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2. Responses of Three Saturniid Species to Paper Birch Grown Under Enriched CO2 Atmospheres
- Author
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Lindroth, R. L., Arteel, G. E., and Kinney, K. K.
- Published
- 1995
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3. Canadian boreal pulp and paper feedstocks contain neuroactive substances that interact in vitro with GABA and dopaminergic systems in the brain.
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Waye, Andrew, Annal, Malar, Tang, Andrew, Picard, Gabriel, Harnois, Frédéric, Guerrero-Analco, José A., Saleem, Ammar, Hewitt, L. Mark, Milestone, Craig B., MacLatchy, Deborah L., Trudeau, Vance L., and Arnason, John T.
- Subjects
- *
DOPAMINERGIC neurons , *GABA receptors , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *MONOAMINE oxidase , *GLUTAMATE decarboxylase , *ENZYME inhibitors , *LIGANDS (Chemistry) - Abstract
Abstract: Pulp and paper wood feedstocks have been previously implicated as a source of chemicals with the ability to interact with or disrupt key neuroendocrine endpoints important in the control of reproduction. We tested nine Canadian conifers commonly used in pulp and paper production as well as 16 phytochemicals that have been observed in various pulp and paper mill effluent streams for their ability to interact in vitro with the enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), and bind to the benzodiazepine-binding site of the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)-BZD). These neuroendocrine endpoints are also important targets for treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, epilepsy, or depression. MAO and GAD were inhibited by various conifer extracts of different polarities, including major feedstocks such as balsam fir, black spruce, and white spruce. MAO was selectively stimulated or inhibited by many of the tested phytochemicals, with inhibition observed by a group of phenylpropenes (e.g. isoeugenol and vanillin). Selective GAD inhibition was also observed, with all of the resin acids tested being inhibitory. GABA(A)-BZD ligand displacement was also observed. We compiled a table identifying which of these phytochemicals have been described in each of the species tested here. Given the diversity of conifer species and plant chemicals with these specific neuroactivities, it is reasonable to propose that MAO and GAD inhibition reported in effluents is phytochemical in origin. We propose disruption of these neuroendocrine endpoints as a possible mechanism of reproductive inhibition, and also identify an avenue for potential research and sourcing of conifer-derived neuroactive natural products. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2014
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4. Spectroscopic determination of ecologically relevant plant secondary metabolites
- Author
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Townsend, Philip [University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI (United States). Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology]
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- 2016
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5. HyperSolar Confirms Wastewater from Pulp and Paper Industry Can Produce Hydrogen and Renewable Natural Gas
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Paper industry ,Wastewater ,Natural gas ,Hydrogen ,Green technology ,Pulp industry ,Phytochemistry ,Photosynthesis ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
Recent tests prove that the company's breakthrough, low voltage solar process can be used to extract hydrogen from paper mill wastewater SANTA BARBARA, Calif. -- HyperSolar, Inc. (OTCBB: HYSR), the [...]
- Published
- 2012
6. Consequences of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone for foliar chemical composition and dynamics in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
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Hendrey, George R., Karnosky, David F., Bockheim, James G., Lindroth, Richard L., Kopper, Brian J., Isebrands, J. G., Sober, Jaak, Parsons, William F. J., and Pregitzer, Kurt S.
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FOREST ecology ,POPULUS tremuloides ,STATISTICS ,PAPER birch ,OZONE ,CARBON dioxide ,BOTANY ,AIR pollution ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,FOREST dynamics - Abstract
Atmospheric chemical composition affects foliar chemical composition, which in turn influences the dynamics of both herbivory and decomposition in ecosystems. We assessed the independent and interactive effects of CO
2 and O3 fumigation on foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility in northern Wisconsin. Leaf samples were collected at five time periods during a single growing season, and analyzed for nitrogen, starch and condensed tannin concentrations, nitrogen resorption efficiencies (NREs), and C:N ratios. Enriched CO2 reduced foliar nitrogen concentrations in aspen and birch; O3 only marginally reduced nitrogen concentrations. NREs were unaffected by pollution treatment in aspen, declined with O3 exposure in birch, and thisdecline was ameliorated by enriched CO2 . C:N ratios of abscised leaves increased in response to enriched CO2 in both tree species. O3 did not significantly alter C:N ratios in aspen, although values tended to be higher in +CO2 +O3 leaves. For birch, O3 decreased C:N ratios underambient CO2 and increased C:N ratios under elevated CO2 . Thus, under the combined pollutants, the C:N ratios of both aspen and birch leaves were elevated above the averaged responses to the individual and independent trace gas treatments. Starch concentrations were largely unresponsive to CO2 and O3 treatments in aspen, but increased in response to elevated CO2 in birch. Levels of condensed tannins were negligibly affected by CO2 and O3 treatments in aspen, but increased in response to enriched CO2 in birch. Results from this work suggest that changes in foliar chemical composition elicited by enriched CO2 are likely to impact herbivory and decomposition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2001
7. Recent Research Progress on the Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics of Alpinae oxyphyllae Fructus.
- Author
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Liao, Junfa and Zhao, Xueying
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DRIED fruit ,MASS spectrometry ,METABOLIC regulation ,HOT water ,PHENOLIC acids - Abstract
Alpinae oxyphyllae fructus (AOF), the dried mature fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel of the Zingiberaceae family, shows many special pharmacological effects. In recent years, there has been an abundance of research results on AOF. In this paper, the new compounds isolated from AOF since 2018 are reviewed, including terpenes, flavonoids, diarylheptanoids, phenolic acid, sterols, alkanes, fats, etc. The isolation methods that were applied include the microwave-assisted method, response surface method, chiral high-performance liquid chromatography–multiple reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MRM-MS) analytical method, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole–electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS) method, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method, hot water leaching method, ethanol leaching method, and so on. Additionally, the pharmacological effects of AOF found from 2018 to 2024 are also summarized, including neuroprotection, regulation of metabolic disorders, antioxidant activity, antiapoptosis, antiinflammatory activity, antidiabetic activity, antihyperuricemia, antiaging, antidiuresis, immune regulation, anti-tumor activity, renal protection, hepatoprotection, and anti-asthma. This paper provides a reference for further research on AOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Spectroscopic determination of ecologically relevant plant secondary metabolites.
- Author
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Couture, John J., Singh, Aditya, Rubert‐Nason, Kennedy F., Serbin, Shawn P., Lindroth, Richard L., Townsend, Philip A., and Davey, Matthew
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PLANT metabolites ,BIOCHEMISTRY methodology ,FOLIAR diagnosis ,REFLECTANCE spectroscopy ,TANNINS ,PAPER birch ,PHENOLS ,PLANT defenses - Abstract
Spectroscopy has recently emerged as an effective method to accurately characterize leaf biochemistry in living tissue through the application of chemometric approaches to foliar optical data, but this approach has not been widely used for plant secondary metabolites. Here, we examine the ability of reflectance spectroscopy to quantify specific phenolic compounds in trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides) and paper birch ( Betula papyrifera) that play influential roles in ecosystem functioning related to trophic-level interactions and nutrient cycling., Spectral measurements on live aspen and birch leaves were collected, after which concentrations of condensed tannins (aspen and birch) and salicinoids (aspen only) were determined using standard analytical approaches in the laboratory. Predictive models were then constructed using jackknifed, partial least squares regression ( PLSR). Model performance was evaluated using coefficient of determination ( R
2 ), root-mean-square error ( RMSE) and the per cent RMSE of the data range (% RMSE)., Condensed tannins of aspen and birch were well predicted from both combined ( R2 = 0·86, RMSE = 2·4, % RMSE = 7%)- and individual-species models (aspen: R2 = 0·86, RMSE = 2·4, % RMSE = 6%; birch: R2 = 0·81, RMSE = 1·9, % RMSE = 10%). Aspen total salicinoids were better predicted than individual salicinoids (total: R2 = 0·76, RMSE = 2·4, % RMSE = 8%; salicortin: R2 = 0·57, RMSE = 1·9, % RMSE = 11%; tremulacin: R2 = 0·72, RMSE = 1·1, % RMSE = 11%), and spectra collected from dry leaves produced better models for both aspen tannins ( R2 = 0·92, RMSE = 1·7, % RMSE = 5%) and salicinoids ( R2 = 0·84, RMSE = 1·4, % RMSE = 5%) compared with spectra from fresh leaves. The decline in prediction performance from total to individual salicinoids and from dry to fresh measurements was marginal, however, given the increase in detailed salicinoid information acquired and the time saved by avoiding drying and grinding leaf samples., Reflectance spectroscopy can successfully characterize specific secondary metabolites in living plant tissue and provide detailed information on individual compounds within a constituent group. The ability to simultaneously measure multiple plant traits is a powerful attribute of reflectance spectroscopy because of its potential for in situ- in vivo field deployment using portable spectrometers. The suite of traits currently estimable, however, needs to expand to include specific secondary metabolites that play influential roles in ecosystem functioning if we are to advance the integration of chemical, landscape and ecosystem ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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9. Alkaloids in Chelidonium majus L: a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology.
- Author
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Xin-Lan Li, Yan-Ping Sun, Meng Wang, Zhi-Bin Wang, and Hai-Xue Kuang
- Subjects
PROTOBERBERINE ,PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,SPASMS ,ANTI-infective agents - Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. (C. majus), commonly known as "Bai Qu Cai" in China, belongs to the genus Chelidonium of the Papaveraceae family. It has rich medicinal value, such as alleviating coughs, asthma, spasms and pain. Recent studies have demonstrated that C. majus is abundant in various alkaloids, which are the primary components of C. majus and have a range of pharmacological effects, including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor effects. So far, 94 alkaloids have been isolated from C. majus, including benzophenanthridine, protoberberine, aporphine, protopine and other types of alkaloids. This paper aims to review the research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of C. majus alkaloids, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of C. majus in the field of medicinal chemistry and to afford reference for further research and development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Alangium Lam.: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, and Mechanism of Action Against Tumor.
- Author
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Li, Rui, Deng, Qian, Zhang, Hao, Kong, Yunzhen, Wang, Huannan, Zhang, Zhen, and Sai, Chunmei
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LIGNANS ,RESEARCH personnel ,TERPENES ,GLYCOSIDES ,BOTANY ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,PHYTOCHEMICALS - Abstract
Background: The Alangium Lam. belongs to the Alangiaceae family and contains over 30 species. Researchers have identified over 300 phytochemicals from these species, including alkaloids, glycosides, terpenes, lignans, flavonoids, and steroids. However, there is no review of the antitumor properties of the Alangium genus, and the subsequent information on the mechanism of its antitumor action is not comprehensive enough. Methods: This article reviews previous studies on the Alangium obtained from various sources, including the CNKI, PubMed, Google Scholar, Connected Paper, and the chemical abstracts service (CAS). Results: Among these compounds, 85 have been found to possess anti-tumor properties, mainly belongs to alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenes. This will provide new insights and a broader perspective for future research on the effects of anti-tumor chemicals and their mechanisms of action within this plant genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Removal of COD from Groundwater in and Around Industrial Areas - Using Activated Carbon Powder Prepared by Groundnut Foliage and Groundnut Husk
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G. Infant Sujitha, N. K. Geetha, A. Kistan, and V. Kanchana
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Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,Ornamental horticulture ,Industrial chemistry ,Soil chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biochemistry ,Husk ,Elsevier Biobase ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Groundwater ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The following study explains that the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon used by Groundnut foliage and groundnut husk for the deportation of COD (Chemical Oxygen demand) from groundwater collected from in and around industrial areas of Vellore district was investigated with different activating conditions (Activating agent- KOH, ZnCl2 and H3PO4; Impregnation ratio-1:1,1:2,1:2; and activation temeperture-500-700°C. The activated carbon prepared based on optimized condition has well-developed pore structure and functional groups which is confirmed from SEM image and FTIR analysis respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 240 min with the isotherm data fitted well in both the model such as Langmuir model and Freundlich’s model indicating chemisorption’s adsorption for the activated carbon. Moreover, the adsorption process was exothermic accompanied by a decrease in irregularity. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetic study indicated that the adsorption process of the prepared sample follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model compare to the pseudo-first -order kinetic model
- Published
- 2021
12. Stereoselective Syntheses of all the Possible Stereoisomers of Coronafacic Acid
- Author
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Sho Tozawa, Minoru Ueda, Nobuki Kato, Yusuke Ogura, Shigefumi Kuwahara, Kengo Hayashi, and Raku Watanabe
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chiral auxiliary ,Phytochemistry ,Full Paper ,Double bond ,Stereochemistry ,natural products ,Coronatine ,General Chemistry ,Full Papers ,complex mixtures ,Cycloaddition ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coronafacic acid ,chemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,phytochemistry ,Stereoselectivity ,Enantiomer ,coronatine - Abstract
An efficient and stereoselective syntheses of all the possible stereoisomers of coronafacic acid (CFA) has been developed. The stereochemistries of C3a and C7a were controlled in a diastereoselective Diels‐Alder type cycloaddition using a chiral auxiliary. CFA and 6‐epi‐CFA were synthesized by hydrogenation of a common intermediate. During the synthesis of 6‐epi‐CFA, we established that its cis‐fused configuration is important for the introduction of C4‐C5 double bond by dehydration. This report is the first practical synthesis of both 6‐epi‐CFA, and its enantiomer.
- Published
- 2020
13. Atmospheric change alters foliar quality of host trees and performance of two outbreak insect species.
- Author
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Couture, John, Meehan, Timothy, and Lindroth, Richard
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TREES ,POPULUS tremuloides ,PAPER birch ,LYMANTRIA dispar ,FOREST tent caterpillar - Abstract
This study examined the independent and interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO) and ozone (O) on the foliar quality of two deciduous trees species and the performance of two outbreak herbivore species. Trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides) and paper birch ( Betula papyrifera) were grown at the Aspen FACE research site in northern Wisconsin, USA, under four combinations of ambient and elevated CO and O. We measured the effects of elevated CO and O on aspen and birch phytochemistry and on gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar) and forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria) performance. Elevated CO nominally affected foliar quality for both tree species. Elevated O negatively affected aspen foliar quality, but only marginally influenced birch foliar quality. Elevated CO slightly improved herbivore performance, while elevated O decreased herbivore performance, and both responses were stronger on aspen than birch. Interestingly, elevated CO largely offset decreased herbivore performance under elevated O. Nitrogen, lignin, and C:N were identified as having strong influences on herbivore performance when larvae were fed aspen, but no significant relationships were observed for insects fed birch. Our results support the notion that herbivore performance can be affected by atmospheric change through altered foliar quality, but how herbivores will respond will depend on interactions among CO, O, and tree species. An emergent finding from this study is that tree age and longevity of exposure to pollutants may influence the effects of elevated CO and O on plant-herbivore interactions, highlighting the need to continue long-term atmospheric change research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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14. Anti-proliferative activity and phytochemical study of the methanolic extract from the pods of Gleditsia caspica Desf.
- Author
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MIRZAEIDARBAND, Samira, SAMADISHAMS, Sara, HAMEDEYAZDAN, Sanaz, ESKANDARI, Zahra, EBRAHIMI, Atefeh, BAMDAD—MOGHADDAM, Sedigheh, BARAR, Jaleh, OMIDI, Yadollah, KHODAIE, Laleh, and NAZEMIYEH, Hossein
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PHYTOCHEMICALS ,SAPONINS ,ALKALOIDS ,CELL lines ,EXTRACTS ,CELL proliferation ,CELL survival ,QUERCETIN - Abstract
Gleditsia caspica Desf. (Caesalpinaceae) is traditionally used to treat diverse diseases. This research paper aims to investigate anti-proliferative properties and phytochemical compounds of methanolic extract from the pods of G. caspica. MTT test was used to measure in vitro anti-proliferative effect of the soxhlet-extracted methanolic extract of G.caspica pods with the concentration ranging from 25-1000 μg/ml against A549 cell line. The extract was applied to SPE, HPLC preparative system, and spectral analysis (1HNMR, 13CNMR, and UV) for fractionation, purification, and identification of phytoconstituents, respectively. The results indicated that the extract prevented proliferation of A549 cell line dependent on time and concentration. After 48 h and 72 h, there was a significant decrease in cell viability initiated from 100 and 500 (μg/ml) concentrations in comparison to untreated control. Phytochemical assessment of the extract resulted in two alkaloids, locustoside A and saikachinoside A, and four flavonoids quercetin-3,7-diglucoside, luteolin-4',7–diglucoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, and quercetin. This experiment was an activity-guided phytochemical study. In prior studies, quercetin and quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside showed in vitro inhibitory effect on proliferation of A549 cell line. However, the cytotoxic properties of the other identified compounds have not been reported. Cytotoxic properties of G.caspica was previously attributed to saponins, while isolated flavonoids and alkaloids could be responsible for the extract’s cytotoxic effects. This paper first explored cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract from the pods of G.caspica on A549 cell line and identified flavonoids and alkaloids of this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Design and Analysis of Automotive Mufflers for Noise Attenuation in Low and Broadband Frequency Range.
- Author
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Kumar, Sriharsha, Jegadeeswaran, N., Ramesh, M. R., Sangamnath, K. R., and Mownesh, G. K.
- Abstract
Noise pollution is the major drawback of Internal Combustion engines. Automotive engineers and researchers have been working consistently on reducing automotive noise as well as pollution. While designing the mufflers, care must be taken not only for noise reduction but also for back pressure, space constraints, cost incurred, etc. Various methods to design and analyze the mufflers have been devised by researchers across the globe. In this paper an attempt has is made to present a Tuning of muffler for Low and broadband noise. Geometrical parameters influencing design of Helmholtz Muffler has been carried out in this Study. For Broadband noise, impact of Porosity and wool packing material has been chosen as a design parameter. Results observed that for exhaust system with two muffler components we have dedicated Helmholtz chamber, while for exhaust system with single muffler component, internal of muffler to have both broadband and Helmholtz integrated. Reactive mufflers like Two pass mufflers and Three pass mufflers can be taken as an initial reference to have acoustic tuning for both Helmholtz and broadband noise tuning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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16. GC-MS Characterization of Unsweetened and Sweetened 'Kunun-zaki' Beverage and Pulp
- Author
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Emmanuel Hala Kwon Ndung, Jonathan Maduka Nwaedozie, Abraham Ubhenin, and Esienanwan Esien Efiong
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Environmental Engineering ,Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Food science ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ,engineering.material - Abstract
Aims: To characterize unsweetened and sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink/pulp using GC-MS. Study Design: The experimental groups were divided into four: unsweetened “kunun-zaki” drink, sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink, unsweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp and sweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp respectively. Place of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State and Central Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Ilorin, Nigeria. Methodology: The processes involved sorting, cleaning, soaking, decanting, washing, milling, gelatinization, fermentation, and sieving. Unsweetened “kunun-zaki” beverage was made from millet, sorghum, soybean, dried sweet potatoes, germinated rice, ginger, and cloves. The same process was followed for the sweetened variety, with addition of dried dates. After sieving to collect “kunun-zaki” beverage, the remnant was the pulp. Hydrodistillation and Soxhlet apparatus were used to extract the essential oils, and fatty acids respectively. Fatty acid methyl esters of the samples were then analysed using GC-MS. Results: The GC chromatogram identified three constituents in unsweetened “kunun-zaki” drink. The dominant constituents were 9,12-octadecadienenoic acid (z,)- (73.36%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (19.31%). Eleven compounds were identified in sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink. The most abundant was 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- 54.062%, followed by n-hexadecanoic acid (17.278%). Twenty-one peaks corresponding to eighteen compounds were detected in unsweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp. The dominant constituents were gingerol (20.262%), 1H-3a,7-methanoazulene,2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,6,8,8-teramethyl-,[3R-(3α,3aβ,7 β,8aα)]- (19.925%), 2-Butanone,4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- (15.59%), and cedrene (10.977%). For sweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp, four compounds were detected. The dominant compounds being 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)- (68.664%), n-hexadecanoic acid (18.654%), and oleic acid (10.199%). Conclusion: The results showed safe fatty acid profile of all samples for different health status. Other components showed bioactivities with significant health benefits. This study identified compounds which validate the medicinal claims of “kunun-zaki.” This is the first documentation of GC-MS profiling of “kunun-zaki” parts.
- Published
- 2020
17. Removal of Chromium Ions from Tannery Wastewater using Cactus Powder
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Safa Shaheen, Hatim Salim, and Waleed H. Rimawi
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Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,Ornamental horticulture ,Industrial chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biochemistry ,Chromium atom ,Elsevier Biobase ,Wastewater ,Drug Discovery ,Cactus ,Environmental Chemistry ,Material chemistry - Published
- 2020
18. Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Leaves and Pulp Extracts from Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam.) Collected in Mali
- Author
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Lamine Baba-Moussa, Issiaka Togola, Singou Keita, Mamadou Wele, Nouhoum Diarra, and Cheickna Ciss
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Phytochemistry ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Ziziphus ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Mauritiana - Abstract
Introduction: The objectives of this work consisted of a phytochemical study of the leaves and pulp of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam collected from the flooded and dried sites of Niono and Sévaré in Mali and to evaluate the biological activities of the extracts, i.e. the antiradical activity and hemolytic activity. Methods: Phytochemical analysis and biological activities were performed at the plant biochemistry and biotechnology laboratory of the FST / USTTB. The tannins and flavonoids were extracted by maceration, dosed by spectrophotometry then analyzed by HPLC and their antiradical activity was evaluated by the DPPH method. The saponosides were extracted by decoction and their hemolytic activity was evaluated on beef blood. Results: Tannins and flavonoids were abundant in the leaves and the pulp but saponosides were absent in the pulp. Calcium ions, carbonate ions and chloride ions were abundant in the leaves and pulp of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam from the dried site of Niono and the flooded site of Sévaré. HPLC chromatograms showed two peaks of gallic acid in the tannins extracts. Catechical tannins and flavonoids of the flooded sites have a greater antiradical activity than those of the dried sites. However, their antiradical activity remains lower than that of ascorbic acid whose IC50 was measured at 30 μg. Leaf saponosides from the flooded site of Niono and the dried site of Sévaré showed hemolytic activity on red blood cells of beef. Conclusion: The leaves and pulps of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam were rich in phenolic compounds and have interesting antiradical activity. The saponosides extracted from the leaves showed hemolytic activity.
- Published
- 2020
19. Review on Phytochemistry, Traditional uses, and Biological Activities of Parthenium hysterophorus L.
- Author
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YADAV, KAMINI, ARYA, SUSHILA, MANISHA, and KUMARI, SANDHYA
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PARTHENIUM hysterophorus ,NOXIOUS weeds ,CONTACT dermatitis ,CARDIAC glycosides ,EXANTHEMA - Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a family member of Asteraceae and is a notorious weed with a few different names as congress weed, carrot weed (Gajarghas), and wild feverfew. It poses significant threats to human health, agriculture, and biodiversity in regions like Australia and India. This harmful plant is associated with a range of health issues including mutagenicity, skin rashes, Diarrhea, allergy-related respiratory issues, dermatitis through contact, and skin allergies, as well as animal and human dehydration. Efforts to manage Parthenium weed have often been ineffective due to its rapid re-infestation. Despite its acknowledged toxicity, Parthenium is still used in traditional medicine for treating fevers, headaches, wounds, diabetes, diarrhea, anemia, heart problems, and malaria. Studies have indicated that P. hysterophorus L. extract contains a diverse range of compounds including proteins, amino acids, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, and coumarins. Essential oils from this plant contain compounds such as germacrene-D, β-myrcene, and trans-β-ocimene, which are responsible for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, insecticidal, larvicidal, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, and anticancer properties. This review paper's objective is to furnish a thorough summary encompassing the phytochemistry, ethnobotanical applications, toxicology, and biological activities linked with P. hysterophorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. Citrus medica var. Sarcodactylus (Siebold ex Hoola van Nooten) Swingle: an insight into its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties.
- Author
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Ma, Qin-Ge, Chen, Jie, Chen, Li-Hua, Wu, Guang, Zhu, Mei-Ning, He, Neng-Xin, Wang, Qin-Yuan, Sang, Zhi-Pei, Zhu, Cai-Qing, Wu, Yong-Zhong, and Wei, Rong-Rui
- Abstract
Citrus medica var. sarcodactylus (Siebold ex Hoola van Nooten) Swingle is not only a delicious fruit with rich nutrients, but also a traditional Chinese medicine with clinical values. The botanical characteristics of C. medica var. sarcodactylus (Siebold ex Hoola van Nooten) Swingle are systematically summarized and descripted in this paper. C. medica var. sarcodactylus (Siebold ex Hoola van Nooten) Swingle is used to treat many diseases in Chinese folk as a traditional medicine. Compounds (1–180) were identified from C. medica var. sarcodactylus (Siebold ex Hoola van Nooten) Swingle, including flavonoids (1–45), lignans (46–69), coumarins (70–93), volatile oils (94–163), carbohydrates (164–168), and others (169–180), and their structural characteristics are summarized and analyzed. The extracts or compounds of this plant have been reported to exert various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, hypolidemic, anti-microbial, immunosuppressive, anti-depressant, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activities, and their effective doses and experimental models are summarized and discussed in this paper. Future studies should focus on extraction technology, component analysis, molecular mechanism of C. medica var. sarcodactylus (Siebold ex Hoola van Nooten) Swingle to fill the study gap, as well as to provide an important theoretical basis and valuable references for in-depth researches and exploitations of C. medica var. sarcodactylus (Siebold ex Hoola van Nooten) Swingle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Characterisation of Biochar Obtained from Organic Material and its Application for Removal of Ciprofloxacin
- Author
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Sija Arun and Payal Maharathi
- Subjects
Green chemistry ,Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Ornamental horticulture ,Soil chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,020801 environmental engineering ,Ciprofloxacin ,Elsevier Biobase ,Petrochemical ,Drug Discovery ,Biochar ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic compound that is used for various health issues like headaches, nervousness, nausea, vomiting etc. Ciprofloxacin is the second generation of quinolones in the different categories of antibiotics. After using this antibiotic, some percentages of the compound are not metabolized in the body and is excreted along with the urine and excreta. This will reach the treatment plant and the conventional treatment method is not designed to treat these micropollutants, so it is released into the environment. The presence of ciprofloxacin is detected in surface water samples collected from different areas of the world. This study is conducted to find an effective adsorbent that can remove the ciprofloxacin from wastewater. Biochar produced from agricultural waste is highly rich in carbon and made from the process called pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of biomass is carried out under lower temperatures and low oxygen content. Biochar is used to remove antibiotic compounds, naphthalene, and heavy metals. Biochar is economical and does not have any adverse effects on the environment. Biochar can be prepared from different types of organic biodegradable waste. Since, the quantity of municipal solid waste reaching the landfill site is increasing day by day, converting the organic waste into biochar can reduce the amount of waste reaching the landfill site. In this study, biochar prepared from rice husk at 300°C is the best adsorbent to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution. The adsorption of ciprofloxacin is studied for various conditions. The samples were analyzed in the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and it shows good removal efficiency.
- Published
- 2019
22. Preparation and Activation of Sarulla Natural Zeolites as an Adsorbent in Purification Process of Crude Palm Oil
- Author
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Hafni Indriati Nasution, Moondra Zubir, Jasmidi Jasmidi, Maharani Maharani, Ahmad Gazali Sofwan, and Junifa Layla Sihombing
- Subjects
Green chemistry ,Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Petrochemical ,Adsorption ,FLUIDEX ,Scientific method ,Drug Discovery ,Palm oil ,Environmental Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The effect of Sarulla zeolite in CPO purification was analyzed in zeolite weight and contact time variation on the influence of Free Fatty Acid, Saponification Value, Carotene, Vitamin-E, and Squalene content. This purification process induce increasing of saponification value from 272.41 mg KOH/g to 316.42 mg KOH/g at 20 g of zeolite and contact time for 30 minutes. On the other hand, this purification process reduced of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content from 2.86% to 1.6% and vitamin E content from 907.79 ppm to 376.54 ppm after were adsorbed for 90 minutes with 30 grams of zeolite used. Fatty acid composition analysis on CPO not significant changes in which is palmitic acid increased or decreased by about 1% under various conditions of zeolite use and contact time on the adsorption process. Sarulla natural zeolite can be used for CPO purification without affect theirs main content.
- Published
- 2019
23. Forsythiae Fructus: A Review on its Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics
- Author
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Zhanglu Dong, Xianyuan Lu, Xueli Tong, Yaqian Dong, Lan Tang, and Menghua Liu
- Subjects
Forsythiae Fructus ,phytochemistry ,quality control ,pharmacology ,pharmacokineticsType of the Paper ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used both as a single herb and in compound prescriptions in Asia, mainly due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. Modern pharmacology has proved Forsythiae Fructus possesses various therapeutic effects, both in vitro and in vivo, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Up to now, three hundred and twenty-one compounds have been identified and sensitive analytical methods have been established for its quality control. Recently, the pharmacokinetics of Forsythiae Fructus and its bioactive compounds have been reported, providing valuable information for its clinical application. Therefore, this systematic review focused on the newest scientific reports on Forsythiae Fructus and extensively summarizes its phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and standardization procedures, especially the difference between the two applied types—unripe Forsythiae Fructus and ripe Forsythiae Fructus—in the hope of providing a helpful reference and guide for its clinical applications and further studies.
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
24. The traditional uses, pharmacology, and phytochemistry of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn.
- Author
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Qiongxiao Wang, Qingmei Sun, Qinger Huang, Luping Qin, and Bo Zhu
- Subjects
BOTANICAL chemistry ,HUNTINGTON disease ,PHARMACOLOGY ,MEDICAL botany ,SCIENCE databases ,PULMONARY hypertension ,TERIPARATIDE ,PHYTOCHEMICALS - Abstract
Bai Hua Qian Hu (Qianhu; Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn) is a classical medicinal plant traditionally prescribed for respiratory ailments, including cough, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma. In this review, we summarize the research progress of the toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, phytochemistry, botany, quality control, and traditional uses of P. praeruptorum in order to support future investigations into the scientific and therapeutic promise of this important medicinal plant. Information pertaining to P. praeruptorum was collected from scientific databases (ScienceDirect, Springer, SciFinder, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, Web of Science), as well as toxicology papers from local conferences, M. Sc. and Ph.D. theses and dissertations, local magazines, classic texts on Chinese botanical drugs, and peer-reviewed journals. The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) was utilized to verify the taxonomy of P. praeruptorum. P. praeruptorumwas found to containmore than 119 distinct phytochemicals, including simple coumarins, pyranocoumarins, furanocoumarins, flavonoids, ketones, organic acids, and sterols, among others (e.g., praeruptorins A and B). Both crude plant extracts and purified metabolites of P. praeruptorum have been reported as treatments for hypertension, osteoporosis, Huntington's disease, and cancer. In addition, extracts of P. praeruptorum are reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including osteogenic, anti-osteoclastogenic, antidepressant, neuroprotective, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Research into the pharmacology and phytochemistry of P. praeruptorum partially support both traditional uses and extraction methods. However, further research is required to elucidate the relationships between these metabolites, their molecular mechanisms, their structure-function roles, and their antagonistic and synergistic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Moslae Herba: Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology.
- Author
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Duan, Zhuo-Ying, Sun, Yan-Ping, Wang, Zhi-Bin, and Kuang, Hai-Xue
- Subjects
BOTANICAL chemistry ,BOTANY ,PHARMACOLOGY ,HISTORY of medicine ,PHENOLIC acids ,PHENYLPROPANOIDS - Abstract
Moslae Herba (MH) can be used for both medicine and food and has a long history of medicine. MH has the effects of sweating and relieving the exterior, removing dampness and harmonizing, and is mainly used for colds caused by damp heat in summer. It is called "Xiayue Zhi Mahuang" in China. So far, 123 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from MH, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, and other chemical compounds. Its chemical components have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic sedation, antipyretic, immune regulation, insecticidal, and other effects. In addition, because of its aromatic odor and health care function, MH also has development and utilization value in food, chemical, and other fields. This paper reviewed the research progress of MH in botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology and provided a possible direction for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Skeletons in the closet? Using a bibliometric lens to visualise phytochemical and pharmacological activities linked to Sceletium, a mood enhancer.
- Author
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Reddy, Kaylan, Stafford, Gary I., and Makunga, Nokwanda P.
- Subjects
CLOTHES closets ,AFRICAN traditional medicine ,THIN layer chromatography ,TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance ,ELECTROSPRAY ionization mass spectrometry ,TRANQUILIZING drugs - Abstract
Plants from the Sceletium genus (Aizoaceae) have been traditionally used for millennia by the Khoe and Khoen people in southern Africa, as an appetite suppressant as well as a mood elevator. In more recent times, this mood-elevating activity has been commercialised in the South African natural products industry for the treatment of anxiety and depression, with several products available both locally and abroad. Research on this species has seen rapid growth with advancements in analytical and pharmacological tools, in an effort to understand the composition and biological activity. The Web of Science (WoS) database was searched for articles related to 'Sceletium' and 'Mesembrine'. These data were additionally analysed by bibliometric software (VOSviewer) to generate term maps and author associations. The thematic areas with the most citations were South African Traditional Medicine for mental health (110) and anxiolytic agents (75). Pioneer studies in the genus focused on chemical structural isolation, purification, and characterisation and techniques such as thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography (HPLC, UPLC, and more recently, LC-MS), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study mesembrine alkaloids. Different laboratories have used a diverse range of extraction and preanalytical methods that became routinely favoured in the analysis of the main metabolites (mesembrine, mesembranol, mesembranone, and Sceletium A4) in their respective experimental settings. In contrast with previous reviews, this paper identified gaps in the research field, being a lack of toxicology assays, a deficit of clinical assessments, too few bioavailability studies, and little to no investigation into the minor alkaloid groups found in Sceletium. Future studies are likely to see innovations in analytical techniques like leaf spray mass spectrometry and direct analysis in real-time ionisation coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-HR-TOF-MS) for rapid alkaloid identification and quality control purposes. While S. tortuosum has been the primary focus, studying other Sceletium species may aid in establishing chemotaxonomic relationships and addressing challenges with species misidentification. This research can benefit the nutraceutical industry and conservation efforts for the entire genus. At present, little to no pharmacological information is available in terms of the molecular physiological effects of mesembrine alkaloids in medical clinical settings. Research in these fields is expected to increase due to the growing interest in S. tortuosum as a herbal supplement and the potential development of mesembrine alkaloids into pharmaceutical drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Research Progress on the Homologous Effects of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet on Medicine and Food: A Review.
- Author
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Yang, Jian, Lei, Yi, Yan, Junlin, Zhong, Yewei, Abudurexiti, Adalaiti, Tan, Huiwen, Ye, Yinsong, Zhang, Rui, Tong, Fenglian, and Ma, Xiaoli
- Subjects
CICHORIUM ,CHEMICAL composition of plants ,BLOOD lipids ,GUT microbiome ,HERBAL medicine ,FLAVONOID glycosides - Abstract
Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet is a genus of chicory in the family of Asteraceae, and it is a "medicine food homology" herbal medicine, which has the effect of detoxifying heat, diuretic and swelling, and strengthening the stomach. This paper reviews the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and practical applications of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet and provides a comprehensive account of its role in human health and diet, pharmacological activities, and toxicity. Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet, "medicine food homology" herbal medicine, is often widely used in compound formulations with functions such as clearing the liver, promoting gallbladder, and enhancing immunity. Previous studies have found that multiple chemical components have been isolated and identified from Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet, mainly including 89 compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, and phenylpropanoids. Meanwhile, the extract has various biological activities, including hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic, regulating blood lipids, aiding digestion, anticancer, regulating intestinal microbiota and immune function, antioxidant, and has been proven in both in vivo and in vitro studies. As an important plant resource, the current research focuses on the traditional efficacy of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet. The chemical composition of this genus of plants is complex and their pharmacological activities are diverse. Further in-depth studies on the molecular mechanisms and toxic side effects of its specific compounds in the organism are needed. Therefore, this review provides a reference for the development and utilization of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Synthesis of Bioplastic-based Renewable Cellulose Acetate from Teak Wood (Tectona grandis) Biowaste Using Glycerol-Chitosan Plasticizer
- Author
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Rhismayanti, Fatin Atikah Nata Sya’idah, Baiti Rohmawati, Willy Tirza Eden, and Dante Alighiri
- Subjects
Phytochemistry ,biology ,Plasticizer ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Bioplastic ,Cellulose acetate ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Tectona ,Drug Discovery ,Glycerol ,Environmental Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Cellulose acetate was synthesized from cellulose which was isolated from teak wood (Tectona grandis) biowaste. The isolation process used an isolation method using nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite and bleaching with calcium hypochlorite. Cellulose acetate was synthesized with acetic anhydride, toluene as a solvent, and sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Cellulose acetate reacted with acetic acid as a catalyst and glycerol-chitosan as a plasticizer. This product yielded a bioplastic. The synthesized products were characterized by using FTIR and SEM. The bioplastic’s mechanical properties were evaluated by ASTM D638 method. Based on the results of FTIR analysis, this result was successfully performed. This condition was shown by the sharpness of the hydroxyl group of cellulose acetate than the hydroxyl group in the cellulose and wood powder. The optimum result of bioplastic was obtained by composition of cellulose acetate: acetic acid: chitosan: glycerol is 0.8 gram: 15 mL: 0,4 gram: 1 mL.
- Published
- 2018
29. Nigella Sativa L. Seeds Biomass as A Potential Sorbent of Lead from Aqueous Solutions and Wastewaters
- Author
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Abdelhamid Addala, Noureddine Belattar, and Maria Elektorowicz
- Subjects
Sorbent ,Aqueous solution ,Phytochemistry ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Nigella sativa ,Soil chemistry ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,GEOBASE ,Drug Discovery ,Environmental Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Published
- 2018
30. Reduction of Peroxide Number in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Using Rubber Fruit Shell (Heveabra silliensis) as Bio-sorbent
- Author
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Siti Nurfadilla Siregar, Setiaty Pandia, Zuhrina Masyithah, Amir Husin, Fitriani Indah Lestari, and Mersi Suriani Sinaga
- Subjects
Green chemistry ,Phytochemistry ,Sorbent ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Peroxide ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Petrochemical ,chemistry ,Natural rubber ,visual_art ,Drug Discovery ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Palm oil ,Environmental Chemistry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2018
31. The Effects of Pretreatment Methods of Carbon-Containing Wastes in Thermal Catalytic Recycling
- Author
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Ruslan Safarov, Maria Faizullaeva, N.K. Zhakirova, Y.A. Aubakirov, Zhanat Shomanova, Larissa Sassykova, Zheneta Tashmukhambetova, and Kairat Burkhanbekov
- Subjects
Green chemistry ,Phytochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,Pretreatment method ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biochemistry ,Catalysis ,Petrochemical ,chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Thermal ,Environmental Chemistry ,Carbon - Published
- 2017
32. A Meeting of the society was held jointly with the British Society of Perfumers at the School of Pharmacy, University of London, on 9 January 1973 when the following papers were presented, under the general title: Phytochemistry of plant perfumes biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoids
- Author
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G.P. Moss
- Subjects
Phytochemistry ,business.industry ,Political science ,Library science ,Pharmacy ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,Horticulture ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 1973
33. Medicinal value of Azadirachta indica: A review.
- Author
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Oli, Binita and Gautam, Deepak
- Subjects
NEEM ,SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,VIRUS diseases ,GALLIC acid ,DIETARY supplements ,PLANT products - Abstract
Nature has been a great source of therapeutic compounds. The use of plants and plant-derived products as medicine has been a popular tradition as the beginning of human civilization. Plants are considered as the richest source of traditional and modern medications as well as food supplements, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities for synthetic drugs. Among them, Azadirachta indica is one of the most versatile, multitudinous tree having immense potentials. Since Vedic times, it has been known as the multi-directional therapeutic uses in India. It is economically cheaper and safe and its different parts such as leaves, flowers, bark, fruits, gum, seeds, oil possesses great medicinal properties. The aim of this review is to assemble all the information regarding the distribution, botanical description, commercial and medicinal values of Azadirachta indica. This paper is fully based on secondary data. Information was gathered from about 28 published articles from various online portals and these gathered information is analyzed and presented well here in this paper. Azadirachta indica is commonly known as ‘Neem’ which is regarded beneficial to humans and animals. Different parts of neem has been used for treating various diseases such as cancer, Dental diseases, stress, ulcers, heart diseases, malaria, skin diseases, viral diseases, AIDS, oral diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, etc. Chemically diverse and structurally complex phytochemical constituents such as azadirachtin, nimbolinin, nimbidin, gedunin, nimbidol, Quercedin, gallic acid, glycoside, amino-acid, ascorbic acid, salannin and many others are found in Azadirachta indica which show anti-diabetic, antiviral, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective and gastro-protective activities. Thus, more attention must be given for the production of this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
34. Evaluation of the Phytochemistry–Therapeutic Activity Relationship for Grape Seeds Oil.
- Author
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Gitea, Manuel Alexandru, Bungau, Simona Gabriela, Gitea, Daniela, Pasca, Bianca Manuela, Purza, Anamaria Lavinia, and Radu, Andrei-Flavius
- Subjects
GRAPE seed oil ,GRAPE seeds ,GRAPE seed extract ,OILSEEDS ,GRAPES ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,AGRICULTURAL wastes - Abstract
Seeds' abundant biologically active compounds make them a suitable primary platform for the production of natural extracts, innovative foods, medicines, and cosmetics. High levels of industrial and agricultural residues and byproducts are generated during the processing of grapes, although some parts can also be repurposed. This paper examines the phytochemical composition, manufacturing processes, and health-improving attributes of many varieties of grape oil derived using various extraction methods. Since the results are influenced by a range of factors, they are expressed differently among studies, and the researchers employ a variety of measuring units, making it difficult to convey the results. The primary topics covered in most papers are grape seed oil's lipophilic fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols. In addition, new methods for extracting grape seed oil should therefore be designed; these methods must be affordable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly in order to increase the oil's quality by extracting bioactive components and thereby increasing its biological activity in order to become part of the overall management of multiple diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Anticancer Activity of Biogenically Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus Roseus.
- Author
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Elumalai, Velmurugan, Ramdoss, Ramya, and Padmanaban, Rajashree
- Subjects
- *
CATHARANTHUS roseus , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *ZETA potential , *PLANT extracts , *CYTOTOXINS - Abstract
The aim of this paper was (1) to study the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using whole plant extract of Catharanthus roseus (CR or C. roseus) known to have anticancer effects, (2) to investigate the induction of cell death by CR synthesized SeNPs (CR‐SeNPs) in lung cancer cell line (A549), and (3) to compare their anticancer potential with commercial SeNPs. The formation of polycrystalline CR‐SeNPs with absorption maxima of 275 nm, needle shaped nanorods, with mean diameter of 95 nm and −45mv zeta was demonstrated by XRD, UV‐vis spectroscopy, SEM, and zeta potential measurements. The presence of functional group from CR biomolecules was observed in CR‐SeNPs by FTIR. Cytotoxicity assay against A549 cancer cell line indicated potent anticancer activity (IC50 = 23.180 ± 0.140 µg) for CR‐SeNPs and mechanism of induction of cell death was found to be mediated through apoptotic phenomena through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Notably, a significant increase in apoptosis was observed in the cells treated with CR‐SeNPs than commercial SeNPs treated cells. Nevertheless, lack of toxicity was observed in in vitro (hemolysis assay) and in vivo models. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles may possess higher anticancer properties than commercial SeNPs due to synergism of phytochemicals from CR and SeNPs. Further investigation in the therapeutic mechanisms of CR‐SeNPs is warranted in the in vivo conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Physico-chemical Quality and Efficiency Study of Textile and Garments Effluent
- Author
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BC Sarker, Ahmed Hossain, Md. Abdul Baten, Md. Zahedul Hasan, Shikha Sarker, and Md. Ekram Ul Haque
- Subjects
Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Soil chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,Total dissolved solids ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,020801 environmental engineering ,Petrochemical ,Odor ,Chemical engineering ,GEOBASE ,Drug Discovery ,Environmental Chemistry ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The objective of this study was to ascertain textile and garments effluents’ quality parameters and suitability for irrigation and aquaculture. Concentration of different parameters i.e. pH, temperature, color, odor, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS) and concentration of ionic constituents viz. Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and PO4
- Published
- 2016
37. Bioactive Phenylpropanoids, Phenolic Acid and Phytosterol from Landolphia owariensis P. Beauv Stringy Seed Pulp
- Author
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Peter Proksch, Patience O. Osadebe, and Tochukwu J.N. Okonkwo
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,Phytochemistry ,food.ingredient ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Landolphia ,Quinic acid ,Phenolic acid ,engineering.material ,Protocatechuic acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,food ,Chlorogenic acid ,engineering ,Acetone ,Organic chemistry - Abstract
Landolphia owariensis P. Beauv is economically important for latex/rubber and folklore medicine. Its stringy seed pulp is freely eaten by humans and animals. Thus, L. owariensis stringy seed pulp was extracted serially with hexane and acetone to isolate and characterize its active pharmaceutical ingredients. Solvent/solvent partition and chromatographic separations afforded four bioactive compounds, (E)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxylcinnamoyl)quinic acid [(E)-Chlorogenic acid], I; (E)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxylcinnamoyl)quinic acid methyl ester [(E)-Chlorogenic acid methyl ester], II; 3,4-Dihydroxylbenzoic acid, (Protocatechuic acid), III; and 22,23-Dihydrostigmaster-3β-ol (3β-Sitosterol) (IV). Structures of I, II and III were assigned by combinations of high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and reference to published literatures, while compound IV was identified by chemical methods and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The phenylpropanoids and phenolic acid (compounds I, II and III) are notable standard antioxidants with confirmed hepatic-protective activity and other exciting biological activities. Compound IV has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity, anti-colon cancer action and a cholesterol-lowering effect. The described compounds are important medicinal constituents of L. owariensis stringy seed pulp, and this is the first major report on the phytochemistry of L. owariensis P. Beauv.
- Published
- 2015
38. Novel Natural Products for Healthy Ageing from the Mediterranean Diet and Food Plants of Other Global Sources—The MediHealth Project
- Author
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Noureddine Allouche, Nikos Xynos, Nicolas Adamopoulos, Christian Wolfrum, Victor Kesternich, Hermann Stuppner, Jean-Luc Wolfender, Luc Pieters, Hung Tran, Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis, Birgit Waltenberger, Bernd L. Fiebich, Ioannis P. Trougakos, Maria Halabalaki, Nina Hermans, Pidder Jansen-Dürr, Stefan Schwaiger, Stefan Schönbichler, and Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Subjects
Mediterranean diet ,Nutritional Sciences ,natural products ,International Cooperation ,Phytochemicals ,MediHealth ,healthy ageing ,food plants ,metabolites ,bioavailability ,pharmacology ,phytochemistry ,synthetic chemistry ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Diet, Mediterranean ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Healthy Aging ,Mice ,Drug Discovery ,Elderly people ,2. Zero hunger ,International research ,ddc:615 ,Pharmacology. Therapy ,Concept Paper ,3. Good health ,Chemistry ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Molecular Medicine ,Plants, Edible ,Biological Availability ,Biology ,Nutraceutical ,Animals ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Biological Products ,Plants, Medicinal ,010405 organic chemistry ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biotechnology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Interdisciplinary Communication ,Healthy ageing ,business - Abstract
There is a rapid increase in the percentage of elderly people in Europe. Consequently, the prevalence of age-related diseases will also significantly increase. Therefore, the main goal of MediHealth, an international research project, is to introduce a novel approach for the discovery of active agents of food plants from the Mediterranean diet and other global sources that promote healthy ageing. To achieve this goal, a series of plants from the Mediterranean diet and food plants from other origins are carefully selected and subjected to in silico, cell-based, in vivo (fly and mouse models), and metabolism analyses. Advanced analytical techniques complement the bio-evaluation process for the efficient isolation and identification of the bioactive plant constituents. Furthermore, pharmacological profiling of bioactive natural products, as well as the identification and synthesis of their metabolites, is carried out. Finally, optimization studies are performed in order to proceed to the development of innovative nutraceuticals, dietary supplements or herbal medicinal products. The project is based on an exchange of researchers between nine universities and four companies from European and non-European countries, exploiting the existing complementary multidisciplinary expertise. Herein, the unique and novel approach of this interdisciplinary project is presented. ISSN:1420-3049
- Published
- 2018
39. China Medicinal Plants of the Ampelopsis grossedentata —A Review of Their Botanical Characteristics, Use, Phytochemistry, Active Pharmacological Components, and Toxicology.
- Author
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Wu, Rong-Rong, Li, Xiang, Cao, Yu-Hang, Peng, Xiong, Liu, Gao-Feng, Liu, Zi-Kui, Yang, Zi, Liu, Zhao-Ying, and Wu, Yong
- Subjects
MEDICINAL plants ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,LIPID metabolism ,TOXICOLOGY ,WATERSHEDS ,FLAVONES - Abstract
Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is mainly distributed in Chinese provinces and areas south of the Yangtze River Basin. It is mostly concentrated or scattered in mountainous bushes or woods with high humidity. Approximately 57 chemical components of AG have been identified, including flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids, volatile components, and other chemical components. In vitro studies have shown that the flavone of AG has therapeutic properties such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, enhancing immunity, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, being hepatoprotective, and being anti-tumor with no toxicity. Through searching and combing the related literature, this paper comprehensively and systematically summarizes the research progress of AG, including morphology, traditional and modern uses, chemical composition and structure, and pharmacological and toxicological effects, with a view to providing references for AG-related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Agastache Species: A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical Composition and Therapeutic Properties.
- Author
-
Nechita, Mihaela-Ancuța, Toiu, Anca, Benedec, Daniela, Hanganu, Daniela, Ielciu, Irina, Oniga, Ovidiu, Nechita, Vlad-Ionuț, and Oniga, Ilioara
- Subjects
SPECIES ,PHENOLIC acids ,ESSENTIAL oils ,PHENYLPROPANOIDS ,FENNEL - Abstract
The Agastache genus is part of the Lamiaceae family and is native to North America, while one species, Agastache rugosa (A. rugosa), is native to East Asia. A review on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of Agastache genus was last performed in 2014. Since then, a lot of progress has been made on the characterization of the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of Agastache species. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present a summary of the findings on the phytochemistry and biological effects of several Agastache species, including both extracts and essential oil characterization. We performed a comprehensive search using PubMed and Scopus databases, following PRISMA criteria regarding the study selection process. The available data is focused mainly on the description of the chemical composition and bioactivity of A. rugosa, with fewer reports referring to Agastache mexicana (A. mexicana) and Agastache foeniculum (A. foeniculum). Agastache species are characterized by the dominance of flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as volatile compounds, particularly phenylpropanoids and monoterpenes. Moreover, a series of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-atherosclerotic, and cardioprotective properties, have been reported for species from the Agastache genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. GC–MS analysis of bioactive constituents of Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees. (Acanthaceae)
- Author
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Sathish S Sahaya, N Janakiraman, and M Johnson
- Subjects
Ethanol ,Phytochemistry ,Chromatography ,Filter paper ,biology ,Sodium ,Acanthaceae ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Alcohol ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Phytochemical ,Botany ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry - Abstract
Objective To characterize the chemical constituents of Peristrophe bicalyculata (P. bicalyculata) Received 9 January 2012 (Retz.) Nees. using GC-MS. Methods Ten grams of powdered sample was extracted with Received in revised form 7 February 2012 30 mL ethanol overnight and filtered through ash less filter paper with sodium sulphate (2 g) and the extract was concentrated to 1 mL by bubbling nitrogen into the solution. The Clarus 500 GC used in the analysis employed a column packed with Elite–1 (100% dimethyl poly siloxane, 30 nm × 0.25 nm ID. × 1 μm df) and the components were separated using Helium (1 mL/min) as the carrier gas. The 2 μL sample extract injected into the instrument was detected by the Turbo gold mass detector (Perkin Elmer) with the aid of the Turbo mass 5.1 software. Results The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of seven different phytochemical Phytochemistrycompounds namely propane,1,1-diethoxy (68.89%), (6Z)-nonen-1-ol (24.00%), 4-methyl-2,4Chemical profilebis(4'-trimethylsilyloxyphenyl)pentene-1 (3.56%), cyclooctyl alcohol (1.78%), oxirane, butyl-(0.89%), Medicinal plants (2H)pyrrole-2-carbonitrile,5-amino-3,4-dihydro-(0.44%) and ethaneperoxoic acid,1-cyano 1-[2-(2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl] pentyl ester (0.44%). Conclusions The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms the application of P. bicalyculata for various ailments by traditional practitioners. However, isolation of individual phytochemical constituents may proceed to find a novel drug.
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- 2012
42. Abortitristoside A and desrhamnosylverbanscoside: the potential COX-2 inhibitor from the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis as anti-inflammatory agents based on the in vitro assay, molecular docking and ADMET prediction
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Vishwakarma, Rahul Kumar, Negi, Devendra Singh, and Negi, Aaysha
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- 2023
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43. Forsythiae Fructus: A Review on its Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics
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Lan Tang, Zhanglu Dong, Xian-Yuan Lu, Xueli Tong, Menghua Liu, and Yaqian Dong
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0301 basic medicine ,Phytochemistry ,Phytochemicals ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Review ,Traditional Chinese medicine ,Pharmacology ,Antiviral Agents ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pharmacokinetics ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,quality control ,Forsythia ,Traditional medicine ,010405 organic chemistry ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Forsythiae Fructus ,Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ,0104 chemical sciences ,stomatognathic diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Molecular Medicine ,phytochemistry ,pharmacokineticsType of the Paper ,pharmacology ,business ,pharmacokinetics ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used both as a single herb and in compound prescriptions in Asia, mainly due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. Modern pharmacology has proved Forsythiae Fructus possesses various therapeutic effects, both in vitro and in vivo, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Up to now, three hundred and twenty-one compounds have been identified and sensitive analytical methods have been established for its quality control. Recently, the pharmacokinetics of Forsythiae Fructus and its bioactive compounds have been reported, providing valuable information for its clinical application. Therefore, this systematic review focused on the newest scientific reports on Forsythiae Fructus and extensively summarizes its phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and standardization procedures, especially the difference between the two applied types—unripe Forsythiae Fructus and ripe Forsythiae Fructus—in the hope of providing a helpful reference and guide for its clinical applications and further studies.
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- 2017
44. Phytochemical residue profiles in rice grains fumigated with essential oils for the control of rice weevil
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S. Manivannan, S. Ezhil Vendan, Anila M. Sunny, and R. Murugesan
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0106 biological sciences ,Phytochemistry ,Insecticides ,Cinnamomum zeylanicum ,Phytochemicals ,lcsh:Medicine ,Plant Science ,Toxicology ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Mass Spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Spectrum Analysis Techniques ,Filter Paper ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Food science ,lcsh:Science ,Pinene ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Plant Biochemistry ,Sitophilus ,Chromatographic Techniques ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,Mentha piperita ,Plants ,Lipids ,Eugenol ,Laboratory Equipment ,Chemistry ,Phytochemical ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Fumigation ,Physical Sciences ,Seeds ,Insect Pests ,Engineering and Technology ,Research Article ,Phosphine ,Equipment ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Pests ,Rice weevil ,Plant and Algal Models ,Oils, Volatile ,Animals ,Plant Oils ,Grasses ,Toxicity ,Caryophyllene ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Pesticide Residues ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Oryza ,biology.organism_classification ,010602 entomology ,Eucalyptol ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Clove Oil ,Weevils ,lcsh:Q ,Rice ,Menthyl acetate ,Oils ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the fumigant potential of five edible essential oils (EOs) against Sitophilus oryzae and their phytochemical residues in treated grains. Among the tested EOs, peppermint oil proved significantly effective (P ≤ 0.05) on S.oryzae at 400 μl/L air concentration, inducing 83 and 100% mortalities in with-food and without-food conditions respectively over 72 h exposure. In addition, it was also observed that the binary mixtures of peppermint + lemon oil (1:1 ratio) produced an equivalent effect to that of peppermint oil alone treatments. The phytochemical residue analysis by GC-MS revealed the presence of six compounds upon 72 h exposure to EOs. Further, the analysis of physico-chemical properties of the compounds indicated a positive correlation between polar surface area (PSA) and its residual nature. The residue levels of eugenol were significantly elevated corresponding to its high PSA value (29) in clove and cinnamon oils. On the other hand, the compounds with zero PSA value imparted very less or no (D-Limonene, caryophyllene, pinene and terpinolene) residues in treated grains. With respect to the most active peppermint oil, L-menthone, menthyl acetate and eucalyptol residues were at 67, 41 and 23% levels respectively. The outcome of the present study indicate the peppermint oil as a potent fumigant against S. oryzae, and although the residues of phytochemicals in treated grains is higher; they belong to the generally recognised as safe (GRAS) status leaving no harmful effect.
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- 2017
45. An updated and comprehensive review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological progress on the Hypecoum genus
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Yuan, Hai-Lian, Zhang, Li, Huang, Wen-Hao, Sun, Chang-Gang, and Luo, Xiao-Dong
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- 2024
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46. Sonchus oleraceus L.: ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects
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Sánchez-Aguirre, Oscar Antonio, Sánchez-Medina, Alberto, Juárez-Aguilar, Enrique, Barreda-Castillo, José Martín, and Cano-Asseleih, Leticia Margarita
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- 2024
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47. Specialized metabolites of the genus Zephyranthes Herb.: a critical review on taxonomy and phytochemistry
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Šafratová, Marcela, Vrabec, Rudolf, Blunden, Gerald, Cahlíková, Lucie, and Křoustková, Jana
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- 2024
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48. Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential: Metabolomics Insights into Medicinal Plants and Their Antidiabetic Effects
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Ahmad, Mohammed Abrar, Bhat, Showkat H., Iqra, Zainab, Jan, Insha, Yousuf, Safat, Syeed, Sobiya, Qureshi, Aijaz A., Sharma, Kartik Joshua, and Ganaie, Arsheed A.
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- 2024
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49. Fruit vinegar as a promising source of natural anti-inflammatory agents: an up-to-date review
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Ousaaid, Driss, Bakour, Meryem, Laaroussi, Hassan, El Ghouizi, Asmae, Lyoussi, Badiaa, and El Arabi, Ilham
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- 2024
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50. Chemotaxonomic Characteristics of Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. & K. Krause) Danser of Loranthaceae Collected from University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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WAHUA, C. and ODINMA, P.
- Abstract
Tapinanthus bangwensis commonly known as mistletoe, is a hemi parasitic shrub of Loranthaceae, and the native range is West Tropical Africa to Chad; used in tradomedicine to remedy various ailments in Nigeria. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the chemotaxonomic characteristics of Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. & K. Krause) Danser of Loranthaceae collected from University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results of anatomy revealed 4 to 5 rows of collenchyma at hypodermis, parenchyma domiciled in the ground tissues, vascular sclerenchyma present especially in vascular system. In the phytochemistry, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolics and flavonoids were present while terpenoids absent. These information would assist for further delimitation of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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