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Background: Major intracardiac thrombosis is an uncommon event during liver transplantation and has a high mortality rate. Given concerns for hemorrhage in liver transplantation with higher doses, low‐dose tissue plasminogen activator has been proposed as a treatment that rapidly leads to localized clot lysis and resolution of right ventricular failure. Methods: This is a retrospective study using a prospectively collected database at the University of California at Los Angeles of liver transplant recipients from 2004‐2021. Adult patients who received tissue plasminogen activator for intracardiac thrombosis detected on transesophageal echocardiography were included. Results: Out of 3236 liver transplants from 2016 to 2021, 11 liver transplant recipients were treated with intravenous low‐dose tissue plasminogen activator for major intracardiac thrombosis. The TPA dose range was 1–2.5 mg with three patients receiving more than one dose. All patients had severe hemodynamic instability. 90.9% of patients had right ventricular failure and 63.6% had cardiac arrest. After administration of low‐dose tissue plasminogen activator, 100% of patients had clinical improvement, clot resolution, and intraoperative survival, with 91% survival at 6 months post‐transplant. Adverse events included two patients with abdominal bleeding requiring re‐exploration and three patients having new intracranial hemorrhage which self‐resolved. Conclusions: Low dose tissue plasminogen activator was effective in treating major intracardiac thrombosis in our group of patients. Major complications included a limited number of hemorrhagic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of a modified arthroscopic triple‐row (TR) repair technique with the suture bridge (SB) repair technique in treating L‐shaped delaminated rotator cuff tears. Various surgical techniques for L‐shaped delaminated rotator cuff tears have been reported, many of which aid in increasing the contact area and pressure of the rotator cuff. However, there is still debate over which technique yields superior results. Methods: From January 2017 to March 2020, 61 cases of L‐shaped delaminated rotator cuff tears were included in this study. Of these, 34 cases underwent the modified arthroscopic triple‐row repair technique, while 27 cases were addressed with the suture bridge repair technique. Functional assessment was conducted using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, the Constant score (CS), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) assessments for rotator cuff healing were performed at the 24‐month postoperative mark. Statistical evaluations were conducted using SPSS for Windows (Version 25.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), employing the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test to compare preoperative and postoperative data and ROM differences, and the Mann–Whitney U test for statistical differences in clinical outcome scores between the two groups. A p‐value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Comparative analysis of the preoperative and final follow‐up scores revealed a substantial enhancement in shoulder function, as indicated by the ASES, UCLA, CS, and VAS scores, with statistical significance (p < 0.001). At both the preoperative stage and final follow‐up, no notable differences were observed in ASES, UCLA, CS, and VAS scores between the two groups. However, the TR repair group exhibited lower VAS scores than the SB group at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Active range of motion (ROM) showed significant improvement in both groups. No significant differences in ROM were noted between the two groups either before the surgery or at the final follow‐up. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that both the modified arthroscopic TR and SB techniques for L‐shaped delaminated cuff tears yield satisfactory outcomes, with no significant differences in overall clinical performance. Notably, early postoperative pain management appears more effective with the modified TR technique, suggesting its potential for enhanced early recovery experiences. This technique's design, promoting securer fixation and optimal contact conditions, is implied to facilitate superior long‐term healing, warranting further investigation into its long‐term benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims In order to increase the number of investigative teams and sites conducting research on pharmacological treatments for methamphetamine use disorders, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) established an infrastructure of clinical sites in areas where methamphetamine addiction is prevalent. This multi-site infrastructure would serve to run multiple Phases II and III protocols effectively and expeditiously. Methods NIDA collaborated with investigators from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) to set up the Methamphetamine Clinical Trials Group (MCTG). This paper describes the development process, as well as data from a test trial to assess the capability of research-naive sites to recruit research participants and conduct study procedures according to research protocol. Subsequent trials are also described. Results A total of 151 candidates signed consent; 65 individuals were enrolled and 35 (53.8%) completed the 12 weeks' behavioral trial. Self-reported substance use report (SUR) showed comparable use of methamphetamine across sites with the individual site means ranging from 59% (site 5) to 80% (site 3). Drug use as measured by urinalysis was greatly reduced at week 13 compared to the baseline measure; the average rate of methamphetamine-free urine samples across all participants in sites at week 13 was 53%. The highest percentage of methamphetamine-free samples was 85% at site 5; the lowest was at site 1 (40%). Addiction severity index (ASI) composite scores at baseline and protocol completion for all participants demonstrated improvement in all categories over time, except for the medical composite score. The largest composite score reduction in baseline-protocol completion was in the drug domain (0.23 versus 0.15). The changes in the ASI scores from baseline to week 13 were consistent across all five sites. Conclusions Outcomes of the behavioral trial indicated that the MCTG recruited well; collected study data accurately and reliably; and created a vehicle that can assess promising pharmacotherapies for methamphetamine addiction treatment medications. The MCTG strategy appears to be a feasible approach to increase NIDA's capacity to conduct clinical trials to evaluate potential pharmacotherapies for methamphetamine addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare congenital brain malformation presenting predominantly with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Hemispheric disconnective surgery is the mainstay of treatment; however, little is known about how postoperative outcomes compare across techniques. Thus we present the largest single‐center cohort of patients with HME who underwent epilepsy surgery and characterize outcomes. Methods: This observational study included patients with HME at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) from 1984 to 2021. Patients were stratified by surgical intervention: anatomic hemispherectomy (AH), functional hemispherectomy (FH), or less‐than‐hemispheric resection (LTH). Seizure freedom, functional outcomes, and operative complications were compared across surgical approaches. Regression analysis identified clinical and intraoperative variables that predict seizure outcomes. Results: Of 56 patients, 43 (77%) underwent FH, 8 (14%) underwent AH, 2 (4%) underwent LTH, 1 (2%) underwent unknown hemispherectomy type, and 2 (4%) were managed non‐operatively. At median last follow‐up of 55 months (interquartile range [IQR] 20–92 months), 24 patients (49%) were seizure‐free, 17 (30%) required cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting for hydrocephalus, 9 of 43 (21%) had severe developmental delay, 8 of 38 (21%) were non‐verbal, and 15 of 38 (39%) were non‐ambulatory. There was one (2%) intraoperative mortality due to exsanguination earlier in this cohort. Of 12 patients (29%) requiring revision surgery, 6 (50%) were seizure‐free postoperatively. AH, compared to FH, was not associated with statistically significant improved seizure freedom (hazard ratio [HR] =.48, p =.328), although initial AH trended toward greater odds of seizure freedom (75% vs 46%, p =.272). Younger age at seizure onset (HR =.29, p =.029), lack of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) (HR =.30, p =.022), and no contralateral seizures on electroencephalography (EEG) (HR =.33, p =.039) independently predicted longer duration of seizure freedom. Significance: This study helps inform physicians and parents of children who are undergoing surgery for HME by demonstrating that earlier age at seizure onset, absence of EPC, and no contralateral EEG seizures were associated with longer postoperative seizure freedom. At our center, initial AH for HME may provide greater odds of seizure freedom with complications and functional outcomes comparable to those of FH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of a Consensus in clinical practice is to provide daily practitioners with evidence- based recommendations on data from the literature, clinical expertise and expectations of professionals and patients. In this context, a consensus aligns with the principles of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice and is consequently regarded as a scientific work of a certain level of evidence (LOE). It is expected that such a project may contribute to filling the gap observed between scientific evidence and reality of the daily practice. A Clinical Consensus is particularly needed for those topics that are of interest to daily practice but controversial due to lack of evidence, and for which expert agreement can provide valuable support in reaching conclusions. A Consensus requires a strict methodology, based on two principles: an iterative process with independence of the involved groups and pluralism (geographical and professional representation). These processes guarantee the scientific quality of the recommendations. Among the various consensus modalities, ESSKA has adopted the Formal Consensus derived from the Delphi method, and the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. These two methods are complementary. The first one, based on questions-answers sets, is particularly suitable for questions of terminology, diagnosis, planning, strategy. The second one is based on the concept of scenarios, particularly adapted to treatment indications. These two methods can also be used within the same consensus. The aim of this article is to define what is a consensus initiative, to detail the methodology ESSKA has chosen, and to point out the key role of the dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effects and outcomes of multidisciplinary surgical approaches in the management of carotid body tumors (CBT). Methods: A single‐center retrospective study at the University of California—Los Angeles Medical Center was conducted on patients who presented with CBTs and underwent surgical resections from 1998 to 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v27 and Excel. Results: A total of 75 patients with 79 CBT resections were included. Operating surgical subspecialties included: 41.8% vascular surgery, 24.1% otolaryngology head and neck surgeons (OHNS), and 31.6% combined OHNS and vascular. 68.4% of tumors underwent preoperative embolization. EBL was directly correlated with tumor size. CBT size was similar for OHNS (30 mm) and vascular (31 mm) but was significantly larger for combined OHNS and vascular cases (38 mm). EBL was higher in combined cases (301 mL) compared to OHNS (124 mL) or vascular (203 mL) alone. Incidence of postoperative cranial nerve deficits was 7.8%, with combined OHNS and vascular cases having an incidence of 4.0% when compared to OHNS (5.3%) versus vascular surgery alone (12.1%). Conclusion: CBTs can be managed effectively by single surgical specialties with similar outcomes between vascular surgery and OHNS. In larger, higher grade tumors, however, a combined vascular and OHNS approach had lower incidence of postoperative cranial nerve injuries when compared to single specialty resections, despite a larger EBL. Thus, a multidisciplinary surgical approach suggests favorable outcomes with fewer incidence of cranial nerve deficits for larger, more complex CBT resections. Level of Evidence: 2b—Individual retrospective cohort study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron fluxes in Earth's radiation belts are significantly affected by their resonant interaction with whistler‐mode waves. This wave‐particle interaction often occurs via first cyclotron resonance and, when intense and nonlinear, can accelerate subrelativistic electrons to relativistic energies while also scattering them into the atmospheric loss cone. Here, we model Electron Losses and Fields INvestgation's (ELFIN) low‐altitude satellite measurements of precipitating electron spectra with a wave‐electron interaction model to infer the profiles of whistler‐mode intensity along magnetic latitude assuming realistic waveforms and statistical models of plasma density. We then compare these profiles with a wave power spatial distribution along field lines from an empirical model. We find that this empirical model is consistent with observations of subrelativistic (<200 keV) electron precipitation events, but deviates significantly for relativistic (>200 keV) electron precipitation events at all MLTs, especially on the nightside. This may be due to the sparse coverage of wave measurements at mid‐to‐high latitudes which causes statistically averaged wave power to be likely underestimated in current empirical wave models. As a result, this discrepancy suggests that intense waves likely do propagate to higher latitudes, although further investigation is required to quantify how well this high‐latitude population can account for the observed relativistic electron precipitation. Plain Language Summary: Whistler‐mode waves, the most prevalent type of plasma wave in Earth's magnetosphere, often interact with electrons by resonating with them, causing them to be accelerated and lost into Earth's atmosphere (in other words, precipitated). These waves are generated at the equator and typically stay constrained to within 20° in latitude; however, they can sometimes propagate to greater than 30° where they can accelerate electrons to relativistic energies. It is difficult to quantify how large of a contribution these mid‐to‐high‐latitude waves have on radiation belt electrons due to a lack of off‐equatorial spacecraft wave measurements. However, previous studies have shown that the energy spectra of precipitating electron fluxes may be used to infer the latitudinal extent of whistler‐mode waves. We therefore compare measurements of relativistic precipitation from NASA's Electron Losses and Fields INvestgation (ELFIN) mission (a pair of CubeSats built and operated by UCLA) with large ensemble test‐particle simulations informed by current empirical models of waves. Discrepancies in this comparison suggest that this elusive population of mid‐to‐high‐latitude whistler‐mode waves is most apparent at Earth's nightside and may even help explain some of the more intense precipitation events observed by the ELFIN CubeSats. Key Points: We evaluate the role of whistler‐mode waves on relativistic electron precipitation by modeling ELFIN case‐studies and statisticsObserved precipitation >200 keV exceeds results obtained with empirical models of latitudinal wave power distributions, notably at nightThe discrepancy may be explained by mid‐to‐high‐latitude intense whistler‐mode waves which are missing from current empirical models [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate whether RCR (rotator cuff repair) with BMS (bone marrow stimulation) can provide a lower retear rate and better shoulder function than arthroscopic RCR alone in rotator cuff tear (RCT) patients. Method: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched until Feb 2022. Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials was evaluated by two independent reviewers with Cochrane collaboration risk bias of tool, and that for cohort studies was evaluated with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). The primary outcome was the retear rate. Secondary outcomes included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, University of California, Los Angeles Shoulder Scale (UCLA) score, Constant-Murley score (CMS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the effect of suture method and tear size on BMS procedure. Result: Five randomized controlled trials and four cohort studies with a total of 827 patients were included. The pooled retear rate between the RCR with BMS group and the RCR alone group was significantly different (17.5% vs. 28.9%; P < 0.0001). There were no differences in the ASES score, UCLA score and VAS score. The CMS was significantly higher in RCR with BMS group than the RCR alone groups (P = 0.02), while the difference was well below the MCID. RCR with BMS resulted in a significantly lower retear rate than RCR alone for large and massive RCTs (19.7% vs. 32.5%; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Compared with RCR alone, RCR with BMS can significantly reduce the retear rate in arthroscopic RCT patients while not clinically relevant differences were found. BMS may further reduce the retear rate of large and massive RCTs. Level of evidence: Level III; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's views on Antony John Kunnan's research paper on Differential Item Functioning (DIF) in native language and gender groups in an ESL placement test. While the author admires the intention behind Kunnan's paper, he is also of the view that the fact that the statistical and subjective procedures for identifying DIF cannot be relied upon dilutes the significance of his conclusions. The author does not see anything inherently wrong with Kunnan's method of identifying biased items, which relies on selecting items which lie outside the 95% confidence interval, since all statistical tests of significance and hypothesis tests involve comparing data in order to known distributions and deducing the likelihood of those data occurring by chance alone. However, in the social sciences, if such results occurred by chance no more than 1 time out of 20, the results are considered to be significant. While no one can oppose eliminating test items which display DIF, Kunnan cannot be justified in drawing the conclusions about the sources of DIF in the Los Angeles, California-based University of California's ESL placement examination.

The article reports on the combination of University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles County Museum of Art, instrumentation manufacturer Renishaw and Cotsen Institute of Archaeology to authored the paper "New Advancements in SERS Dye Detection Using Interfaced SEM and Raman Spectromicroscopy (µRS)." It provides the statement of lead author Sergey V. Prikhodko on the use of raman spectromicroscopy as analytical technique for studying archaeological materials.

Objective: To systematically identify and compare the performance of prognostic models providing estimates of survival or recurrence of localized renal cell cancer (RCC) in patients treated with surgery with curative intent. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019162349). We searched Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 2000 to 12 December 2019 to identify studies reporting the performance of one or more prognostic model(s) that predict recurrence‐free survival (RFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS) or overall survival (OS) in patients who have undergone surgical resection for localized RCC. For each outcome we summarized the discrimination of each model using the C‐statistic and performed multivariate random‐effects meta‐analysis of the logit transformed C‐statistic to rank the models. Results: Of a total of 13 549 articles, 57 included data on the performance of 22 models in external populations. C‐statistics ranged from 0.59 to 0.90. Several risk models were assessed in two or more external populations and had similarly high discriminative performance. For RFS, these were the Sorbellini, Karakiewicz, Leibovich and Kattan models, with the UCLA Integrated Staging System model also having similar performance in European/US populations. All had C‐statistics ≥0.75 in at least half of the validations. For CSS, they the models with the highest discriminative performance in two or more external validation studies were the Zisman, Stage, Size, Grade and Necrosis (SSIGN), Karakiewicz, Leibovich and Sorbellini models (C‐statistic ≥0.80 in at least half of the validations), and for OS they were the Leibovich, Karakiewicz, Sorbellini and SSIGN models. For all outcomes, the models based on clinical features at presentation alone (Cindolo and Yaycioglu) had consistently lower discrimination. Estimates of model calibration were only infrequently included but most underestimated survival. Conclusion: Several models had good discriminative ability, with there being no single 'best' model. The choice from these models for each setting should be informed by both the comparative performance and availability of factors included in the models. All would need recalibration if used to provide absolute survival estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are few studies estimating the loneliness of the Hakka elderly in China. This study aims to examine the loneliness status and related factors among the Hakka elderly in Fujian, China. The short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) was used to assess the loneliness of the Hakka elderly. Factors associated with loneliness were classified as individual indicators, behavioral indicators, interpersonal indicators, and social indicators according to the health ecological model (HEM). Hierarchical linear regression models were established to identify the main factors that were most predictive of loneliness. A sample of 1,262 Hakka elderly people was included in this study. Females (β = 0.631, P=0.012), those with ≥2 chronic diseases (β = 1.340, P < 0.001), those who were currently living in rural areas (β = 4.863, P < 0.001) or suburban areas (β = 2.027, P < 0.001), those with parents both died (β = 0.886, P=0.001), and those with the Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI; β = 0.852, P=0.030) obtained a higher score of ULS-8. Those exercised regularly (β = -2.494, P < 0.001), those had leisure activities (β = -1.937, P < 0.001), those ate healthy (β = -1.270, P < 0.001), and those with better self-rated financial status and higher education level received a lower score of ULS-8. There are differences in loneliness among different Hakka elderly population subgroups, and healthy behaviors and lifestyles may reduce the loneliness of the Hakka elderly. Relevant interventions should be implemented in a targeted manner, focusing on susceptible populations. This is most evident among those who were female, living in rural areas, with parents both died, with lower education, and with multiple chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, it remains unclear whether the risk factor for SOT patients is the immunosuppression inherent to transplantation versus patient comorbidities. Methods: We reviewed outcomes in a cohort of SOT (n = 129) and non‐SOT (NSOT) patients (n = 708) admitted to the University of California, Los Angeles for COVID‐19 infection. Data analyses utilized multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and transplant status on outcomes. SOT patients were analyzed by kidney SOT (KSOT) versus nonkidney SOT (NKSOT) groups. Results: SOT and NSOT patients with COVID‐19 infection differed in terms of patient age, ethnicity, and comorbidities. NKSOT patients were the most likely to experience death, with a mortality rate of 16.2% compared with 1.8% for KSOT and 8.3% for NSOT patients (p =.013). Multivariable analysis of hospitalized patients revealed that patient age (odds ratio [OR] 2.79, p =.001) and neurologic condition (OR 2.66, p <.001) were significantly associated with mortality. Analysis of ICU patients revealed a 2.98‐fold increased odds of death in NKSOT compared with NSOT patients (p =.013). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of transplant status in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized or admitted to the ICU with COVID‐19, especially for NKSOT patients. Transplant status and comorbidities, including age, could be used to risk stratify patients with COVID‐19. This data suggests that immunosuppression contributes to COVID‐19 disease severity and mortality and may have implications for managing immunosuppression, especially for critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Loneliness is a well‐established risk factor for suicide in young adults, but the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Drawing on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, the Evolutionary Model of Loneliness, and Prospect Theory, we examined if high and low levels of loneliness are associated with different patterns of response to losses or gains of belongingness. Methods: A sample of 188 students completed the UCLA‐Loneliness scale (version 3) and measures of suicide risk. Participants in the top and bottom tertiles of loneliness scores completed a computerized task designed to induce changes (gains, losses) or consistency in risk factors for suicide (belongingness, burdensomeness) over time, and examined the effect on desire to quit the task. Results: The results showed that the high loneliness group exhibited a larger magnitude of effect on desire to quit from gaining belongingness than for losing belongingness. In contrast, the low loneliness group showed a larger change in desire to quit from losing belongingness than gaining belongingness. Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary experimental support for distinct profiles of suicide risk based on prevailing levels of loneliness. The findings are discussed in relation to a need for increased precision in theoretical models of suicide and loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative efficacy and the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic modified double‐row biceps tenodesis versus labral repair. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 56 patients with isolated type II superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions from March 2015 to November 2018. Thirty patients (male:female = 17:13) were treated with labral repair, and 26 patients (male:female = 15:11) were treated with modified double‐row biceps tenodesis. The average age of the labral repair group and the modified double‐row biceps tenodesis group were 42.8 ± 10.6 and 40.9 ± 10.2 years, respectively. Pre‐ and postoperative assessments with the visual analog scale (VAS), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were compared between the two treatment groups. Additional outcome measures included patient satisfaction, the time to return to previous activities, workers' compensation status, and postoperative complications. Results: At a 2‐year follow‐up, the tenodesis group showed significant differences in postoperative VAS (1.5 to 1.8, respectively; p = 0.008), patient satisfaction (92.3% vs. 46.7%, p < 0.001), and recovery time to return to their previous activities (6.8 ± 1.8 vs. 8.1 ± 1.5, p = 0.007) compared to the labral repair group; however, there was no significant difference in postoperative ASES and UCLA scores between the two groups. Additionally, one patient in the tenodesis group developed persistent postoperative stiffness, which was resolved by conservative treatment. In the labral repair group, two patients presented with persistent postoperative night pain, three developed persistent postoperative stiffness, and two required a subsequent capsular release. Conclusions: Compared with the labral repair group, the arthroscopic modified double‐row biceps tenodesis showed more encouraging postoperative pain reduction, earlier recovery to previous activities, and higher patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine the implementation of a community‐based clinical education (CBCE) program at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry (SOD) and the preliminary outcomes on dental students and affiliated clinics. Methods: A retrospective review was carried out of SOD CBCE program implementation and program data between March 2018 and June 2019 related to patient encounters, pre‐ and post‐rotation student self‐assessments, student exit surveys and surveys administered to faculty within affiliate clinics. Results: In five academic quarters, 133 students delivered care for 7556 patients and completed 12,467 procedures in underserved communities. Students reported increased confidence across 14 areas of self‐assessment. The percentage of students reporting future plans of working in public health clinics upon graduation increased from 6% to 19%. Affiliate clinic faculty indicated increased care delivery for underserved patients, appointment availability, and job satisfaction. Conclusions: The newly implemented UCLA SOD CBCE program preliminarily yielded immediate positive outcomes for SOD students and affiliate community clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Production and operations management (POM), as we know it today, was established in the 1960s in response to various drivers. Elwood Spencer Buffa first published his textbook, Modern Production Management, in 1961. He had degrees in business and engineering and had worked as an industrial engineer. He was also part of the UCLA–RAND academic complex whose operations researchers coined the term management science and conceived the idea of The Institute of Management Sciences. Buffa coined the term operations management and consolidated knowledge from various streams of production management, including operations research and industrial engineering, into a coherent managerial framework. Modern business education had started to emerge around 1959 after reports from the Carnegie Corporation and the Ford Foundation recommended improving research and analytical approaches. Many business schools created courses in POM. At the time, no single book covered what we now call production and operations management. The POM faculty at most business schools, including Columbia's Graduate School of Business, adopted Buffa''s book enthusiastically when they introduced courses in “production management”. Buffa was an extraordinary visionary who covered supply chain management, design for manufacturing, quality management, service operations, and computer applications and the automated factory. The POM community pursued these issues more actively 2 or 3 decades later. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Appropriate use criteria (AUC) provide patient-centered physician guidance in test selection. An initial set of AUC was reported by the American Society of Dermatopathology (ASDP) in 2018. AUC reflect evidence collected at single timepoints and may be affected by evolving evidence and experience. The objective of this study was to update and expand AUC for selected tests. Methods: RAND/UCLA (RAND Corporation [Santa Monica, CA]/University of California Los Angeles) methodology used includes the following: (a) literature review; (b) review of previously rated tests and previously employed clinical scenarios; (c) selection of previously rated tests for new ratings; (d) development of new clinical scenarios; (e) selection of additional tests; (f) three rating rounds with feedback and group discussion after rounds 1 and 2. Results: For 220 clinical scenarios comprising lymphoproliferative (light chain clonality), melanocytic (comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter), vascular disorders (MYC), and inflammatory dermatoses (periodic acid-Schiff, Gömöri methenamine silver), consensus by panel raters was reached in 172 of 220 (78%) scenarios, with 103 of 148 (70%) rated "usually appropriate" or "rarely appropriate" and 45 of 148 (30%), "appropriateness uncertain." Limitations: The study design only measures appropriateness. Cost, availability, test comparison, and additional clinical considerations are not measured. The possibility that the findings of this study may be influenced by the inherent biases of the dermatopathologists involved in the study cannot be excluded. Conclusions: AUC are reported for selected diagnostic tests in clinical scenarios that occur in dermatopathology practice. Adhering to AUC may reduce inappropriate test utilization and improve healthcare delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The management of achalasia has improved due to diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. However, variability in care delivery remains and no established measures defining quality of care for this population exist. We aimed to use formal methodology to establish quality indicators for achalasia patients. Methods: Quality indicator concepts were identified from the literature, consensus guidelines and clinical experts. Using RAND/University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Appropriateness Method, experts in achalasia independently ranked proposed concepts in a two‐round modified Delphi process based on 1) importance, 2) scientific acceptability, 3) usability, and 4) feasibility. Highly valid measures required strict agreement (≧ 80% of panelists) in the range of 7–9 for across all four categories. Key Results: There were 17 experts who rated 26 proposed quality indicator topics. In round one, 2 (8%) quality measures were rated valid. In round two, 19 measures were modified based on panel suggestions, and experts rated 10 (53%) of these measures as valid, resulting in a total of 12 quality indicators. Two measures pertained to patient education and five to diagnosis, including discussing treatment options with risk and benefits and using the most recent version of the Chicago Classification to define achalasia phenotypes, respectively. Other indicators pertained to treatment options, such as the use of botulinum toxin for those not considered surgical candidates and management of reflux following achalasia treatment. Conclusions & Inferences: Using a robust methodology, achalasia quality indicators were identified, which can form the basis for establishing quality gaps and generating fully specified quality measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We set out to create Consensus Guidelines, based on current evidence and relative risks of adverse effects and the costs of different treatments, which reflect the views of the British Rhinological Society (BRS) Council on where the use of biologics should be positioned within treatment pathways for CRSwNP, specifically in the setting of the National Health Service (NHS). Design: An expert panel of 16 members was assembled. A review of the literature and evidence synthesis was undertaken and circulated to the panel. We used the RAND/UCLA methodology with a multi‐step process to make recommendations on the use of biologics. Setting: N/A. Participants: N/A. Results: Recommendations were made, based on underlying disease severity, prior treatments and co‐morbidities. A group of patients for whom biologics were considered an appropriate treatment option for CRSwNP was defined. Conclusions: Although biologics are not currently available for the treatment of CRSwNP, the BRS Council have defined a group of patients who have higher rates of "failure" with current treatment pathways, higher resource use and are more likely to suffer with uncontrolled symptoms. We would urge NICE to consider approval of biologics for such indications without applying further restrictions on use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The long‐term closing of schools and home‐quarantine during the COVID‐19 pandemic cause negative effects on the physical and mental health of young people. Studies evaluating the mental health of adolescents during the pandemic are limited in the literature. Aim: In our study, it was aimed to determine the results of home‐quarantine measures taken for adolescents during the pandemic and the affecting factors. Method: This study was conducted as an online cross‐sectional self‐report questionnaire and included children aged between 12 and 18 years. The data were obtained from the children of volunteer families via Facebook family groups, and Google Forms questionnaires sent by the child psychiatry clinic to their smartphones. Sociodemographic form, State‐Trait anxiety scale, and UCLA loneliness survey were used as data collection tools. Results: We examined the data of 745 adolescents. The average age of the study group was 16.83 ± 1.66 years, and 69.5% were females. It was determined that 88.2% of the adolescents followed the developments in the COVID‐19 process and obtained most information from the television. State anxiety was related to "Former psychiatric referral" by 4.39‐fold, "Having a COVID positive patient in the family or your surroundings" by 3.81‐fold, and "The most common medium for obtaining COVID‐related information" by 2.41‐fold. Conclusions: Closure of schools and home‐quarantine during pandemic causes anxiety and loneliness in young people. The identification of risky groups helps to properly support these individuals by various social connections, including healthcare professionals, families, and schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The primary aim of the study is to provide recommendations for the investigation and management of patients with new onset loss of sense of smell during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design: After undertaking a literature review, we used the RAND/UCLA methodology with a multi‐step process to reach consensus about treatment options, onward referral, and imaging. Setting and participants: An expert panel consisting of 15 members was assembled. A literature review was undertaken prior to the study and evidence was summarised for the panellists. Main outcome measures: The panel undertook a process of ranking and classifying appropriateness of different investigations and treatment options for new onset loss of sense of smell during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using a 9‐point Likert scale, panellists scored whether a treatment was: Not recommended, optional, or recommended. Consensus was achieved when more than 70% of responses fell into the category defined by the mean. Results: Consensus was reached on the majority of statements after 2 rounds of ranking. Disagreement meant no recommendation was made regarding one treatment, using Vitamin A drops. Alpha‐lipoic acid was not recommended, olfactory training was recommended for all patients with persistent loss of sense of smell of more than 2 weeks duration, and oral steroids, steroid rinses, and omega 3 supplements may be considered on an individual basis. Recommendations regarding the need for referral and investigation have been made. Conclusion: This study identified the appropriateness of olfactory training, different medical treatment options, referral guidelines and imaging for patients with COVID‐19‐related loss of sense of smell. The guideline may evolve as our experience of COVID‐19 develops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is commonly requested by dental implant surgeons, preoperatively, for patients being considered for dental implants. Incidental maxillary sinus findings often result in otolaryngology (ENT) referral for further assessment. CBCT findings include transient and benign mucosal changes that may not require any intervention and therefore unnecessarily delay implant surgery. We aim to define appropriateness criteria for ESS in the management of adult dental implant patients with incidental maxillary sinus findings on CBCT and provide guidance to both dental implant and ENT surgeons. Design: The RAND/UCLA appropriateness methodology was used to develop and define the appropriateness criteria. Setting: A virtual panel of 13 international experts in ESS. Participants: The expert panel completed two rounds of a modified Delphi ranking process for nine clinical scenarios, considering various factors affecting decision‐making processes. Main outcome measures: To define appropriateness criteria for ESS in adult dental implant patients who have incidental maxillary sinus findings on CBCT. Results: Patients with clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings of chronic rhinosinusitis together with an obstructed ostiomeatal complex (OMC) and concentric mucosal thickening of the ipsilateral maxillary sinus or pansinusitis were deemed appropriate candidates for ESS prior to their dental implant. ESS was not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with a patent OMC and mucosal thickening isolated to floor of the ipsilateral maxillary sinus. For uncertain scenarios, further discussion between dental implant and ENT surgeon should be considered. Conclusions: This study has developed and reported a list of appropriateness criteria to offer ESS in adult dental implant patients with incidental maxillary sinus findings on CBCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Researchers have claimed that problematic internet use (PIU) and internet addiction (IA) is a global mental health problem. However, little research has addressed this issue in Bangladesh and no previous study has examined the relationship between PIU and potential psychological risk factors. Aim: The present study examined the prevalence of PIU and its associated risk factors including socio‐demographic variables, internet use behaviors, and other psychological variables including loneliness, self‐esteem, and psychological distress. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted among Bangladeshi students (N = 605). Measures included the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Rosenberg's Self‐Esteem Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. Results: Using a cut‐off score of ≤60 (out of 100) on the IAT, the prevalence of PIU was 16.5% (n = 100). Regression analysis showed that sleep disturbance (more or less than 6‐7 hours sleeping time), not using internet for academic purposes, and online chatting were risk factors for PIU. Loneliness and psychological distress were positively correlated with PIU, whereas self‐esteem was negatively correlated. Conclusions: The present study highlights that PIU among Bangladeshi university students is an issue of concern and that targeted prevention is needed among emerging adults to help overcome the potentially negative effects of problematic internet use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The UCLA Loneliness Scale, containing 20 items, is one of the commonly used loneliness scales. Some shorter versions have been developed using factor analysis. The study aimed to shorten the UCLA Loneliness Scale using Rasch and factor analysis methods and test the psychometric properties of the new scale.Methods: The full sample of the study included 719 respondents, divided into three subsamples (205, 324, and 190 for samples 1-3, respectively). The original, 20-item Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (R-ULS) was shortened using 205 students (sample 1); the shortened scale was then validated for construct and concurrent validity with 324 students (sample 2) and 190 clinical participants (sample 3). Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis were used for construct validity. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity were assessed by exploring the correlation with other psychological measurements.Results: In sample 1, the R-ULS was shortened to a 6-item scale (RULS-6) that fits the Rasch model. The RULS-6 met the criteria of unidimensionality and local independence without differential item functioning due to age and sex, and good targeting the clinical sample. Person Separation Index (PSI) reflected that reliability from the Rasch perspective was acceptable. However, collapsing categories 2 (sometime) and 3 (rarely) may be required in a clinical sample. When tested in samples 2 and 3, the RULS-6 fits the Rasch measurement model. Convergent and discriminant validity were demonstrated with interpersonal problems and attachment scales. As expected, a positive correlation was found between RULS-6 and anxiety, depression subscale, interpersonal difficulties, and somatization subscales denoting concurrent validity. Cronbach's alpha of the RULS-6 was good (.83).Conclusion: Using Rasch analysis, the proposed RULS-6 constituted a 70% reduction of the number of original items, yet preserved the psychometric properties in independent samples of students and psychiatric outpatients. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? The UCLA Loneliness Scale is a common instrument used to gauge loneliness levels. The 20-item revised scale (R-ULS) has acceptable psychometric properties but its construct varies. Due to the length of the questionnaire, administration of R-ULS is not always practical. Short versions vary in items and were developed with classic test theory (e.g., factor analysis). Rasch analysis - providing more accuracy based on measurement theory - could be used instead. What does this study add? Using a Rasch analysis approach, a 6-item scale of loneliness (RULS-6) was created. The RULS-6 was tested in student and clinical samples, meeting Rasch measurement model criteria. The RULS-6 showed promising psychometrics to be used in both non-clinical and clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediating effects of loneliness in the relationship between social anxiety and life satisfaction. Four hundred and forty two left‐behind children in rural China, who completed the Social Anxiety Subscale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale, participated in the study. Results indicated that compared with both parent migration children, the scores of life satisfaction in the mother‐only and father‐only migration children were strongly higher, but did not differ across genders and ages. Additionally, social anxiety and loneliness negative predicted life satisfaction. More important, the mediation analysis revealed a partial mediating effect of loneliness in the links from social anxiety to life satisfaction. These findings call on more attention from the government and related sectors of society, and propose that loneliness improvement program may have a preventive function for promoting the life satisfaction among left‐behind children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents news on various issues related to behavioral sciences in 2001. Appointment of Joel T. Braslow at the Neuroscience History Archives in University of California at Los Angeles's Brain Research Institute; Information on the Fullbright Scholar Program; List of meetings and programs to be conducted in U.S.

The article presents editorial notes. It states that readers wishing to discuss or comment upon any of the articles in various issues of the Journal of Social Issues may submit their reactions or criticisms to the editor, Bertram H. Raven, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. Criticisms or observations of general interest will be published in a Comments and Rejoinders section of the journal. The Selected Articles Issue will receive approximately 25% of the yearly page total of the Journal of Social issues and will be devoted to individual articles consistent with the journal's policy.

Introduction and Aims: People who inject drugs (PWID) constitute the largest reservoir of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although effective medications are available and access to care is universal in Italy, the proportion of PWID receiving appropriate care remains low.Design and Methods: To identify the major barriers for PWID to HCV treatment we surveyed a large sample of practitioners working in outpatient addiction centres (SerDs). The survey was conducted in two stages and involved 30.3% of SerDs operating in Italy. In the first, SerD physicians completed a questionnaire designed with a Delphi structure. In the second, SerD practitioners completed a targeted questionnaire to identify barriers to four SerD services in HCV management: screening, referral, treatment and harm reduction.Results: The first-stage questionnaire, in which a Delphi and RAND-UCLA method was used, revealed a lack of agreement among the physicians about barriers to health care. The more detailed second-stage questionnaire indicated the barriers to delivering specific SerD services. As regarded the delivery of all four services, the major reasons for treating <50% of patients were: physician and nurse understaffing, technical, economic and logistic issues. In contrast, the practitioners who responded that they follow protocol recommendations often deliver all four services to >50% of patients.Discussion and Conclusions: HCV treatment remains out of reach for many PWID attending a drug treatment centre in Italy. To meet the World Health Organisation (WHO) target, there is a need to increase economic, technical and staff support at treatment centres using the protocols and the universal health care already in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the potential mediating role of self‐esteem and affect balance on the relationship between social support and loneliness. Respondents were 426 substabce use disorders from the Shifosi and Dalianshan rehab facilities in China who had completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scales, and UCLA Loneliness Scale. The results indicated that self‐esteem and affect balance fully mediated the relationship between perceived social support and loneliness and all the paths, ranging from social support through self‐esteem and affect balance to loneliness, were significant. Finally, we analyzed possible approaches to decreasing individuals with substance use disorders' loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the profile of professor Neil K. Garg. The profile includes working as a Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, obtained PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in 2005 and received several awards including 2017 Elias J. Corey Award for Outstanding Original Contribution in Organic Synthesis. His personal preferences include liking co-workers ideas, engaging in newest science, and unexpected presentations in a publication.

Recent research shows increasing inequality in mortality among middle-aged and older adults. But this is only part of the story. Inequality in mortality among young people has fallen dramatically in the United States converging to almost Canadian rates. Increases in public health insurance for U.S. children, beginning in the late 1980s, are likely to have contributed. ( JEL D63, I18, I38, J1, J3, J18) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry has implemented a Health Resources and Services Administration-funded program to prepare dentists for the complex and comprehensive needs of pediatric patients within rapidly changing demographics and a paradigm shift in dentistry. Traditional dental education has focused on how to respond to oral disease, whereas UCLA's program shifts the paradigm to emphasize early assessment, risk-based prevention, and disease management. A holistic approach to dental care that considers social and environmental determinants is used with minimally invasive techniques for restorative care. To support this change, pediatric dental residents receive traditional training combined with new didactics, advocacy opportunities, and applied learning experiences at community-based organizations. These new elements teach residents to recognize the causal factors of disease and to identify interventions that promote oral health at the individual, family, community, and policy level. Consequently, they are better prepared to treat a diverse group of patients who historically have faced the greatest burden of disease as well as an increased number of barriers to accessing oral health care; these consist of low-income, minority, and/or pediatric populations including children with special health needs. The program's ultimate goal is for residents to deploy these skills in treating vulnerable populations and to demonstrate greater interest in collaborating with non-dental health providers and community organizations to increase access to dental services in private or public health practice settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Traumatic Stress is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents information on the contribution made by Elinor Ostrom, Professor at Indiana University, to the field of economics. In 2009, Ostrom was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. She grew up in Los Angeles, California, and received her degrees in political science from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Ostrom served as President of the Public Choice Society, and the American Political Science Association.

This study used a mixed methods approach to evaluate hybrid peer-assisted learning approaches incorporated into a bioinformatics tutorial for a genome annotation research project. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from undergraduates who enrolled in a research-based laboratory course during two different academic terms at UCLA. Findings indicate that a critical feature of the peer-assisted learning approach is to have near-peer leaders with genome annotation experience, allowing them to communicate technical and conceptual aspects of the process in the context of a research project (a.k.a., the 'big picture'). These characteristics are important for creating connections between the wet lab experiments and the computer lab activities, engendering excitement about the research project and fostering engagement in bioinformatics as a discipline. Likewise, it is essential to couple tutorial training in genome annotation with appropriate instructional materials, providing detailed, step-by-step instructions for database navigation. Finally, the assessment results support this hybrid peer-assisted learning approach as a model for undergraduates to successfully learn bioinformatics in a course setting. © 2012 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 41(1):24-33, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Dentists are in a unique position to detect elder abuse and neglect. Approximately 75 percent of all physical domes- tic violence results in injuries to the head, neck, and/or mouth area, clearly visible to the dental team during examinations and treatment. The goal of this project was to gather a comprehensive understanding of predoctoral dental students' perceptions of the culture of abuse and neglect and their level of fluency regarding their rights and responsibilities as mandated reporters. This article aims to inform dental educators of dental students' level of awareness of elder abuse and neglect in order to highlight content areas to be addressed in dental school curricula and clinical training. A twenty-four-item survey was administered to 29 1 predoctoral dental students at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry. The results are organized into three general areas: prior training and education; perceptions of the culture of abuse and neglect; and knowledge of mandated reporter legal responsibilities and protections. Overall, this study found that most students do not feel adequately trained to report a case of elder abuse. Data from this study suggest that dental students need education on the psychosocial aspects of older adulthood, as well as training in detecting and reporting elder abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined gender differences in age of onset, clinical course, and heritability of alcohol dependence in 2,524 adults participating in the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) family study of alcoholism. Men were significantly more likely than women to have initiated regular drinking during adolescence. Onset of regular drinking was not found to be heritable but was found to be significantly associated with a shorter time to onset of alcohol dependence. A high degree of similarity in the sequence of alcohol-related life events was found between men and women, however, men experienced alcohol dependence symptoms at a younger age and women had a more rapid clinical course. Women were found to have a higher heritability estimate for alcohol dependence ( h2= .46) than men ( h2= .32). These findings suggest that environmental factors influencing the initiation of regular drinking rather than genetic factors associated with dependence may in part underlie some of the gender differences seen in the prevalence of alcohol dependence in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Brian L. Cochran, president of the Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council, is presented. He says that he decided to get into engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) as he enjoys seeing things being built. He mentions some professors that he likes because they teach well. He emphasizes the start of his engineering career by working with his fellow engineers.

OBJECTIVE To compare the prognostic accuracy of the two most used integrated staging systems to predict the outcome of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and pathological data of 388 patients surgically treated for clear cell RCC between 1986 and 2000. The pathological slides of all specimens were reviewed by a pathologist unaware of patient outcome. All patients were classified according to the ‘Stage, Size, Grade and Necrosis’ (SSIGN) score and University of California Los Angeles Integrated Staging System (UISS) model, and the predictive accuracy of the two models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. RESULTS The median follow-up was 56 months; the 10-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) probabilities according to the SSIGN score were 96% in the ‘0–2’ category, 78% in the ‘3–4’, 43% in the ‘5–6’, 25.8% in the ‘7–9’ and 0% in the ‘≥10’ group ( P < 0.001). According to the UISS, in nonmetastatic patients the 10-year CSS probabilities were 100% in low, 73% in intermediate and 62% in high-risk groups; in metastatic patients the respective CSS probabilities were 37%, 33% and 12.5% ( P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.870 for the SSIGN score and 0.832 for the UISS. Including only nonmetastatic patients in the analysis, the AUC was 0.830 for the SSIGN score and 0.760 for the UISS model. CONCLUSION Our study shows for the first time that the SSIGN score offers a better stratification of clear cell RCC than the UISS model. These data should be considered in the design of future randomized controlled trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1999, HRSA contracted with the UCLA School of Dentistry to evaluate the postgraduate general dentistry (PDG) training programs. The purpose of this article is to compare the program characteristics of the PGD training programs sponsored by the Armed Services (military) and VA. Surveys mailed to sixty-six VA and forty-two military program directors in fall 2000 sought information regarding the infrastructure of the program, the program emphasis, resident preparation prior to entering the program, and a description of patients served and types of services provided. Of the eighty-one returned surveys (75 percent response rate), thirty were received from military program directors and fifty-one were received from VA program directors. AEGDs reported treating a higher proportion of children patients and GPRs more medically intensive, disadvantaged and HIV/AIDS patients. Over half of the directors reported increases in curriculum emphasis in implantology. The program directors reported a high level of inadequate preparation among incoming dental residents. Having a higher ratio of residents to total number of faculty predicted inadequate preparation (p=.022) although the model was weak. Although HRSA doesn't financially support federally sponsored programs, their goal of improved dental training to care for medically compromised individuals is facilitated through these programs, thus making military and VA general dentistry programs a national resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alexander "Sandy" W. Astin of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), probably the most prolific and influential researcher in American (US.) higher education today, talks about his development as a professional in the field, his mentors, his professional contributions, his personal development, his family, dual career issues, and his hopes for the future of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article profiles George Bogen, endodontist in Los Angeles, California and lectures at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in California, NOVA University in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, the Veterans Administration Hospital in California, and Loma Linda University.