2,964,587 results
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2. High‐strength, electrically insulated industrial meta‐aramid paper reinforced with polyethylene terephthalate microfibre pulp in a sandwich structure.
- Author
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Chen, Meijun, Yao, Songjun, Zhu, Guobin, Wu, Mengyun, Li, Zhiying, Xiong, Siwei, Yang, Shiwen, Wang, Hua, Zhu, Liangbo, and Wang, Luoxin
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- 2024
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3. Lead–lag effect of research between conference papers and journal papers in data mining.
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Huang, Yue and Tian, Runyu
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CONFERENCE papers , *DATA mining , *RESEARCH & development - Abstract
The examination of the lead–lag effect between different publication types, incorporating a temporal dimension, is very significant for assessing research. In this article, we introduce a novel framework to quantify the lead–lag effect between the research topics of conference papers and journal papers. We first identify research topics via the text‐embedding‐based topic modeling technique BERTopic, then extract the research topics of each time slice, construct and visualize the similarity matrix of topics to reveal the time‐lag direction and finally quantify the lead–lag effect by four proposed indicators, as well as by average influence topic similarity comparison maps. We conduct a detailed analysis of 19,166 bibliographic data for top conference papers and journal papers from 2015 to 2019 in the data mining field, calculate the similarity of topics obtained by BERTopic between each time slice divided by quarters. The results show that journal paper topics lag behind conference paper topics in the data mining field. The most significant lead–lag effect is 2.5 years, with approximately 33.45% of topics affected by this lag. The methodology presented here holds potential for broader application in the analysis of lead–lag effects across diverse research areas, offering valuable insights into the state of research development and informing policy decisions. This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Science and Technology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Sorting paper: The archival labour of digitising land records in Kenya.
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Datta, Ayona and Muthama, Dennis M.
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ELECTRONIC paper , *INFORMATION superhighway , *TRANSITION (Rhetoric) , *DIGITAL technology , *LAND reform - Abstract
Nairobi's land digitisation programme presents continuous challenges to the Kenyan state's aspirations of reforming land administration. By drawing upon insights from archival sciences and digital geographies, this paper argues that digitisation of Kenya's land administration records presents us with an opportunity to pay attention to how information flows from paper to digital systems, and the nature of human condition that makes it possible. Based on research of land digitisation initiatives in Nairobi and its peripheral counties, this paper explores first, how digitisation initiates a large‐scale state exercise of sorting paper in the land records departments that constitutes the archival apparatus of the state; and second, how the archival labour of state officials in this process is at the same time significant, invisible and devalued. Through interviews of state officials in county and state departments, we argue that the digitisation process is far more complex and messier than the rhetoric of seamless transition to automated land administration in Kenya. Digitisation involves a slow embodied labour in sorting paper by state officials who have little power in shaping the design of the platform that they are expected to use. The devaluation of the archival labour of state officials who are not professionally trained in 'archival practice' and are seemingly voiceless in the production of national land information platforms leads to subversion and non‐cooperation with the platform itself. The paper concludes that an expansive lens of seeing digital platforms through the tools and technologies of archiving practices enables us to understand why platforms fail, why and how paper increases value within digital systems and how archival labour is central to the politics of digitisation and platformisation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Characteristics and degradability of laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix composite materials.
- Author
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Zhang, Xiaolin, Chang, Xing, Xu, Long, Huang, Maocai, Zuo, Liyuan, Cao, Jing, Wu, Yali, Li, Xin, Yang, Menghao, Gao, Limin, and Bo, Xiangfeng
- Subjects
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WASTE paper , *LASER printing , *WOOD-pulp , *LACTIC acid , *RENEWABLE natural resources - Abstract
As is well known, Laser print paper is usually produced with high‐quality chemical wood pulp. The laser print waste paper fiber (LPWF) is a high‐quality secondary fiber, and the research and development of high‐value utilization technology for laser print waste paper has attracted much attention in the field of renewable resource recycling. In this study, LPWF was used to reinforce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites in the field, and the composites were modified with bioenzyme, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and nano‐silicon carbide (Nano‐SiC) to enhance the interfacial compatibility of LPWF/PLA composites. The study systematically investigated the effects of various modification methods on the characteristics and degradability of composites made from laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites treated with CPAM and Nano‐SiC were significantly improved, with tensile strengths of 54.3 and 59.5 MPa, and flexural strengths of 85.1 and 91.5 MPa, respectively, and the water absorption of the composites was reduced after the modification treatment, while the thermal stability was improved. The degradation performance of the composites in various water environments indicated that the inclusion of LPWF accelerated the water degradation rate of the composites, with the maximum degradation rate of the composite reaching 1.26% in 30 days. Highlights: Laser print waste paper is an excellent quality recyclable fiber resource.Four modifiers were used to modify LPWF/PLA composites.Characteristics and degradability of the composites were investigated.Significantly improved properties of CPAM and Nano‐SiC modified composites.The degradation rate of composites is increased by the addition of LPWF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent through combined aerobic and anaerobic suspended fixed‐bed bioreactor.
- Author
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Pant, Apourv, Dwivedi, Anuj Kumar, Murasingh, Surajit, Singh, Deepak, Mayank, Muskan, and Ojha, Chandra Shekhar Prasad
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ATOMIC force microscopy techniques , *PAPER industry , *CHEMICAL oxygen demand , *SUSTAINABILITY , *PAPER pulp , *ULTRAFILTRATION - Abstract
This study explored using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes to treat pulp and paper mill wastewater, implementing a novel Taguchi experimental design to optimize operating conditions for pollutant removal and minimal membrane fouling. Researchers examined four factors: pH, temperature, transmembrane pressure, and volume reduction factor (VRF), each at three levels. Optimal conditions (pH 10, 25°C, 6 bar, VRF 3) led to a 35% reduction in flux due to fouling and high pollutant rejections: total hardness (83%), sulfate (97%), spectral absorption coefficient (SAC254) (95%), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (89%). Conductivity had a lower rejection rate of 50%. Advanced imaging techniques like atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed reduced membrane fouling under these conditions. The Taguchi method effectively identified optimal conditions, significantly improving wastewater treatment efficiency and promoting environmental sustainability in the pulp and paper industry. Practitioner Points: This study optimized UF membrane conditions for pulp and paper mill wastewater, reducing fouling and enhancing pollutant removal, offering practical strategies for industrial treatment.AFM and SEM provided key insights into membrane fouling and mitigation, promoting real‐time diagnosis and optimization for enhanced treatment efficiency.Prioritizing anaerobic fixed‐bed systems in wastewater treatment is beneficial for achieving high COD removal efficiency. Optimizing hydraulic retention time (HRT) in these systems can further improve their overall effectiveness and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Recyclability of Paper‐Based Composites for Packaging Applications – The Role of Evaluation Methods.
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Kochersperger, Summer and Schabel, Samuel
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WASTE recycling , *PAPER recycling , *EVALUATION methodology , *SUSTAINABLE development , *RECYCLED paper - Abstract
Composites are pivotal in Europe's evolving packaging sector, which is undergoing changes due to circular and bioeconomy initiatives, which prioritize eco‐friendly packaging. Despite paper's high recycling rates, dynamic markets challenge recycling and circularity. Innovative paper‐based composites demand flexible recyclability assessments, which impacts product development. Recyclability methods are evolving as they struggle to match the dynamic changes occurring in the packaging sector. This article outlines paper recycling and compares global lab recyclability evaluation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. High‐efficiency modification of PET by the low addition of a self‐assembled functional nanocellulose film prepared from waste paper.
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Lei, Wanqing, Hou, Jingyu, Fang, Changqing, Qin, Jianqin, Zhou, Xing, and Li, Lu
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PAPER recycling , *WASTE paper , *WASTE recycling , *POLYETHYLENE terephthalate , *PACKAGING waste , *PACKAGING recycling - Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a conventional packaging material. Its modification has attracted immense attention in the industry and academia. Here, office waste paper, white cardboard waste, and waste corrugated paper were first employed as raw materials for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) extraction by acid hydrolysis. Thereafter, CNC/PET composite films with various CNC additions were prepared via a self‐assembly technique. The results revealed that the CNCs formed a self‐assembled film on the PET surface via the synergistic effect of the complex interactions among the CNCs as well as between the CNCs and PET. Moreover, the CNCs improved the barrier property of PET and decreased the oxygen and water vapor transmittances of CNC/PET by 30.7% and 21.7%, respectively. Additionally, the coating of the PET surface with 0.2 wt.% CNCs extracted from the waste paper decreased the surface wettability of PET, exhibiting application potentials in the hydrophobic modification of polymers. This study realized waste paper recycling and provided a basis for constructing self‐assembled functional films on PET surfaces. The findings and insights of this study could exhibit application potentials in the fields of waste recycling and packaging materials. Highlights: A functional cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) film is prepared from waste paper.Self‐assembled CNC is coated on a PET surface to form a CNC/PET composite film.The synergistic interactions among CNCs and between CNC and PET modified PET.The low addition of CNCs realized the efficiency modification of PET.The study achieves waste paper recycling and high‐value utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Optimizing CO2 Adsorption/Desorption via the Coupling of Imidazole and Carbon Nanotubes Paper for Spontaneous CO2 Uptake from Ambient Air and Solar‐Driven Release.
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Li, Chujia, Cao, Xuebo, Liu, Guangchun, Huang, Lin, Chu, Mingming, Cheng, Ruobing, Wang, Aijun, and Xu, Zhen
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GREENHOUSE effect , *CARBON paper , *CARBON sequestration , *DENSITY functional theory , *CARBON nanotubes - Abstract
Direct air capture (DAC) is a sustainable technology to alleviate the greenhouse effect and a reliable pathway to acquire inexhaustible CO2 for the production of costly chemicals and energy products. Current DAC technologies with amine‐related sorbents rely on chemisorption, while they consume intensive energy for CO2 release and sorbent regeneration by heating. Developing new DAC processes with weak, reversible adsorption can substantially reduce the regeneration energies. Herein, the design of CO2 breathing paper (CBP) is demonstrated toward spontaneous CO2 extraction from ambient air and solar‐driven regeneration. The CBP is fabricated by coupling 2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole to carbon nanotube paper on the basis of density functional theory calculations. At ambient conditions, CBP spontaneously captures atmospheric CO2 with a capacity of 0.14–1.75 mmol g–1 at 0–35 °C through non‐covalent electrostatic interaction. Upon exposure to sunlight, all adsorbed CO2 can be released and converted to concentrated gas for storage. Attractively, the efficiency of solar‐driven CO2 release is much higher than the traditional temperature‐swing method owing to the IR sensitivity of CO2. Besides the reversibility, the mild conditions also ensure the durability of CBP. These findings suggest that the CBP is a promising candidate for cost‐effective DAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. The Pedagogical Power of Paper.
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Rodgers, Suzanne
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ART education , *PAPER , *EXPERIENTIAL learning , *ART students , *CREATIVE ability - Abstract
In this research, I explore the potential of a material‐led, embodied pedagogical approach to cultivate diverse modes of thinking, knowing and becoming within a pre‐GCSE curriculum. Drawing from my experiences as both an artist and educator, I acknowledge the transformative power inherent in recognising the agency of all forms of matter, whether human or non‐human. Through the implementation of a project titled 'To Play,' which utilises paper as a primary pedagogical tool, I engaged Year 9 Art and Design students. Qualitative data collected over a six‐week period underpins the analysis, with a particular emphasis on understanding students' experiences with material‐led processes. The findings highlight the potential of material‐led pedagogies to empower students and challenge anthropocentric perspectives, offering valuable insights for enhancing pre‐GCSE art education and harnessing the educational potential of materials. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse in art education by emphasising the importance of embodied, experiential learning approaches that prioritise creativity, exploration and critical engagement with the world around us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Publication and collaboration anomalies in academic papers originating from a paper mill: Evidence from a Russia‐based paper mill.
- Author
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Abalkina, Anna
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PAPER mills ,PREDATORY publishing - Abstract
This study attempts to detect papers originating from the Russia‐based paper mill 'International Publisher' LLC. A total of 1,063 offers to purchase co‐authorship on a fraudulent papers published from 2019 to mid‐2022 on the 123mi.ru website were analysed. This study identifies at least 451 papers that are potentially linked to the paper mill, including one preprint, a duplication paper and 16 republications of papers erroneously published in hijacked journals. Evidence of suspicious provenance from the paper mill is provided: matches in title, number of co‐authorship slots, year of publication, country of the journal, country of a co‐authors and similarities of abstracts. These problematic papers are co‐authored by scholars from at least 39 countries and are submitted to both predatory and reputable journals. This study also demonstrates collaboration anomalies in questionable papers and examines indicators of the Russia‐based paper mill. The value of co‐authorship slots offered by 'International Publisher' LLC from 2019 to 2021 is estimated at $6.5 million. Since this study only analysed a single paper mill, it is likely that the number of papers with forged authorship is much higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Integration of a Paper‐Based Supercapacitor and Flexible Perovskite Mini‐Module: Toward Self‐Powered Portable and Wearable Electronics.
- Author
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Lomeri, Hamed Javanbakht, Patra, Abhinandan, Polino, Giuseppina, Ali, Jazib, Jafarzadeh, Farshad, Rout, Chandra Sekhhar, Matteocci, Fabio, De Rossi, Francesca, and Brunetti, Francesca
- Subjects
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SOLAR energy conversion , *WEARABLE technology , *CARBON paper , *ELECTRONIC systems , *SUBSTRATES (Materials science) , *SOLAR technology - Abstract
An all‐flexible self‐powering unit, combining a flexible perovskite solar mini‐module for energy conversion and ultra‐flexible screen‐printed interdigitated carbon supercapacitors on paper for energy storage, is designed and developed. Through a hybrid bifurcated structure, the supercapacitors are connected in series and neatly layered on a paper substrate with the perovskite solar mini‐module strategically placed on top for seamless integration. The photosupercapacitor quickly reaches saturated voltage under various light intensities (1 sun, 1000 lx, 500 lx, and 200 lx) and displays a self‐discharge time of over 2 minutes. It delivers peak overall and storage efficiencies of 2.8% and 23%, respectively, and exhibits an extensive potential window of 3.8 V, making it a prominent choice for real time applications in electronic systems. In a nutshell, the inherent flexibility of both the solar module and the storage system, coupled with the space‐saving design, and the extensive potential window of the hybrid photosupercapacitor paves the way for implementation in portable and wearable electronics operating in indoor environments, ushering a new era of more versatile and adaptable energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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13. Optimized Fabrication of Flexible Paper‐Based PCBs with Pencil and Copper Electroplating.
- Author
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Srivastava, Vinit, Dubey, Shivam, Vaish, Rahul, and Rajpurohit, Bharat Singh
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FLEXIBLE printed circuits , *COPPER electrodes , *FILTER paper , *CARDBOARD , *ELECTROPLATING - Abstract
This research unveils a transformative methodology for fabricating flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs), focusing on the unique attributes of filter paper substrates. A meticulous parametric exploration scrutinizes critical aspects such as buckling resistance, charging current, plating time, and electrode configurations for copper electroplating. Key findings highlight the exceptional stability of copper electroplating on filter paper, exhibiting robust resistance against environmental variations and bending angles spanning +180° to −180°. Utilizing higher pencil grade material and maintaining a minimum 4 cm distance with a voltage range of 3 to 1.44 V ensures uniform, controlled plating without burning, optimizing the electrode area below 1 cm2 for enhanced practicality. The research underscores the longevity and durability of copper‐plated filter paper, with negligible resistance changes even after 1000 folds. Over a year, the shelf‐life assessment emphasizes the excellent stability of electroplated filter paper. Practical applications, including fully functional circuits and a bio‐degradable piano, underscore the versatility and real‐world feasibility of the proposed electroplating technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Utilizing de‐inked paper sludge for sustainable production of medium‐density fiberboard: A comprehensive study.
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Ashori, Alireza, Mahmoudi Najafi, Seyed Heydar, Heydari, Vahid, Besharatifar, Kamran, Sharifi Taskouh, Hamed, and Maghsoodi, Davood
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- *
SUSTAINABILITY , *PAPER mill waste , *FIBERBOARD , *CRYSTAL whiskers , *WASTE recycling , *ADHESION , *MOISTURE - Abstract
This study investigated converting abundant paper mill waste, de‐inked paper sludge (DPS), into value‐added medium‐density fiberboard (MDF) panels. The objective was to repurpose this solid waste into a valuable material that aligns with the principles of a circular economy. Previous research has examined the addition of paper sludge to wood composites, but there is limited information on the specific incorporation of DPS into MDF production. This investigation offers new insights into this application. MDF panels were manufactured using hardwood fibers, with varying levels of urea‐formaldehyde resin (10% and 12% by weight) and different loadings of DPS (ranging from 0% to 50% by weight). X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of defective DPS fiber crystals. Contact angle measurements confirmed that DPS had poor wettability, corresponding to increased water absorption. As more DPS was incorporated, the mechanical properties of the panels progressively weakened due to defective fibers and poor adhesion between the fibers and the matrix. This was evident in scanning electron microscopy micrographs, which showed an escalation in interfacial flaws. Increasing the resin dosage noticeably improved the internal bond strength and reduced moisture uptake across all levels of DPS. However, at a DPS loading of 50%, the properties of the panels deteriorated by 36%–57% compared to the control MDF. Additionally, thickness swelling and water absorption increased significantly with higher DPS content, primarily due to the hydrophilic nature of the fibers. Based on optimization, it was determined that a DPS loading of 20% with a resin content of 12% provided the best balance between performance, waste utilization, cost, and moisture resistance. The reuse of abundant paper sludge supports the goals of a circular economy. However, strategies are required to tailor the processing methods and enable higher levels of recycled material without excessively compromising the key attributes of the product. Further research should focus on enhancing the quality of DPS and its compatibility with wood fibers and resin to enhance the performance of the composite material. Highlights: DPS from recycled paper mill assessed for MDF production with wood fibers and resinIncreasing DPS loading caused reductions in strength and adhesion of panelsWater absorption and thickness swelling markedly rose with more DPS additionIt was attributed to hydrophilic fibers and disrupted fiber‐matrix bondingOptimal formulation was 20% DPS loading and 12% resin content, balancing performance, waste utilization, and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from waste paper and their utilization in wood adhesion.
- Author
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Joshi, Garima and Chauhan, Shakti Singh
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- *
WASTE paper , *WASTE recycling , *WOOD , *CELLULOSE synthase , *CHEMICAL processes , *NANOFIBERS - Abstract
Nanocellulose extraction from lignocellulosic materials is a highly chemical and energy‐intensive process as it requires the removal of lignin and hemicellulose. Writing paper is one of the processed materials that could be used as a raw material for the extraction of nanocellulose. In this work, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized from paper waste using TEMPO‐oxidation followed by high‐shear microfluidization. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy confirmed the diameter of fibers in the nano‐range and a consistent zeta potential confirmed the stability of CNF suspension in water over a long time frame. Characterization of the CNFs using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of a carbonyl group due to the oxidation process. Thermogravimetric analysis and x‐ray diffraction revealed lower thermal stability and reduction in the crystallinity index of CNFs, as compared to pulp fibers. The obtained CNFs were used successfully as the sole binding agent in the preparation of fiberboards and also utilized as a reinforcing agent for polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive in the preparation of laminated veneer lumber (LVLs). The addition of CNFs in PVAc improved the glue shear strength indicating superior bonding characteristics and also increased the water resistance of the LVLs. Highlights: This work focused on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) extraction from waste paperObtained CNFs form stable water suspension and have a diameter of less than 15 nmThermal stability and crystallinity index reduced after conversion to nanofibersCNFs form a complex network and act as a sole binder to make fiberboardsCNFs were utilized as a reinforcing agent for PVAc in preparation of LVLs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. A white paper from the FEBS Education and Training Conference: challenges, opportunities, and action plans for transforming molecular life sciences education.
- Author
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Villo, Ly, Sincic, Nino, Mello, Luciane V., Costa, Manuel Joao, Picard, Didier, Malatesta, Francesco, Dumic, Jerka, and Sagin, Ferhan G.
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EDUCATION conferences ,LIFE science education ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,SCIENCE conferences ,DIGITAL technology - Abstract
The inaugural FEBS Education and Training Conference (ETC) was held in Türkiye, in 2024. This first‐ever Molecular Life Sciences Education Conference in Europe was organized by the FEBS Education and Training Committee and it was a groundbreaking event that brought together educators and scientists to explore how to enhance education and training in molecular life sciences. The conference explored a wide range of critical themes, for example—digital revolution, active learning and student engagement, multidisciplinary teaching and learning, transitions and inclusivity in education, students' self‐assessment, and self‐regulated learning. The discussions and presentations underscored the pressing need for transformation in how academics and researchers approach teaching and learning. Such shift is driven by rapid technological advancements, societal shifts, and the evolving demands of the scientific landscape. This document synthesizes key insights, discussions, and recommendations from the conference and proposes actionable strategies for all stakeholders in the field—institutions, educators and students—to address current challenges in education and training in molecular life sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
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17. Phosphate Esters: New Coating Materials for a Sustainable Release Paper.
- Author
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Abenghal, Lahbib and Brouillette, François
- Subjects
- *
PHOSPHATE esters , *PAPER recycling , *SURFACE energy , *ADHESIVE tape , *SURFACE forces , *SURFACE coatings , *PHOSPHATES - Abstract
Paper manufacturers have long used silicone as the coating agent for release liners. However, silicone‐based release paper is very difficult to recycle due to covalent bonds between silicone and fibers. The most suitable solution to overcome this problem is to use alternative coating materials with adequate release properties, provided that they can be easily repulped in typical paper recycling facilities. We proposed a coating agent composed of phosphate esters and dimethylacetamide in order to manufacture a recyclable and efficient release paper. Analyses carried out on coated sheets showed that phosphate esters allowed the formation of a surface with adequate release properties (low peeling force and surface free energy). In addition, the residual adhesion values obtained with phosphate esters confirmed that they are well anchored on the backing paper surface, thus limiting the mass transfer to the adhesive tape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Optimization of Amylose to Amylopectin Ratio and Degree of Substitution in Quaternized Starch as a Tool to Improve Paper Strength.
- Author
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Kang, Shaomin, Guo, Jiaqi, Makarov, Igor S., Khan, Mohammad Rizwan, Xiao, Huining, and Song, Junlong
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- *
AMYLOPECTIN , *PAPERMAKING , *MANUFACTURING processes , *PAPER industry , *STARCH - Abstract
Cationic starch serves as a prevalent wet‐end additive in the papermaking industry. Yet, the definitive effects of the ratio between the two principal components—amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP)—and the degree of substitution (DS) on the mechanical strength enhancement of paper sheets remain incompletely understood. This study synthesizes a series of quaternized amylose (QAM) and quaternized amylopectin (QAP) with varying DS levels and blended these derivatives in diverse ratios. Subsequently, these mixtures are integrated into pulp suspensions to ascertain the DS and the AM‐to‐AP ratio that optimize paper strength. These results indicate that a QAM‐to‐QAP blend with a DS of 0.08 at a ratio of 2:8 yielded the most pronounced improvement in paper mechanical properties. This precise formulation significantly enhances tensile, burst, and tear strength indices, increasing by approximately 55.0%, 44.4%, and 78.4%, respectively, under the most favorable conditions and with an additive dosage of 1 wt.%. This investigation provides substantive and actionable knowledge for selecting starch additives in the wet‐end of papermaking, which can significantly augment the efficiency and efficacy of paper manufacturing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Differential and Functional Response Time Item Analysis: An Application to Understanding Paper versus Digital Reading Processes.
- Author
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Cho, Sun‐Joo, Goodwin, Amanda, Naveiras, Matthew, and Salas, Jorge
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONIC paper , *REACTION time , *FALSE positive error , *CONDITIONED response , *SMOOTHNESS of functions , *READING comprehension - Abstract
Despite the growing interest in incorporating response time data into item response models, there has been a lack of research investigating how the effect of speed on the probability of a correct response varies across different groups (e.g., experimental conditions) for various items (i.e., differential response time item analysis). Furthermore, previous research has shown a complex relationship between response time and accuracy, necessitating a functional analysis to understand the patterns that manifest from this relationship. In this study, response time data are incorporated into an item response model for two purposes: (a) to examine how individuals' speed within an experimental condition affects their response accuracy on an item, and (b) to detect the differences in individuals' speed between conditions in the presence of within‐condition effects. For these two purposes, by‐variable smooth functions are employed to model differential and functional response time effects by experimental condition for each item. This model is illustrated using an empirical data set to describe the effect of individuals' speed on their reading comprehension ability in two experimental conditions of reading medium (paper vs. digital) by item. A simulation study showed that the recovery of parameters and by‐variable smooth functions of response time was satisfactory, and that the type I error rate and power of the test for the by‐variable smooth function of response time were acceptable in conditions similar to the empirical data set. In addition, the proposed method correctly identified the range of response time where between‐condition differences in the effect of response time on the probability of a correct response were accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Oil blotting paper for formalin fixation increases endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition‐collected sample volumes on glass slides.
- Author
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Yamai, Takuo, Ikezawa, Kenji, Seiki, Yusuke, Watsuji, Ko, Kawamoto, Yasuharu, Hirao, Takeru, Daiku, Kazuma, Maeda, Shingo, Urabe, Makiko, Kai, Yugo, Takada, Ryoji, Mukai, Kaori, Nakabori, Tasuku, Uehara, Hiroyuki, Tsuzaki, Sayoko, Ryu, Ayumi, Tanada, Satoshi, Nagata, Shigenori, and Ohkawa, Kazuyoshi
- Subjects
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FORMALDEHYDE , *FILTER paper , *PETROLEUM , *PANCREATIC cancer , *OIL filters - Abstract
Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA) is used for pathological diagnosis and obtaining samples for molecular testing, facilitating the initiation of targeted therapies in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, samples obtained via EUS‐TA are often insufficient, requiring more efforts to improve sampling adequacy for molecular testing. Therefore, this study investigated the use of oil blotting paper for formalin fixation of samples obtained via EUS‐TA. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 42 patients who underwent EUS‐TA for pancreatic cancer between September 2020 and February 2022 at the Osaka International Cancer Institute. After a portion of each sample obtained via EUS‐TA was separated for routine histological evaluation, the residual samples were divided into filter paper and oil blotting paper groups for analysis. Accordingly, filter paper and oil blotting paper were used for the formalin fixation process. The total tissue, nuclear, and cytoplasm areas of each sample were quantitatively evaluated using virtual slides, and the specimen volume and histological diagnosis of each sample were evaluated by an expert pathologist. Results: All cases were cytologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. The area ratios of the total tissue, nuclear, and cytoplasmic portions were significantly larger in the oil blotting paper group than in the filter paper group. The frequency of cases with large amount of tumor cells was significantly higher in the oil blotting paper group (33.3%) than in the filter paper group (11.9%) (p = 0.035). Conclusions: Oil blotting paper can increase the sample volume obtained via EUS‐TA on glass slides and improve sampling adequacy for molecular testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Warming Papers : The Scientific Foundation for the Climate Change Forecast
- Author
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David Archer, Raymond Pierrehumbert, David Archer, and Raymond Pierrehumbert
- Subjects
- Greenhouse gases, Greenhouse effect, Atmospheric, Global temperature changes
- Abstract
Chosen for the 2011 ASLI Choice - Honorable Mention (History Category) for a compendium of the key scientific papers that undergird the global warming forecast. Global warming is arguably the defining scientific issue of modern times, but it is not widely appreciated that the foundations of our understanding were laid almost two centuries ago with the postulation of a greenhouse effect by Fourier in 1827. The sensitivity of climate to changes in atmospheric CO2 was first estimated about one century ago, and the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration was discovered half a century ago. The fundamentals of the science underlying the forecast for human-induced climate change were being published and debated long before the issue rose to public prominence in the last few decades. The Warming Papers is a compendium of the classic scientific papers that constitute the foundation of the global warming forecast. The paper trail ranges from Fourier and Arrhenius in the 19th Century to Manabe and Hansen in modern times. Archer and Pierrehumbert provide introductions and commentary which places the papers in their context and provide students with tools to develop and extend their understanding of the subject. The book captures the excitement and the uncertainty that always exist at the cutting edge of research, and is invaluable reading for students of climate science, scientists, historians of science, and others interested in climate change.
- Published
- 2011
22. Cold plasma‐induced N, Cu‐doping on carbon paper for high‐active catalytic electrode preparation.
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Yue, Xufeng, Xiang, Hongyu, Zhang, Peng, Shu, Song, Zhao, Yingxin, Zhang, Jiacheng, Liu, Jinwei, and Yu, Deping
- Subjects
- *
CARBON paper , *LOW temperature plasmas , *ELECTRODES , *COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) , *PHYSISORPTION , *CARBON nanofibers , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of cold temperatures - Abstract
Carbon paper is commonly used for catalytic electrode preparation because of its high conductivity, corrosion resistance, and stability. However, traditional electrode preparation methods are inappropriate for highly hydrophobic carbon paper. In this paper, a high‐activity carbon paper catalytic electrode was prepared using multistrategies cold plasma modification to create atomic structural defects, dope N and Cu elements, and introduce oxygen‐containing functional groups. Analyses show that the bombardment of high‐energy particles caused atomic structural defects. Nitrogen and copper entered the carbon paper through plasma‐induced chemical recombination and physical adsorption, reaching 5.26% and 3.83%, respectively. Ethanol‐based plasma introduced oxygen‐containing functional groups to improve hydrophilicity. Finally, the plasma‐prepared electrode exhibited a reduction efficiency of 87.69% in an electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Risks of abuse of large language models, like ChatGPT, in scientific publishing: Authorship, predatory publishing, and paper mills.
- Author
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Kendall, Graham and Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A.
- Subjects
LANGUAGE models ,CHATGPT ,AUTHORSHIP ,PREDATORY publishing ,SCIENCE publishing ,PAPER mills ,PAPER industry - Abstract
Key points: Academia is already witnessing the abuse of authorship in papers with text generated by large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT.LLM‐generated text is testing the limits of publishing ethics as we traditionally know it.We alert the community to imminent risks of LLM technologies, like ChatGPT, for amplifying the predatory publishing 'industry'.The abuse of ChatGPT for the paper mill industry cannot be over‐emphasized.Detection of LLM‐generated text is the responsibility of editors and journals/publishers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Flexible Thermoelectric BiSbTe/Carbon Paper/BiSbTe Sandwiches for Bimode Temperature‐Pressure Sensors.
- Author
-
Shu, Min, He, Zhengxi, Zhu, Junjie, Ji, Yuru, Zhang, Xuefei, Zhang, Chuanrui, Chen, Mengran, and Zong, Peng‐an
- Subjects
- *
ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding , *ELECTRONIC systems , *CARBON paper , *BISMUTH telluride , *ELECTROMAGNETIC interference , *RESPIRATION - Abstract
Bimode temperature‐pressure sensors hold significant promise in personal health monitoring, wearables and robotic signal detection. Traditional bimode sensors typically combine two independent sensors, leading to fabrication complexity. This study develops a bimode temperature‐pressure sensor by using a facile electrodeposition method to create sandwiched BiSbTe/Carbon Paper/BiSbTe thin films and stacking them to a vertical structure. It demonstrates high sensitivity for temperature sensing, capable of detecting temperature difference as low as 1 K, and a rapid response time of 0.92 s due to a vertical structure. Utilizing its thermoelectric mechanism, the sensor achieves self‐powered sensing for finger touch and respiration states. Furthermore, its island‐like contact surface ensures high sensitivity with an extremely fast response time of 0.17 s, by rapidly changing contact resistance under pressure, allowing it to detect various human behaviors, including body movements and micro‐expressions. Beyond its sensing capabilities, the film excels in flexibility, electromagnetic interference shielding, and stability, presenting significant potential for integration into self‐powered electronic skin systems for health monitoring, wearables, artificial intelligence, and other electronic skin applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Failure to deanonymize information in biomedical academic papers.
- Author
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Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Plasma Polymerization of Vegetable Oils onto Paper Substrates of Varying Porosity for Improved Hydrophobicity.
- Author
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Loesch‐Zhang, Amelia, Bellmann, Martin, Lachmann, Kristina, Biesalski, Markus, and Geissler, Andreas
- Subjects
VEGETABLE oils ,CHEMICAL vapor deposition ,SAFFLOWER oil ,PLASMA polymerization ,OLIVE oil - Abstract
Paper finishing, in particular, coating paper with desired barrier functions is well‐developed as of today. However, due to large amounts of material and process energy as well as the use of non‐renewable resources for such coatings, common technologies are not sustainable. Given the increasing importance of paper in manifold applications, more sustainable routes with low‐energy processes as well as biogenic material alternatives are highly needed. To address this challenge, a solvent‐free and material‐efficient approach is proposed to bio‐based paper coatings by depositing chia oil‐based plasma polymers using a jet‐induced sliding discharge concept at atmospheric pressure. Depending on the amount of coating and the paper porosity, this treatment retards water absorption. Coating visualization is enabled through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Like chia oil, safflower oil, and olive oil show the ability to hydrophobize paper and the great potential within plasma polymerized vegetable oils to make the paper coating more sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Synergetic optimisation of mechanical and electrical properties of aramid composite insulation paper by modulation of fibrid morphology.
- Author
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Huang, Meng, Yao, Yuanxin, Wang, Lu, Li, Sai, Su, Yanxiao, and Ma, Jie
- Published
- 2024
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28. Establishment of a measurement system to evaluate breast milk transfer of biological agents using dry filter paper: A multi‐institutional study.
- Author
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Saito, Jumpei, Yakuwa, Naho, Hosokawa, Yoshihiko, Hamada, Hiromi, Suzuki, Tomo, Sago, Haruhiko, Kaneko, Kayoko, Yamatani, Akimasa, and Murashima, Atsuko
- Subjects
- *
BREAST milk , *FILTER paper , *BREAST milk collection & preservation , *DRYING agents , *BREASTFEEDING , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *GOLIMUMAB , *ABATACEPT - Abstract
Aims: Information on breastfeeding and safety of biologics in infants is lacking due to difficulties in case collection. We evaluated methods for determining the concentration of biologics in breast milk using a dry filter method that can simplify the collection, storage and transport of breast milk. Methods: To generate dried filter paper (DFP) samples, approximately 30 μL of breast milk was placed onto a Whatman 903 card and punched out. After extraction, the supernatant was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Three concentrations of each drug were prepared in liquid breast milk (LBM) and DFP samples to determine their stability up to 28 days after storage at 2–8°C or −20°C for LBM and 25 ± 5°C for DFP. LBM and DFP samples were also provided by nursing mothers using biologics during lactation, and drug concentrations in both samples were compared. The agreement between the two measurement methods was confirmed by Bland–Altman analysis. Results: Breast milk was provided by 12 mothers who used biologics (tocilizumab, abatacept, etanercept, golimumab, sarilumab and belimumab). The coefficients of variation for within‐run and between‐run precision for the six drugs were within 15% for both LBM and DFP, and accuracy was within 90%–110% of the quality controls. After 28 days, concentrations remained at more than 90%. The difference between the values obtained by each method was within the acceptable range of error (−12.1 to +16.6 ng/mL). Conclusions: A method for determining the concentration of biologics using DFP is expected to help improve pharmacotherapy for lactating women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
29. Streptomyces spp. as biocatalyst sources in pulp and paper and textile industries: Biodegradation, bioconversion and valorization of waste.
- Author
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Cuebas‐Irizarry, Mara F. and Grunden, Amy M.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *COLOR removal in industrial waste purification , *BIOCONVERSION , *STREPTOMYCES , *ENZYMES , *WASTE paper , *COLOR removal (Sewage purification) - Abstract
Complex polymers represent a challenge for remediating environmental pollution and an opportunity for microbial‐catalysed conversion to generate valorized chemicals. Members of the genus Streptomyces are of interest because of their potential use in biotechnological applications. Their versatility makes them excellent sources of biocatalysts for environmentally responsible bioconversion, as they have a broad substrate range and are active over a wide range of pH and temperature. Most Streptomyces studies have focused on the isolation of strains, recombinant work and enzyme characterization for evaluating their potential for biotechnological application. This review discusses reports of Streptomyces‐based technologies for use in the textile and pulp‐milling industry and describes the challenges and recent advances aimed at achieving better biodegradation methods featuring these microbial catalysts. The principal points to be discussed are (1) Streptomyces' enzymes for use in dye decolorization and lignocellulosic biodegradation, (2) biotechnological processes for textile and pulp and paper waste treatment and (3) challenges and advances for textile and pulp and paper effluent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of toilet paper.
- Author
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Müller, Marcelo, Basso, Rodrigo L. O., Delai, Robson M., and Hönnicke, Marcelo G.
- Subjects
FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,TOILET paper ,X-ray diffraction ,MICROSCOPY - Abstract
At the shelf, highly bleached (soft and white) toilet papers samples of different brands and one grayish toilet paper sample of another brand have been selected for spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis, in order to figure out if they can present allergic components in their chemical composition. Traces of Ca, associated with the presence of CaC2O4H2O was found in one of the highly bleached toilet paper samples and in the grayish one. However, no traces of fungi were found in the scanning electronic microscopy images. A trial correlation between the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the tested toilet paper samples, surprisingly shows that the grayish toilet paper sample presents the highest softness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Ultrahigh‐Rate On‐Paper PEDOT:PSS‐Ti2C Microsupercapacitors with Large Areal Capacitance.
- Author
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Xue, Han, Huang, Po‐Han, Göthelid, Mats, Strömberg, Axel, Niklaus, Frank, and Li, Jiantong
- Subjects
- *
POWER resources , *WEARABLE technology , *ENERGY storage , *POWER density , *ELECTRIC capacity , *SUPERCAPACITOR electrodes , *SUPERCAPACITORS - Abstract
The growing demands of sustainable, portable, and wearable electronics pose new demands on miniaturized energy storage devices that can be integrated on flexible substrates such as paper. Microsupercapacitors (MSCs), especially MXene‐based pseudocapacitive MSCs with fast charging/discharging rate, high power density, and long cycle life, are competitive candidates as power supply for emerging flexible and wearable on‐paper electronics. However, few studies have reported MXene‐based on‐paper MSCs to simultaneously attain ultrahigh‐rate (>1000 mV s−1) capability and large areal capacitance >10 mF cm−2. Herein, ultrafast metal‐free on‐paper MSCs are fabricated through leveraging the synergistic effect of conductive PEDOT:PSS and capacitive MXene (Ti2C) to achieve a remarkable areal capacitance of 30 mF cm−2 and long lifetime (>96% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles) at an ultrahigh scan rate of 1000 mV s−1, outperforming most of the present on‐paper or MXene‐containing MSCs. Moreover, the printed on‐paper metal‐free MSC arrays attain extended working voltage window of up to 6 V and outstanding capacitive performance at an ultrahigh scan rate of 10 V s−1. The on‐paper PEDOT:PSS‐Ti2C composite MSCs offer new opportunities as eco‐friendly microscale power sources for emerging paper‐based portable and wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Promoted Catalytic Activity of CoSx@MoSx/MoOx Supported on Carbon Papers for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.
- Author
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Hong, Sung Hyun, Tekalgne, Mahider Asmare, Ryu, Sangwoo, Ahn, Sang Hyun, and Kim, Soo Young
- Subjects
- *
CATALYTIC activity , *CARBON paper , *CHEMICAL vapor deposition , *MOLYBDENUM oxides , *HYDROGEN production , *ELECTROCATALYSIS , *MOLYBDENUM catalysts , *COBALT , *HYDROGEN evolution reactions - Abstract
Developing cost-effective and stable materials for the electrocatalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains challenging. In this study, efficient catalysts for HER were synthesized by integrating the cobalt and molybdenum oxides via electrodeposition, followed by subsequent sulfurization of the as-prepared oxides using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This methodology allowed the incorporation of both cobalt and molybdenum components into the catalyst in a single step. The as-synthesized CoSx@MoSx/MoOx-based catalysts exhibited excellent hydrogen production performance in acidic media owing to the presence of Co-S and Mo-S bonds in the hybrid structure. Particularly, CoSx@MoSx/MoOx(90@360) and MoSx@CoOx(180@180) displayed the best HER performances with low overpotentials of 80 mV and 150 mV, respectively. The catalysts were highly stable, with their stability preserved for over 1000 cycles with marginal reduction in overall efficiency. Therefore, these findings suggest the potential of CoSx@MoSx/MoOx and MoSx@CoOx composites as ideal candidates for developing low-cost catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The scholarly impact of diversity research.
- Author
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Ng, Thomas W. H.
- Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL design ,AUTHORS ,ANALYSIS of variance ,MINORITIES ,SCHOLARLY communication ,AGE distribution ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,CULTURAL pluralism ,RACE ,SOCIAL stigma ,PSYCHOLOGY ,SEX distribution ,CITATION analysis ,STEREOTYPES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEORY ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,FACTOR analysis ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
This study contributes to the diversity literature by probing whether diversity papers are cited as frequently as nondiversity papers in management and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology journals. Based on the stigma‐by‐association theory, I argue that as a result of their association with minority groups, diversity papers may be devalued and thus "othered" by scholars. Using a citation analysis of 46,930 papers published in 29 peer‐reviewed management and I/O psychology journals, I present empirical evidence in Study 1 that diversity papers were cited significantly less frequently than nondiversity papers. The authors' gender and institutional prestige, journal tier and domain, and year of publication were not moderators. In Study 2, I used a scenario experiment to demonstrate the stigma‐by‐association effect. The authors' gender demonstrated a significant moderating effect in this experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Polyester‐Paper Cloth for Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Running Motion Sensing.
- Author
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Deng, Xu
- Subjects
- *
NANOGENERATORS , *ENERGY harvesting , *MECHANICAL energy , *ELECTROTEXTILES , *FLEXIBLE electronics , *TRIBOELECTRICITY - Abstract
Paper‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (P‐TENGs) have recently garnered significant attention in wearable electronics. However, traditional P‐TENGs are constrained by the inherent strength limitations of paper. Hence, we reported a novel polyester‐paper cloth‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (PP‐TENG) designed for mechanical energy harvesting and running motion monitoring. Compared to paper, polyester‐paper cloth has higher durability and tear resistance. The PP‐TENG capitalizes on the unique fluffy internal structure of polyester‐paper cloth, imparting high sensitivity to pressure variations. Experimental results demonstrate that the PP‐TENG achieves an open‐circuit voltage (
Voc ) of 466.64 V, a short‐circuit current (Isc ) of 48.73 μA, and a transfer charge (Qsc ) of 90 nC. Its maximum output power reaches 930.26 μW when connected to a 40 MΩ load. These impressive metrics underscore the potential of PP‐TENG in energy harvesting applications, particularly for wearable electronic devices. The device's integration into the soles of athletic socks showcases its practical utility, providing real‐time monitoring of runners’ gait and step count. This integration not only enhances the functionality of sportswear but also offers valuable data for performance analysis and injury prevention, marking a significant advancement in wearable technology and intelligent textiles. This research provide a promising path for self‐powered wearable sensors and flexible electronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Flexible Phototransistors on Paper: Scalable Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS Devices Using a Pen Plotter.
- Author
-
Sozen, Yigit, Ersu, Gülsüm, Pucher, Thomas, Quereda, Jorge, and Castellanos‐Gomez, Andres
- Subjects
- *
OPTICAL communications , *ORGANIC semiconductors , *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) , *PHOTOTRANSISTORS , *OPTICAL properties - Abstract
Phototransistors are used in plenty of diverse applications such as optical communication systems, light sensors, imaging devices, and biomedical instruments for detecting and amplifying light signals. Herein, an approach for the large‐scale production of low‐cost and flexible phototransistors by integrating the inks of PEDOT:PSS, and graphite with paper, which serves as an ionic conductor material to gate the PEDOT:PSS channel, is proposed. The fabrication of the devices is carried out by sequentially depositing the PEDOT:PSS channel and graphite electrodes onto paper using a benchtop XY plotter. To characterize device‐to‐device variability, 200 devices are fabricated and their electrical and optical properties are statistically analyzed. By performing a detailed characterization on the optical properties under varying wavelength, power, and bias conditions, it is found that devices exhibit good photoresponse across a wide spectrum range. Moreover, devices maintain their photoactive characteristics even when subjected to high mechanical tensile strain, indicating the suitability of these paper‐supported devices for flexible electronic applications. Time and photocurrent magnitude can be tuned via gate voltages applied through the graphite‐based back‐gate configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Reprogrammable, Recyclable Origami Robots Controlled by Magnetic Fields.
- Author
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Chung, Gooyoon, Chae, Jeong Woo, Han, Dong-Soo, Won, Sang Min, and Park, Yoonseok
- Subjects
MAGNETIC actuators ,ROBOT control systems ,SOFT robotics ,PAPER arts ,ELECTRONIC circuits - Abstract
Origami, the art of paper folding, has emerged as a versatile technique for crafting intricate 3D structures from 2D sheets. Combined with the magnetic actuation, origami paper becomes the building blocks for cost‐effective, wirelessly controllable magnetic robots. Herein, a biodegradable magnetic paper with excellent formability and recyclability is developed, facilitating its convenient utilization and disposal. The programable magnetic paper, fabricated with specific magnetization and crease patterns, enables the transformation of 2D sheets into predetermined 3D structures. Leveraging the lightweight and pliable nature of paper‐based materials, exceptional control of origami robots with fast response is demonstrated, enabling a wide range of locomotion. Furthermore, the paper‐based approach enables the incorporation of electronic functionality into magnetic actuators. By introducing conductive nanoparticles into magnetic paper, an electrically conductive substance is created. Constructing electronic circuits and integrating electronic components onto the paper‐based printed circuit board platform enables the repairing of broken circuits inside complicated equipment and optical sensing of surrounding environments in conjunction with locomotive robots. The origami robots have a huge potential to be facilitated in diverse fields with various functions, demonstrating complex locomotion, and integrating chemical, optical, thermal, and mechanical sensors for monitoring environmental conditions in hard‐to‐reach locations. The array of possibilities holds significant promise for the widespread application of these origami magnetic robots across a diverse spectrum of research fields in soft robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Diagnostic study of human papillomavirus DNA detection in cervical and vaginal samples using the filter paper card.
- Author
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Ramesan, Chiyancheri Koroth, Calvin, John Dickson, Thomas, Anitha, Fletcher, John, Kannangai, Rajesh, Abraham, Priya, and Peedicayil, Abraham
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN papillomavirus , *FILTER paper , *HUMAN experimentation - Abstract
Objective: To determine the accuracy of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA samples on filter paper in comparison to specimen transport medium (STM). Methods: This was a cross‐sectional diagnostic study of 42 consecutive women who were prospectively recruited. Each had self‐collected vaginal samples on filter paper, physician‐collected cervical samples on filter paper, and physician‐collected cervical samples in STM. HPV DNA testing was performed with a Hybrid Capture 2 system (Qiagen). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and agreement of filter paper methods with the standard procedure were calculated. Results: The overall prevalence of HPV in STM was 67.5%. Detection of HPV DNA in the physician‐collected cervical samples on filter paper had a sensitivity of 77.8%, a specificity of 100%, a PPV of 100%, and an NPV of 68.4%. The patient's self‐sampling on filter paper had a sensitivity of 66.7%, a specificity of 100%, a PPV of 100%, and an NPV of 59.1%. The agreement between STM method and physician‐collected sample on filter paper was substantial, (κ = 0.695, P < 0.001), while the agreement between STM and self‐collected samples on filter paper was moderate (κ = 0.565, P < 0.001). Most patients reported that self‐collection was acceptable (100%), painless (95%), and not embarrassing (95%). Conclusion: Filter paper, with dried self‐collected vaginal samples, can be used to detect high‐risk HPV with acceptable accuracy. Synopsis: Self‐collected vaginal samples on filter paper, to detect high‐risk human papillomavirus, is better for women, easier to transport to central laboratories, and has acceptable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Study on interlayer properties of multilayer complex structures of graphene papers/harness satin weave glass fibers/epoxy reinforced composites with electric heating de‐icing.
- Author
-
Wang, Xuemin, Li, Yong, Chen, Songxue, Han, Bing, Shi, Jiaqi, Qiu, Yue, and Zhu, Chunling
- Subjects
- *
SANDWICH construction (Materials) , *MECHANICAL behavior of materials , *ELECTRIC heating , *COMPOSITE materials , *METALLIC composites - Abstract
Highlights The graphene electrothermal de‐icing system has attracted extensive attention due to its efficient anti‐icing/de‐icing ability, but the interlayer properties of the heating layer are relatively weak. Currently, there is limited research on the interlayer properties of multilayer complex structures of graphene papers (GPs)/glass fibers (GFs)/epoxy (EP) reinforced resin composites (GPs/GE). In this study, a GPs/GE sandwich structure was prepared using a vacuum bag molding, and the effects of fabric structure and core material on the interlaminar mechanical properties of the sandwich structure were studied using the T‐peel test. A multiscale morphological investigation was conducted to analyze the crack growth and failure modes in the sandwich structures. The results indicated that the fabric structure caused anisotropy in the interlaminar peel performance of the composite material. The weft fibers contributed to inhibiting crack propagation. The GPs/GE achieved the highest peel strength of 0.533 N/mm under the (0,90)s layup configuration. The peel performance of GPs/GE was only 5.5% lower than that of conventional metal sandwich composite materials. In addition, GPs demonstrated the advantage of being lighter and thinner within the composite material. Through co‐curing bonding, the T‐peel performance of the GPs/GE sandwich structure was improved by 72.2%, thereby solving the problem of weak interlayer properties of the heating layer. Damage and failure mechanisms at different GPS/GE interfaces were explained. The fabric structure resulted in anisotropy in the peel performance of GPs/GE. The area ratio and arrangement of GPs influenced the stress distribution. GPs/GE exhibited excellent interlayer properties after co‐curing bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. All‐Paper‐Based, Flexible, and Bio‐Degradable Pressure Sensor with High Moisture Tolerance and Breathability Through Conformally Surface Coating.
- Author
-
Li, Ao, Xu, Jun, Zhou, Shengtao, Zhang, Zhaohui, Cao, Daxian, Wang, Bin, Gao, Wenhua, Zhang, Wei, and Zhang, Fengshan
- Subjects
- *
PRESSURE sensors , *CHEMICAL vapor deposition , *SUSTAINABILITY , *WEARABLE technology , *PATIENT monitoring - Abstract
Highlighted with bio‐degradability, paper‐based flexible pressure sensors receive significant attention in the field of wearable devices for a sustainable future. However, it remains a challenge to possess considerable sensing performance in high humidity and underwater environments, because its structure rapidly breaks down after the hydrophilic cellulose absorbs water. In this study, a facile chemical vapor deposition method is employed to conformally coat a thin hydrophobic layer onto the cellulose fibers, resulting in an encapsulating paper with high moisture tolerance. The well‐maintained porous structure reserves the superior breathability of the paper. A micro‐convex‐structured sensor layer impregnated with MXene serves as the sensing layer. As a result, an all‐paper‐based pressure sensor with high moisture tolerance and breathability is fabricated. This sensor features a broad sensing range (0–60 kPa), acceptable sensitivities (39.58 kPa−1 (0–1.01 kPa), 11.95 kPa−1 (1.01–60 kPa)), a low detection limit of ≈2.8 Pa, response and recovery time (93 and 69 ms), reliable hydrophobic breathability, and excellent repeatability (10 000 cycles). Moreover, this sensor can be safely worn on human skin and can monitor physiological signals in real‐time in different environments (including air, humid environments, and even underwater), providing a reliable, economical, and environmentally friendly solution for wearable technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Perspectives on Photocatalytic Paper‐Based Batteries Fueled by Alcohol.
- Author
-
Zanata, Cinthia R., Zapata, Maximiliano J. M., Wender, Heberton, and Martins, Cauê A.
- Subjects
- *
ALCOHOL oxidation , *ALCOHOL as fuel , *ENERGY consumption , *ETHYLENE glycol , *FUEL cells - Abstract
Amid growing energy demands, innovative solutions are essential to power a variety of devices. Paper‐based microfluidic fuel cells (PμFCs), powered by eco‐friendly alcohols derived from biomass, present a promising option. While lightweight and disposable, they mainly rely on costly noble‐metal catalysts for high efficiency. In this context, the concept of photo paper batteries (pPBs), utilizing affordable sunlight‐activated semiconductors to drive alcohol oxidation on paper, opens the possibility to disposable and affordable energy solutions. Our review highlights recent progress in PμFCs fueled by alcohols like methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. We explore semiconductor advancements driving anodic reactions and envision the potential of pPBs. To achieve practical pPBs, refining semiconductors, electrode design, and microfluidic engineering are pivotal. This short review highlights the transformative potential of pPBs and beckons researchers to partake in shaping this new field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Evaluating Properties of Green Concrete Produced Using Waste Marble Powder, Quarry Dust, and Paper Pulp.
- Author
-
Disale, Anil, Nayak, Chittaranjan, Suryawanshi, Nagesh, Jadhav, Nitin, Jagdale, Umesh, Kate, Gunwant, Thakare, Sunil, Pandey, Shri Prakash, Sharma, Prakhakar, and Saxena, Amit
- Subjects
- *
PAPER pulp , *CONCRETE , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *ALKALI-aggregate reactions , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *DETERIORATION of concrete - Abstract
Industrial waste locks are used as raw materials to reduce harmful effects on the environment and improve environmental performance. Marble clay powder can be used as a filling aid and can fill voids in concrete structures. This article will show you how to use a maximum natural sand alternative in concrete with marble powder and quarry dust. The challenge of the 21st century is to change to a new form that can support the natural system. This necessitates a radical rethinking of how to give the community infrastructure and housing. Making a concerted effort to develop novel, innovative, and alternative construction materials may be necessary. Jungles of concrete around cause's impact on the Environment and it would result in climate change. Mankind must avoid the use of things that are detrimental to the environment. So in this paper, it is decided to address the issue by adopting the use of the green concrete concept which is environmentally friendly. Green concrete is concrete made up using industrial wastes such as marble powder, quarry dust, wood ash, paper pulp, etc. Green concrete, which is capable of sustainable development, helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources, energy use, and environmental pollution. Green concrete is more cost‐effective than ordinary concrete and reduces the cost of resultant concrete by 14%–20%. It is also observed that the alkali‐aggregate reaction and sulfate attack resistance of concrete are both significantly improved. Green concrete is a useful tool for lowering environmental pollution and enhancing concrete's resistance to harsh conditions. All stages of infrastructure construction and rehabilitation will follow this trend of using new cement and techniques. Green concrete's adaptability and its performance derivatives will meet a variety of future needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Bronchodilator and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists in Asthma: An EAACI Position Paper.
- Author
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Agache I, Adcock IM, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Bentabol-Ramos G, van den Berge M, Boccabella C, Canonica WG, Caruso C, Couto M, Davila I, Drummond D, Fonseca J, Gherasim A, Del Giacco S, Jackson DJ, Jutel M, Licari A, Loukides S, Moreira A, Mukherjee M, Ojanguren I, Palomares O, Papi A, Perez de Llano L, Price OJ, Rukhazde M, Shamji MH, Shaw D, Sanchez-Garcia S, Testera-Montes A, Torres MJ, and Eguiluz-Gracia I
- Abstract
As cholinergic innervation is a major contributor to increased vagal tone and mucus secretion, inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) are a pillar for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. By blocking the muscarinic receptors expressed in the lung, LAMA improve lung function and reduce exacerbations in asthma patients who remained poorly controlled despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists. Asthma guidelines recommend LAMA as a third controller to be added on before the initiation of biologicals. In addition to bronchodilation, LAMA also exert anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by inhibiting muscarinic receptors present in neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and airway smooth muscle cells. Thus, besides bronchodilation, LAMA might provide additional therapeutic effects, thereby supporting an endotype-driven approach to asthma management. The Position Paper, developed by the Asthma Section of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, discusses the main cholinergic pathways in the lung, reviews the findings of significant clinical trials and real-life studies on LAMA use in asthma, examines the placement of these drugs in asthma clinical guidelines, and considers the potential for personalised medicine with LAMA in both adult and paediatric asthma patients., (© 2024 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Central nervous system prophylaxis in large B-cell lymphoma: A British Society for Haematology Good Practice Paper.
- Author
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Wilson MR, Cwynarski K, Eyre TA, Smith J, Chaganti S, Fox CP, and McKay P
- Subjects
- Humans, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Central Nervous System Neoplasms prevention & control, Methotrexate therapeutic use, Methotrexate administration & dosage, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse drug therapy
- Abstract
This Good Practice Paper provides recommendations for the baseline investigation, risk stratification and use of prophylactic interventions for patients with large B-cell lymphoma at risk of central nervous system relapse. Recent evidence which has questioned the role of high-dose methotrexate in this clinical scenario is discussed in detail., (© 2024 British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Development and Characterization of Fully Biodegradable Tray for Single‐Use Mushroom Retail Packaging Application Using Agro‐Waste (Jute Stick).
- Author
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Murmu, Sanchita Biswas, Nayak, Laxmi Kanta, Lakshmanan, Ammayappan, Baite, Haokhothang, Biswas, Piyali, Nayak, Dipak, Dutta, Mahadev, Tarafdar, Ayon, and Zahid, Noosheen
- Subjects
PERACETIC acid ,KRAFT paper ,POLYETHYLENE terephthalate ,PAPER pulp ,WATER transfer ,WATER vapor - Abstract
Mushrooms are traditionally packaged in single‐use retail packaging made of commercially available polyethylene terephthalate. It is now necessary to replace these plastics, which, after use, significantly pollute the environment, with biodegradable alternatives. After the jute fibre is extracted from the jute plant, the jute stick is left behind and can be used to make packing paper. Jute stick was used as a raw material for the development of packaging paper following three pulping methods: (i) alkaline sulfite anthraquinone methanol (ASAM); (ii) kraft; and (iii) peracetic acid (acid) methods. An analysis was conducted on the pulps' yield, chemical composition, crystallinity, whiteness, and cost‐effectiveness. From each pulp, three gram per square metre (GSM) of paper (100, 200, and 300) were produced and their rates of water vapour transfer, swelling, and physical and mechanical absorption were assessed. The acid approach was the most expensive, whereas the ASAM method produced the highest yield (50.2%). The acid pulp paper had the longest folding endurance with three to five hundred double folds. Although kraft paper's water absorption time was just 0.5–1 min, it had a higher tensile index than ASAM paper. For this reason, ASAM200 paper was chosen for making the packing tray. After ten days, there was no discernible difference between the mushrooms packed in the ASAM200 packing paper tray and those in commercially available PET containers kept at 5°C and 65% relative humidity in terms of weight loss, colour, texture, and general acceptability. Therefore, it was discovered that ASAM200 paper might be a sustainable option for packing highly respiring fruits and vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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45. Identification of document paper using hybrid feature extraction.
- Author
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Lee, Joong, Kim, Hongseok, Yook, Simyub, and Kang, Tae‐Yi
- Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,IDENTIFICATION documents ,CRIMINAL procedure ,FORGERY ,FEATURE extraction ,PAPER products - Abstract
Document forgery is a significant issue in Korea, with around ten thousand cases reported every year. Analyzing paper plays a crucial role in examining questionable documents such as marketable securities and contracts, which can aid in solving criminal cases of document forgery. Paper analysis can also provide essential insights in other types of criminal cases, serving as an important clue for solving cases such as the source of a blackmail letter. The papermaking process generates distinct forming fabric marks and formations, which are critical features for paper classification. These characteristics are observable under transmitted light and are created by the forming fabric pattern and the distribution of pulp fibers, respectively. In this study, we propose a novel approach for paper identification based on hybrid features. This method combines texture features extracted from images converted using the gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) approach and a convolutional neural network (CNN), with another set of features extracted by the CNN using the same images as input. We applied the proposed method to classification tasks for seven major paper brands available in the Korean market, achieving an accuracy of 97.66%. The results confirm the applicability of this method for visually inspecting paper products and demonstrate its potential for assisting in solving criminal cases involving document forgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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46. 3.3: Fabricating Self‐Powered E‐paper on Paper Substrates and Driven by Triboelectric Nanogenerator Module.
- Author
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Liu, Guangyou, Gu, Yifan, Zhong, Min, He, Zhi, Wang, Li, Qin, Zong, Hou, Tingting, Pu, Xiong, and Yang, Bo-ru
- Subjects
INDIUM tin oxide ,ELECTRONIC paper ,GLASS-reinforced plastics ,INTERNET of things - Abstract
The electronic paper (E‐paper) has the advantages of low power consumption, flexibility, small form factor, and eye‐friendliness. However, most E‐paper substrates are made by indium tin oxide (ITO) glasses or plastic substrates, which are hard to degrade in the natural environment. Our previous work introduced a self‐powered E‐paper (SPEP) integrated with triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Here, a paper‐based SPEP was further demonstrated, driven by a TENG module without any other power module. By combining the self‐powered driving mode and paper substrates, this work showed novel possibilities for E‐paper devices, which provided great potential in future Internet of things (IoT) displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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47. A comparative study of the conference papers of mainland China's double first‐class universities.
- Author
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Zhang, Guijie and Wei, Fangfang
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCE papers , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CITATION indexes , *DATABASES , *PSYCHIATRY education - Abstract
This paper analyses the conference papers published by double first‐class universities from mainland China between 2006 and 2019. The main findings are as follows: first, the number of conference papers from different double first‐class universities varied greatly, with the annual numbers of papers in the China Proceedings of Conferences Full‐text Database (CPCD) and in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) fluctuating during this period. Second, most of the top 10 disciplines of the papers in the CPCD and CPCI were in the natural sciences, with only two in the social sciences. The CPCD papers and CPCI papers had some overlap in their disciplinary distributions. Third, the CPCD and CPCI papers differed little in total number, with the number of CPCI papers being slightly higher than the number of CPCD papers. With the introduction of new regulations from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MST), there will likely be an increase in the number of Chinese‐language conference papers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Exhibit 11: ADEA Position Papers.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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49. A literature review of user privacy concerns in conversational chatbots: A social informatics approach: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper.
- Author
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Gumusel, Ece
- Subjects
- *
LANGUAGE & languages , *GENERATIVE artificial intelligence , *AUTOMATIC speech recognition , *POLICY sciences , *DATA security , *CONVERSATION , *COMPUTERS , *EVIDENCE gaps , *PRIVACY , *HEALTH , *DATA security failures , *COMPUTER science , *INFORMATION resources , *POCKET computers , *PSYCHOLOGY , *HUMAN rights , *INFORMATION science , *TECHNOLOGY , *COMMUNICATION , *TRUST , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *THEORY , *GROUNDED theory , *MEDICAL ethics , *CHATBOTS , *SELF-disclosure , *ETHICS - Abstract
Since the introduction of OpenAI's ChatGPT‐3 in late 2022, conversational chatbots have gained significant popularity. These chatbots are designed to offer a user‐friendly interface for individuals to engage with technology using natural language in their daily interactions. However, these interactions raise user privacy concerns due to the data shared and the potential for misuse in these conversational information exchanges. Furthermore, there are no overarching laws and regulations governing such conversational interfaces in the United States. Thus, there is a need to investigate the user privacy concerns. To understand these concerns in the existing literature, this paper presents a literature review and analysis of 38 papers out of 894 retrieved papers that focus on user privacy concerns arising from interactions with text‐based conversational chatbots through the lens of social informatics. The review indicates that the primary user privacy concern that has consistently been addressed is self‐disclosure. This review contributes to the broader understanding of privacy concerns regarding chatbots the need for further exploration in this domain. As these chatbots continue to evolve, this paper acts as a foundation for future research endeavors and informs potential regulatory frameworks to safeguard user privacy in an increasingly digitized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. EMC Research Efforts in the IEEJ Technical Committee and State‐of‐the‐Art Case Studies on ESD Found in its Technical Papers.
- Author
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Fujiwara, Osamu
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONIC noise , *ELECTROMAGNETIC noise , *ELECTRICAL engineers , *ELECTROMAGNETIC compatibility , *ELECTRONICS engineers , *ELECTROSTATIC discharges - Abstract
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been known to cause electromagnetic noise against electronic equipment and devices even before the technical concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) was established 68 years ago in the United States and 48 years ago in Japan, while the ESD still continues to be studied as one of the most significant issues that should be solved in EMC areas. This is largely because the underlying nature of ESD has yet to be essentially elucidated from an EMC perspective. On the other hand, as an academic research organization on EMC in Japan, a Technical Committee named 'EMCJ' on 'Environmental Electromagnetic Engineering' was founded in 1976 in both the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ) and the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers or the present IEICE (Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers) to address EMC concerns. Since then, the EMCJ has been jointly conducting EMC research activities under the IEICE as the nominating body and the IEEJ as the associative body, whereas the EMCJ of IEEJ was dissolved in 1999 to form a new Technical Committee on EMC (TC‐EMC) in order to deal with EMC issues appropriate to the IEEJ. In this review, to mark the 25th anniversary of the IEEJ Technical Committee on EMC (TC‐EMC) in 2024, the EMC research efforts and activities that the TC‐EMC has conducted over the past 25 years from January 2000 to March 2024 are surveyed from 1272 technical papers presented at the technical meetings. Furthermore, among the ESD issues identified in these technical papers, the latest case studies utilizing 'spark resistance laws' that allow the analysis of the initial behavior of sparks, in which a spark is the essence of ESD and is the key to open the door to elucidate the phenomenon, particularly from an EMC perspective, are reviewed. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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