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Heather Collins, assistant chief of operations for the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, has been selected as the next president-elect of the American Water Works Association (AWWA). Collins will begin her term in June 2024, following the conclusion of AWWA's Annual Conference & Exposition. Other officers selected at the meeting include Reid Campbell as treasurer, Ken Kawahara, Rebecca Venot, and Carol Walczyk as vice presidents, and Andrea Odegard-Begay as director-at-large. In other news, the US Global Change Research Program has released its fifth National Climate Assessment, which provides an overview of climate change risks and responses. AWWA has also recommended revisions to the proposed Lead and Copper Rule Improvements to make it feasible and affordable for communities. [Extracted from the article]

Physics‐driven discovery in an autonomous experiment has emerged as a dream application of machine learning in physical sciences. Here, this work develops and experimentally implements a deep kernel learning (DKL) workflow combining the correlative prediction of the target functional response and its uncertainty from the structure, and physics‐based selection of acquisition function, which autonomously guides the navigation of the image space. Compared to classical Bayesian optimization (BO) methods, this approach allows to capture the complex spatial features present in the images of realistic materials, and dynamically learn structure–property relationships. In combination with the flexible scalarizer function that allows to ascribe the degree of physical interest to predicted spectra, this enables physical discovery in automated experiment. Here, this approach is illustrated for nanoplasmonic studies of nanoparticles and experimentally implemented in a truly autonomous fashion for bulk‐ and edge plasmon discovery in MnPS3, a lesser‐known beam‐sensitive layered 2D material. This approach is universal, can be directly used as‐is with any specimen, and is expected to be applicable to any probe‐based microscopic techniques including other STEM modalities, scanning probe microscopies, chemical, and optical imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrations of greenhouse gases reached record levels in 2021, and energy continued to accumulate in the climate system with the ocean heat content reaching a new record high. Despite La Niña, annual average sea-surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific were not unusually cold (unusually cold years are defined here as those in the coolest 10% of years observed in the dataset). European and UK climate In the UK, the annual average temperature was nearly 1 degC warmer than the 1961-1990 average (Table 1, Figure 7), but close to the more recent 1991-2020 average. January was the UK's coldest month since March 2013, and 12 February saw a temperature of -23°C recorded at Braemar, the lowest temperature recorded in the UK since 1995. [Extracted from the article]

GLO:65TF/01dec22:wea4331-fig-0002.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 2 (a) Emission pathways and (b) temperature outcomes for scenarios with 2030 emissions less than 2030 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) (grey) and equal or greater than the assessed NDCs (red) for FaIR simulations. gl Pathways with higher 2030 emissions tend to require more rapid emission cuts post 2030 than those in scenarios with early emission reductions, and on average require net negative emissions to be achieved earlier in the century. Scenarios with 2030 emissions less than the 2030 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are highlighted using filled triangles and those that are equal to or greater than the assessed NDCs are shown by plus signs. gl Discussion The analyses presented here consider year 2030 emission pledges in the context of available global emission pathways from the SR15 database. One of the COP26 aims was to keep 1.5°C within reach by asking countries to come forward with ambitious year 2030 emission reductions targets to further pursue the necessary action to meet the Paris climate targets. The COP26 emission pledges are approximately in the middle of the range of 2030 emissions considered in the SR15 database and are lower than the pre COP26 Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) for 2030 from IEA (53 GtCO SB 2 sb e, IEA, [16]). [Extracted from the article]

The advocacy for writing in science and STEM‐related fields through reasoning‐based writing, critical thinking and argumentation has been accentuated as a core competence in curriculum documents. In South Africa, the CAPS document for Physical Sciences acknowledged the importance of writing and consequently, call on teachers to engage in teaching language across the curriculum. This study examined the characteristics of writing prompts in three selected samples of textbooks to understand how writing is addressed in the Physical Sciences textbooks. Specifically, the study examined the frequency and characteristics of writing prompts included in the chemistry component of three selected Physical Sciences textbooks for Grade 12 learners. A total of 533 writing prompts were identified and analyzed using a coding scheme adopted for the study. Findings revealed that learners are prompted to write in variety of ways, with prompts that positioned them to explain why, discuss your ideas, explain how and explain what. While the prompts that ask learners to explain why and discuss your ideas were the most frequently coded, the press to write their reasoning with specific features that are inherent in the respective topics were inadequate. The implications for curriculum developers are the need for explicit instructions on the length of writings required, and for authors to develop adaptable guidelines to enable textbook users understand the writing expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: sea-level rise; climate change; ice sheet; Greenland; Antartica EN sea-level rise climate change ice sheet Greenland Antartica 1 4 4 12/29/22 20221201 NES 221201 The Iselin Marine Facility overlooks Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole Passage, and Great Harbor in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Ice sheet and climate processes driving uncertainty in projections of future sea level rise: Findings from a structured expert judgment approach. Grinsted et al. ([11]) build on previous efforts by considering the most recent generation of climate, ice-sheet, and glacier models, and by quantifying sensitivities of individual contributors to global sea level rise, including the ice sheets. Sea-level rise, climate change, ice sheet, Greenland, Antartica. [Extracted from the article]

The water‐energy‐food (WEF) nexus is a prominent approach for addressing today's sustainable development challenges. In our critical appraisal of the WEF, covering different approaches, drivers, enablers, and applications, we emphasize the situation across the Global South (Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean). Here, WEF research covers at least 23 focal domains. We find that the nexus is still a maturing paradigm primarily rooted in a physical and natural sciences framing, which is itself embedded in a neoliberal securities narrative. While providing insights and tools to address the systemic interdependencies between resource sectors whose exploitation, degradation, and sub‐optimal management contribute to (un)sustainable development, there is still insufficient engagement with social, political, and economic dimensions. Progress related to climate, urbanization, and resource consumption is encouraging, but while governance and finance are central enablers of current and future nexus systems, gaps remain in relation to implementation and operationalization. Harnessing the nexus for sustainable development across the Global South means recognizing that it is more than a biophysical system, but also a multi‐scale complex of people, institutions, and infrastructure, affected by history and context. Addressing this complexity requires alternative and possibly challenging perspectives to counter dominant narratives, and manage problems associated with policy integration, trade‐offs, and winners and losers. We outline 10 emergent research areas that we think can contribute to this endeavor and enable the nexus to be a stronger policy force. Plain Language Summary: The sustainability of water, energy, and food systems, especially in the Global South, is one of the grand challenges of the 21st century. The water‐energy‐food (WEF) nexus provides a framework and an approach to help address these multifaceted issues. Although the WEF paradigm has evolved, experiencing rapid policy uptake, with encouraging applications in understanding climate change, urbanization, and resource consumption impacts, it is yet to achieve its full potential. Unfulfilled promise is evident in the failure to fully harness "nexus thinking" to enhance the implementation of WEF‐based policies and governance of WEF systems. Simultaneously, research on WEF systems remains largely the preserve of the natural and physical sciences, with much less critical attention received from the social and political sciences. Ensuring the WEF paradigm achieves policy and research salience and improved implementation across the Global South, to effectively contribute to sustainable development, means rectifying such imbalances. This will require expanding beyond some of the innovative WEF research already undertaken, emphasizing interdisciplinarity, plural methods, and a focus on communities in the dynamics of nexus systems. We identify 10 emergent priority areas that can contribute to this endeavor and enhance the capacity of the nexus to positively influence policy change for sustainability. Key Points: The water‐energy‐food "nexus" is increasingly used to frame and examine sustainable development challenges in the Global SouthNexus research spans 23 focal domains of activity, with relations between theory and practice improving but still disjointedChallenging current narratives, improving equitability and the salience of nexus theory and practice are key to future utility [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many methods have been developed for estimating the parameters of biexponential decay signals, which arise throughout magnetic resonance relaxometry (MRR) and the physical sciences. This is an intrinsically ill‐posed problem so that estimates can depend strongly on noise and underlying parameter values. Regularization has proven to be a remarkably efficient procedure for providing more reliable solutions to ill‐posed problems, while, more recently, neural networks have been used for parameter estimation. We re‐address the problem of parameter estimation in biexponential models by introducing a novel form of neural network regularization which we call input layer regularization (ILR). Here, inputs to the neural network are composed of a biexponential decay signal augmented by signals constructed from parameters obtained from a regularized nonlinear least‐squares estimate of the two decay time constants. We find that ILR results in a reduction in the error of time constant estimates on the order of 15%–50% or more, depending on the metric used and signal‐to‐noise level, with greater improvement seen for the time constant of the more rapidly decaying component. ILR is compatible with existing regularization techniques and should be applicable to a wide range of parameter estimation problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equating the emissions of Annex 1 developed countries with those of the former Soviet bloc and China equates industrialization linked to the North's historical abrogation of other countries' sovereignty with industrialization meant to resist that abrogation, since the USSR and China took resource-intensive development paths in large measure because of defensive industrialization (Kontorovich, [57]; Kueh, [58]: 708). Sometimes implicitly, sometimes explicitly, these documents suggest modern capitalism has gone awry - prices are "wrong", finance is running rampant (see, for example, UNCTAD, [100]: 27) and democratic institutions and social movements need to re-tame capitalism so that it does not fatally undermine its natural-ecological substrate. It seems reasonable to interpret such irreconcilable contradictions as linked to the inherent impossibility of harnessing forces with fundamentally antagonistic agendas, for example Indigenous peoples fighting for treaty rights and for their unceded land or nations struggling for climate debt reparations against settler-colonial nations and those which benefited from enclosing atmospheric space - often the same states. Clearly, HDR 2020 is uninterested in the perspectives of Indigenous people who are critical of capitalism and colonialism, and therefore such "voices" are not represented in the Report. [Extracted from the article]

We explore how physical science doctoral students navigate their role identities throughout their graduate programme. Physical science doctoral students take on many academic roles in addition to the role of scientist, including researcher, educator, and student. When social expectations of roles become internalized, they become role identities. We examined doctoral students' academic role identities as a complex system to unpack factors that constrain the behavior and define the nature of doctoral students' academic role identities. This multiple case study used open‐ended reflective questions and narrative‐style interviews with eight physical science doctoral students to explore how physical science doctoral students navigate their role identities throughout their graduate programme and the factors that may influence these identities. Responses to the reflective questions and narrative interview transcripts were qualitatively coded and salient themes are drawn through cross‐case analysis. Themes were compared across data sources to further validate the findings. Participants ascribed the most value to researcher and student identities and the least value to an educator identity. Time spent in a role, institutional recognition, advisor relationships, community in graduate school, and interest were factors that participants perceived to influence their role identities, along with the gender identity of women. Implications highlight the ways in which institutions may be able to support doctoral students in graduate school, including increased support for time management, equitable opportunities for authentic research experiences, equitable support in advisor relationships, and the importance of intentionally fostering community within science departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IPCC's scientific assessment of the timing of net‐zero emissions and 2030 emission reduction targets consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C rests on large scenario databases. Updates to this assessment, such as between the IPCC's Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5) of warming and the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), are the result of intertwined, sometimes opaque, factors. Here we isolate one factor: the Earth System Model emulators used to estimate the global warming implications of scenarios. We show that warming projections using AR6‐calibrated emulators are consistent, to within around 0.1°C, with projections made by the emulators used in SR1.5. The consistency is due to two almost compensating changes: the increase in assessed historical warming between SR1.5 (based on AR5) and AR6, and a reduction in projected warming due to improved agreement between the emulators' response to emissions and the assessment to which it is calibrated. Plain Language Summary: The IPCC's latest physical science report, the Working Group 1 Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), was released in August 2021. That report includes an update to the tools used to project the climate outcome of emission scenarios. Here we apply these newly calibrated tools, called earth system model emulators, to the set of scenarios assessed in the IPCC's Special Report on warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5). We find that two compensating changes lead to a remarkable consistency (peak warming projections within 0.1°C) between the projections made by the emulators used in SR1.5 and their descendants used in AR6. First, updates to the historical warming assessment since the SR1.5 (which was based on the IPCC's 2013 physical science report (AR5)) increase future warming projections. However, improved consistency between the emulators and the assessment of the underlying physics, particularly the short‐term warming response to emissions, lowers warming projections by an approximately equivalent amount. Our work reinforces the key messages from the IPCC: limiting warming to around 1.5°C is a great and urgent challenge, and it is up to us to decide whether we pull out all the stops to hold temperatures around 1.5°C or whether we sail on by. Key Points: Emulators used in IPCC Special Report on warming of 1.5°C and Sixth Assessment Report are remarkably consistent, despite their entirely new calibrationsThe consistency is due to two compensating factors: change in assessed historical warming and improvements to emulator calibration methods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: bivalve; fisheries; nearshore; semi-quantitative; thermal stress EN bivalve fisheries nearshore semi-quantitative thermal stress 1 7 7 10/06/22 20221001 NES 221001 From 26 to 28 June 2021, an unprecedented atmospheric heatwave coincided with the lowest low tides of the year in the Pacific Northwest (i.e., the region consisting of the northwestern corner of the contiguous United States and southwestern Canada). Butter clams, which often burrow >15 cm deep in sediment and live at lower tidal elevations than other clam species (Dethier, 2006), were less affected by the heatwave than surface-dwelling cockles. Given that all of the bivalve species discussed here were likely reproductive during the heatwave (Anderson et al., 1982), it is possible that high mortality in certain species (e.g., cockles) may manifest itself in reduced adult populations in ~4 years. However, we did observe a range in butter clam condition among sites separated by ~30 km, indicating that local scale factors may also contribute to postheatwave clam condition. [Extracted from the article]

The digitized vector lines have no width so we utilized average ditch width from a field inventory where 2188 ditch channels were surveyed across Sweden. Should we follow the forest industry's recommendation to increase ditch-cleaning to maintain high forest biomass production, restore them by blocking the artificial channels, use alternative continuous cover forestry techniques to manage water tables, or leave ditches to develop freely? Water is the primary medium through which society will experience the effects of climate change. [Extracted from the article]

The present Table of Standard Atomic Weights (TSAW) of the elements is perhaps one of the most familiar data sets in science. Unlike most parameters in physical science whose values and uncertainties are evaluated using the "Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement" (GUM), the majority of standard atomic‐weight values and their uncertainties are consensus values, not GUM‐evaluated values. The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) regularly evaluates the literature for new isotopic‐abundance measurements that can lead to revised standard atomic‐weight values, Ar°(E) for element E. The Commission strives to provide utmost clarity in products it disseminates, namely the TSAW and the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements (TICE). In 2016, the Commission recognized that a guideline recommending the expression of uncertainty listed in parentheses following the standard atomic‐weight value, for example, Ar°(Se) = 78.971(8), did not agree with the GUM, which suggests that this parenthetic notation be reserved to express standard uncertainty, not the expanded uncertainty used in the TSAW and TICE. In 2017, to eliminate this noncompliance with the GUM, a new format was adopted in which the uncertainty value is specified by the "±" symbol, for example, Ar°(Se) = 78.971 ± 0.008. To clarify the definition of uncertainty, a new footnote has been added to the TSAW. This footnote emphasizes that an atomic‐weight uncertainty is a consensus (decisional) uncertainty. Not only has the Commission shielded users of the TSAW and TICE from unreliable measurements that appear in the literature as a result of unduly small uncertainties, but the aim of IUPAC has been fulfilled by which any scientist, taking any natural sample from commerce or research, can expect the sample atomic weight to lie within Ar°(E) ± its uncertainty almost all of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argumentation as a scientific practice has largely been examined along an epistemic and/or dialogic perspective in science education research. Both perspectives have sidelined the use of real material objects that are indispensable for scientists to construct arguments about the natural world. To address this gap, this article investigates how material objects are used to coordinate with our speech and actions to shape argumentation in secondary physical science. Drawing on actor‐network theory, the article reframes argumentation as a chain of human‐material interactions incorporating the role of physical things to construct evidence. Based on a collective case study comprising classroom video data generated from two grade nine science classrooms, the article examines how teachers and students used material objects to engage in argumentation related to qualitative analysis in chemistry and Newton's laws of motions in physics. The analysis reveals two major themes: (a) material inquiry as the framing of questions and statements about the behavior or property of the material world and (b) material transformation as the orchestration of material objects, embodied actions, and words to actively create evidence. This article concludes that both material inquiry and material transformation are essential prerequisites for scientific argumentation to take place, not only in research laboratories, but also in science classrooms. The contribution to the development of a future socio‐material theory of scientific argumentation, which takes material agency and multimodal discourse into account, are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on idea of converting electronic devices into useful products. Topics include designing electronics being more easily recycled into new forms or naturally degrade and receiving a grant from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); and conductors, semiconductors, insulators and the substrate housing all the components.

The article presents the discussion on world news briefs. Topics include group in the US opening the spigots for plants making more aromatic compounds allowing crops for converting more atmospheric carbon dioxide into high-value aromatic compounds; and using the principles of origami where researchers producing a wirelessly propelled mm-scale robot capable of swimming through bodily fluids.

The article titled "Featured RMS events" provides information about upcoming events related to microscopy. The EBSD 2024 meeting will be held in Glasgow, UK, and will focus on the applications of EBSD in various fields, including the biological sciences. The European Light Microscopy Initiative is organizing a meeting in Liverpool, which aims to promote communication between scientists and manufacturers in the field of light microscopy. The Light Microscopy Summer School in York offers a two-day course on the principles and practical aspects of light microscopy. Additionally, there is a confocal course and an electron microscopy summer school being held in York and Leeds, respectively, which provide training in specific microscopy techniques. [Extracted from the article]

I The i Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the enormously detailed quadrennial literature review of climate research that is the Panel's principal output, is at an advanced stage of preparation, with the final Synthesis Report scheduled to be issued in September 2022. B I From Working Group I (pp. 14-15) i b : Compared to 1850-1900, global surface temperature averaged over 2081-2100 is very likely to be higher by 1.0°C to 1.8°C under the very low GHG emissions scenario considered (SSP1-1.9), by 2.1°C to 3.5°C in the intermediate GHG emissions scenario (SSP2-4.5) and by 3.3°C to 5.7°C under the very high GHG emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). [Extracted from the article]

Legitimate For the information that is produced by conservation scientists to be used to promote biodiversity conservation, it must be considered legitimate, not only by researchers, but in the eyes of local communities, policymakers, and agents that create action. Thus, conservation scientists face great challenges in contributing practically, meaningfully, and ethically to the preservation of biodiversity, but it is equally evident that there are reasons to be optimistic. Keywords: community involvement in conservation; evaluation; knowledge to action pathway; university business model EN community involvement in conservation evaluation knowledge to action pathway university business model 530 535 6 05/10/22 20220501 NES 220501 INTRODUCTION Human actions have severely disrupted the earth's systems and impacted biodiversity. [Extracted from the article]

Gender disparities in retention in pathways to science continue to vary widely by course. Undergraduates intending to study prehealth and premedicine often represent a majority of students enrolled in introductory science courses, contribute to a large number of eventual science degree earners, and are a population that typically includes a high number of women. However, gender differences in attrition, grades, and attitudes persist in the introductory science courses required by undergraduate preheath and premedical programs, particularly within the physical sciences (i.e., Chemistry and Physics). We use structural equation modeling to study 416 undergraduate students across multiple sections of an Algebra‐based Physics course, a common course on the prehealth and premedical track where large gender differences in grades, retention and competency beliefs have been documented. Our analysis focuses on identifying potential academic and attitudinal sources for gender differences in students' beliefs about their Physics abilities at the end of the course, and retention to the second physics course, which is often influenced by these competency beliefs. Results suggest that while men's ability beliefs in Physics are relatively stable and largely derived from early performance indicators, this is a smaller source of ability beliefs for women. Instead, women's ability beliefs are mediated during the course through their sense of belonging in Physics, and the extent to which they believe that Physics ability is fixed or malleable. These findings can inform the design of interventions in Physics courses that specifically target the development of ability beliefs for women intending medical careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities have increasingly intensified the severity, frequency, and negative impacts of droughts in several regions across the world. This trend has led to broader scientific conceptualizations of drought risk that account for human actions and their interplays with natural systems. This review focuses on physical and engineering sciences to examine the way and extent to which these disciplines account for social processes in relation to the production and distribution of drought risk. We conclude that this research has significantly progressed in terms of recognizing the role of humans in reshaping drought risk and its socioenvironmental impacts. We note an increasing engagement with and contribution to understanding vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation patterns. Moreover, by advancing (socio)hydrological models, developing numerical indexes, and enhancing data processing, physical and engineering scientists have determined the extent of human influences in the propagation of drought hazard. However, these studies do not fully capture the complexities of anthropogenic transformations. Very often, they portray society as homogeneous, and decision‐making processes as apolitical, thereby concealing the power relations underlying the production of drought and the uneven distribution of its impacts. The resistance in engaging explicitly with politics and social power—despite their major role in producing anthropogenic drought—can be attributed to the strong influence of positivist epistemologies in engineering and physical sciences. We suggest that an active engagement with critical social sciences can further theorizations of drought risk by shedding light on the structural and historical systems of power that engender every socioenvironmental transformation. This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orthogonal relationship between theoretical/experiential and procedural knowledge about NTS (Figure 5a, Appendix C: Figure S1) also points to superficial NTS experiences, highlighting the difficulty engineering students have translating what they have heard and seen into procedures for differentiating NTS from other landscape features. Given the respective densities of NTS on and off campus (roughly 3.2 NTS per km on campus and 0.2 NTS per km off campus; Silvertooth et al., 2019), it seems unlikely that this result is due to students who are far from campus NTS still being proximal to off-campus NTS, although we cannot rule out this possibility. Student understanding of NTS might also have been limited by infrequent exposure to built NTS in course curricula: only 6% of student participants reported visiting NTS as part of a class and 1% for research (Appendix C: Table S1). Keywords: ecosystem services; green infrastructure; green stormwater infrastructure; landscape perception EN ecosystem services green infrastructure green stormwater infrastructure landscape perception 481 504 24 04/06/22 20220401 NES 220401 INTRODUCTION Urban communities face many challenges globally, including altered hydrology, which has cascading impacts on water quality and public/ecosystem health (Askarizadeh et al., 2015; Walsh et al., 2016). In the full survey where NTS signage was addressed, unsigned NTS were reported by participants significantly more often than signed NTS (29% vs. 11% of the time; I p i < 0.05), and more participants were able to recall the specific type of NTS they had seen when they reported having seen signed NTS (79% vs. 50%; marginally significant, I p i = 0.07). [Extracted from the article]

There is growing recognition that soil moisture plays a crucial role in regulating the response of tundra carbon cycling to climate warming. Overall, Zona et al. ([13]) show tundra carbon fluxes are sensitive to not only summer air temperatures but also soil moisture, underscoring that warming alone may not increase net carbon uptake if soil moisture limits vegetation productivity during summer. [Extracted from the article]

The versatility of advanced microscopy and spectroscopy is demonstrated by the wide range of applications that span across the Materials Science/Life Science boundary. It underpins the push for high-resolution correlative, three-dimensional and time resolved characterisation of organic and inorganic as well as composite materials that play key roles in the development e.g. of new drugs and medical treatments as well as environmentally friendly and energetically efficient alternatives to current material systems and the cultural heritage. This addresses some of the most urgent topics of our society such as sustainable health care and climate change and provides important contributions to the protection of cultural artifacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in simulated flood inundation areas and depths (6%-31% for different GCMs) in the future showed the importance of improving flood management tools for the sustainable development of urban water environments. The paper by Burch et al. (2010) addresses a different aspect of flood risk management in response to climate change and illustrates an advance in best practice for flood risk management and climate change planning. In terms of flood risk management, NBSs include natural flood management measures (NFMs), and these are the subject of the paper in this VSI by Dittrich et al. (2019). [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies to identify marginal snow environments (taking into account hemispheric differences in snow [Sanecki et al., 2006a]), like those that identify hotspots of snow cover change (e.g., Notarnicola, 2020), can guide where understanding the ecological value of snow is likely have the greatest benefit for informing conservation efforts. Keywords: climate change; phenology; snow manipulation; snow melt; subnivean; winter; bajo nieve; cambio climático; deshielo; fenología; invierno; manipulación de la nieve EN climate change phenology snow manipulation snow melt subnivean winter bajo nieve cambio climático deshielo fenología invierno manipulación de la nieve 1 13 13 03/02/22 20220201 NES 220201 Introduction Seasonal snow, which covers the ground for weeks to months each year, is a feature of many temperate and mountain ecosystems. The predominance of studies on alpine (cold, deep snow cover) and maritime snow (warm, deep snow cover) does not correspond to the relative frequencies of these 2 snow types across the landscape; each are <10% of snow-covered land area in the northern hemisphere. First, predictions for the direction and magnitude of change in snow conditions over the coming decades vary regionally and by elevation; marginal snow environments-those where temperatures are already close to freezing-are likely to experience the first and greatest losses of snow and thus the most rapid loss of snow-associated habitat (Notarnicola, 2020; Steger et al., 2013). [Extracted from the article]

The control charts are essential tools in order to monitor the process quality as well as are used in numerous industries. The classical Shewhart S‐control chart is the most prevalent control chart in Statistical Process Control (SPC) for assessing changes in process over time. This paper modifies the S‐control chart by proposing SDDM‐control chart based on the SDDM (decile mean standard deviation), which presume that the quality function is monitored normally. The traditional and proposed control charts' performances under study are evaluated via a Monte‐Carlo simulation study by estimating expected widths (EW) as well as expected out‐of‐control points (EPO). In the simulation, the average out of control run length (ARL1) is considered the best method for analyzing sensitivity of the control charts. The outcomes of the simulation analysis revealed that the proposed SDDM‐control chart is well performed and very close contender of the classical S‐control chart insofar that the improvement in process variability is very similar to that of the S‐control chart. In addition, the architecture layout of the proposed SDDM‐control chart is more powerful than the conventional S‐control chart for the smaller sample size value (n) that is the most realistic situation in SPC applications. Hence the proposed chart is equally compatible for shift detection under normal process. In case of abnormal processes, the proposed SDDM‐control limits are less affected by the presence of outliers. A real‐life dataset is evaluated to help our observations from the simulation analysis for illustrative purposes. Consequently, the SDDM version of the S‐control chart is recommended to be used by the practitioners in various fields of industry, engineering, medical and physical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As well as winds that reached gale-force at times (with storm force mean speeds of 48kn or more, in the case of I Ciara i , in the middle of the English Channel), there was copious rainfall over long periods that brought floods that were widespread across England. In February 2020, a series of three storms affected the coasts of the English Channel over a period of just 8 days. The heaviest of the rainfall was associated with the marked cold front of Storm I Dennis i as it crossed the Channel Islands. Storm I Inès i was a smaller and less intense system, rather different from storms I Ciara i and I Dennis i . [Extracted from the article]

A meta-analysis of multiple published simulations of crop yields predicts aggregate production losses for wheat, rice ( I Oryza sativa i ), and maize in both temperate and tropical regions by 2 °C warming with even greater crop losses in the second half of the 21st century (Challinor et al., 2014). Global emissions of CO SB 2 sb and other greenhouse gases have increased steadily since the pre-industrial era (Pedersen et al., 2021) leading to global temperature increases of >1 °C with most of this increase occurring within the last 50 years (IPCC, 2021). Also focusing on drought and the different molecular mechanisms involved in drought tolerance and drought recovery, Tang and Bassham (2022) address the important process of autophagy and its role in inducing drought tolerance. In their review article, Berrío et al. (2022) discuss several strategies to enhance drought resilience in crops focusing on "growth-centered" and "drought resilience without growth penalty" strategies. [Extracted from the article]

We describe the development, design, implementation, and preliminary classroom results of an innovative curriculum, Focus on Energy, that supports learning about energy in Grades 4–5. The curriculum is grounded in the concepts of science as practice, model‐based reasoning, and learning progressions, and builds on students' pre‐existing ideas and resources. We illustrate how students gradually develop the ability to track energy forms, transfers, and transformations in increasingly complex scenarios. We present evidence, using a quasi‐experimental design, that students who completed the curriculum were significantly more adept at these skills than students in comparable classrooms who experienced their districts' existing energy‐related physical science curricula. Important features of the curriculum include: the careful selection of a limited set of concepts chosen to provide a sound foundation for future learning; a consistent conceptual framework (the Energy Tracking Lens) within which the students have agency to build and refine a model of energy; engaging hands‐on activities that steadily build in complexity; accessible and versatile semi‐quantitative representations that support reasoning and communication; individual, small‐group and large‐group meaning‐making; and training and support for the teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We will miss party Ed, creative Ed, kind Ed. The shock classification scheme for ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites developed by Ed with colleagues Dieter Stöffler and Klaus Keil is widely used in meteorite research (Scott et al., 1992; Stöffler et al., 1991). (Ed's first publication [Scott, 1971] reported his discovery of a new iron carbide, [Fe, Ni] SB 23 sb C SB 6 sb , in iron meteorites.) A. J. Timothy Jull 2 Ed's family: Anneliese Scott, Victoria Scott, and Rosemarie Scott References 1 Barber, D. J., and Scott, E. R. D. 2003. [Extracted from the article]

Transformative policy research in the energy and climate area should challenge conventional policy research through new kinds of thinking outlined in this perspective article. A climate system of compounding extremes precludes an assumption that overshoot can be repaired by belated but "serious" climate policy interventions. Rapid climate transformation requires transformative policy and science thinking - An editorial essay The recent publication of the Sixth Assessment Report on Climate Change (AR6) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (IPCC, 2021) reveals an increasingly difficult challenge: the nature and rate of change in the world's climate due to human activity is occurring at a pace faster than the best science and research is organized to report. [Extracted from the article]

GRAPH Erin Lindsey Walton Hauck passed away on September 21, 2022 at the age of 44 following a battle with cancer. Erin is survived by her husband, Tyler Hauck, sons Benjamin (11) and Erik (9), parents Elma and Malcolm Walton, and brother Christopher. Her research recognized and characterized shock veins in host-rock fragments from Steen River impactites, and elucidated shock vein mineralogy and metamorphic effects similar to those in shocked meteorites (Walton et al., [8]). [Extracted from the article]

We argue that Geography should be centre stage for understanding today's climate emergency. It warrants this position because as a field of study it uniquely straddles physical/environmental and human/social scholarships. In the wider academic world, bringing together scholars across this "cultural" divide has traditionally been difficult, and continues to be so in current responses to human‐induced climate change. Specifically, physical scholarship and science dominate at the expense of social scholarship and science. But it is now widely recognised we are living in a time of climate emergency and this simply will not do. Geography as a field of study that bridges these two forms of knowledge has the potential to become strategically relevant in this situation. The concept of risk that links environment and people from the Natural Hazards paradigm is identified as a way in which a holistic Geography can take an important lead in worldwide scholarly inputs into anthropogenic climate change understanding and consequent policy development. Geography as a field of study can provide a bridging link between physical science and social science contributions to understanding anthropogenic climate change. The paper discusses how and why this might come about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of fluorescence labeling techniques has attracted widespread interest in various fields, including biomedical science as it can facilitate high‐resolution imaging and the spatiotemporal understanding of various biological processes. We report a supramolecular fluorescence labeling strategy using luminescent metal‐phenolic networks (MPNs) constructed from metal ions, phenolic ligands, and common and commercially available dyes. The rapid labeling process (<5 min) produces ultrathin coatings (≈10 nm) on diverse particles (e.g. organic, inorganic, and biological entities) with customized luminescence (e.g. red, blue, multichromatic, and white light) simply through the selection of fluorophores. The fluorescent coatings are stable at pH values from 1 to 8 and in complex biological media owing to the dominant π interactions between the dyes and MPNs. These coatings exhibit negligible cytotoxicity and their strong fluorescence is retained even when internalized into intracellular compartments. This strategy is expected to provide a versatile approach for fluorescence labeling with potential in diverse fields across the physical and life sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on study from the University of Georgia, the U.S., suggests a non-edible oilseed crop could generate jet fuels and reduce carbon emissions by 68% per litre. Topics include the project has funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture looked at its potential to grow in the South of the U.S., and the crush seeds from carinata and refine the oil to produce jet fuel and other commercially valuable products.

Among a high number of concepts taught in physical sciences, some of them are not formulated correctly in an adequate way, which allows that their comprehension by students can be ambiguous and lead to a false representation. The concept of spin in general and that of electronic spin are part of this topic. For this reason, the main aim of this paper is to clarify from students' life the effect of teaching the spin concept in its fuzzy way; this is included in the didactics of science in teaching quantum mechanics. Then, we will suggest how to behave vigilantly when we are responsible for teaching such concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modern day light microscope has evolved from a tool devoted to making primarily empirical observations to what is now a sophisticated , quantitative device that is an integral part of both physical and life science research. Nowadays, microscopes are found in nearly every experimental laboratory. However, despite their prevalent use in capturing and quantifying scientific phenomena, neither a thorough understanding of the principles underlying quantitative imaging techniques nor appropriate knowledge of how to calibrate, operate and maintain microscopes can be taken for granted. This is clearly demonstrated by the well‐documented and widespread difficulties that are routinely encountered in evaluating acquired data and reproducing scientific experiments. Indeed, studies have shown that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to repeat another scientist's experiments, while more than half have even failed to reproduce their own experiments. One factor behind the reproducibility crisis of experiments published in scientific journals is the frequent underreporting of imaging methods caused by a lack of awareness and/or a lack of knowledge of the applied technique. Whereas quality control procedures for some methods used in biomedical research, such as genomics (e.g. DNA sequencing, RNA‐seq) or cytometry, have been introduced (e.g. ENCODE), this issue has not been tackled for optical microscopy instrumentation and images. Although many calibration standards and protocols have been published, there is a lack of awareness and agreement on common standards and guidelines for quality assessment and reproducibility. In April 2020, the QUality Assessment and REProducibility for instruments and images in Light Microscopy (QUAREP‐LiMi) initiative was formed. This initiative comprises imaging scientists from academia and industry who share a common interest in achieving a better understanding of the performance and limitations of microscopes and improved quality control (QC) in light microscopy. The ultimate goal of the QUAREP‐LiMi initiative is to establish a set of common QC standards, guidelines, metadata models and tools, including detailed protocols, with the ultimate aim of improving reproducible advances in scientific research. This White Paper (1) summarizes the major obstacles identified in the field that motivated the launch of the QUAREP‐LiMi initiative; (2) identifies the urgent need to address these obstacles in a grassroots manner, through a community of stakeholders including, researchers, imaging scientists, bioimage analysts, bioimage informatics developers, corporate partners, funding agencies, standards organizations, scientific publishers and observers of such; (3) outlines the current actions of the QUAREP‐LiMi initiative and (4) proposes future steps that can be taken to improve the dissemination and acceptance of the proposed guidelines to manage QC. To summarize, the principal goal of the QUAREP‐LiMi initiative is to improve the overall quality and reproducibility of light microscope image data by introducing broadly accepted standard practices and accurately captured image data metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, research on beginning science teachers provides little guidance regarding empirical minimum levels of discipline‐specific science coursework for sufficient subject matter knowledge to teach science. Accordingly, in this study we analyzed secondary physical science teachers' science coursework for subject matter knowledge (SMK) and resulting misconceptions of chemistry and physics concepts. Findings were compared with state‐level science teacher certification policies. Participants had either: (a) completed a master's level teacher preparation program with an undergraduate degree in science, (b) completed an undergraduate teacher preparation program with a minor degree or more in science, or (c) were undergraduate students enrolled in science courses required for chemistry and physics teacher certification. We analyzed participants' transcripts for discipline‐specific science coursework credit hours and GPAs and identified possible predictors of SMK predictors of the likelihood of passing chemistry and physics misconceptions tests. We categorized teachers' level of SMK and used multiple variable and logistic regressions (n = 212 participants; n = 109 chemistry and n = 103 physics). To identify teacher candidates' possible misconceptions, we analyzed chemistry (n = 97) and physics (n = 91) participants' item responses with the corresponding science credit hours and GPAs. With increasing numbers of credit hours teachers held fewer misconceptions. However, even with medium to high SMK levels, teachers still held misconceptions about chemical bonding, electromagnetism, and Newton's laws until they reached critical credit hour and GPA thresholds. Lastly, we provide recommendations for physical science teachers' programs of study and state‐level teaching certification policies, using empirical minimum quantity and quality of chemistry, physics, and mathematics coursework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China may I increase i CO SB 2 sb emissions by changing to electrified vehicles, because much of China's electricity comes from combustion of coal. A hybrid vehicle like the Prius, with an internal combustion engine generating electricity in the vehicle to power the electric motors, can have a significantly better fuel economy than most vehicles now in use. A transition is underway worldwide from the internal combustion engine to electric motors as the power source for transportation vehicles. The reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from a transition to mostly electric vehicles will require expanding electric generation and transmission. [Extracted from the article]

"Dick" Jones, who passed away on the 23rd of December 2021. This meant that every year he globe-trotted to all four corners, and found himself in rooms with the leading polymer scientists of the day debating the meaning and sense of polymer science vernacular. A little-known fact is that while Prof. Bob Stepto coined the now-widely accepted term dispersity to indicate polymer distributions, Dick came up with the idea to use the symbol d-bar ( I D i ). [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: catalysis; collaborative science; climate change; environmental chemistry; carbon dioxide capture EN catalysis collaborative science climate change environmental chemistry carbon dioxide capture 1 3 3 08/09/22 20220805 NES 220805 B "YEuCat Better Together was the first collaborative event organized by the Young European Catalysis Network with the goal of joining young minds to propose an innovative catalytic solution to a global problem." b This and more about YEuCat Better Together can be found in this Guest Editorial. Catalysis, climate change, environmental chemistry, collaborative science, carbon dioxide capture CO SB 2 sb scrubbing is a more mature technology, already implemented for flue gas emissions at power plants.[13] After removing the pollutants, the remaining CO SB 2 sb could be stored aboard using compression or liquefaction. The problems identified were (i) CO SB 2 sb emissions by transportation, (ii) the use of non-biodegradable plastic, (iii) N SB 2 sb O greenhouse gas and (iv) CO SB 2 sb emissions by concrete production. [Extracted from the article]