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This paper introduces the Watermark Imaging System (WImSy) which can be used to photograph, document, and study sheets of paper. The WImSy provides surface images, raking light images, and transmitted light images of the paper, all in perfect alignment. We develop algorithms that exploit this alignment by combining several images together in a process that mimics both the "surface image removal" technique and the method of "high dynamic range" photographs. An improved optimization criterion and an automatic parameter selection procedure streamline the process and make it practical for art historians and conservators to extract the relevant information to study watermarks. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in several experiments on images taken with the WImSy at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and at the Getty Museum in Los Angeles, and the results are compared with manually optimized images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note is written to show that the definition of the LA-semihypergroup by V. Amjad, K. Hila and F. Yousafzai "Generalized hyperideals in locally associative left almost semihypergroups, New York J. Math. 2014" should be corrected and that it is not enough to replace the multiplication "·" of an LA-semigroup by the hyperoperation "ο" to pass from an LA-semigroup to an LA-semihypergroup. The two examples of the paper based on the definition of the LA-semihypergroup are wrong that is a further indication that this definition needs correction. According to the last section of the paper, the paper generalizes the results of an LA-semigroup by M. Akram, N. Yaqoob and M. Khan "On (m, n) -ideals of left almost semigroups, Appl. Math. Sci. (Ruse) 2013" while the paper duplicates, without citation, the section 4 of the paper by W. Khan, F. Yousafzai, W. Guo and M. Khan "On (m, n) -ideals of left almost semigroups, J. Semigroup Theory Appl. 2014" with the usual change of "·" to "ο". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the reliability and power quality at Champion International Corp. paper mill in Deferiet, New York. Numerous process interruptions experienced by Champion; Voltage sags emanating from the Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. transmission system; Causes and location of faults; Mitigation techniques.

Some nomads have their own websites and are on Facebook, which might be worth exploring. There is no typology of these nomads; some have regularity, some on highly ad hoc (just hitting the road) ventures, and some using websites, Facebook, and Internet gatherings to construct a community. Bruder mentions the I RV Daily Report i , the Rubber Tramp Rendezvous, roving GTG (get togethers), FreeCampsites.net, Kampgrounds of America, Amazon's CamperForce, and Craigslist (for job opportunities). [Extracted from the article]

Background: To guide and provide orientation to research on student suicide, this study aimed to analyze the research status on student suicide with the help of bibliometric analysis. Utilising bibliometric methodology, this study complements existing literature by giving a comprehensive, reliable thematic representation of this topic. Method: A Scopus search was done and all published research papers were reviewed. A total of 187 papers published between 1959 and 2021 were analyzed. We identified the most influential journals in this field, the most prolific nations and institutions, as well as the years with the most publications, the most cited papers, notable authors, and most researched areas, It was followed by use of the VOSviewer software (version 1.6.18) to construct and visualize the bibliometric networks like co-authorship network map, inter-country co-authorship network map, and keywords co-occurrences network maps. Results: The analysis reveals the current research trend where the number of publications on 'student suicide' reflects an overall upward trend over the years, suggesting that research on student suicidology is fast evolving but the pace is slow. The maximum publications were in the year 2020. The United States made the largest contribution (n = 85). The most productive institution was the University of Rochester, New York (n = 10). Allan J Schwartz was the most prolific author, with nine research papers. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy (n = 13) was the journal and Medicine (n = 118) was the discipline with the highest number of publications. Conclusion: The study potentially has important implications for designing more comprehensive screening and assessment tools for suicide risk. Future work should pay more attention to developing effective intervention programs for students. The results also highlight the need for more research work on student suicidology. More research in this area is needed to create awareness among students. Consequently, this study can be a big critique and torch bearer at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive Summary: This paper examines the staffing needs of the US Department of Justice's Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), as it seeks to eliminate an immigration court backlog, which approached 2.5 million pending cases at the end of fiscal year (FY) 2023. A previous study by the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) attributed the backlog to systemic, long-neglected problems in the broader US immigration system. This paper provides updated estimates of the number of immigration judges (IJs) and "judge teams" (IJ teams) needed to eliminate the backlog over ten and five years based on different case receipt and completion scenarios. It also introduces a data tool that will permit policymakers, administrators and researchers to make their own estimates of IJ team hiring needs based on changing case receipt and completion data. Finally, the paper outlines the pressing need for reform of the US immigration system, including a well-resourced, robust, and independent court system, particularly in light of record "encounters" of migrants at US borders in FY 2022 and 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To test alternative explanations for the comorbidity between fibromyalgia (FM), a medically unexplained syndrome involving widespread pain, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In contrast to a default “risk factor” hypothesis, tested hypotheses were that: A) The association is due to a sampling bias introduced by the study of care-seeking individuals; B) FM is an additive burden that strains coping resources when confronting life stress; and C) Arousal symptoms of PTSD and FM are confounded. Community-dwelling women in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area (N=1,312) completed a telephone survey regarding FM-like symptoms prior to September 11, 2001. Approximately 6 months after the World Trade Center terrorist attacks, they again completed the survey, to which questions regarding PTSD symptoms were added. The odds of probable PTSD were more than three times greater in women with FM-like symptoms, both assessed after 9/11. The odds ratio was not reduced by controlling for FM-like symptoms before 9/11 or for the potentially confounded symptoms of PTSD specifically related to arousal. These findings lead us to reject alternate explanations for the comorbidity between FM and PTSD. Speculations that FM and PTSD share psychobiological risk factors remain plausible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on two exhibitions of surrealist art works in New York in October 1942. Definition of surrealism; Key examples of the avant-garde's forays into installation art; Details of the two exhibitions.

Background: Menstruators facing period poverty often struggle with menstrual hygiene and waste management, which can result in harmful short- and long-term health outcomes such as urinary tract infections, yeast infections, and vulvar contact dermatitis. Research indicates that 42% of menstruators in the United States have difficulty affording period products. Traditional methods of distributing period products through social services may unintentionally undermine menstruators' agency, leading to disempowerment and inefficient resource allocation. Period product pantries are a novel approach aimed at addressing period poverty, inequity, and inadequate menstrual health education in the United States. Objectives: This paper aims to examine the development, organization, and implementation of two distinct period product pantry networks in Ohio and New York. It seeks to compare the advantages and challenges of grassroots versus nonprofit-led models and to provide practical insights for future pantry operators. Design: The study examines two models of period product pantries: a grassroots effort led by three local residents in Ohio and an initiative spearheaded by a nonprofit organization in New York. The design includes a comparative analysis of both models' organization, funding methods, and operational structures. Methods: The authors gathered data on the construction, operation, and usage of two pantry networks, focusing on factors such as accessibility, community engagement, and sustainability. The study employed a combination of qualitative methods, including interviews with organizers, and a review of organizational documents to analyze the effectiveness and scalability of each model. Results: Both pantry networks increased accessibility to period products in low socioeconomic neighborhoods, which are disproportionately affected by period poverty. The grassroots model, while resource-limited, fostered strong community ties and local engagement. The nonprofit-led model benefited from dedicated staff and a more stable funding structure but faced bureaucratic challenges. Despite their differences, both models demonstrated the potential to empower menstruators by preserving their dignity and autonomy. Conclusions: Period product pantries represent an innovative and equitable approach to addressing period poverty and inequity. The analysis of the two models offers valuable insights for organizations and individuals interested in establishing similar initiatives. While each model has its unique benefits and challenges, both are effective in empowering menstruators and providing accessible menstrual hygiene products to those in need. Registration: Not applicable. Plain language summary: Fighting for menstrual equity through period product pantries Period product pantries are a new way to help people who can't afford period products and don't have enough education about menstrual health in the U.S. Many people who experience period poverty, or trouble getting products like pads and tampons, also face barriers to staying clean and managing period waste. This can cause health issues like infections. About 42% of people who get periods in the U.S. say they've had trouble paying for these products. Period product pantries are different from older methods of getting free products, like through social services, because they let people get what they need without feeling embarrassed or losing their sense of control. This paper looks at two types of period pantries: one started by three local people in Ohio and another run by a nonprofit group in New York. Both help people in neighborhoods where it's hard to afford period products. The paper talks about how these pantries were set up, how they are funded, and what worked well or didn't. The goal is to show how these pantries can be a good, fair way to help people while giving advice to others who might want to start their own pantries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a DNA science and technology course which taught at the University of Albany for high school students during the summer of 1998. What was learnt during the course; Details on the use of Escherichia coli in experiments; Information on plasmids; In-depth look at the course.

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Given that Ecuadorians are one of the largest groups of Hispanics living in New York, they have become a tight community that they now call little Ecuador. Although Ecuadorians living in the diaspora in NYC come from different parts of the country (mostly from the Andean region), they share the same cultural practices they performed in Ecuador that give them the sense of being in their country without bearing the instability and turmoil their country experiences. This shows how the group has fostered a sense of a multifaceted, multidimensional simultaneity between the host country and the motherland. The goal of this paper is to analyze the strategies Ecuadorian migrants use to validate their language and cultural practices to negotiate their identity as a group. Data for this paper come from ethnographic observations, semi-spontaneous conversations, oral interviews with members of the group, along with pictures taken while walking the community and participating in some of their events. Our study reveals that participants hold varying perceptions regarding their linguistic and cultural practices. However, it is noteworthy that they recognize these practices as a manifestation of Ecuadorianness, signifying a sense of solidarity among community members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the problem of imaginative resistance in science, that is, why and under what circumstances imagination sometimes resists certain scenarios. In the first part, the paper presents and discusses two accounts concerning the problem and relevant for the main thesis of this study. The first position is that of Gendler (Journal of Philosophy 97:55–81, 2000), (Gendler, in: Nichols (ed) The Architecture of the Imagination: New essays on pretence, possibility and fiction, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006a), (Gendler & Liao, in: Gibson, Carroll (eds) The routledge companion to philosophy of literature, Routledge, New York, 2016), according to which imaginative resistance mainly concerns evaluative scenarios, presenting deviant moral attitudes. The second account examined is that of Kim et al. (in: Cova, Réhault (eds) Advances in experimental philosophy of aesthetics, Bloomsbury, London, 2018), who insisted on the link between imaginative resistance on the one hand and counterfactual and counterdescriptive scenarios on the other. In the light of both theories, this paper discusses the importance of addressing the problem of imaginative resistance in the scientific enterprise in the light of some mechanisms of embodied simulation, based on the activity of mirror neurons and investigated within the framework of the Embodied Simulation Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of New York admitted 143 million metric tons of carbon emissions from fossil fuels in 2020, prompting the ambitious goal set by the CLCPA to achieve carbon neutrality. The paper focused on analyzing and predicting carbon emissions using four different machine-learning algorithms. It examined emissions from fossil fuel combustion from 1990 to 2020 and validated four different algorithms to choose the most effective one for predicting emissions from 2020 to 2050. The analysis covered various economic sectors including transportation, residential, commercial, industrial, and electric power. By analyzing policies, the paper forecasted emissions for 2030 and 2050, leading to the identification of different pathways to reach carbon neutrality. The research concluded that in order to achieve neutrality, radical measures must be taken by the state of New York. Additionally, the paper compared the most recent data for 2021 with the forecasts, showing that significant measures need to be implemented to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Despite some studies assuming a trend of decreased emissions, the research revealed different results. The paper presents three pathways, two of which follow the ambitious plan to reach carbon neutrality. As a result, the emission amount by 2050 for the different pathways was projected to be 31.1, 22.4, and 111.95 of MMt CO2 e, showcasing the need for urgent action to combat climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The extent of past Indigenous cultural burning in the eastern US remains contested. Historical documents (e.g. early histories, journals, and reports) contain descriptions of burning. Scholars have summarised descriptions, but few have compiled them into databases. Aims: This paper presents efforts to compile descriptions of past Indigenous burning in the eastern US and early results from mapped descriptions. Methods: Utilising previously cited descriptions and those discovered from digitised historical texts, the current dataset mapped >250 descriptions of burning in the northeastern US. Most were historical summaries from 19th century authors, and fewer were firsthand observations. Descriptions are currently shared as a GIS data layer, a tabular file, and an interactive web map. Key results: Descriptions correspond with fire-adapted vegetation, and clusters of descriptions suggest burning over large extents (e.g. southern New England, western New York). Estimated dates of burning or initial Euro-American settlement show an east–west succession in Indigenous fire exclusion and replacement with early Euro-American burning. Conclusions: Historical descriptions suggest regional-extent influence of Indigenous burning upon past forested ecosystems, but the veracity of descriptions should be carefully evaluated. Implications: This study provides a dataset for further examination of Indigenous burning and comparison with other methodologies for historical cultural fire reconstruction. This study creates a dataset of historical descriptions of Indigenous wildland burning from digitised historical texts in the eastern US. The current version of the dataset contains >250 descriptions in the northeastern US, mainly from 19th century historians. Descriptions correspond with geographic patterns in past fire-adapted vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What constitutes a traumatic event and how trauma victims receive treatment has evolved. Individuals can now access treatment through a more person-centered approach. In contrast, the client is viewed as a person and not a diagnosis and receives treatment in less restrictive environments with the client being more involved in their care plan. This trauma-informed care approach has proven beneficial in clinical settings (Bloom in Natl Abandon Infants Assist Resour Center 16:12–17, 2007; Bloom in Levin and Becker (eds), A public health perspective of women's mental health, Springer, New York, 2010; Fallot RD, Harris M. Creating cultures of trauma-informed care: a self-assessment and planning protocol. Community Connections. 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272167009%5fCreating%5fCultures%5fof%5fTrauma-Informed%5fCare%5fA%5fSelf-Assessment%5fand%5fPlanning%5fProtocol.; Isobel et al. in Int J Ment Health Nurs 30:495–505, 2021). However, this way of thinking could be valuable in non-clinical settings. The purpose of this qualitative conceptual review was to introduce how trauma-informed care principles could be integrated into the workplace. Tools and guidelines shown to be beneficial for introducing a more trauma-informed approach in clinical settings are reviewed. Recommendations are then made on how said tools and procedures can be manipulated and used in various workplaces. This paper is a starting point for the conversations that need to occur at all levels of an organization interested in applying a trauma-informed care approach to a non-clinical work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Article, Jim Hawkins examines in depth the role of expression in the early labor movement. Focusing on the use of the press, publications, petitions, pamphlets and strikes in the labor movement in New York City from 1800 to 1860, the author argues that although the courts failed to protect labor expression, expression nonetheless was an essential weapon in the early labor movement's arsenal. Between 1833 and 1836, the labor movement won three major trials through jury verdicts by appealing directly to the Constitution—an early and successful form of popular constitutionalism. These victories demonstrate the labor movement's ability to influence constitutional culture to broaden the scope of free speech protection for workers and suggest that the early labor movement 's conception of free speech may have paved the way for subsequent movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a principled approach to adjourning the decision to enforce under the Model Law and the New York Convention. Background on the New York Convention and the Model Law; Possible conflict between domestic practices and international policies; Overview of the working papers of the United Nationals Conference on International Commercial Arbitration regarding Article VI of the New York Convention.

This article focuses on papers discussed at the round table meeting on "the teaching of elementary economics" on December 30, 1949, at New York. Since the movement toward a general course in the social sciences seems to one essential it would be useful at this stage to collate the experiences of the hundred institutions now engaged in offering such a course. Fortunately both the American Economic Association and the American Political Science Association are engaged in a survey of this field by questionnaire and interviews. It is already clear, however, that the general course can be expected to follow no set formula. Its content and emphasis will vary from college to college with the abilities, interests, and philosophies of the staff members, and with the financial resources of the institution. One do not consider such diversity unfortunate. It is fragmentation and compartmentalization which are making the teaching of the social sciences increasingly ineffective in the light of social integration today. The closest integration will continue to recognize the infinite diversity contained in the fundamental unity of society.