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This paper is concerned with the robustly exponentially almost sure (EAS) stabilization of uncertain discrete‐time composite switched systems (CSSs), in which the dominant signal subjects to a semi‐Markov chain, while the subordinate signals follow a family of different Markov chains. Norm‐bounded uncertainties impacting the state and input matrices of the system are taken into account. Utilizing numerical computation methods, bounds on the transient statistical properties of Markov chain are provided. Based on this, sufficient conditions for robustly EAS stabilization are established by combining an estimate of the sojourn time for modes in a semi‐Markov chain. Our result is the discrete counterpart of prior work concerning continuous‐time dual‐switching systems. Two examples are provided to validate the effectiveness of developed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The facilitation of learners' achievement may be enhanced by considering the role of different constructs of positive psychology (PP) such as well‐being and engagement. Besides, there is a widespread belief that self‐efficacy has become an important psychological construct that can affect learners' academic performance. Additionally, the interpersonal connections that learners have with their teachers and peers within the educational setting play a pivotal role in their intellectual development. Several studies have confirmed that both peers and teachers have a significant role in shaping the academic performance of learners. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of empirical research examining the potential relationship between peer and teacher support and its impact on learner engagement (LE), and well‐being with the mediator role of self‐efficacy. Therefore, this research was designed to examine it among 640 students in China. The package of five questionnaires, namely the teacher and peer support, LE, well‐being, and self‐efficacy was administered to collect the data. The results obtained from the structural equation model (SEM) indicated that students who receive higher levels of support from their educators and classmates were engaged more and had high well‐being. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that social (teacher and peer) support was a predictor of both well‐being (β = 0.436, p < 0.01) and engagement (β = 0.666, p < 0.01). Furthermore, social (teacher and peer) support was a strong predictor of efficacy (β = 0.768, p < 0.01). Indeed, self‐efficacy could predict both well‐being (β = 0.446, p < 0.01) and engagement (β = 0.183, p < 0.01). As a result, some suggestions are recommended for teachers, students, teacher educators and other members of the academic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dry or saturated state, water–cement ratio, coarse aggregate type and steel fiber on the stress–strain relationship of RAC under cyclic loading were studied. What is more, the characteristics of stress–strain curve, plastic strain, stress degradation and stiffness degradation of RAC under cyclic loading were analyzed. The microstructure of RAC was analyzed. Based on the principle of surface energy, the reason for the decrease in compressive strength of wet concrete was analyzed. In addition, the envelope equation of stress–strain curve under cyclic loading, unloading and reloading curve was established. The test results showed that the peak stress of the envelope line of RAC under cyclic loading was affected by dry or saturated state, water–cement ratio and coarse aggregate type, but the addition of steel fiber could reduce the degradation rate of stress and stiffness of RAC after peak strain. The plastic strain accumulation of RAC before and after the peak stress was quite different, but dry or saturated state, water–cement ratio, coarse aggregate type and steel fiber have no obvious influence on the plastic strain accumulation of RAC. The pores and cracks of RAC provide space and channels for the moisture absorption and water absorption. The Weibull–Lognormal statistical distribution envelope model, unloading curve model and reloading curve model established were in good agreement with the experimental curves. The research results provided a reference for the study of the full curve constitutive model of RAC under cyclic loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frailty is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes independent of age and comorbidities, yet the independent influence of frailty progression on cardiovascular outcomes remains uncertain. Methods: To determine whether frailty progression is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, independent of baseline frailty and age, we evaluated all Medicare Fee‐for‐Service beneficiaries ≥65 years at cohort inception with continuous enrollment from 2003 to 2015. Linear mixed effects models, adjusted for baseline frailty and age, were used to estimate change in a validated claims‐based frailty index (CFI) over a 5‐year period. Survival analysis was used to examine frailty progression and risk of adverse health outcomes. Results: There were 8.9 million unique patients identified, mean age 77.3 ± 7.2 years, 58.7% female, 10.9% non‐White race. In total, 60% had frailty progression and 40% frailty regression over median follow‐up of 2.4 years. Compared to those with frailty regression, when adjusting for age and baseline CFI, those with frailty progression had a significantly greater risk of incident major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–1.31), all‐cause mortality (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.34–1.34), acute myocardial infarction (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07–1.09), heart failure exacerbation (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.29–1.30), ischemic stroke (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.14–1.15). There was also a graded increase in risk of each outcome with more rapid progression, as well as significantly fewer days alive at home (DAH) with more rapid progression compared to the slowest progression group (270.4 ± 112.3 vs. 308.6 ± 93.0 days, rate ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0.87–0.88, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this large, nationwide sample of older Medicare beneficiaries, frailty progression, independent of age and baseline frailty, was associated with fewer DAH and a graded risk of MACCE, all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and ischemic stroke compared to those with frailty regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quantitative diffusion metrics provide additional microstructural information of diseases. The robustness of quantitative diffusion metrics should be established before clinical application. Purpose: To evaluate the variability and reproducibility of quantitative diffusion MRI metrics. Study Type: Prospective. Population: 14 volunteers (7 men; median age, range, 28, 26–59 years). Field strength/Sequence: 3.0‐T/Diffusion spectrum imaging. Assessment: Brain MRI studies were performed four times per subject: involving different combinations of coil types and voxel sizes. Regions of interest of 13 brain anatomical sites were drawn by one observer twice and another observer once to allow interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility assessment. Twenty‐five quantitative metrics were calculated using four diffusion models. Statistical Tests: The variability was evaluated with coefficients of variation (CV), and quartile coefficient of dispersion (QCD). The reproducibility was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the influence of factors on robustness of quantitative diffusion metrics. A two‐tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The variability of quantitative diffusion metrics showed CV of 2.4%–68.2%, and QCD of 0.6%–48.2%, respectively. The reproducibility of scans using 20‐channel coils with voxels of 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 and 3 × 3 × 3 mm3, respectively (ICC 0.03–0.84, CCC 0.03–0.84) was significantly worse than that of repeated scans using a 20‐channel coil with a voxel size of 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 (ICC of 0.74–0.97, CCC 0.74–0.97) and that of scans using 20‐ and 64‐channel coils, respectively, with a voxel size of 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 (ICC 0.59–0.95, CCC 0.59–0.95). The intraobserver reproducibility (ICC 0.49–0.94, CCC 0.49–0.94) was significantly better than the interobserver reproducibility (ICC 0.28–0.91, CCC 0.28–0.91). Data Conclusion: Our study indicated that the voxel size has a greater influence on the reproducibility of quantitative diffusion metrics than scan‐rescans and coils. The reproducibility within one observer was higher than that between two observers. Evidence Level: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interaction between tumor‐associated macrophages and tumor cells is crucial for tumor development, metastasis, and the related immune process. However, the macrophages are highly heterogeneous spanning from anti‐tumorigenic to pro‐tumorigenic, which needs to be understood at the single‐cell level. Herein, a sessile microdroplet system designed for monitoring cellular behavior and analyzing intercellular interaction, demonstrated with macrophage‐tumor cell pairs is presented. An automatic procedure based on the inkjet printing method is utilized for the precise pairing and co‐encapsulation of heterotypic cells within picoliter droplets. The sessile nature of microdroplets ensures controlled fusion and provides stable environments conducive to adherent cell culture. The nitric oxide generation and morphological changes over incubation are explored to reveal the complicated interactions from a single‐cell perspective. The immune response of macrophages under distinct cellular microenvironments is recorded. The results demonstrate that the tumor microenvironment displays a modulating role in polarizing macrophages from anti‐tumorigenic into pro‐tumorigenic phenotype. The approach provides a versatile and compatible platform to investigate intercellular interaction at the single‐cell level, showing promising potential for advancing single‐cell behavior studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Transition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes represents a straightforward strategy for the synthesis of chiral secondary alcohols. However, efficient methods using organoborons as coupling reagents are rare. Herein, we report a highly enantioselective nickel‐catalyzed alkylation reaction of aldehydes, using readily available alkylborons as nucleophiles. A wide variety of chiral secondary alcohols were prepared from commercially available aldehydes with high yields. The key to the excellent enantioselectivity and chemoselectivity was the employment of a bulky C2‐symmetric chiral NHC ligand. This protocol features excellent enantiocontrol, mild conditions, and good functional group compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Transition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes represents a straightforward strategy for the synthesis of chiral secondary alcohols. However, efficient methods using organoborons as coupling reagents are rare. Herein, we report a highly enantioselective nickel‐catalyzed alkylation reaction of aldehydes, using readily available alkylborons as nucleophiles. A wide variety of chiral secondary alcohols were prepared from commercially available aldehydes with high yields. The key to the excellent enantioselectivity and chemoselectivity was the employment of a bulky C2‐symmetric chiral NHC ligand. This protocol features excellent enantiocontrol, mild conditions, and good functional group compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Chemical prelithiation is widely proven to be an effective strategy to address the low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of promising SiOx anode. Though the reagent composition has been widely explored, the Li+ solvation structure, which practically plays the cornerstone role in the prelithiation ability, rate, uniformility, has rarely been explored. A novel environmentally‐friendly reagent with weak solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) is proposed that enables both improved ICE and spatial homogeneous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). And the prelithiation behavior and mechanism were explored focused on the Li+ solvation structure. Both theoretical investigation and spectroscopic results suggest that weak solvent feature of CPME reduces the solvent coordination number and decreases the Li+ desolvation energy. The optimized Li+ solvation structure enables high‐efficiency prelithiation that ensures the horizontal homogenization and mechanical properties of SEI. Moreover, the accompanied CPME molecules preferentially occupy positions in initial SEI, reducing the likelihood of LiPF6 decomposition and promoting longitudinal homogenization of SEI. Consequently, the efficient and homogenous prelithiation enables impressive ICE of 109.52% and improved cycling performance with 80.77% retained after 300 cycles via just 5 min soaking. Furthermore, the full cells with LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 (NCM831205) cathode display an enhancement in the energy density of 179.74% and up to 648.35 Wh·kg–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Highly aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high tumor recurrence and poor outcomes, but its definition and imaging characteristics have not been clearly described. Purpose: To develop and validate a fusion model on gadobenate dimeglumine‐enhanced MRI for identifying highly aggressive HCC. Study Type: Retrospective. Population: 341 patients (M/F = 294/47) with surgically resected HCC, divided into a training cohort (n = 177), temporal validation cohort (n = 77), and multiscanner validation cohort (n = 87). Field Strength/Sequence: 3T, dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with T1‐weighted volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination gradient‐echo sequences, especially arterial phase (AP) and hepatobiliary phase (HBP, 80–100 min). Assessment: Clinical factors and diagnosis assessment based on radiologic morphology characteristics associated with highly aggressive HCCs were evaluated. The radiomics signatures were extracted from AP and HBP. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to construct clinical‐radiologic morphology (CR) model and clinical‐radiologic morphology‐radiomics (CRR) model. A nomogram based on the optimal model was established. Early recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was evaluated in actual groups and risk groups calculated by the nomogram. Statistical Tests: The performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, calibration curves analysis, and decision curves. Early RFS was evaluated by using Kaplan–Meier analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The CRR model incorporating corona enhancement, cloud‐like hyperintensity on HBP, and radiomics signatures showed the highest diagnostic performance. The area under the curves (AUCs) of CRR were significantly higher than those of the CR model (AUC = 0.883 vs. 0.815, respectively, for the training cohort), 0.874 vs. 0.769 for temporal validation, and 0.892 vs. 0.792 for multiscanner validation. In both actual and risk groups, highly and low aggressive HCCs showed statistically significant differences in early recurrence. Data Conclusion: The clinical‐radiologic morphology‐radiomics model on gadobenate dimeglumine‐enhanced MRI has potential to identify highly aggressive HCCs and non‐invasively obtain prognostic information. Level of Evidence: 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive, adult‐onset neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by combinations of autonomic failure, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal signs. Although a few genetic factors have been reported to contribute to the disease, its mutational profiles have not been systemically studied. Methods: To address the genetic profiles of clinically diagnosed MSA patients, exome sequencing and triplet repeat detection was conducted in 205 MSA patients, including one familial case. The pathogenicity of variants was determined according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines. Results: In the familial patient, a novel heterozygous COQ2 pathogenic variant (p.Ala351Thr) was identified in the MSA pedigree. In the sporadic patients, 29 pathogenic variants were revealed in 21 genes, and the PARK7 p.Ala104Thr variant was significantly associated with MSA (p = 0.0018). Moreover, burden tests demonstrated that the pathogenic variants were enriched in cerebellar ataxia‐related genes in patients. Furthermore, repeat expansion analyses revealed that two patients carried the pathogenic CAG repeat expansion in the CACNA1A gene (SCA6), one patient carried the (ACAGG)exp/(ACAGG)exp expansion in RFC1 and one carried the GAA‐pure expansion in FGF14 gene. Conclusion: In conclusion, a novel COQ2 pathogenic variant was identified in a familial MSA patient, and repeat expansions in CACNA1A, RFC1 and FGF14 gene were detected in four sporadic patients. Moreover, a PARK7 variant and the burden of pathogenic variants in cerebellar ataxia‐related genes were associated with MSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxias (SCARs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. VPS13D gene is currently the only gene associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 (SCAR4), also known as VPS13D dyskinesia. SCAR4 is a rare inherited disease, with only 34 reported cases reported worldwide. In this study, we reported three independent SCAR4 cases with adolescent onsets caused by five novel variants of the VPS13D gene. Each patient carried one frameshift and one missense variant: Patient 1 with c.10474del and c.9734C > A (p.Leu3492Tyrfs*43 and p.Thr3245Asn), Patient 2 with c.6094_6107delGTTCTCTTGATCCC and c.9734C > A (p.Val2032Argfs*7 and p.Thr3245Asn), and Patient 3 with c.11954_11963del and c.9833 T > G (p.Phe3985Serfs*10 and p.Ile3278Ser). Two of the three patients shared nystagmus with an identical variant c.9734C > A. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated thoracic spinal atrophy in all three patients and corpus callosum atrophy in one patient, along with other typical manifestations of white matter degradation, cerebral atrophy, and cerebellar atrophy. These findings expanded the genetic, clinical, and neuroimaging spectrum of SCAR4, and provided new insights into the genetic counseling, molecular mechanisms, and differential diagnosis of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, significant improvement has been made in the management of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), primarily driven by advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Research on neoadjuvant targeted therapy has also experienced considerable development, primarily directed towards NSCLC harboring epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutations. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of studies investigating neoadjuvant targeted therapy in the context of BRAF (V‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) V600E mutant NSCLC. Herein, we describe the clinical trajectory of a stage IIIA NSCLC patient who underwent a two‐month course of neoadjuvant targeted therapy comprising BRAF and MEK (mitogen‐activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase) inhibitors prior to surgical intervention, and subsequent postoperative evaluation unveiled a pathological complete response. The case reported here indicates the efficacy and safety of combining BRAF and MEK inhibitors as neoadjuvant targeted therapy in BRAF V600E‐mutant NSCLC and suggests the potential viability of such a therapeutic modality in improving treatment outcomes in this subset of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parcellation of human cerebellar pathways is essential for advancing our understanding of the human brain. Existing diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography parcellation methods have been successful in defining major cerebellar fibre tracts, while relying solely on fibre tract structure. However, each fibre tract may relay information related to multiple cognitive and motor functions of the cerebellum. Hence, it may be beneficial for parcellation to consider the potential importance of the fibre tracts for individual motor and cognitive functional performance measures. In this work, we propose a multimodal data‐driven method for cerebellar pathway parcellation, which incorporates both measures of microstructure and connectivity, and measures of individual functional performance. Our method involves first training a multitask deep network to predict various cognitive and motor measures from a set of fibre tract structural features. The importance of each structural feature for predicting each functional measure is then computed, resulting in a set of structure–function saliency values that are clustered to parcellate cerebellar pathways. We refer to our method as Deep Multimodal Saliency Parcellation (DeepMSP), as it computes the saliency of structural measures for predicting cognitive and motor functional performance, with these saliencies being applied to the task of parcellation. Applying DeepMSP to a large‐scale dataset from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult study (n = 1065), we found that it was feasible to identify multiple cerebellar pathway parcels with unique structure–function saliency patterns that were stable across training folds. We thoroughly experimented with all stages of the DeepMSP pipeline, including network selection, structure–function saliency representation, clustering algorithm, and cluster count. We found that a 1D convolutional neural network architecture and a transformer network architecture both performed comparably for the multitask prediction of endurance, strength, reading decoding, and vocabulary comprehension, with both architectures outperforming a fully connected network architecture. Quantitative experiments demonstrated that a proposed low‐dimensional saliency representation with an explicit measure of motor versus cognitive category bias achieved the best parcellation results, while a parcel count of four was most successful according to standard cluster quality metrics. Our results suggested that motor and cognitive saliencies are distributed across the cerebellar white matter pathways. Inspection of the final k = 4 parcellation revealed that the highest‐saliency parcel was most salient for the prediction of both motor and cognitive performance scores and included parts of the middle and superior cerebellar peduncles. Our proposed saliency‐based parcellation framework, DeepMSP, enables multimodal, data‐driven tractography parcellation. Through utilising both structural features and functional performance measures, this parcellation strategy may have the potential to enhance the study of structure–function relationships of the cerebellar pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc metal has emerged as a promising candidate for high‐capacity and low‐cost anodes in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries; nevertheless, it encounters serious obstacles, including low cycling stability and poor reversibility, caused by parasitic reactions and the formation of zinc dendrites. Herein, the study proposes a novel nonprotonic dimethylacetamide (DMAC)/ZnCl2/LiCl electrolyte that enables both solvation structural modulation of [ZnClx]2‐x and the cationic electrostatic shielding effect of [Li(DMAC)]+ by controlling the concentration of LiCl. The optimal concentration of LiCl electrolyte (0.28 m), which results in the highest ratio of [ZnCl3]−, strikes a balance between low desolvation energy and a high mass transfer rate while promoting homoepitaxial deposition of Zn (002). Moreover, inert [Li(DMAC)]+ ions, which possess a lower reduction potential, preferentially adsorb onto zinc protrusions, mitigating the tip effect. Leveraging electrolyte engineering, the zinc deposition/stripping process results in impressive long‐term stability, surpassing 2,800 cycles, and the Zn||MnO2 cell also achieves a stable lifespan extending beyond 1400 cycles. The research highlights the potential of LiCl as an additive in the modulation of water‐free electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Maxillary canines are often impacted, which can result in tooth disorders and adversely affect occlusal and facial development. The case report describes complete bilateral impaction of maxillary canines and significant root resorption of a central incisor. The multidisciplinary approach is the optimal strategy for addressing impacted maxillary canines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungus Colletotrichum fructicola, is considered one of the most destructive diseases affecting apples. The VQ‐WRKY complex plays a crucial role in the response of plants to biotic stresses. However, our understanding of the defensive role of the VQ‐WRKY complex on woody plants, particularly apples, under biotic stress, remains limited. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the defensive role of the apple MdVQ37‐MdWRKY100 module in response to GLS infection. The overexpression of MdWRKY100 enhanced resistance to C. fructicola, whereas MdWRKY100 RNA interference in apple plants reduced resistance to C. fructicola by affecting salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression level of the CC‐NBS‐LRR resistance gene MdRPM1. DAP‐seq, Y1H, EMSA, and RT‐qPCR assays indicated that MdWRKY100 inhibited the expression of MdWRKY17, a positive regulatory factor gene of SA degradation, upregulated the expression of MdPAL1, a key enzyme gene of SA biosynthesis, and promoted MdRPM1 expression by directly binding to their promotors. Transient overexpression and silencing experiments showed that MdPAL1 and MdRPM1 positively regulated GLS resistance in apples. Furthermore, the overexpression of MdVQ37 increased the susceptibility to C. fructicola by reducing the SA content and expression level of MdRPM1. Additionally, MdVQ37 interacted with MdWRKY100, which repressed the transcriptional activity of MdWRKY100. In summary, these results revealed the molecular mechanism through which the apple MdVQ37‐MdWRKY100 module responds to GLS infection by regulating SA content and MdRPM1 expression, providing novel insights into the involvement of the VQ‐WRKY complex in plant pathogen defence responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing reliable noninvasive tools to precisely diagnose clinically significant liver fibrosis (SF, ≥F2) remains an unmet need. We aimed to build a combined radiomics‐clinic (CoRC) model for triaging SF and explore the additive value of the CoRC model to transient elastography‐based liver stiffness measurement (FibroScan, TE‐LSM). This retrospective study recruited 595 patients with biopsy‐proven liver fibrosis at two centers between January 2015 and December 2021. At Center 1, the patients before December 2018 were randomly split into training (276) and internal test (118) sets, the remaining were time‐independent as a temporal test set (96). Another data set (105) from Center 2 was collected for external testing. Radiomics scores were built with selected features from Deep learning‐based (ResUNet) automated whole liver segmentations on MRI (T2FS and delayed enhanced‐T1WI). The CoRC model incorporated radiomics scores and relevant clinical variables with logistic regression, comparing routine approaches. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The additive value of the CoRC model to TE‐LSM was investigated, considering necroinflammation. The CoRC model achieved AUCs of 0.79 (0.70, 0.86), 0.82 (0.73, 0.89), and 0.81 (0.72‐0.91), outperformed FIB‐4, APRI (all p < 0.05) in the internal, temporal, and external test sets and maintained the discriminatory power in G0‐1 subgroups (AUCs range, 0.85–0.86; all p < 0.05). The AUCs of joint CoRC‐LSM model were 0.86 (0.79–0.94), and 0.81 (0.72–0.90) in the internal and temporal sets (p = 0.01). The CoRC model was useful for triaging SF, and may add value to TE‐LSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High dynamic range omnidirectional image (HOI) can provide more real and immersive watching experience for viewers, thus has become an important presentation of virtual reality technology. However, both the system processing and the characteristics of HOI make the design of HOI quality metric (HOIQM) a challenging issue. In this work, considering the difference between whole field of view (FoV) and viewer‐selected viewport, distortion features from both global and local perspectives are extracted, and a blind HOIQM is proposed. Specifically, because different regions have different projections in SSP projection, we have constructed the optimal bivariate response pair in the equatorial region and bipolar region according to their projection direction, and parameters in the BGGD based‐spatial oriented correlation model are extracted as global statistical features. Meanwhile, combined with the visual perception for HOI, the key blocks are determined in equatorial region, and the local statistical characteristics of the key blocks are extracted by analyzing the distribution of multiscale structure information. Finally, the global and local features are regressed by SVR to obtain the final HOI quality. Experimental results on NBU‐HOID database demonstrate that the proposed quality metric is outperformed the existing representative quality metrics and is more consistent with human visual perception for HOI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis directly affects the treatment strategy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely used in patients with advanced LUAD to identify targeted genes, while early detection of pathologic LN metastasis using NGS has not been assessed. Methods: Clinicopathologic features and molecular characteristics of 224 patients from Ruijin Hospital were analyzed to detect factors associated with LN metastases. Another 140 patients from Huashan Hospital were set as a test cohort. Results: Twenty‐four out of 224 patients were found to have lymph node metastases (10.7%). Pathologic LN‐positive tumors showed higher mutant allele tumor heterogeneity (p < 0.05), higher tumor mutation burden (p < 0.001), as well as more frequent KEAP1 (p = 0.001), STK11 (p = 0.004), KRAS (p = 0.007), CTNNB1 (p = 0.017), TP53, and ARID2 mutations (both p = 0.02); whereas low frequency of EGFR mutation (p = 0.005). A predictive nomogram involving male sex, solid tumor morphology, higher T stage, EGFR wild‐type, and TP53, STK11, CDKN2A, KEAP1, ARID2, KRAS, SDHA, SPEN, CTNNB1, DICER1 mutations showed outstanding efficiency in both the training cohort (AUC = 0.819) and the test cohort (AUC = 0.780). Conclusion: This study suggests that the integration of genomic profiling and clinical features identifies early‐invasive LUAD patients at higher risk of LN metastasis. Improved identification of LN metastasis is beneficial for the optimization of the patient's therapy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysregulated lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) signaling is implicated in fibrotic diseases, including systemic sclerosis (SSc) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Fipaxalparant (HZN‐825) is a small molecule acting as a negative allosteric modulator of LPAR1 and is in phase 2 clinical evaluations for treating diffuse cutaneous SSc and IPF. This open‐label, phase 1 study examined the pharmacokinetics (PKs), food effect, and safety of fipaxalparant in healthy volunteers. Dose proportionality was evaluated for fipaxalparant single doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg under fasted conditions. Food effect was tested with a 450‐mg single dose under fasted conditions or with a high‐fat meal. Multiple‐dose PKs for twice‐daily dosing of either 300 or 450 mg with low‐ or high‐fat meals was also assessed. Fipaxalparant was safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers (n = 36) under all conditions. Fipaxalparant exposure increased in a less than dose‐proportional manner from 150 to 450 mg. At 450 mg, a high‐fat meal increased the maximum observed concentration and area under the curve by approximately 1.9‐ and 2.1‐fold, respectively. These results, combined with prior preclinical and phase 2a data, informed dose selection of fipaxalparant 300 mg once and twice daily with a meal for phase 2b studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled approach to the rapid screening and diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) using bone marrow morphology. A convolutional neural network (CNN) with embedded attention mechanisms was developed to recognize APL in microscope images. The model was trained and evaluated using a large dataset of bone marrow smear images, achieving high accuracy and performance. The AI-assisted system, called CELLSEE, showed potential for improving the speed and accuracy of APL diagnosis, enabling early identification and treatment. The study highlights the importance of AI in medical diagnostics and its potential for reducing mortality rates in APL cases. [Extracted from the article]

Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental threats for asthma. Its impact is augmented by climate change. To inform the recommendations of the EAACI Guidelines on the environmental science for allergic diseases and asthma, a systematic review (SR) evaluated the impact on asthma‐related outcomes of short‐term exposure to outdoor air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO), heavy traffic, outdoor pesticides, and extreme temperatures. Additionally, the SR evaluated the impact of the efficacy of interventions reducing outdoor pollutants. The risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS‐E tools and the certainty of the evidence by using GRADE. Short‐term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 probably increases the risk of asthma‐related hospital admissions (HA) and emergency department (ED) visits (moderate certainty evidence). Exposure to heavy traffic may increase HA and deteriorate asthma control (low certainty evidence). Interventions reducing outdoor pollutants may reduce asthma exacerbations (low to very low certainty evidence). Exposure to fumigants may increase the risk of new‐onset asthma in agricultural workers, while exposure to 1,3‐dichloropropene may increase the risk of asthma‐related ED visits (low certainty evidence). Heatwaves and cold spells may increase the risk of asthma‐related ED visits and HA and asthma mortality (low certainty evidence). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc metal is a promising choice as a high‐capacity and cost‐effective anode for aqueous zinc‐based batteries. However, it faces challenges related to low cycling stability and poor reversibility due to parasitic reactions and the growth of zinc dendrites. In this study, a solution is proposed by introducing a conductive Ti4O7 layer on the zinc anode to enhance electrode stability. The Ti4O7 layer serves a dual purpose, effectively preventing spontaneous corrosion of the zinc anode in the electrolyte, thereby inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction and the generation of byproducts. Simultaneously, it promotes Zn nucleation and ensures a uniform electric field distribution, resulting in homogeneous Zn plating and stripping compared to using a bare zinc anode. Consequently, the Ti4O7‐coated Zn anode experiences a significant reduction in over‐potential, demonstrating long‐term stability and dendrite‐free behavior. This outcome ensures low polarization potential and high cycling stability in zinc‐ion batteries. The work underscores the potential of conductive oxides in the development of stable metal electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple lines of evidence confirm a widespread increase in vegetation growth across China over the past few decades. The relationship between vegetation growth and water availability is thought to be becoming stronger under climate change, that is, water constraints on vegetation growth have been increasing. However, our understanding of how water constraints have influenced these vegetation greening trends, especially those climate change‐driven ones, remains limited. Here, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of recent water constraints and their implications for vegetation growth in China between 1982 and 2015. By analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns of the relationship between vegetation growth and water availability, we reveal recent water constraints and their changes hidden within an overall greening trend in China. Further analysis demonstrates that two climate change‐related categories, defined broadly as "climate" (e.g., air temperature, precipitation, and so on) and "CO2" (i.e., atmospheric carbon dioxide), have exerted varying levels of importance in regulating vegetation growth across different water constraints. With increasing water constraints, the proportion of the climate‐dominated area has significantly risen, while that of the CO2‐dominated area has sharply declined. Our findings highlight that water constraints can mediate the dominance of climate and atmospheric CO2 on vegetation growth. This has the great potential to exacerbate the uncertainty surrounding current and future sustainable vegetation greening trends. Plain Language Summary: China's vegetation growth has shown a broad increase under climate change and human activities over the past few decades. At the same time, changes in vegetation water demand, terrestrial water availability, and climatic factors are expected to lead to increasing water constraints on vegetation growth. However, whether water constraints have influenced climate change‐driven vegetation greening trends remains unclear. In this study, we provide a comprehensive assessment of recent water constraints and their implications for vegetation growth in China between 1982 and 2015. To do this, we analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of the relationship between vegetation growth and water availability to reveal recent water constraints hidden within China's vegetation greening. Further analysis shows that climate and atmospheric CO2 have exerted varying levels of importance in regulating vegetation growth across different water constraints. With increasing water constraints, more regions become climate‐dominated and fewer become CO2‐dominated. Overall, our findings highlight that water constraints can mediate the dominance of climate and atmospheric CO2 on vegetation growth. This will help decision‐makers recognize the uncertainty of sustainable vegetation greening trends. Key Points: We reveal recent water constraints and their changes hidden within China's widespread vegetation greeningClimate and atmospheric CO2 have exerted varying levels of importance in regulating vegetation growth across different water constraintsWith increasing water constraints, more of China's vegetated regions become climate‐dominated and fewer become CO2‐dominated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a formidable global health challenge. Targeting genetic aberrations, particularly KRAS and TP53 mutations, remains a critical challenge in PDAC treatment. Herein, it is demonstrated for the first time that electron‐rich aromatic pyrrole derivatives can be transformed into red‐to‐near‐infrared emissive radical cations in an acidic buffer, efficiently targeting mitochondria and triggering mutant p53 (mutp53) degradation. Leveraging the positive charge characteristic of radical cations (P6•+), a bifunctional nanoparticle is successfully engineered by combining P6•+ with KRAS siRNA. P6@siKRAS simultaneously induces mutp53 degradation and the oncogenic KRAS downregulation, thereby abrogating gain‐of‐function effects by mutp53 and inhibiting downstream signaling pathways regulated by KRAS, leading to significant suppression of tumor growth, invasion, and drug resistance. Consequently, P6@siKRAS demonstrates remarkable therapeutic efficacy in both the p53‐KRAS‐double‐mutated pancreatic cancer model and the LSL‐KrasG12D/+; LSL‐Trp53R172H/+; Pdx‐1‐Cre (KPC) mice model. Moreover, the down‐regulation of mutp53 and KRAS by P6@siKRAS not only inhibits tumor growth but also substantially remodels the tumor microenvironment, recruiting and boosting the infiltration of anti‐tumor immune cells, thereby augmenting the anti‐tumor immune response. This study showcases the development of mutp53‐degrading functional gene carriers, offering a promising and innovative therapeutic strategy for tackling p53‐KRAS‐double‐mutated pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce an innovative intelligent LCD color calibration method that utilizes a Lookup Table (LUT) derived from process parameters or specifications of key LCD components. Our method significantly enhances the white color coordinate difference area by 46.6% in CIE 1931, achieved by incorporating only LED color ranks into the LUT. Compared to current LCD color calibration methods, this approach eliminates the need for additional color measurement equipment investment. It has minimal impact on production tact time and seamlessly integrates with existing industry equipment, making it a potential solution to notably improve the overall color difference performance in the LCD industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) face social isolation due to the far‐reaching effects of their disease and treatment. Based on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, we analysed the relationship between perceived stress and social isolation in patients, and the mediating role of internal health‐related locus of control (IHLC) from the perspective of co‐existence of perceived helplessness (HEL) and perceived self‐efficacy (SEL). We used structured questionnaires to investigate 332 cases of young and middle‐aged MHD patients in four tertiary hospitals in Guangdong, China. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis were conducted, along with tests of mediating effects on the data. The research was based on STROBE guidelines. The results showed that perceived stress is significantly and positively associated with social isolation. When the HEL and SEL of perceived stress were congruent, the joint effect of the two was in a positive curvilinear relationship to social isolation, when the two were incongruent, the risk of social isolation was lower for "low HEL‐high SEL" patients compared to the "high HEL‐low SEL" combination. The more congruent in HEL ‐SEL, the lower the risk of social isolation for the patients, with the IHLC playing a mediating role in this association. This study reveals that the coexistence of perceived stress's HEL and SEL affects social isolation through congruent and incongruent matching mechanism, providing additional explanations for the mechanism of occurrence of patients' social isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag@ceramic composite papermaking pigment was prepared by coating silver onto red ceramic powder using the electroless plating method. SEM and XRD showed that the ceramic pigments have a porous crystalline structure and that silver particles had been successfully loaded onto the surface and into the pores of the Ag@ceramic. Untreated ceramic pigment and Ag@ceramic pigment were incorporated into paper sheets by coating, filling and filling‐coating. Using spinach as an example, the ability of the different papers to preserve food was then evaluated. Four indicators were used to assess the preservative effect of the papers: inhibition of growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, weight loss of the spinach and retention of vitamin C and chlorophyll in the spinach. Although the ceramic preservative paper has no antibacterial properties, it reduced weight loss from the spinach and increased retention of vitamin C and chlorophyll. The antibacterial preservative papers inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus by >99%, and because of their additional antibacterial activity, these papers preserved the spinach more effectively. The experimental results showed that the antibacterial food‐preservative paper incorporating ceramic pigments had great potential in food packing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, structural colors derived from photonic crystals (PCs) with a periodically ordered nanostructure are gorgeous and iridescent, but once their structure is destroyed, they will fade. In this work, the feasibility of the application of bio‐based waterborne polyurethanes (WPU) in structural color films was explored. The structural stability of PCs is enhanced bio‐based WPU as a kind of green product, which can replace solvent polyurethane one. A tung oil polyol (TOP) is fabricated by one‐step method with simple purification process and used to prepare waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WPUD). More introduction of TOP into the WPUD may help improve tensile strength and hydrophobic capability. It shows excellent mechanical properties with 16.8 MPa in tensile strength and water contact angle 109.5°. The SEM images confirmed that bio‐based WPU is more conducive to the self‐assembly of silica particles than traditional WPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The presence of a circadian cycle of cerebral blood flow may have implications for the occurrence of daily variations in cerebrovascular events in humans, but how cerebral blood flow varies throughout the day and its mechanism are still unclear. The study aimed to explore the diurnal variation of cerebral blood flow in healthy humans and its possible mechanisms. Arterial spin labelling images were collected at six time‐points (09:00 hours, 13:00 hours, 17:00 hours, 21:00 hours, 01:00 hours, 05:00 hours) from 18 healthy participants (22–39 years old; eight females) to analyse diurnal variations in cerebral blood flow. Resting heart rate and blood pressure at six time‐points and blood indicators (20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, prostaglandin E2, noradrenaline and nitric oxide) related to cerebral vascular tone at two time‐points (09:00 hours and 21:00 hours) were collected to analyse possible influences on diurnal variations in cerebral blood flow. From 21:00 hours to 05:00 hours, parietal cortical relative cerebral blood flow tended to increase, while frontal cortical and cerebellar relative cerebral blood flow tended to decrease. There was a time‐dependent negative correlation between parietal cortical relative cerebral blood flow and resting heart rate, whereas there was a time‐dependent positive correlation between cerebellar relative cerebral blood flow and resting heart rate. The change of parietal cortical relative cerebral blood flow was positively correlated with the change of nitric oxide. There was also a time‐dependent positive correlation between mean arterial pressure and mean whole‐brain cerebral blood flow. The findings indicated that parietal cortical relative cerebral blood flow and frontal cortical/cerebellar relative cerebral blood flow showed roughly opposite trends throughout the day. The diurnal variations in relative cerebral blood flow were regional‐specific. Diurnal variation of nitric oxide and neurogenic regulation may be potential mechanisms for diurnal variation in regional relative cerebral blood flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple fluorescent probe, (E)‐N‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenyl)‐1‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)methanimine (L), was synthesized via Schiff base condensation reaction between quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde and 3‐methoxy‐4‐methylaniline. L can be used as a ′turn‐on′ fluorescent probe for the selective and sensitive detection of Zn2+ ions in a CH3OH/HEPES medium. The detection limit was 1.04×10−7 M. Job plot analysis shows that the binding stoichiometry of L and Zn2+ is 1 : 1, further verified by the single crystal structure. The fluorescence‐enhanced response of L towards Zn2+ ions may be related to the chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) supported by theoretical calculations. By adding EDTA, the reversibility of the probe binding to Zn2+ ions is demonstrated, enabling the construction of a functional molecular logic circuit. In addition, probe L was successfully incorporated into test strips for the quantitative detection of Zn2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterovirus C116 (EV‐C116) is a new member of the enterovirus C group which is closely associated with several infectious diseases. Although sporadic studies have detected EV‐C116 in clinical samples worldwide, there is currently limited information available. In this study, two EV‐C‐positive fecal specimens were detected in apparently healthy children, which harbored low abundance, through meta‐transcriptome sequencing. Based on the prototypes of several EV‐Cs, two lineages were observed. Lineage 1 included many types that could not cause EV‐like cytopathic effect in cell culture. Three genogroups of EV‐C116 were divided in the maximum likelihood tree, and the two strains in this study (XZ2 and XZ113) formed two different lineages, suggesting that EV‐C116 still diffuses worldwide. Obvious inter‐type recombination events were observed in the XZ2 strain, with CVA22 identified as a minor donor. However, another strain (XZ113) underwent different recombination situations, highlighting the importance of recombination in the formation of EV‐Cs biodiversity. The EV‐C116 strains could propagate in rhabdomyosarcoma cell cultures at low titer; however, EV‐like cytopathic effects were not observed. HEp‐2, L20B, VERO, and 293T cell lines did not provide an appropriate environment for EV‐C116 growth. These results challenge the traditional recognition of the uncultured nature of EV‐C116 strains and explain the difficulty of clinical detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deadlock is an extreme traffic flow operational state during rush hours. Many literatures have studied autonomous vehicle coordination under the umbrella of deadlock‐free conditions. These researches either assume the trajectories are fixed or state spaces are discrete and limited on structured road spaces or don't consider the influence of human‐driven vehicles (HDV), which are not controllable from the system's viewpoint. This manuscript relaxes the above limitations and proposes a method to detect, avoid, and recover from deadlock for mixed autonomous vehicles flow. Firstly, two types of deadlocks, weak and strong , are defined based on deadlock properties. Next, two detection algorithms based on evasion distance propagation are proposed. After that, we present a cooperative control method to avoid deadlock based on chain‐spillover‐free and loop‐free strategies. If a deadlock has already happened, cooperative protocols based on re‐routing and backward‐forward strategies are designed. The proposed model is tested in Carla. The results show that the deadlocks can be detected 13 seconds earlier than their occurrence, and it takes about 6 seconds to unlock the existing deadlock. The results also show that with the proposed deadlock avoidance algorithm, the traffic throughput can be increased by 35.7%, and with the proposed deadlock recovery protocol, the traffic throughput can be increased by another 18%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. HCC exhibits strong inter‐tumor heterogeneity, with different biological characteristics closely associated with prognosis. In addition, patients with HCC often distribute at different stages and require diverse treatment options at each stage. Due to the variability in tumor sensitivity to different therapies, determining the optimal treatment approach can be challenging for clinicians prior to treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology, including radiomics and deep learning approaches, has emerged as a unique opportunity to improve the spectrum of HCC clinical care by predicting biological characteristics and prognosis in the medical imaging field. The radiomics approach utilizes handcrafted features derived from specific mathematical formulas to construct various machine‐learning models for medical applications. In terms of the deep learning approach, convolutional neural network models are developed to achieve high classification performance based on automatic feature extraction from images. Magnetic resonance imaging offers the advantage of superior tissue resolution and functional information. This comprehensive evaluation plays a vital role in the accurate assessment and effective treatment planning for HCC patients. Recent studies have applied radiomics and deep learning approaches to develop AI‐enabled models to improve accuracy in predicting biological characteristics and prognosis, such as microvascular invasion and tumor recurrence. Although AI‐enabled models have demonstrated promising potential in HCC with biological characteristics and prognosis prediction with high performance, one of the biggest challenges, interpretability, has hindered their implementation in clinical practice. In the future, continued research is needed to improve the interpretability of AI‐enabled models, including aspects such as domain knowledge, novel algorithms, and multi‐dimension data sources. Overcoming these challenges would allow AI‐enabled models to significantly impact the care provided to HCC patients, ultimately leading to their deployment for clinical use. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The assessment of resectability after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of hepatoblastoma is dependent on Post‐Treatment EXTENT of Disease (POSTTEXT) staging and its annotation factors P (portal venous involvement) and V (hepatic venous/inferior vena cava [IVC] involvement), but MR performance in assessing them remains unclear. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of contrast‐enhanced MR imaging for preoperative POSTTEXT staging and diagnosing vascular involvement in terms of annotation factors P and V in pediatric hepatoblastoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Study Type: Retrospective. Subjects: Thirty‐five consecutive patients (17 males, median age, 24 months; age range, 6–98 months) with proven hepatoblastoma underwent preoperative MR imaging following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Field Strength/Sequence: 3.0 T; T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), T2WI with fat suppression, diffusion weighted imaging, radial stack‐of‐the‐star/Cartesian 3D Dixon T1‐weighted gradient echo imaging. Assessment: Three radiologists independently assessed the POSTTEXT stages and annotation factors P and V based on the 2017 PRE/POSTTEXT system. The sensitivities and specificities were calculated for 1) diagnosing each POSTTEXT stage; 2) discrimination of stages III and IV (advanced) from those stages I and II (non‐advanced) hepatoblastomas; and 3) annotation factors P and V. The combination of pathologic findings and surgical records served as the reference standard. Statistical Tests: Sensitivity, specificity, Fleiss kappa test. Results: The sensitivity and specificity ranges for discriminating advanced from non‐advanced hepatoblastomas were 73.3%–80.0% and 80.0%–90.0%, respectively. For annotation factor P, they were 66.7%–100.0% and 90.6%, respectively. For factor V, they were 75.0% and 67.7%–83.9%, respectively. There was excellent, substantial, and moderate agreement on POSTTEXT staging (Fleiss kappa = 0.82), factors P (Fleiss kappa = 0.64), and factors V (Fleiss kappa = 0.60), respectively. Data Conclusion: MR POSTTEXT provides reliable discrimination between advanced and non‐advanced tumors, and MR has moderate to excellent specificity at identifying portal venous and hepatic venous/IVC involvement. Evidence Level: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Changes in the distribution of income over time are identified based on an adjusted two‐sample version of the Neyman smooth test by using subsampling methods to approximate the sampling distribution of the test statistic when samples are not independent of each other. A range of Monte Carlo experiments show that the approach corrects for size distortions arising from dependent samples as well as generating monotonic power functions. Applying the approach to studying the distribution of income in Australia over the business cycle and the Global Financial Crisis, the empirical results highlight the importance of higher‐order moments and demonstrate that business cycles are not all alike as the relative strengths of higher‐order moments vary over phases of the cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectral reflectance of a colour is its most essential characteristic, and it does not change with changes of equipment or light source. Therefore, the reconstruction of spectral reflectance from parameters such as colour tristimulus value and RGB has attracted the attention of researchers. To avoid the occurrence of metamerism in the colour reproduction process and to achieve the purpose of colour spectral reproduction, the spectral reflectance and the optimal parameters of the reconstruction using the weighted fitting method were discussed experimentally with the colour data measured from the Sino Colour Book as the research object. The results show that the best results are obtained when the weighted fitting parameters are weighted by the third power and eight colour samples are involved in the fitting. The reconstructed spectral reflectance obtained by the weighted fitting method has little variation and high overlap with the actual spectral reflectance obtained at each hue and lightness, thus meets the requirements of practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: At present, intraoperative ultrasound was widely used in spinal surgery. But there have been no reports on the use of intraoperative ultrasound in lateral decubitus position spinal surgery. The authors' research objective was to describe the applications of intraoperative ultrasound in spinal trauma surgery when performed in the lateral decubitus position. Methods: Six patients with polytrauma who underwent surgery for spinal trauma between June 2020 and March 2022 and could not be operated on using a posterior approach in the prone position. All six patients underwent surgery in the lateral decubitus position. During surgery, a capsular bag had been designed and surgical field can be filled with normal saline for acoustic coupling, and then ultrasound was used to observe and guide decompression, and assess injuries of the neural elements such as the spinal cord. The data of preoperative and postoperative (12 months) American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS), follow‐up time, operation time, blood loss, ultrasound signal change of spinal cord, ultrasound guide decompression, internal fixation (12 months), and fracture healing(12 months) were collected. Results: The study included four males and two females whose ages ranged from 19 to 56 years old (41.5 ± 13.06 years old). Follow‐up times ranged from 12 to 20 months (14.33 ± 2.75 months). The operation times ranged from 195 to 248 mins (222.16 ± 16.86 mins). The estimated volume of blood loss ranged from 280 to 450 mL (383.33 ± 55.58 mL). The six cases' AIS (preoperative vs. postoperative) were A versus A, C versus D, A versus B, B versus B, B versus C, and B versus C. Intraoperative ultrasound was performed successfully in all patients using our designed method. Intraoperative ultrasound observation revealed varying degrees of changes in spinal cord echo in all patients. Intraoperative ultrasound provided excellent assistance in spinal cord decompression during surgery. The surgery was completed successfully with no surgery‐related complications till the last follow‐up. At the time of last follow‐up (median time of 12 months) satisfactory fracture reduction and good internal fixation was confirmed on postoperative computed tomography scans and radiographs. Conclusions: The authors represented the technology of intraoperative ultrasound in spinal trauma surgery when performed in the lateral decubitus position. This technology solves how to apply intraoperative ultrasound in lateral decubitus position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The diagnosis of prenatal placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly dependent on radiologists' experience. A deep learning (DL) method using the prior knowledge that PAS‐related signs are generally found along the utero‐placental borderline (UPB) may help radiologists, especially those with less experience, to mitigate this issue. Purpose: To develop a DL tool for antenatal diagnosis of PAS using T2‐weighted MR images. Study Type: Retrospective. Subjects: Five hundred and forty pregnant women with clinically suspected PAS disorders from two institutions, divided into training (409), internal test (103), and external test (28) datasets. Field Strength/Sequence: Sagittal T2‐weighted fast spin echo sequence at 1.5 T and 3 T. Assessment: An nnU‐Net was trained for placenta segmentation. The UPB straightening approach was used to extract the utero‐placental boundary region. The UPB image was then fed into DenseNet‐PAS for PAS diagnosis. DenseNet‐PP learnt placental position information to improve the PAS diagnosis performance. Three radiologists with 8, 10, and 12 years of experience independently evaluated the images. Two radiologists marked the placenta tissue. Histopathological findings were the reference standard. Statistical Tests: Area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the classification. Dice coefficient evaluated the segmentation between radiologists and the model performance. The Mann–Whitney U‐test or the chi‐squared test assessed the significance of differences. Decision curve analysis was used to determine clinical effectiveness. DeLong's test was used to compare AUCs. Results: Of the 540 patients, 170 had PAS disorders confirmed by histopathology. The DL model using UPB images and placental position yielded the highest AUC of 0.860 and 0.897 in internal test and external test cohorts, respectively, significantly exceeding the performance of three radiologists (internal test AUC, 0.737–0.770). Data Conclusion: By extracting the UPB image, this fully automatic DL pipeline achieved high accuracy and may assist radiologists in PAS diagnosis using MRI. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of plasma membrane integrity poses a serious threat to cells, and the plasma membrane repair mechanism is vital to cell survival. To investigate the plasma membrane repair mechanism, a method for causing controllable plasma membrane injury on single cells and the visualization of the plasma membrane repair process are proposed. A microregion with harmful chemicals is created by open microfluidic probe, which is applied to target single cells for injury. The injury time is precisely controlled by simply moving the target cells in and out of the microregion. Wound‐repair process caused by injury is analyzed by fluorescence imaging in real time, revealing the repair kinetics at the single cell level. Using this method, the effect of external conditions (Ca2+, Mg2+, glucose) on plasma membrane repair in single cells is studied and the dynamics of intracellular species (Ca2+) is monitored. Meanwhile, cellular heterogeneity of plasma membrane repair is revealed. This method provides a precise way to induce chemical plasma membrane injury at the single‐cell level, which is a promising tool to study the mechanism of plasma membrane repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocular injuries and their complications represent the most common causes of visual impairment. For ocular surgery, there is an unmet need for highly transparent bioadhesives with superior adhesion, biocompatibility, and regenerative properties. Herein, a novel high‐transparent bioadhesive hydrogel composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) is developed by in situ oxidative free‐radical polymerization. This bioadhesive hydrogel overcomes the fundamental weakness of mussel‐inspired adhesive copolymers in clinical practice by combining multiple favorable properties, including high light transmission, mechanical strength, adhesive strength, and biocompatibility. DMA significantly enhances corneal epithelial cells adhesion, proliferation, and migration on GelMA, and prevents the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in corneal epithelial cells. In rabbit models of corneal and conjunctiva transplantation, the bioadhesive is able to decrease the inflammatory response and fibrosis formation induced by suture surgical trauma. In addition, the rabbit corneal stromal defect model reveals that the Gel/DMA bioadhesive could effectively seal corneal defects, accelerates corneal re‐epithelialization, and promotes wound healing. Thus, given the advantages of high bioactivity and simple preparation, the Gel/DMA bioadhesive represents a promising strategy for suture‐free ocular repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are pivotal in electrochemical energy conversion technologies, but their operation at high temperatures necessitates the development of efficient and durable electro‐catalysts. Herein, a novel electro‐catalyst composed of Pt3Ni alloy nanoparticles exsolved on oxygen‐deficient PrBaMn1.8Pt0.15Ni0.05O5+δ layered perovskite oxides is presented. This design addresses the critical problem of nanoparticle agglomeration at high temperatures, a major hurdle for SOCs. The atomic‐scale mechanisms of oxygen vacancy formation and hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics in the material are unraveled through density functional theory calculations. A unique finding of this work is the formation of a core‐shell structure during water electrolysis, simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical performance and operational durability in both fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes. This study not only strengthens the potential of Pt‐Ni alloy nanoparticles as efficient electro‐catalysts for SOCs, but also opens up avenues for future exploration in energy‐related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]