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In the title compound, [Zn(C(7)H(4)ClO(2))(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))], the Zn(II) atom is coordinated by two O atoms from two 4-chloro-benzoate ligands and two N atoms from a chelating 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) mol-ecule in a distorted N(2)O(2) tetra-hedral geometry. The Zn(II) atom is located on a twofold rotation axis, which also passes through the mid-point of the central C-C bond of the bpy ligand. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions between the pyridine rings of the bpy ligands [centroid-centroid distance = 3.642 (3) Å] link the complex mol-ecules into a two-dimensional supra-molecular structure parallel to (100). An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond is also observed.

In the title compound, {[Ca(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·0.5C(10)H(8)N(2)}(n), the Ca(II) atom is coordinated by eigth O atoms from four 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands and two water mol-ecules, resulting in a distorted CaO(8) square-anti-prismatic coordination environment. The 2-fluoro-benzoate ligand bridges two symmetry-related Ca(II) atoms, giving rise to a chain structure extending along [100]. The distances between the Ca atom and its two symmetry-related counterparts are 4.054 (2) and 4.106 (2) Å. The polymeric chains are connected by classical O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a layer structure parallel to (010). The layers are connected by non-classical C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure. O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions also occur. The uncoordinated 2,2'-bipyridine mol-ecule is located on a centre of symmetry at the mid-point of the bond between the two heterocycles. One of the two benzene rings is disordered over two sites with occupancy factors of 0.60 and 0.40.

In the title compound, [Mn(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)](C(7)H(4)FO(2))·3H(2)O, the Mn(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and two O atoms from one monodentate 4-fluoro-benzoate ion and one water mol-ecule, forming a distorted octa-hedral geometry. In the crystal, the three components are assembled into a tape structure along the a axis by O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Between the tapes, a π-π inter-action with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.569 (3) Å and a weak C-H⋯F hydrogen bond are observed.

The asymmetric unit of title compound, [Cd(C(9)H(6)NO(2))(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)]·0.5C(10)H(8)N(2)·2H(2)O, consists of one complex mol-ecule, one half of an uncoordinated 2,2'-bipyridine mol-ecule and two solvent water mol-ecules. The uncoordinated 2,2'-bipyridine mol-ecule is located on a center of symmetry. Within the complex mol-ecule, the Cd(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two 2,2'-bipyridine ligands and three O atoms from two 1H-indole-2-carboxyl-ate anion ligands, completing a distorted CdN(4)O(3) penta-gonal bipyra-mid. The mol-ecules are assembled into one-dimensional chains along the [100] direction through classical hydrogen bonds (O-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O). The resulting chains are further connected into two-dimensional supra-molecular layers parallel to the (110) direction by inter-molecular classical hydrogen bonds (N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O) from adjacent chains. A three-dimensional supra-molecular network is formed via interlayer and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, [Mg(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)(4)](C(7)H(4)FO(2))(2), consists of a bivalent [Mg(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)(4)](2+) cation and two 4-fluorbenzoate anions. In the complex cation, the Mg(II) atom is coordinated by two N atoms from a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand and four water O atoms in a distorted MgN(2)O(4) octa-hedral geometry. The Mg(II) atom is located on a twofold rotation axis and thus a cation exhibits C(2) mol-ecular symmetry. The 2,2'-bipyridine ligands exhibit nearly perfect planarity (r.m.s. deviations = 0.0061 Å). In the crystal, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

In the complex cation of the title compound, [Mg(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)(4)](C(7)H(4)BrO(2))(2), the Mg(II) atom is coordinated by two N atoms from a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand and four water O atoms in a distorted MgN(2)O(4) octa-hedral geometry. The cation is located on a special position on a twofold rotation axis which passes through the Mg(II) atom and the centroid of the 2,2'-bipyridine ligand. The 2,2'-bipyridine ligands exhibit nearly perfect coplanarity (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0035 Å) . In the crystal, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions [mean inter-planar distance of 3.475 (6) Å between adjacent 2,2'-bipyridine ligands] link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network. One Br atom is disordered over two sites with occupancy factors of 0.55 and 0.45.

In the title compound, [Zn(C(7)H(4)BrO(2))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)](C(7)H(4)BrO(2))·1.5H(2)O, the Zn(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands, one O atom from a 4-bromo-benzoate ligand and one water mol-ecule, completing a distorted ZnN(4)O(2) octa-hedral geometry. The two phen ligands exhibit nearly perfect coplanarity (r.m.s. deviations = 0.027 and 0.031 Å), making a dihedral angle of 85.7 (1)°. The mean inter-planar distances of 3.36 (2) and 3.41 (3) Å between adjacent phen ligands indicate π-π stacking inter-actions. The uncoordinated water mol-ecules are partly occupied. One carboxyl-ate O atom and two Br atoms are each disordered over two sites, with occupancy factors of 0.60 and 0.40. In the crystal structure, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions link the complex cations, uncoordinated 4-bromo-benzoate anions and water mol-ecules into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network. An intra-molecular O-H⋯·O hydrogen bond is observed in the cation.

In the title compound, [Zn(C(12)H(8)N(2))(3)](C(7)H(4)BrO(2))(2)·6.5H(2)O, the Zn(II) atom is coordinated by six N atoms from three 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The chelating phen ligands exhibit nearly perfect coplanarity (r.m.s. deviations of 0.048, 0.039 and 0.061 Å). The mean inter-planar distances of 3.51 (2) and 3.54 (4) Å between adjacent phen ligands indicate π-π stacking inter-actions, which connect the complex cations into chains along [101]. The 4-bromo-benzoate anions and the uncoordinated water mol-ecules, parts of which are not fully occupied, are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Two carboxyl-ate O atoms and one Br atom in the 4-bromo-benzoate anions are each disordered over two sites with occupancy factors of 0.60 and 0.40.

The hydro-thermal reaction of SrCO(3) and 2-bromo-benzoic acid in CH(3)OH-H(2)O afforded the Sr(II) title polymeric complex, [Sr(C(7)H(4)BrO(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n). Within the coordination sphere, the Sr(II) ion is located on a crystallographic twofold axis, and is coordinated by eight O atoms from two water mol-ecules and four carboxyl-ate groups of 2-bromo-benzoate ligands in an irregular coordination geometry. Two μ(3)-carboxyl-ate groups of the 2-bromo-benzoate anions bridge two symmetry-related Sr(II) atoms, giving rise to a chain structure extending along [001]. The polymeric chains are connected via O-H⋯O and O-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds inter-actions into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

In the title complex mol-ecule, [CdBr(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)], the Cd(II) ion is six-coordinated by two cis-arranged bromide anions and four N atoms of two bidentate 2,2'-bipyridine ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The dihedral angle formed by the mean planes through the bipyridine ligands is 87.01 (11)°. In the crystal packing, π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.837 (6) and 3.867 (11) Å] link adjacent complex mol-ecules into chains running parallel to the b axis. The chains are further connected by inter-molecular C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.

In the title compound, [Pb(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·2H(2)O, the Pb(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands and four O atoms from two 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands in an irregular polyhedral coordination geometry. Two carboxyl-ate O atoms and one F atom are each disordered over two sites with occupancy factors of 0.60 and 0.40. The dihedral angle between the two phen ligands is 89.9 (1)°. The mean inter-planar distances are alternatively of 3.44 (3) and 3.45 (3) Å, indicating π-π stacking inter-actions between the neighboring phen ligands. In the crystal, O-H⋯O, O-H⋯F and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the complex mol-ecules and uncoordinated water mol-ecules into a supra-molecular network.

In the title compound, [Pb(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(0.5)]·2H(2)O, the Pb(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands, four O atoms from two 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands and a half-occupied water mol-ecule in an irregular coordination geometry. One carboxyl-ate O atom and two F atoms are each disordered over two sites with occupancy factors of 0.558 (6) and 0.442 (6). The two crystallographically independent phen ligands are co-planar [dihedral angle 0.0 (2)°]. Centroid-centroid distances of 3.659 (7) and 3.687 (7) Å indicate π-π stacking inter-actions between neighboring phen ligands. In the crystal, O-H⋯O, C-H⋯F and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the complex mol-ecules and uncoordinated water mol-ecules into a supra-molecular network.

The title compound, [Cu(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)](2)[W(6)O(19)], consists of two [Cu(phen)(2)](+) cations (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and one typical [W(6)O(19)](2-) isopolyanion. The Cu(I) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate chelating phen ligands in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. The hexa-tungstate anion, lying on an inversion center and possessing the well known Lindqvist structure, is formed by six edge-sharing WO(6) octa-hedra, thus exhibiting an approximate O(h) symmetry. Three kinds of O atoms exist in the hexa-tungstate, viz. terminal O(a), bridging O(b) and central O(c) atoms. Besides the electrostatic effects between the anions and cations, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds exist between the phen ligands and O(a) or O(b) atoms. The mean inter-planar distances of 3.485 (1) and 3.344 (1) Å indicate π-π stacking inter-actions between neighboring phen ligands. These weak hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions lead to a two-dimensional network.

The hydro-thermal reaction of CoCO(3) and 4-fluoro-benzoic acid afforded the title Co(II) complex, [Co(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n). The Co(II) atom is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by six O atoms from two water mol-ecules and four μ(2)-carboxyl-ate groups of 4-fluoro-benzoate anions, forming a distorted CoO(6) octa-hedron, with Co-O bond lengths in the range 2.071 (2)-2.130 (2) Å. All adjacent O-Co-O angles are in the range 84.78 (6)-95.22 (6)° and opposite angles are 180.0°. Each μ-carboxyl-ate group of the 4-fluoro-benzoate anions bridges two symmetry-related Co(II) atoms. Hydrogen-bonding inter-actions of the coordinated water mol-ecules further connect the cobalt-carboxyl-ate units, forming layers perpendicular to the a axis. The cobalt-oxygen layers are encased in a sandwich-like fashion by layers of π-stacked 4-fluoro-benzoate anions. Within these layers the benzene rings of the 4-fluoro-benzoate anions are π-stacked, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.432 (4) Å.

The hydro-thermal reaction of Ni(2)(OH)(2)CO(3) with 2,2'-bipyridine and 2-indolyl-formic acid in CH(3)OH/H(2)O at 423 K for 7 d produced the novel Ni(II) complex [Ni(C(9)H(6)NO(2))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)](C(9)H(6)NO(2))·2H(2)O. The asymmetric unit of the title compound consists of a monovalent [Ni(L)(bpy)(2)(H(2)O)](+) cation (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and L is 1H-indole-2-carboxyl-ate), an L anion and two solvent water mol-ecules. In the [Ni(L)(bpy)(2)(H(2)O)](+) cations, the Ni atom coordinates to four N atoms from the two bpy ligands and two O atoms, one from a L anion and the other from a water mol-ecule to complete an significantly distorted NiN(4)O(2) octa-hedron. The coordinated and solvate water mol-ecules form an extensive series of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are also present and the mol-ecules are inter-linked, forming a three-dimensional network.

In the title compound, [Pb(2)(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(4)(H(2)O)(2)](n), one Pb(II) atom is coordinated by seven O atoms and one F atom from five 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands, and the other Pb(II) atom is coordinated by five O atoms from four 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands and three water mol-ecules, resulting in distorted PbO(7)F and PbO(8) polyhedra. The 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands bridge Pb atoms, giving rise to a one-dimensional chain structure extending along the [100] direction. The polymeric chains are connected via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions, with an inter-planar distance of 3.46 (1) Å. An intramolecular O-H⋯F interaction is also present.

In the title compound, C(14)H(13)NO(2), the mean planes through the benzyl and 2-hydoxybenzamide units make a dihedral angle of 68.81 (7)°. There is an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond involving the carbonyl O atom and the 2-hydr-oxy substituent. In the crystal structure, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link symmetry-related mol-ecules into one-dimensional chains extending along the a-axis direction. These chains are further connected via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a sheet-like structure.