or path, from consumers' attitude towards a region to their purchase intention of products from that region, mediates by preference. A hybrid path that combines cognitive and affective paths, as this research established a link between perceived value and preference.Originality/valueThis research foregrounds regional products and their features, too often neglected in favour of consumers and their characteristics.

International audience; This research shows that consumers' relationship to terroir store brand, measured through attachment and two facets of brand loyalty (attitudinal and behavioral) is respectively influenced by their perceptions of the product, retailer and store. More specifically, the perceived authenticity of the products of the terroir store brand and its perceived value have a positive and significant influence on the attachment and behavioral loyalty of the regular buyers of this store brand and a positive and significant influence on the attachment of its occasional buyers. Trust in the retailer has a positive and significant impact on the behavioral loyalty of the regular buyers of this terroir store brand while perceived image of the store has only a positive and significant impact on the attitu-dinal loyalty of its occasional buyers.

International audience; This study investigates the effects of fruits and vegetables (FaVs) abnormality on consumer perceptions and purchasing behavior. For the purposes of this study, a virtual grocery store was created with a fresh FaVs section, where 142 participants became immersed using an Oculus Rift DK2 Head-Mounted Display (HMD) software. Participants were presented either “normal”, “slightly” misshapen, “moderately” misshapen or “severely” misshapen” FaVs. The study findings indicate that shoppers tend to purchase a similar number of FaVs whatever their level of deformity. However, perceptions of the appearance and quality of the FaVs depend on the degree of abnormality. “Moderately” misshapen FaVs are perceived as significantly better than those that are “heavily” misshapen but also “slightly” misshapen (except for the appearance of fruits).

International audience; Research in Virtual Reality (VR) showed that embodiment can influence participants' perceptions and behavior when embodied in a different yet plausible virtual body. In this paper, we study the changes an obese virtual body has on products perception (e.g., taste, etc.) and purchase behavior (e.g., number purchased) in an immersive virtual retail store. Participants (of a normal BMI on average) were embodied in a normal (N) or an obese (OB) virtual body and were asked to buy and evaluate food products in the immersive virtual store. Based on stereotypes that are classically associated with obese people, we expected that the group embodied in obese avatars would show a more unhealthy diet, (i.e., buy more food products and also buy more products with high energy intake, or saturated fat) and would rate unhealthy food as being tastier and healthier than participants embodied in "normal weight" avatars. Our participants also rated the perception of their virtual body: the OB group perceived their virtual body as significantly heavier and older. They also rated their sense of embodiment and presence within the immersive virtual store. These measures did not show any significant difference between groups. Finally, we asked them to rate different food products in terms of tastiness, healthiness, sustainability and price. The only difference we noticed is that participants embodied in an obese avatar (OB group) rated the coke as being significantly tastier and the apple as being significantly healthier. Nevertheless, while we hypothesized that participants embodied in a virtual body with obesity would show differences in their shopping patterns (e.g., more "unhealthy" products bought) there were no significant differences between the groups. Stereotype activation failed for our participants embodied in obese avatars, who did not exhibit a shopping behavior following the (negative) stereotypes related to obese people. conversely, while the opposite hypothesis (participants embodied in obese avatars would buy significantly more healthy products in order to "transform" their virtual bodies) could have been made, it was not the case either. We discuss these results and propose hypotheses as to why the behavior of the manipulated group differed from the one we expected. Verhulst et al. Shopping in an Obese Virtual Body Indeed, unlike previous research, our participants were embodied in virtual avatars which differed greatly from their real bodies. Obese avatars should not only modify users' visual characteristics such as hair or skin color, etc. We hypothesize that an obese virtual body may require some other non-visual stimulus, e.g., the sensation of the extra weight or the change in body size. This main difference could then explain why we did not notice any important modification on participants' behavior and perceptions of food products. We also hypothesize that the absence of stereotype activation and thus of statistical difference between our N and OB groups might be due to higher-level cognitive processes involved while purchasing food products. Indeed our participants might have rejected their virtual bodies when performing the shopping task, while the embodiment and presence ratings did not show significant differences, and purchased products based on their real (non-obese) bodies. This could mean that stereotype activation is more complex that previously thought.

International audience; ette recherche étudielesréactions (perceptions et comportements)des consommateurs confrontés,en situation d’achat, en magasin, à des fruitset légumesnon standardisésou difformes.Compte tenu desesobjectifs et des spécificitésdes produitsétudiés, elle mobilise un dispositif de magasin virtuel, couplé à une technologie nouvelle, le casque de réalité virtuelle (Oculus Rift). Les résultats ainsi obtenus enrichissentceux destravaux pionniers récents consacrés à la consommation desfruits et légumes difformesqui contribueà la diminution du gaspillage alimentaire.Ils permettent notamment de souligner l’existence d’un niveau de déformation optimalaccepté parles consommateurs.

International audience; Cette recherche questionne l’efficacité des stratégies d’enrichissement des offres d’expérience. Un modèle intégrant différents effets de ces stratégies sur le consommateur : émotions positives élémentaires – enchantement – satisfaction – valeur de consommation – intentions comportementales est proposé. Une étude dans le secteur touristique valide empiriquement le modèle mais conduit à rejeter l’hypothèse d’un effet des contextes expérientiels différenciés sur ce modèle.

Disponible en ligne sur le site de l'éditeur : http://ram.sagepub.com/content/20/1/21.full.pdf; The main goal of this research is to study some non-transactional consequences of browsing such as subjective knowledge, opinion leadership, and word-of-mouth. Our results from a field study in a retail store validate the hypothesized linkages between browsing and subjective expertise, opinion leadership, and word-of-mouth. Furthermore, our findings point out the relationships between subjective expertise and opinion leadership as well as between opinion leadership and word-of-mouth. Finally, our results highlight that consumer's enduring involvement may be considered as an antecedent of his/her browsing behaviour as well as his/her level of subjective expertise, opinion leadership, and word-of-mouth.; L'objectif principal de cette recherche est d'étudier certaines conséquences non transactionnelles du butinage, telles que l'expertise subjective, le leadership d'opinion et le bouche-à-oreille. Les résultats d'une étude de terrain réalisée au sein d'un magasin valident les liens supposés entre butinage et expertise subjective, leadership d'opinion et bouche-à-oreille. Par ailleurs, nos résultats soulignent les relations existantes entre expertise subjective et leadership d'opinion ainsi qu'entre leadership d'opinion et bouche-à-oreille. Finalement, ceux-ci mettent en évidence que l'implication durable d'un consommateur peut être considérée comme un antécédent de son comportement de butinage ainsi que de ses niveaux d'expertise subjective, de leadership d'opinion et d'activité de bouche-à-oreille.

This research investigates consumers' reactions in store to an increase of the self space devoted to store brands. The experiment conducted in a store laboratory shows that this increase has an impact on their perceptions of the assortment offered, their purchases, and their level of satisfaction from the visit of the store as well as their intention to return to it. By adopting consumers' point of view, this research completes the previous studies devoted to shelf space allocation between store and national brands which only considered manufacturers' or retailers' point of view., Cette recherche appréhende les réactions des consommateurs confrontés en magasin à l'accroissement de l'espace alloué aux Marques De Distributeurs. L'expérimentation menée dans un magasin laboratoire montre que cet accroissement a un impact sur leurs perceptions de l'assortiment offert, leurs achats, leur niveau de satisfaction retiré de la visite du point de vente, ainsi que sur leur intention d'y revenir. En adoptant le point de vue des consommateurs, cette recherche complète les études antérieures consacrées à l'allocation du linéaire entre Marques De Distributeurs et Marques Nationales qui considéraient les seules perspectives des fabricants ou des distributeurs.

The objective of this research is to study retailers' positioning and the way they are different from each other through the concepts of image and personality. To illustrate this point, eight retailers in three sectors (grocery, clothing and sport articles) that are leading retailers in France in their respective sectors are considered. The tools studied, image, and personality, are, thus, applicable to generalists (in the grocery sector) and specialists (in the clothing and sport articles sectors), as well as to retailers providing utilitarian products (in the grocery sector) and retailers providing symbolic products (in the clothing sector). This research highlights the stronger differentiating power of the concept of personality compared to the concept of image. It also indicates that these tools are complementary. While the concept of image focuses on functional attributes of retailers, the concept of personality concentrates on their symbolic characteristics.

International audience; Quelles techniques promotionnelles devraient être privilégiées pour défendre le pouvoir d’achat des consommateurs : les réductions de prix immédiates ou les lots virtuels ? Une expérimentation menée en magasin laboratoire a tout d’abord montré que les lots virtuels sont perçus comme moins intéressants que les réductions de prix immédiates. En outre, ils augmentent les dépenses des consommateurs en les incitant à ache- ter en plus grande quantité les produits en promotion pour bénéficier de la remise mais aussi, indirectement, d’autres produits hors promotion. Les réductions de prix immédiates sont ainsi plus appropriées pour défendre le pouvoir d’achat des consommateurs. Les lots virtuels seraient toutefois pertinents pour les produits aux taux de consommation élevés et/ou aux habitudes de stockage fortes et/ou aux valeurs faciales unitaires faibles. De futures recherches devraient compléter ces premières motivations d’achat opportunistes de lots virtuels.

Disponible en ligne sur le site de l'éditeur : http://ram.sagepub.com/content/22/4/5.full.pdf+html; L'objectif majeur de cette recherche est d'étudier les principales conséquences à court et plus long terme du comportement de butinage au sein d'un point de vente suggérées par la littérature scientifique: la réalisation d'achats non planifiés, le temps passé en magasin, les réactions affectives ressenties, la satisfaction du consommateur et, par conséquent, ses intentions de revenir dans le magasin, d'y réaliser des achats futurs et de le recommander. Pour ce faire, une étude terrain a été réalisée au sein de l'espace loisirs d'un hypermarché (livres, bandes dessinées, DVD, CD, jeux vidéo, etc.) auprès de 599 consommateurs. Il en ressort que la principale conséquence à court terme du comportement de butinage est le temps passé au sein du point de vente. Les réactions affectives ressenties et la satisfaction du consommateur viennent ensuite et précèdent finalement la réalisation d'achats non planifiés.

Disponible en ligne sur le site de l'éditeur : http://ram.sagepub.com/content/19/2/1.1.full.pdf+html; This paper develops a scale of browsing following the procedure advocated by Churchill (1979). The concept of browsing is presented, then the building of the scale. An initial qualitative study of 17 consumers was used followed by four stages of data collection among 530 consumers to reach a reliable and valid uni-dimensional scale operationalised through seven items.; Cet article présente la mise au point, suivant le paradigme de Churchill (1979), d'une échelle de mesure du butinage. Après avoir présenté le concept de butinage, nous exposons les différentes étapes du paradigme de Churchill appliqué à celui-ci. Au terme d'une étude qualitative menée auprès de 17 consommateurs et de 4 collectes de données conduites auprès de 530 consommateurs, nous proposons une échelle de mesure fiable et valide du butinage, outil unidimensionnel matérialisé pour 7 propositions.