Search

Throughout history the legislative framework for the treatment of the mentally ill has reflected societies’ attitudes, and the proposals in the United Kingdom (UK) govern-ment's White Paper ‘Reforming the Mental Health Act’ are no exception. This paper examines some of the fundamental ethical issues invoked by the proposals, particularly the concept of paternalism and use of risk assessment in determining ‘best interests’. The issue of power in relation to the mentally ill is also examined, alongside the impact of the change on nurses’ ethical decision making. As will be seen, the proposed Act will require high standards of professional practice to ensure the ethical application of care, particularly in the case of individuals diagnosed as suffering from ‘dangerous and severe personality disorders’. Nurses need to ensure that the interventions used are of the highest quality and are indeed in the patient's ‘best interests’. If they are not, then again nurses need to be very clear as to why the profession should be involved at all. Nurses should demonstrate vigilance and high professional standards to ensure they are maintaining rigorous safeguards to promote the public interest. Although relating specifically to UK legislation the underlying ethical dilemmas posed by this proposed legislation are relevant to all mental health nurses, as they challenge fundamental assumptions regarding the role of nurses in supporting mental health legislation that may have a social, rather than therapeutic, function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context The White Paper, The New NHS: Modern, Dependable, once again heralds change and new expectations of primary care in the UK. Objectives This discussion paper aims to encourage reflection on the implications for primary care teams of current governmental strategy, and to address the pivotal role which education can play in equipping practitioners for their roles. Key areas The paper examines the opportunities and threats for primary care in the new NHS developments, the strengths and weaknesses of the role that education currently plays in primary care, and how recent innovations might be used to give a more holistic approach to the needs of practitioners. The challenges for clinical governance of lay engagement and ethical decision making are seen as two crucial outcomes for an educational strategy which must be practice-led, and must interface individual practitioner education with the needs of the team and the community as a whole. I draw on a range of policy documents and educational literature to alert the reader to the different choices which can be made when thinking about appropriate educational models and methods; and offer a detailed structure for a practical educational strategy that may effectively unite theory and practice. The key elements are a three-tier link between practices, primary care groups, and district-level resources for all educational and training activity, and the aim of continuing multiprofessional development which will underpin the new NHS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a manuscript entitled "An Impartial Account of What Pass'd Most Remarkable in the Last Session of Parliament, Relating to the Case of Dr Henry Sacheverell: Done on Such Another Paper and Letter, and May Therefore be Bound Up With the Tryal of the Said Doctor," which claimed to be published by bookseller Jacob Tonson but was the work of newspaper editor Abel Roper and trade publisher John Morphew. It covers the 1710 impeachment trial of English clergyman Henry Sacheverell.

Background: Liver disease is a growing health concern and a major cause of death. It causes multiple symptoms, including financial, psychological and social issues. To address these challenges, palliative care can support people alongside active treatment, and towards the end of life, but little is known about the care experiences of individuals with liver disease in the United Kingdom. This review aimed to explore the palliative and end‐of‐life care experiences of people with liver disease in the United Kingdom. Method: A systematic review was conducted using a five‐stage process and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. Searches were across Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and grey literature until 10 May 2023. The review was registered through International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). NVivo 12.5 was used to facilitate data analysis (systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022382649). Results: Of 6035 papers (excluding duplicates) found from searches, five met the inclusion criteria of primary research related to adults with liver disease receiving palliative and/or end‐of‐life care in the United Kingdom, published in English. Reflexive thematic analysis of the data was conducted. The themes identified were the experiences of people with liver disease of relating to healthcare professionals, using services, receiving support, and experiences of information and communication. These were connected by an overarching concept of disempowerment versus empowerment, with the notion of person‐centred care as an important feature. Conclusion: This review has found variations in the care experiences of people with advanced liver disease towards the end of life and an overall lack of access to specialist palliative care services. Where services are designed to be person‐centred, experiences are more empowering. Further research is needed but with recognition that it is often unclear when care for people with liver disease is palliative or end‐of‐life. Patient and Public Contribution: An online public involvement workshop was held on 18 April 2023 through Voice (2023). This included four people with liver disease and four carers to discuss the review findings and to design a qualitative research study to further explore the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) offers possibilities of creating a learner‐centric environment that can provide more presence and engagement for students leading to an enhanced learning experience compared to conventional classroom practices. However, the potential of IVR in vocational education and training (VET) has not yet been explored in‐depth, and it is an open question of whether it can effectively support learner creation in a designing task. In this paper, we present an IVR application developed to support gardener apprentices in designing gardens. Using this application, we conducted an experimental study with gardener apprentices to investigate the effect of the IVR interface compared to paper sketching and learner behavior on the proportion, composition, and creativity of the design outcome. Additionally, we investigated how it can be combined with a paper sketching activity to improve its effectiveness. Our analysis shows that the IVR interface can be more effective for the proportion aspect, but this may be limited to students that are able to use it after working with paper. In terms of the combination order, the effectiveness of IVR on the design quality was improved when it was carried out after the paper sketching and this ordering produced a more effective outcome for the proportion and composition aspects. Finally, our results show that IVR design quality is related to learner behaviors such as the time spent on designing and the number of simulations used. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of IVR applications in supporting designing skills and how effectiveness can be improved by combining it with a conventional method of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discursive analysis of Great Britain's Conservative Party 2011 Green Paper "One World Conservatism: A Conservative agenda for international development." It offers a comparison of the conception of development in that paper with the 1997 Labour Party White Paper which launched the development of the Department for International Development (DFID). The discourse used to describe Britain's role in promoting global development and reducing poverty is examined.

This article builds upon the recent historiography of the First World War to illuminate three aspects of the war. As a case study, it uses the papers of Major Reggie Chenevix Trench, a young territorial officer who first trained men for leadership on the western front and then served there himself from February 1917 until he was killed the following March. It contends that the springs of patriotism lay in a Victorian notion of manhood, which was developed in the writings notably of Rudyard Kipling and others. Young men were able to see the war as a Great Adventure. The relationship between paternalism and deference, it is argued, is the key to understanding how the British war effort was managed. Comradeship, achieved through shared suffering, defined men as heroes through their willingness to endure. The article ends with an exploration of how a surviving collection of condolence letters, written on the death of Major Reggie Chenevix Trench, indicates the universal use of a language of heroism and sacrifice, which enabled loved ones, in their grief, to cling to a set of patriotic certainties that were rooted in the Victorian past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with selected papers presented at the 2004 annual e-Science All Hands Meeting in Great Britain. It is said that most papers report on how middleware is used to support a particular application. "Developing LHCb Grid software: experiences and advances," by Stokes-Rees and colleagues described DIRAC, a lightweight agent/service-based approach intended for production processing of data. Another paper served as an example in which middleware solution is applied to Earth system modeling.

In this paper I critically explore the ideological underpinnings of pedagogical and political practices in UK Higher Education (HE). I first map out the political and pedagogical features of community psychology and then describe the Millennium Volunteers project at the University of Northumbria—a scheme that integrates voluntary placements into undergraduate degree programmes, reflecting on the political and pedagogical premises upon which it is based. I consider the political context and recent social policy trends in UK HE. Through exploring the ideological underbellies of community psychology and Millennium Volunteers I describe the tensions created once both are situated within a HE student's learning and a lecturer's teaching portfolio. I reflect on how each appears to share similar wish lists but conclude that a surface comparison of the pedagogical practices of each can leave unrecognized serious ideological, ethical and political differences that can cause disruption at the interfaces of staff, students and HE institutions. I recommend making the political and ideological assumptions behind pedagogical practices and education policy initiatives more transparent to both students and lecturers alike and outline the reasons for doing so. I conclude by reflecting on implications for the widening access agenda in the present political climate from the standpoint of a community psychologist. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looks at the White Paper on Fairness at Work report, a package of legislative proposals aimed at extending employee and trade union rights in Great Britain. Objective of the White Paper; Proposal of the White Paper on individual worker rights; Reference to chapter four of the White Paper on trade unions; Assessment of the impact of the White Paper on employment security.

The article explores the poster "Life at Home After Intensive Care: The Family Caregiver Experience," by Sarah Holling of University of Surrey, which described a literature review that examined the carer experience supporting a patient after discharge from an intensive care unit.

Presents the perspective of the Independent Group on British Aid (IGBA) 1997 White Paper on International Development. Measures for which the IGBA has been campaigning since the publication of "Real Aid: A Strategy for Britain," in 1982; Significance of the White Paper; Advice from the group regarding the White Paper on International Development.

The 1944 Wartime Coalition White Paper, "A National Health Service" is unlikely to be celebrated among the spate of golden anniversaries of welfare reforms in the 1990s. However, a study of this document may be of interest for two main reasons. First, it has some parallels with the reformed National Health Service of the 1990s and, second, there have been recent calls for a local government-based health service, as was envisaged in 1944. The White Paper is examined in the context of evolving plans for the NHS, and is compared with the actual shape of the NHS as introduced by the Labour Minister of Health, Aneurin Bevan, in 1948. Four themes are drawn out. First, the White Paper should not be seen as the embodiment of a political consensus. Second, a Conservative Health Service would have differed from the NHS in fundamental aspects. Third, the conceptual advantages of a local government-based health service were outweighed by practical politics. Fourth, although the Labour Party made a difference to the shape of the NHS, that shape did not simply follow from party policy. This implies that medical pressure was successful, to some extent, in defining the limits of the new service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the debate surrounding welfare reform in Great Britain, highlighting Great Britain's Green Paper on welfare reform. Argues that the Green Paper draws upon three different formulations of the role and purpose of welfare; Identification of the three different formulations; Reference to a declaration made by Great Britain's Prime Minister Tony Blair, at a conference in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

This paper summarises and discusses some of the aspects of the Public Health White Paper, Healthy Lives, Healthy People, published for consultation at the end of 2010, and the framework of the Public Health Responsibility Deal, published in March 2011 by the UK government. Healthy Lives, Healthy People emphasises that a one-size-fits-all approach to public health improvement has been shown not to work as challenges vary from one neighbourhood to the next, and a new approach that empowers individuals to make healthy choices and gives communities the tools to address their own needs is required. It highlights the government's intention to shift power and decision making on public health matters to local authorities, with ring fenced budgets. A feature of the document that has proved controversial is the proposal to work collaboratively with business and the voluntary sector to deliver the government's ambition, through the Public Health Responsibility Deal, launched on 15 March, which comprises a series of 5 networks on food, alcohol, physical activity, health at work, and behaviour change, and the associated pledges. The initial pledges for the food network focus on salt and trans fatty acid reduction, and out-of-home calorie labelling of foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper involves an examination of skilled manual work in the modern paper industry. The data were collected at five mills in three countries -- the UK, Australia and the USA. The questions were formulated in order to probe four theories of skilled work. The results suggest that the distinction between skilled and nonskilled work is a fundamental feature of occupational differentiation in all five plants. They also reveal that there are intra-skilled conflicts over relative pay and demarcation lines and that these are affected by the wider socio-political environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to understand the process by which biodiversity performance indicators can be developed. In doing so, this paper examines how biodiversity performance measurements are inherently imperfect and reflects on the implications of that imperfectness. Using document analysis and semi‐structured interviews, this research outlines the case of the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and their work in developing biodiversity indicators. Based on the concept of imperfect measurements, this paper outlines the conditions under which imperfect biodiversity indicators can be productive measurements leading to fertile debate and constant improvements, rather than flawed measurements that actors 'make do' with. This paper concludes the biodiversity indicators construction process requires a collaboration between a broad set of diverse organisations, including NGOs and research centres. Lastly, this paper outlines the need for ongoing and rigorous review of adopted measurements to reduce the potentially harmful nature of imperfect biodiversity performance measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous geomagnetic records of the strength and direction of the Earth's field at the surface extend back to the 1840s. Over the past two centuries, eight observatories have existed in the United Kingdom, which measured the daily field variations using light-sensitive photographic paper to produce analogue magnetograms. Around 350,000 magnetograms have been digitally photographed at high resolution. However, converting the traces to digital values is difficult and time consuming as the magnetograms can have over-lapping lines, low quality recordings and obscure metadata for conversion to SI units. We discuss our approach to digitizing the traces from large geomagnetic storms and highlight some of the issues to be aware of when capturing magnetic information from analogue measurements. These include cross-checking the final digitized values with the recorded hourly mean values from observatory year books and comparing several observatory records for the same storm to catch errors such as sign inversions or incorrect 'wrap-around' of data on the paper records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the research conducted by the author which analyzes articles and research findings published in the 2001 and 2002 issues of the periodical "Journal of Clinical Nursing." Revelation that Great Britain was the highest contributor to the periodical; Information that not a single paper was published from the U.S.; Methodology adopted by the researcher; Details of three broad categories under which research papers by the journal are published.

Background: There has been a steady growth in recent years in British higherdegree training in speech and language therapy. But what is the standing of UK research in the subject and its component areas which should underpin and inform such training? How can such research be evaluated? Aims: The intention was to compare UK publications relevant to speech and language therapy with those of other countries, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We sought then to examine the UK papers in more detail to analyse their sources of funding, their geographical distribution and the ways in which they could appropriately be evaluated. Methods & Procedures: Papers were selectively retrieved from the Science Citation Index and the Social Sciences Citation Index for 1991-2000 by means of a filter based on journal names and paper title words. They were subsequently checked to remove many false positives. The papers were classified into one of seven subject areas and by their research level (from clinical to basic). Their importance was estimated through their potential impact on other researchers, as determined by the citation score of their journals, by the numbers of citations they actually received and by the subjective esteem in which the various journals were held by UK speech and language researchers. Outcomes & Results: World output of speech and language therapy papers has averaged 1000 papers per year during the 1990s, and has grown by half over the period. UK output has been about 12% of the total, compared with 10% in biomedicine, and is published in high impact journals relative to the norm for the field, which is quite a low rate compared with biomedicine overall. Almost half the UK papers had no funding acknowledgements, with the privatenon-profit and industrial sectors playing less of a role than in other biomedical areas. Papers in seven subject areas showed substantial differences in their performance on the four criteria selected. Conclusions: The... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Following content analyses of the first 30 years of the UK speech and language therapy professional body's journal, this study was conducted to survey the published work of the speech (and language) therapy profession over the last 50 years and trace key changes and themes. Aim To understand better the development of the UK speech and language therapy profession over the last 50 years. Methods & Procedures All volumes of the professional journal of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists published between 1966 and 2015 ( British Journal of Communication Disorders, European Journal of Communication Disorders and International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders) were examined using content analysis. The content was compared with that of the same journal as it appeared from 1935 to 1965. Outcomes & Results The journal has shown a trend towards more multi-authored and international papers, and a formalization of research methodologies. The volume of papers has increased considerably. Topic areas have expanded, but retain many of the areas of study found in earlier issues of the journal. Conclusions & Implications The journal and its articles reflect the growing complexity of conditions being researched by speech and language therapists and their professional colleagues and give an indication of the developing evidence base for intervention and the diverse routes which speech and language therapy practice has taken over the last 50 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on medical topics which include the case of unilateral tinnitis following dural puncture, acute postoperative pulmonary oedema induced by licorice root and total airway obstruction under general anaesthesia caused by avagal nerve stimulator.

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, communities across England used country bankers' notes almost as much as they used coins and Bank of England notes. Accounting for the relative success of these alternative currencies is challenging, however, due to the frequency of financial crisis during the period. If, during a crisis, all note holders attempted to enforce the promise to pay in gold coin against the issuing banker, the 'law-finance paradox' would leave some note holders with gold coin, but would leave many more with merely 'country rags' or worthless pieces of paper. Building on both the credit approach to money and the relational approach to contract, this article shows note-using communities successfully responding to financial crisis. They frequently did so by formalizing the bonds of reciprocity and trust tying the community to its note-issuing banker - bonds sometimes made all the stronger by legal enforceability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the provisions of the British government's report regarding government information entitled `White Paper.' Proposal for the accessibility of governmental information to public scrutiny; Support for transparency in international relations; Report's ambiguity on exemptions; Possible amendment of the Data Protection Act.

Examines the British government's plans and visions on pensions and social security. Implications of the issuance of Green Paper on pensions; Support for a funding mechanism which shares responsibility between the government and the individual; Recommendations for redistribution of incomes.

This article's point of entry is Plate 3 of William Hogarth's print sequence The Harlot's Progress (1732), specifically Hogarth's deliberate, hostile choice of an unframed, titled, small portrait engraving of the Reverend Dr Henry Sacheverell as a 'pin-up' within the harlot's bedroom furniture. The article reappraises and recontextualises Hogarth's choice of Sacheverell, which makes sense in the context of Hogarth's life and work, but which, with Hogarthian irony, is further informed by the subsequent discovery (1747) of Sacheverell's internment alongside a notorious prostitute, given the association of Sacheverell's celebrity and notoriety with his alleged support from London's 'kind shees' and streetwalkers at the time of his trial. This, together with a strong, nascent material consumerist culture, sees Sacheverell anticipating the 'politics out of doors' associated with John Wilkes by 50 years and is a specifically gendered version that has gone largely unexplored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on medical topics including anaesthesia for acute abdomen in children by M. Ajmal, abdominal wall haematoma by F. J. Gerges and M. S. Shulman, and skill acquisition by anaesthetic trainees in practical procedures by S. E. Smith and V. R. Tallentire.

The article reprints the correspondence of Edward Harley, Earl of Oxford (1699-1755), who served in both houses of Great Britain's Parliament. The letters include one from Martin Benson (later Bishop of Gloucester) dated April 4, 1717 regarding the treason trial of Harley's uncle Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford; one from Edward Prideaux Gwyn (later Member of Parliament for Wells) dated December 23, 1718 regarding political debates over the Schism Act; and one to his wife Martha Harley dated May 29, 1741 about political campaigning.

The article reprints the political correspondence of William Hay (1695-1755), Member of Parliament for the Seaford constituency, while he served in Great Britain's House of Commons from 1733 to 1753. The letters include several written to Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle, throughout the period on subjects including Hay's political campaigning among the freeholders of Sussex, England; the efforts of the Duke of Newcastle and Hay to maintain the political power of the Pelham family; and details of corrupt election practices used.

In this article the author discusses military policy in Great Britain. At issue is an examination of a British government report on military matters released during a period of continuing developments in national security. The author urges an expansion of Great Britain's strategic forces and considers aspects of deterrence and coercion in place of more traditional military actions. The article asserts that there is a need for a clear understanding of the motivation of Great Britain's potential adversaries.

Summary 1 Introduction 2 Worldwide production, processing and consumption 2.1 UK situation 3 Production, storage and processing 3.1 Production and processing 3.1.1 Harvesting and storage 3.1.2 Crushing and heating 3.1.3 Solvent extraction 3.1.4 Modifying the properties of oils and oil-based products 3.2 Storing oils in the home 4 Culinary oils, nutrition and health 4.1 Nutrient composition of oils and spreads 4.1.1 Fatty acid composition 4.1.2 Essential fatty acids 4.2 Fatty acids and their impact on health improvement and disease prevention 4.2.1 Recommendations on fat in the diet for cardiovascular health 4.2.2 Guideline daily amounts 4.2.3 Specific health effects of the n-3 polyunsaturates 4.2.4 The ratio of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturates in the diet 4.2.5 Fatty acids and cancer risk 4.3 Minor components of oils 4.3.1 Bioactive compounds 4.3.2 Vitamin E 4.3.3 Vitamin K 4.3.4 Phospholipids 4.4 A note about allergens 5 Contribution of culinary oils to nutrient intakes in the UK diet 6 The culinary oils 6.1 Rapeseed oil 6.1.1 Production and processing 6.1.2 Nutrient composition 6.1.3 Rapeseed oil and health 6.1.4 Food uses 6.2 Sunflower oil 6.2.1 Production and processing 6.2.2 Nutrient composition 6.2.3 Sunflower oil and health 6.2.4 Food uses 6.3 Soybean oil 6.3.1 Production and processing 6.3.2 Nutrient composition 6.3.3 Food uses 6.4 Palm oil and derivatives 6.4.1 Production and processing 6.4.2 Nutrient composition 6.4.3 Palm oil and health 6.4.4 Food uses 6.5 Olive oil 6.5.1 Production and processing 6.5.2 Nutrient composition 6.5.3 Olive oil and health 6.5.4 Food uses 6.6 Peanut oil 6.6.1 Production and processing 6.6.2 Nutrient composition 6.6.3 Peanut oil and health 6.6.4 Food uses 6.7 Sesame oil 6.7.1 Production and processing 6.7.2 Nutrient composition 6.7.3 Sesame oil and health 6.7.4 Food uses 6.8 Corn oil 6.8.1 Production and processing 6.8.2 Nutrient composition 6.8.3 Corn oil and health 6.8.4 Food uses 6.9 Flaxseed oil 6.9.1 Production and processing 6.9.2 Nutrient composition 6.9.3 Flaxseed oil and health 6.9.4 Food uses 6.10 Other less commonly used oils 6.10.1 Coconut oil 6.10.2 Walnut oil 6.11 Comparison of the culinary oils 7 Developments in culinary oils 7.1 Plant breeding and modifications to traditional oilseeds 7.2 Future developments in plant breeding 8 Culinary oils in a healthy, balanced diet Conclusions Acknowledgements References Vegetable oils are mainly produced from oilseeds ( e.g. rapeseed and sunflower seed) as well as from legumes ( e.g. peanut and soybean), nuts ( e.g. walnut and almond) and the flesh of some fruits ( e.g. olives). Vegetable oils are pressed from the plants and are then processed and refined to produce high-quality oils suitable for use as an ingredient in recipes, for frying, in salad dressings and in the production of margarines and spreads. There has been substantial growth in the oilseeds markets over the past 30 years.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the topics discussed at the annual conference of Catholic Theological Association (CTA) of Great Britain in September 2007 is presented. The conference talked about the association between Christianity and the other two major monotheistic religions. It also traced back the history of Christianity. Bible passages were also examined by attendees of the conference.

• Forewords • Timeline • Introduction • Section 1: The interaction between diet and public health ○ 1.1: Changing patterns of mortality in the UK ○ 1.2: Changing patterns of disease and links with diet • Section 2: The role of government ○ 2.1: Overview of government departments related to food and nutrition ○ 2.2: Recommendations for healthy diets ○ 2.3: Nutrition-related health policies • Section 3: Trends in dietary patterns and nutrient intake ○ 3.1: Measuring dietary patterns and nutrient intake ○ 3.2: Dietary patterns ○ 3.3: Nutrient intake • Section 4: Factors influencing food access and availability ○ 4.1: Government policies ○ 4.2: Advances and innovations of the food industry ○ 4.3: Consumer-led changes • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • References Throughout the 20th century, average life expectancy has been increasing. This is primarily a result of a change in disease patterns, as infectious diseases have declined, and chronic diseases have become the nation's main killers... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers for inspection the proposition that the adversarial evidence-based litigation process is unsuitable for resolving custody cases in general and relocation cases in particular. It analyzes the leading cases from New York, Massachusetts, California, England, Canada, and Australia. It reaches a conclusion that no jurisdiction has devised a legal standard or formula that enables a judge to predict the future best interest of a child if that child is allowed to relocate with one parent away from the other. For this reason, the court has a duty to offer as sophisticated and friendly a settlement process and atmosphere as possible. However, knowing that judges will still be required to resolve these difficult cases because they often seem impervious to settlement, the article offers thirty-six factors that a court should consider in all move-away cases. By relying on each of these factors that is relevant to the case, the parents will have an understanding of why the decision was made the way it was and it will also allow for effective appellate review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed family study was undertaken of patients notified to the UK Diamond Blackfan Anaemia (DBA) Registry. RPS19 mutations were detected in 16 of 104 families, including two patients with deletions detected by intragenic loss of heterozygosity of tightly linked polymorphisms. In two further cases, polymorphisms were used to determine the parental allele of origin of RPS19 point mutations. A review of clinical details of patients with mutations and patients in the literature having identical or equivalent mutations revealed evidence for a genotype:phenotype correlation with respect to the prevalence of physical anomalies, and the occurrence of mild or variable haematological severity. Nine of 60 patients had a known family history of DBA. Haematological abnormalities, including raised red cell adenosine deaminase activity, were found in first-degree relatives of 16 of 51 (31%) of patients not previously considered to have familial DBA. Results of both parents and any siblings were normal in only 35 of 60 (58%) of cases, who were therefore assumed to have sporadic de novo DBA. The classical inheritance pattern for DBA is autosomal dominant; however, 12 of 60 families (20%) had more than one affected child despite normal results in both parents. These results have important implications for genetic counselling, and for the selection of potential sibling bone marrow donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of its clinical governance programme the British Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BSBMT) undertook an analysis of transplant outcome for adults undergoing human leucocyte antigen – identical sibling allogeneic transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in first chronic phase (CP1) or autologous transplantation for Hodgkin's disease (HD). The study aimed to compare transplant-related mortality (TRM) and survival for patients reported to the BSBMT with patients transplanted in the rest of Europe, reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). The outcomes for 104 allogeneic transplants for CML in 24 UK/Irish centres were compared with 775 allografts in 145 other European centres. For HD, 241 autografts from 38 UK/Irish centres were compared with 1145 transplants in 239 other European centres. For both diseases, the cohorts were broadly matched with the exception of CML, where 85% of patients were transplanted <1 year from diagnosis in the UK/Ireland compared with 68% in the EBMT ( P = 0·001). Cox regression analysis was undertaken using known delineated variables affecting transplant outcome in addition to the registry of origin. The adjusted survival curves for CML showed no significant differences between the two groups, with 3-year survival probabilities of 70·2% and 67·1% for the EBMT and BSBMT cohorts respectively. Likewise, the analysis for HD showed overlapping survival curves, with 3-year survival probabilities of 71·8% (EBMT) and 70·8% (BSBMT). TRM was not statistically different in either disease. This study demonstrates the potential for using national registries to benchmark transplant outcome against the EBMT registry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the concept of urban politics and local governance in Great Britain. Representation of neoliberals and regulation theorists; Dominance of regulation theory-framed analyses of local governance; Extreme forms of policy design and intervention.

This section offers news briefs on politics and education in the United Kingdom as of September 1, 2022. It includes the results of the Northern Ireland Assembly elections held on May 5, 2022, the launch of consultation on the proposals for local area special education needs and disabilities provision reviews, and the announcement of a national discussion on education in Scotland.

As the revised Code of Practice is introduced, Jean Gross reminds us of some of the problems inherent in the model of individual-child planning which it retains. She suggests ways in which schools might - while still staying within the prescribed framework - reduce the burden of bureaucracy and develop systems which will more effectively target and deliver progress for children with special educational needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses initiatives which took British young people from ethnic minority and disenfranchised backgrounds to volunteer in sub‐Saharan Africa. It asks whether decolonial possibilities can be seen in the politics of youthful fun and friendship amid a practice undeniably driven by interpenetrating neocolonial logics, where enrolment in helping "needy" others is seen as a means to "improve" working‐class and racially marked youth. The paper argues that volunteers' investments in leisure constituted a politics of refusal towards how they were acted upon as objects of concern. More ambivalently, playful, friendly interactions between British and African youth disrupted relations of charitable pity and signalled desires for solidarity and equality, but cannot be claimed as fully decolonial. At times, fun also re‐entrenched neocolonial and other oppressive relations. Overall, the paper demonstrates that a close reading of the multivalent, affective politics of young people's fun and friendship can reveal much about the reproduction or subversion of contemporary neocolonial logics that operate both within and beyond the borders of postcolonial Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Over a decade ago, bibliometric analysis predicted the disappearance of UK publishing in anaesthesia by 2020. We repeated this analysis to assess if this had turned out to be the case, searching PubMed for papers associated with UK consultant anaesthetists for 2017–2019 across 15 journals. Although the rate of decline has flattened using the same search filter, including a wider range of publication types shows that outputs still remain at half 1990s levels (381 papers for all 3 years combined), authored by 769 anaesthetists, 274 of whom are associated with an academic centre. There are now 11 identifiable academic units, and a further 15 places where anaesthetists have affiliations with academic centres as individuals. The majority of papers (71%) are in secondary analysis (observational, database and association studies, surveys and meta‐analyses), rather than in primary research (clinical trials or laboratory studies). These data reflect the current academic capacity in terms of publications, academic units and staffing. We discuss how this information can be used to inform a new strategy for UK academic anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the Green Paper on the future of higher education in Great Britain by Sir Keith Joseph, the Secretary of State for Education and Science, in 1985. Challenge to the conservative complacency of universities; Analysis of the British government's policies on education; Implications on higher education.

An introduction is provided for a policy paper included in the issue on the topic of the British government's policy for special educational needs and disability (SEND), which is based on a seminar held on June 21, 2012 at Birkbeck College in London, England.

The article addresses the use of individual budgets (IB) and direct payments (DP) for children, young people and families in Great Britain. The article is vased on a seminar held at Regents College in Regents Park in January 2008. One of the objectives of the seminar was to determine the relevance of IB to education services for children with disabilities.

This article presents findings on students' views and experiences of tiering in Northern Ireland and Wales from a children's rights perspective. It considers the extent to which tiering fulfils the rights to education, best interests, non‐discrimination, and participation under the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It emphasises that while the majority of students were supportive of tiering, their responses highlighted a range of negative effects of tiering on students taking foundation tier. Students described the impact of being placed in the foundation tier on their self‐esteem and relationship with their peers, indicating that being allocated to foundation tier can have a labelling effect. Students who were taking foundation papers, or a mixture of foundation and higher‐tier papers, were more likely than those taking higher‐tier papers to report that they wanted to change tier and to raise issues overall regarding tiering. Furthermore, students who were faced with these difficult choices often had a poor understanding of several aspects of tiers. The article argues that alternative forms of differentiation should be considered, and presents students' perspectives on some of these. It argues that we must ensure that young people have a good understanding of tiering and that their views and experiences of tiering are taken into account when considering further reforms to GCSEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the history of psychology in Great Britain in the nineteenth century. British-authored undergraduate writings on the topic of psychology; Comparison of the history of psychology with medicine and psychiatry; Problems in the accessibility and storage of the resource materials on psychology; Developments in the history of psychology by mid-1980s; Fundamental problem with the field of history of psychology in Britain; Factors which affect the process behind institutional change and development of the history of psychology in Great Britain.

Presents the program and abstracts of articles presented during the 38th Annual Scientific Meeting in Great Britain. Measurement of the sensitivity of cervical screening by the British National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme; Underestimation of the effects of the cervical screening; Schedule of activities in the meeting.

Aims of the study. This paper uses the findings of a recent bibliometric analysis of published UK nursing research to ask whether the field is characterized by a fundamental split between two underlying areas of research interest. These can be termed 'endogenous' and 'exogenous'. The former term describes research which tends to be concerned with problems and issues to do with nursing as a profession; the latter is concerned with problems and issues centring around the nursing of patients.Design/methods. Papers in the Wellcome Trust's Research Outputs Database (ROD), a database of UK biomedical research, were analysed. Nursing papers published between 1988 and 1995 numbered 1845, just less than 1% of the total papers in the ROD.Results/findings. Analysis of the subfield identified that nursing research was atypical of biomedical research as a whole in a number of ways. One difference was that usually in biomedical research there is a general correlation between numbers of funders acknowledged on a paper, numbers of authors, and esteem of the journal in which a paper appears. In nursing there was, if anything, a tendency for highly esteemed papers to have fewer authors and be less likely to have acknowledged funding. However, the apparently endogenous and exogenous papers have quite different characteristics. This paper explores this apparent difference and possible reasons for this difference and will briefly compare nursing research with some other newly emerging social and academic groups.Conclusions. Thinking of nursing research outputs in this way can provide insight into the existence of different reward systems influencing nurse researchers. However, it is impossible to draw too confident a differentiation without reading each individual paper and making judgements about whether they are 'endogenous' or 'exogenous', a practice generally beyond the scope of bibliometric practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cites a study on the role of mite and pet allergens in the prevalence of allergic diseases in Great Britain. Identification of allergic diseases caused by airborne allergens that are found in British homes; Efforts of the researchers to define the threshold amounts of mite allergens and mites that will produce sensitization; Assessment on the efficacy and safety of methods of allergen eradication and avoidance; Recommendations about the use of anti-allergen products and their regulation.