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The current research work presents an investigation into use of the fitting coefficients resulting from the cubic curve fitting of the torque transducer calibration results in one direction to calculate the actual torque in the other torque direction with two methods: one is direct substitution with the nominal torque which gives a propagated linear relative interpolation error and the other is changing the sign of the second coefficient in the cubic function when using in the other torque direction. This proposed modification improves the absolute relative interpolation error by 5 to 16 times in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions based on the torque transducer’s classification.

Background: The complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) results in ventricular dyssynchrony and a reduction in systolic and diastolic efficiency. We noticed a distinct clockwise rotation of the left ventricle (LV) in patients with CLBBB ("longitudinal rotation"). Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify the "longitudinal rotation" of the LV in patients with CLBBB in comparison to patients with normal conduction or complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB). Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with normal QRS, CRBBB, or CLBBB were included. Stored raw data DICOM 2D apical-4 chambers view images cine clips were analyzed using EchoPac plugin version 203 (GE Vingmed Ultrasound AS, Horten, Norway). In EchoPac–Q-Analysis, 2D strain application was selected. Instead of apical view algorithms, the SAX-MV (short axis—mitral valve level) algorithm was selected for analysis. A closed loop endocardial contour was drawn to initiate the analysis. The "posterior" segment (representing the mitral valve) was excluded before finalizing the analysis. Longitudinal rotation direction, peak angle, and time-to-peak rotation were recorded. Results: All patients with CLBBB (n = 21) had clockwise longitudinal rotation with mean four chamber peak rotation angle of −3.9 ± 2.4°. This rotation is significantly larger than in patients with normal QRS (−1.4 ± 3°, p = 0.005) and CRBBB (0.1 ± 2.2°, p = 0.00001). Clockwise rotation was found to be correlated to QRS duration in patients with the non-RBBB pattern. The angle of rotation was not associated with a lower ejection fraction or the presence of regional wall abnormalities. Conclusions: Significant clockwise longitudinal rotation was found in CLBBB patients compared to normal QRS or CRBBB patients using speckle-tracking echocardiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a growing application of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in the examination of corneal microstructure, including different corneal layers and corneal nerve fibers in health and in pathological conditions. Corneal nerves forming the sub-basal nerve plexus (SBNP) beneath the corneal basal epithelial cell layer in particular have been intensively researched in health and disease as a marker for corneal neurophysioanatomical and degenerative changes. One intriguing feature in the SBNP that is found inferior to the corneal apex, is a whorl-like pattern (or vortex) of nerves, which represents an anatomical landmark. Evidence has indicated that the architecture of this 'whorl region' is dynamic, changing with time in healthy individuals but also in disease conditions such as in diabetic neuropathy and keratoconus. This review summarizes the known information regarding the characteristics and significance of the whorl region of nerves in the corneal SBNP, as a potential area of high relevance for future disease monitoring and diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research work presents an investigation into use of the fitting coefficients resulting from the cubic curve fitting of the torque transducer calibration results in one direction to calculate the actual torque in the other torque direction with two methods: one is direct substitution with the nominal torque which gives a propagated linear relative interpolation error and the other is changing the sign of the second coefficient in the cubic function when using in the other torque direction. This proposed modification improves the absolute relative interpolation error by 5 to 16 times in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions based on the torque transducer's classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Rotational errors of implants can occur during two stages: when connecting impression copings with implants, and when connecting impression copings with analogs. The aim of this study was to determine ways to minimize these rotational errors. Materials and Methods: Three types of implants were prepared: a tissue-level implant with an internal octagon 8-degree Morse taper connection, a bone-level implant with an internal hex 11-degree Morse taper connection, and a bone-level implant with an external hex connection. Each complex (n = 10 per group) was composed of an implant, an impression coping, and an analog. Implants were embedded in resin blocks and connected with corresponding impression copings. Analogs that reproduced the position of the implants were created by means of a custom-made transfer jig, and rotational errors were measured between implants and analogs. Impression copings and analogs were connected by means of four methods: The impression coping was connected to the implant in a clockwise (CW) or a counterclockwise (CCW) direction before tightening, and the analogs were then connected with impression copings and tightened using a hemostat (Hs) or by hand (Hd). Results: The CW-Hs and CCW-Hd groups exhibited low rotational error (mean ± standard deviation 0.11 ± 0.21 and 0.19 ± 0.34 degrees, respectively), whereas the CW-Hd and CCW-Hs groups exhibited high rotational error (-1.80 ± 0.67 and 2.07 ± 0.75, respectively) in different directions. A strong association was observed between the tightening method and rotational error, and a weak association was observed between the connection type and rotational error. Conclusion: The CW-Hs method was found to be the most suitable for minimizing rotational error between implants and analogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) results in ventricular dyssynchrony and a reduction in systolic and diastolic efficiency. We noticed a distinct clockwise rotation of the left ventricle (LV) in patients with CLBBB (“longitudinal rotation”). Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify the “longitudinal rotation” of the LV in patients with CLBBB in comparison to patients with normal conduction or complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB). Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with normal QRS, CRBBB, or CLBBB were included. Stored raw data DICOM 2D apical-4 chambers view images cine clips were analyzed using EchoPac plugin version 203 (GE Vingmed Ultrasound AS, Horten, Norway). In EchoPac–Q-Analysis, 2D strain application was selected. Instead of apical view algorithms, the SAX-MV (short axis—mitral valve level) algorithm was selected for analysis. A closed loop endocardial contour was drawn to initiate the analysis. The “posterior” segment (representing the mitral valve) was excluded before finalizing the analysis. Longitudinal rotation direction, peak angle, and time-to-peak rotation were recorded. Results: All patients with CLBBB (n = 21) had clockwise longitudinal rotation with mean four chamber peak rotation angle of −3.9 ± 2.4°. This rotation is significantly larger than in patients with normal QRS (−1.4 ± 3°, p = 0.005) and CRBBB (0.1 ± 2.2°, p = 0.00001). Clockwise rotation was found to be correlated to QRS duration in patients with the non-RBBB pattern. The angle of rotation was not associated with a lower ejection fraction or the presence of regional wall abnormalities. Conclusions: Significant clockwise longitudinal rotation was found in CLBBB patients compared to normal QRS or CRBBB patients using speckle-tracking echocardiography.

Verity Lambert's brief period as Director of Production at Thorn-EMI Screen Entertainment (TESE) was responsible for the in-house development of five films: Morons from Outer Space (1985), Restless Natives (1985), Dreamchild (1985), Link (1986) and Clockwise (1986), although she had left the company before the last three were released. There has been limited critical engagement with these productions and Lambert's tenure in general, with the existing literature on this material tending to emphasise the eclectic nature of what were to be TESE's last releases before the company's sale to Cannon (Hill 1999; Moody 2018; Park 1990; Walker 1985; Walker 2004; Wickham and Mettler 2005). Drawing on a series of detailed interviews with former TESE Production Executive, Graham Easton, along with previously unreleased archival documents from the Film Finances archive, this article develops a more detailed textual analysis and production history of these releases, in order more clearly to map TESE's complexities during this period. By engaging more coherently with the themes and aesthetics of TESE's output, the article argues that there is a consistency to Lambert's productions which can be seen at both a thematic and a stylistic level, centred on notions of constraint and obstacles to communication, and that this was nurtured by the environment created by Lambert and the Film Finances completion bond for each film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was carried out to find out the retrospective incidence of uterine torsion in buffaloes among obstetrical cases in Amul milk shed area and factors influencing it. Data on 1,13,772 obstetrical cases attended from January 2017 to June 2018 by Amul Veterinarians were collected. Moreover, 50 buffaloes suffering from uterine torsion were taken up during July-December, 2018 to know the side, site, degree of uterine torsion, parity as well as sex and viability of the calf and the dam after detorsion/Caesarean section in the same area. In the retrospective study, a total of 2000 cases of uterine torsion were recorded among total 1,13,772 bovine obstetrical cases, which encompassed 1.76%. Of the 2000 cases, 92.20 (1844) percent torsions were found in buffaloes only. Among 57,111 obstetrical cases attended in buffaloes, the incidence of uterine torsion was 3.23%. Moreover, the region/center-wise incidence of torsion cases varied from 1.30-19.36%. The highest incidence of uterine torsion was found in Anand region (19.36 %) followed by Kathlal (11.23 %) and Mahemdabad (10.14 %) regions, while the lowest incidence was in Virpur (2.06%), Petlad (1.46%) and Piplata (1.30%). It was concluded that buffaloes mostly experience right side (100%), post-cervical (82%) uterine torsion of 270-360° (66%), at full term of gestation (70%) with lower survivability of the calves (30%), however, the survival rate of the dams post-treatment was 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Heat transfer and pressure drop in the transitional flow regime. • Experiments with clockwise and counter clockwise twisted tape inserts. • Tape connection angle enhanced heat transfer. • Start and end of transition depended on connection angle and heat flux. • Earlier transition with increased connection angle and decreased heat flux. Abstract The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a smooth circular tube with alternating clockwise and counter clockwise twisted tape (CCCTT) inserts. The CCCTT inserts were fabricated from copper plate strips with a length, width and thickness of 450 mm, 18 mm and 1 mm respectively. The strips were twisted to obtain a twist ratio of 5 and 12 strips were joined longitudinally so that a clockwise direction twisted tape insert was connected to a counter clockwise direction twisted tape. The assembling was at connection angles of 0°, 30° and 60°, to form CCCTT inserts with an overall length of 5.27 m. The CCCTT inserts were placed in a smooth circular copper tube with an inner diameter of 19 mm. Water was used as the test fluid and experiments were conducted at constant heat fluxes of 1.35, 2, 3 and 4 kW/m2 between Reynolds numbers of 300 and 11,404. This covered the laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes. Specific attention was given to the identification of the transitional flow regime with the CCCTT inserts and the influence of the connection angle and heat flux on the transitional flow regime. It was found that both the start and the end of the transitional flow regime were influenced by the connection angle and the heat flux. When different connection angles were compared it was found that an increase in connection angle enhanced the heat transfer in the transitional flow regime. An increase in heat flux significantly enhanced the heat transfer in the laminar flow regime and delayed transition. Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations were developed to predict the experimental data in the laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes as a function Reynolds number, modified Grashof number and connection angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The subjective visual vertical (SVV) is a measure of otolith-mediated verticality perception. The aim of this study was to test otolith function using the SVV in patients with posterior canal (PC) benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) before and after Epley's Canalith repositioning maneuver (CRM). Methodology: This study included 20 PC BPPV patients and 20 healthy control subjects. SVV was tested using special equipment, at the time of BPPV diagnosis, then after CRM, and then 1 week after the resolution of vertigo and nystagmus. SVV was determined from clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) directions. The absolute average and the conventional numerical average was calculated. Results: Using the conventional method, there was no statistically significant difference between BPPV and their controls regarding either the CW or the CCW-SVV or the average slope. There was no statistically significant difference between CW and CCW-SVV in the patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean SVV values or the distribution of normal and abnormal results or the distribution of the SVV tilt between both-sided BPPV. Using the absolute average, SVV tilt was significantly higher in the patients than the controls. The preset angle affected the result. The mean SVV was significantly lower after resolution of BPPV than before treatment. Conclusion: Absolute SVV average was more accurate than numerical SVV average. There was a reduction of the SVV tilt after the CRM in BPPV patients. So, the SVV test can be used as a prognostic test for BPPV improvement after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pre-maxillary complex (pre-maxilla [PMX] + vomer) morphology in bilateral complete cleft of primary and secondary palate (BCLCP) is very complex and less reviewed in literature. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 200 consecutive BCLCP patients were selected. Their pre-operative clinical photographs and dental casts were evaluated by a single investigator at two different points of time, to study the morphology of PMX and vomer with special emphasis on deviation of vomer and rotation of PMX. Results: It is found that in above 70% of patients, PMX and vomer both displaced or deviated towards left side in horizontal plane and PMX rotated anticlockwise at PMX vomerine suture (PVS). In 10% of cases, both PMX and vomer are displaced towards the right side, PMX rotated clockwise at PVS. In 11% of cases, vomer is displaced towards the left side, but PMX rotated clockwise at PVS. In 5% of cases, vomer is displaced towards the right side, but PMX rotated anticlockwise at PVS. Both PMX and vomer are in midline in 4% of cases. Conclusion: Specific morphological deviation of vomer and PMX has been studied. We put forward the probable hypothesis to explain the deviation and rotation of PMX.

Introduction: Pre-maxillary complex (pre-maxilla [PMX] + vomer) morphology in bilateral complete cleft of primary and secondary palate (BCLCP) is very complex and less reviewed in literature. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 200 consecutive BCLCP patients were selected. Their pre-operative clinical photographs and dental casts were evaluated by a single investigator at two different points of time, to study the morphology of PMX and vomer with special emphasis on deviation of vomer and rotation of PMX. Results: It is found that in above 70% of patients, PMX and vomer both displaced or deviated towards left side in horizontal plane and PMX rotated anticlockwise at PMX vomerine suture (PVS). In 10% of cases, both PMX and vomer are displaced towards the right side, PMX rotated clockwise at PVS. In 11% of cases, vomer is displaced towards the left side, but PMX rotated clockwise at PVS. In 5% of cases, vomer is displaced towards the right side, but PMX rotated anticlockwise at PVS. Both PMX and vomer are in midline in 4% of cases. Conclusion: Specific morphological deviation of vomer and PMX has been studied. We put forward the probable hypothesis to explain the deviation and rotation of PMX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orientation bias and directionality bias are two fundamental functional characteristics of the visual system. Reviewing the relevant literature in visual psychophysics and visual neuroscience we propose here a three-stage model of directionality bias in visuospatial functioning. We call this model the ‘ Perception-Action-Laterality ’ (PAL) hypothesis. We analyzed the research findings for a wide range of visuospatial tasks, showing that there are two major directionality trends in perceptual preference: clockwise versus anticlockwise . It appears these preferences are combinatorial, such that a majority of people fall in the first category demonstrating a preference for stimuli/objects arranged from left-to-right rather than from right-to-left, while people in the second category show an opposite trend. These perceptual biases can guide sensorimotor integration and action, creating two corresponding turner groups in the population. In support of PAL, we propose another model explaining the origins of the biases – how the neurogenetic factors and the cultural factors interact in a biased competition framework to determine the direction and extent of biases. This dynamic model can explain not only the two major categories of biases in terms of direction and strength, but also the unbiased, unreliably biased or mildly biased cases in visuosptial functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this pilot study was to explore the risk of metabolic abnormalities in steel workers employed in different shift-work rotations. Male workers in a steel factory [16 employed in a fast clockwise rotation (CW), 18 in slow counterclockwise rotation (CC), 9 day workers (DW); mean age 43.3 ± SD 6.8 years] with at least 5 years experience in their current work schedule participated. All workers provided fasting blood samples between 06:00 and 08:00 h for plasma glucose, insulin, apo-lipoproteins A and B (ApoA, ApoB), high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL), total cholesterol (tCH), triglycerides (TG), minimally oxidized (mox) LDL, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). HOMA index (homeostatic model assessment) was calculated to evaluate insulin resistance, beta cell function and risk of diabetes. Information on demographics, health, stimulants, sleep, social and work life, chronotype (phase of entrainment) and social jetlag (difference between mid-sleep on workdays and free days) as a surrogate for circadian disruption was collected by questionnaire. Neither chronotype nor social jetlag was associated with any of the metabolic risk blood markers. There were no significant differences in 25(OH)D, ApoA, ApoB, CRP, HDL, IL-8, insulin, LDL, mox-LDL, mox-LDL/ApoB ratio, tCH and TG levels between the three work groups. Although we did observe absolute differences in some of these markers, the small sample size of our study population might prevent these differences being statistically significant. Fasting glucose and HOMA index were significantly lower in CW compared to DW and CC, indicating lower metabolic risk. Reasons for the lower fasting glucose and HOMA index in CW workers remains to be clarified. Future studies of workers in different shift rotations are warranted to understand better the differential effects of shift-work on individual workers and their health indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify atherosclerotic risk using pulse wave velocity (PWV) in steel workers employed in different shift-work rotations, and to elucidate its relationship to social jetlag and shift schedule details. PARTICIPANTS: Male workers in a steel factory (n=77, 32 fast clockwise (CW), 30 slow counterclockwise (CC), 15 day workers (DW); mean age 42 ± SD 7.6 yrs) with at least 5 years of experience in their current work schedule participated. METHODS: All workers completed questionnaires on demographics, health, psychotropic agents, sleep, social and work life, social jetlag (difference between mid-sleep time on workdays and days off used as a marker of circadian disruption) and chronotype (mid-sleep time on free days corrected for sleep deficit on workdays). In 63 workers we measured PWV, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) between 08:00 and 12:30 h in controlled posture conditions (no caffeine/smoking/exercise). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in PWV (covariates: age, BP) between the different shift-rotations (CW, CC and DW). In all workers combined, HR and social jetlag were significantly positively correlated. Demographic variables did not differ between shift-workers and day workers; shift-workers (CW, CC) reported significantly more stomach upsets, digestion problems, weight fluctuations, and social jetlag. The CW and CC workers did not differ in ratings of how shift-work affected sleep, social and work life. CONCLUSIONS: PWV was not different between the two shift-rotations. This pilot study shows first evidence that HR is related to social jetlag, and therefore warrants more studies in different shift schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical and experimental gas-phase studies of carbohydrates show that their hydroxyl groups are located in homodromic partial rings that resemble cooperative hydrogen bonds, albeit with long H...O distances and small O-H...O angles. On the other hand, anecdotal experience with disaccharide crystal structures suggested that these clockwise 'c' or counter-clockwise (reverse 'r') sequences are not prevalent in the crystalline state. The situation was clarified with quantum mechanics calculations in vacuum and in continuum solvation, as well as Atoms-In-Molecules analyses. From the experimental side, the Cambridge Structural Database was searched. Geometric criteria for these sequences were developed. A criterion based on 120° ranges of hydroxyl orientations accepted 4% of sequences as having 'c,c' or 'r,r' orientations instead of the 7% expected based on chance. Criteria based on an O-H...O angle > 90° and a 90° lower limit of the absolute value of the H-O-C...H improper torsion accepted 7.0% of the 358 sequences as 'c,c' or 'r,r'. Highly variable orientation of the hydroxyl groups in crystals was seen to depend mostly on strong inter-residue or intermolecular hydrogen bonds. That lack of specific orientation in general for the crystal structures was supported by the solvated calculations that showed very little variation in the energy when one of the hydroxyl groups in 1,2-dihydroxycyclohexane was rotated. The vacuum calculations found the energy to vary with rotation by more than 4 kcal/mol, confirming the gas-phase experiments and calculations on more complicated molecules. Molecules examined in some detail include scyllo inositol and native and methylated cellobiose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LES approach is utilized to reproduce the flow field of the mixed convection induced by transverse buoyant jet. • Two types of stable flow structures are studied for different R e h and R a H. • A hysteresis phenomenon is observed in the flow structure transition. • The critical points of transition for different hysteresis curves are highlighted in a R e h - R a H map. The large eddy simulation approach is conducted using the dynamic Smagorinsky model and Favre-averaging method to investigate the flow structure transition and hysteresis phenomenon of mixed convection induced by a transverse buoyant jet, based on the opensource computational fluid dynamics package of the OpenFOAM software. The comparison with the available experimental data proves that this model has good adaptability in reproducing the flow structure and temperature distribution of such a flow field. The results are obtained for Reynolds numbers ranging from 120 to 792, and Rayleigh numbers ranging from 1. 8 × 1 0 9 to 6. 5 × 1 0 9. Two types of stable flow structures are observed and systematically studied for different dimensionless parameters, i.e., a clockwise structure dominated by the inertial force, and a counterclockwise structure dominated by the buoyancy force. A hysteresis phenomenon is observed in the flow structure transition, corresponding to the noncoincidence of the first and second transition points. Furtherly, the critical points of transition for different hysteresis curves are highlighted in a Reynolds-number–Rayleigh-number map indicating three flow-regime zones. The transition of flow structure occurs only when the state point moves from the transition zone to another zone across the transition curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Turning behaviour in 107 adolescents was observed during walking and running under different temporal and biomechanical constraints. Participants ran and walked back and forth between two lines 9.5m apart in a neutral environment. All of the turns that the participants made to change direction between the lines were videotaped. A general preference for turning leftwards was observed with the percentage being higher in the unconstrained running condition when compared to the walking condition (71% versus 59%, respectively). This intrinsic preference was easily overruled when positional constraints on the starting position were imposed. Such positional constraints did not, however, suppress the intrinsic directional bias observed during running. It is concluded that turning preference in humans is the result of a complex interaction between intrinsic preferences and externally imposed task constraints. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Since its design 25 years ago (), the eight-arm radial maze has become very popular and is now widely used to assess spatial memory in rodents. Two versions of the full-baited maze protocol are present in the literature: with or without confinement between the visit of each arm. The confinement was introduced by Olton himself as early as 1977 () to eliminate stereotypic behaviors that he had previously observed. It is widely regarded that the confinement prevents rodents from developing these response patterns, and as such it is considered an improved procedure to test spatial memory. Surprisingly, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been especially designed to demonstrate the efficacy of the confinement in blocking the stereotypic behaviors of the animals. The present study compares the strategies of rats trained with or without a confinement procedure. The results show that, after nine days of training, rats submitted to a 5- or a 10-s confinement reach the same level of performance as rats without confinement. The confinement totally prevents stereotypic behaviors like clockwise serial searching strategies which are often observed without confinement. Even a 0-s confinement is sufficient to prevent clockwise strategies, but rats seem to develop other stratagems which do not imply spatial memory. Furthermore, rats previously trained without confinement are unable to perform the task when confinement is introduced on a test day. In contrast, rats previously trained with confinement perform the task correctly when the confinement is no longer present. Thus, without confinement, good levels of performance can be achieved without precise spatial representations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cell lineage has been used to explain the stomatal distribution in several plant species. We have used transgenic plants carrying a 35SGUS::Ac construct that produces clonal sectors to analyze the possible role of cell lineage during the establishment of stomatal patterning in Arabidopsis leaves. The analysis of sectors ranging from two to eighteen cells supports the conclusion that most stomatal complexes derive from a single and immediate precursor cell through a stereotyped pattern of three unequal cell divisions followed by a final equal one. In addition, it shows that the successive cell divisions take place at a constant angle (approximately 60°) with respect to the previous one. Interestingly, this angular dimension shifts from 60° to 0° in the last cell division that gives rise to the stoma. These sectors also reveal the development of both clockwise and counterclockwise patterns of cell divisions during stomatal development in approximately equal numbers. Our clonal analysis indicates that cell divisions involved in the development of stomatal complexes are probably the last ones contributing to epidermal growth and development. Finally, the stereotyped pattern of cell divisions that culminates in the formation of stomatal complexes indicates that cell lineage plays a very important role during stomatal pattern establishment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]