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The main objective of this work is to present and understand the relations and / or proximity of Geographic Science with the regional aviation. There is a historical relationship between Geography and aviation, or with one of its segments, regional aviation, however, there aren´t many papers that are dedicated to the analysis of this theme. In this sense, we emphasize that the present article will focus on Brazilian regional aviation. Therefore, in addition to presenting the definition used for regional aviation, we sought to establish the relationship between air transport and its regionalizations (or even with the Geography). Another point that is pertinent to our goal is the interaction between air transport and logistics, which is increasingly evidence with the progress of the mundialization process – the maintenance or deepening of economic and political inequalities between economies and regions, a process that starts from the productive and financial field – and the intensification of people’s displacement, property, goods and capital through geographical spaces. As an important part of our study, we will present a historical periodization of the Brazilian regional air transport, aiming at a better understanding of the subject. And we understand that in this analysis, the main variables for periodization of time are governmental. Finally, we point out that regional air transport is still regionalized, in other words, aviation is also regional, but in a reticular logic, of regions in networks and no more regions that are contiguous, in a continuous space, as in the recent past, in the Brazil.

The present paper aimed to understand the climatic aspects and thermal comfort in the city of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil, based on genetic and dynamic approach of climate in selected standard-years, with thermal comfort indices. The years 1997 and 2013 were selected, standard-years comfortable and uncomfortable for heat, respectively. In both, three standard-periods were identified: the first, rainy (summer/early autumn), with variable rhythm of stable and unstable weather types; the second, dry (late autumn/winter), with more atmospheric stability; and the latter, rainy (spring), which in addition to greater variance of climatic elements, it presented heat peaks at the beginning of the period. In relation to 1997, the year 2013 showed: higher temperatures and thermal indices; less precipitation and ventilation; more episodes of excessive-heat; longer dry period; higher frequencies of discomfort, especially at night, a common phenomenon in the heat islands. This configuration was possibly caused by the increase of urbanization in the city in 2013 compared to 1997.

O apoio da América do Sul aos argentinos na guerra das Malvinas (1982) representou um dos maiores legados daquele conflito. O choque anglo-argentino apresentou um sistema de defesa frágil do continente em relação às novas formas de ameaças militares que surgiram a partir de então. A necessidade de um desenvolvimento bélico autônomo e próprio da região fora um dos ensinamentos mais importantes trazidos aos militares brasileiros no que diz respeito às novas potencialidades de conflito. O objetivo desse paper é analisar as novas concepções de conflito para as Forças Armadas brasileiras pós-guerra de 1982 e a aproximação militar com a Argentina.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the United States’ (US) Taiwan policy during the George W. Bush administration (2001-2009)—specifically, how Washington actively opposed Taiwanese independence during this period. After the Korean War (1950), the US’s official policy on Taiwan was to “neutralize” and prevent war across the Taiwan Strait, thereby maintaining the status quoin the region. During the 1950´s and 1960´s, the US successfully prevented Chinese attempts to invade Taiwan. However, the dynamic of the cross-strait relations changed drastically in the 1990´s, following Taiwan’s political liberalization and the emergence of the Taiwanese independence movement. During the George W. Bush administration (2001-2009), Taiwan was ruled by the pro-independence Chen Shui-bian (2000-2008), which increased cross-strait tensions. In order to satisfy its own geopolitical interests, the US actively denied support to this movement, boycotting Chen´s attempts to declare Taiwan´s independence. This paper concludes that the core of the US’s Taiwan policy is to prevent alteration of the status quo or threat of war in the region, while using the “Taiwan Card” as a bargaining chip in bilateral negotiations with China.

This paper discusses the National School Lunch Program (PNAE) in the municipality of Alegre, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, in order to characterize the process of buying food from family farmers to serve this market, focusing on the evolution of this process from 2013 to 2015. The sources of the data used were as follows: Calls for Submissions and the respective reports, available on the website of The City Council of Alegre; sales projects of rural associations provided by the Rural Workers’ Union; and FNDE (National Fund for Education Development) documents available on their website. It was found that the compulsory minimum purchase percentage was not met in 2013 (it was 15.52%), but it amounted to 116.68% of FNDE’s fund transfer in 2014. The number of farmers of Alegre participating of PNAE grew 2.8 times, from 2013 to 2015, reaching 39 farmers. There was a 54% increase in food diversity, from 22 in 2013 to 34 different foods purchased in 2015. It was concluded that the PNAE of Alegre, even in view of the challenges presented, is fulfilling its role to linking family agriculture with school lunch, helping to promote sustainable rural development while bringing food and nutrition security to children and adolescents who study in public schools. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2017.26701

In this paper we propose to present the partial results of the master's research about the aesthetic experiences of Symbolism in Brazil of the late nineteenth century, more specifically in the city of Rio de Janeiro. We consider a selection of material in order to restore the importance of the symbolist literary magazine Pierrot, published in 1890, in a differentiated theoretical approach that scales the disruptive potential of this journal and allows perceive it as an original production, which makes it possible to understand the intrinsic political nature of the aesthetic manifestations.

Introduction: This paper is part of food and gender research, in which the body is considered as a social construct. Concerns on the body, body image and food has become a problem, especially for urban women. However, there is little information on what happens with men and women living in rural areas of the country. Objectives: Investigate how women and men in rural areas perceive their bodies, how they would like to look and what they actually know about food. Methodology: In a rural community located in the State of Mexico, 19 men and 30 women were surveyed, measured and weighed.They selected from 9 figures, according to their self-perception and their desired figure. Results: Some sex differences in body perception were found: men perceived themselves thinner than they are in fact, and some women perceived themselves as overweight. Both groups would like to be thinner. More alterations were observed in male self-perceptions. No gender differences were found in relation to traditional knowledge on food, body and health. Conclusion: Aiming at implementing measures for preventing and treating high-risk eating pratices, which are usually associated with body image issues, it is necessary to increase the number of studies on altered body perception of men and women living in rural areas. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2017.22559

This paper has the objective of analyze the concept of stabilization of the antecedent anticipated decision, introduced by the Civil Procedure Code of 2015. It will be done a doctrinaire review and, after, it will be defended that the stabilization implies only the immutability of the anticipated effects, as well as the consequences of this doctrinaire position.

This paper studies the relationship of the incidence, in view of the Legal Fact Pontes de Miranda, with the truth and reflections on this process. Investigates, so if the language, manifested especially by the evidence (Theory of Evidence), would be an instrument capable of creating the truth or would have the power to reveal it, merely.

This paper proposes to analyze the precedents of the Brazilians Supremes Courts – STF and STJ – on the subject of Brazilian Civil Investigation Procedure. From this perspective, it intend to demonstrate the need of existence of a progressive procedimental opening for an effective participation of the investigated throughout the whole course of the investigation (right to be head), taking as parameter the need for a “constitutionalization” of administrative procedures in the Brazilian legal system.

This paper analyzes the regulation of embargos de declaração with in the electoral process, as well as the interpretation that has been given by the Courts. Addressing essencial issues of embargos de declaração, as the deadline, legal nature, suitability hypothesis and suspensive effect, many of which are the subject of discussion in doctrine and jurisprudence, mainly due to diversification and variety of rules dealing with the subject (Electoral Code, Regiments Internal of Courts and Civil Procedure Code and Criminal Procedure Code - alternatively applied), besides the need for a constitutional interpretation focused on the embargos de declaração. Observes the proposals of the Project of the New CPC, pending in the legislative, for the regulation of embargos de declaração and the impacts that this new text will bring to the electoral process, pointing out possible ways to conciliation between the “new” civil process and the electoral law.

The present paper talks about the precedent’s system, brought by the new Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, especially about distinguishing and ratio decidendi.

This paper aims to present the institution of criminal “res judicata” as a fundamental guarantee of the defendant, in the light of a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the acquittal´s inviolabity in Brazil´s and United States of America´s criminal procedural rules. To this end, the main outlines, and the limits, of "res judicata" in Brazil will be presented in comparison with the guarantee of "double jeopardy clause" provided by the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, in order to establish these institutes as limitation instruments of state prosecution both in "civil law" and "common law" systems.

This paper has the scope to study, within the collective procedural law, the res judicata, focusing on its subjective limits as well proceed an analysis of the improprieties referred in the article 16º of Law nº 7.347/85 and finally demonstrate the possibility of future change of jurisprudence regarding the applicability of Article 16 of Law 7.347 / 85 in the light of the judgment-alert technique.

This paper aims to bring some brief reflections on the topics covered in Book I of the General Part in the Code of Civil Procedure of 2015, in each of the twelve articles related to the basic standards, highlighting its relevance to the application and the proper interpretation of new legislation. The intention is not to exhaust the subject, but just to open the debate to bring a few lines to improve the theoretical understanding and improving the judicial services.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.15110 This paper uses GIS techniques and digital analysis to determine the landforms that occur in the Hydrographic Basin of the river Ibicuí (BHRI), major watercourse of the west of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), with an area of 46602.58 km². The morphometric analysis was performed from a digital elevation model built using vectors on the scale 1:50000 and radar images (SRTM – Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). Classification and characterization of different units was conducted from data on hypsometric and slope, amplitude, profile and plan curvature. The units were divided into: flat areas; gentle hills; isolated buttes; hills; lineament of the buttes and hillocks and altitude hills.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.19286 The research comprises how the spaces of death are represented by travestis and female transsexuals. For the construction of this paper were conducted eight interviews with travestis and female transsexuals who ware living at that time in Paraná- Brazil. The stimulation of discourse about space and death was accomplished through the use of news on this topic, conveyed in newspapers on line. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis which was enable to build and recognize the meanings of social representations created by the group on the relationship between space and death. Social representations established by the group bring the idea of increasing violence, blaming the group for its own marginality condition and moreover, brings the territory of prostitution as a possibility for life and simultaneously as well as risk of death.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.19161 The present paper analyzes the chief contributions from institutional markets generated to Brazilian family farmers and, by contrast, presents the obstacles that hinder their access or permanence in these markets. For such, readings were made of works that address the theme, and interviews were performed with different social agents responsible for the operationalization of programs like PAA, PNAE and São Paulo Program for Social Interest Farming (PPAIS) in Dracena municipality, in São Paulo state west region. Based on analyses made, it was concluded that such programs have great potential to yield sustainable rural development actions in Brazilian countryside and ensure food and nutritional safety of needy populations. For such, public authorities should adopt measures to minimize issues that limit family famers’ access to and/or permanence in programs oriented to family farming.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.25825 The aim of this paper is to analyse the formative process of Geography teachers, considering new policies that have been created recently in Brazil. These policies aim to improve the teachers practical scope, which means an improvement in their formation and also in the formation of the student at the Elementary School years. In that way, we observe the results that were accomplished by the Institutional Program of Scholarship for Teaching Process Introduction (PIBID in Portuguese), program which was created as a Brazilian political action for the improvement of teachers' formation from the Elementary School. This program grants scholarships for undergraduated students at university, who are going to be supervised by professors who are managing these projects. Moreover, this program awards scholarships for other supervisors (teachers) from the Elementary Schools in order to encourage the link between the schools and these projects. These academics from the university experience the schools' issues and challenges, the student formation reality outside school, as well as the school schedule planning process. Through the PIBID/Geography/UFGD, the profits of the future teachers' formation are highlighted by the experience of the activities. These activities show the understanding of new knowledges, languages and practices which aims the overcome of the didactic book. Nevertheless, we are not pointing that the didactic book is a worthless tool. Moreover, these activities are allowing real gain to the development of learning processes (which are linked to the teaching area, the research scope, the social actions scope and the cultural area). Besides, these activities are really helping to find and share didactic alternatives for educational practices which could enable a better organization and evalution of the teaching and learning process. Another main aspect about PIBID/Geography/UFGD is its contribution for the teacher's work valorization and for a consolidate partnership between the Elementary School and the University.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2017.23781 In this paper, we will discuss the proposal of a Common National Base Curriculum (BNCC) presented by the Education Ministry in the second half of 2015. Our analysis will focus less on content and objectives aimed at geography teaching in the document than in the proposal silences. What is not being said, the hidden subjects that are in the document construction of the base have, in our view, more important, since they represent interests that seek to define a conception of education that, ultimately, aims at disseminating economic and social development project for the country. For this, in our discussion, we will focus the analysis on the proposed production context, dialogue with the history of geography curricula in recent years, covering the debates and analyzes built by the academic community of geography during the time of preparation of the National Curriculum Parameters (NCPs), published in 1998. We will seek to understand the criticisms of this document at that time are still relevant and if we allow a more careful look at the understanding of the current draft National Curriculum Base.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.19220 Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), established by Brazilian environmental law, have different and important functions for the environment and ecosystem, including: preservation of water resources, landscape, geological stability, biodiversity, and healthy flows of flora and fauna, the protection of the forest floor and the guarantee of welfare for the human population. The cartographic delimitation of these areas provides for better decision-making, helping to resolve existing conflicts by detecting priority areas for the implementation of projects designed to rehabilitate degraded areas. As such, the aim of this paper is to evaluate a Permanent Preservation Areas map within the Environmental Protection Area of Petrópolis Moutain Region (APA Petrópolis). Thus, users will be able to analyze the current state of Permanent Preservation Areas and the relationship they have with the conflicting uses of those spaces. Boundaries for the Permanent Preservation Areas was delimited using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool to operationalize and use Digital Elevation Models (DEM) to refine the methodology for delimiting boundaries for these areas. The areas with long water courses, springs, hillsides with slopes greater than 45 degrees, and lakes and reservoirs are some examples of preservation areas that have already been mapped according to Brazilian environmental legislation. Overlaying a land cover map, is possible to observe a high level of spatial occupation as shown in the overlapping of areas already mapped and in the orthophotos of the Brazilian Geographic and Statistical Institute.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.16576 The paper aimed to discuss how public policies, agroecology and agroextractivism contribute to food and nutritional security of rural families in the municipality of Cáceres/MT, in addition to highlighting the importance of these instruments on ownership and empowerment of the peasants against the arrival of cane sugar, land grabs and the pressure of the big landowners around the settlements of the municipality. The methodological procedures were adopted: literature review, aiming theoretically subsidize their analyzes; collecting data and information on public bodies; addition to field work. Concrete experiences in agroecology the city of Cáceres directly contribute to the welfare of rural families, generating income and food security and nutrition, since they are produced food of sufficient quality for family sustenance and marketed surplus amount. The success of this model is in harmonious relationship with nature, unlike the dominant development model in Brazil that relies on a mode of production that requires increasingly destroy natural resources, consume more products, contaminating the environment with pesticides used in the production of conventional agriculture.

Transsexualism has been increasingly discussed in the media and other means. However, one cannot treat such a broad topic without questioning one of the pillars of society: the difference between sexes. This discussion is necessary, since transsexual individuals contradict the roles of predetermined genders according to biological sex. In this paper, we have made an analysis of a case study of a transsexual woman. A transsexual woman is a person who has been designated as male at birth, but considers herself to be a woman. Throughout the interview, which consisted of 18 questions about the experience of transsexualism, various aspects of the interviewee’s discourse were revealed. They pointed to the difficulty on finding her place in society, because individuals only become intelligible in society when they identify themselves with either the male or female gender. In addition, it is assumed that there are only two possible genders, and that they should follow predefined standards. These standards are assumed to have been built from historically established relations of domination. Based on these concepts, transsexual people become marginalized and pathologized by scientific discourse, which creates many difficulties for them to be recognized. Based on the case study, we could also discuss the representations of femininity. After the interview, a content analysis was performed and the results pointed to a quest by the interviewee to find her place in the middle of a gendered and heteronormative society. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.22426

The aim of this paper is to discuss issues related to body image among undergraduate students in Physical Education and Nutrition programs at a public university in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This study has a socio-anthropological nature in the field of Public Health. The methodological strategy was to articulate participant observation and informal and formal interviews with these students. We found that the students feel pressured to be role models of good eating habits and body practices; in other words, to have behaviors considered as healthy. In addition, they must have a body image that meets the current esthetic standards. This is a discourse that prevails among them, both inside and outside the academic environment. Values relative to youth, sex and body esthetics are mobilized in such environment and associated with social life, distinctive positions in a strongly hierarchical society, and reactions to social norms and rules, among other features in the consumer society, where body image worship tends to be hegemonic. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.21995

In this paper we analyze the life history of a woman, as told in first person by herself and in third person by her partner, focusing on her worries about body image and how they affect various important aspects of her everyday life through the life cycle. Our materials are the respective biographic interviews to a 33-year-old woman and her partner, a 40-year-old man, where they storied her life paying special attention to body image and dissatisfaction issues. The analysis is structured into six emerging themes along both stories: “The gaze of the other and body exposure”, “Pregnancy”, “Modifying the body”, “Socio-cultural pressure”, “Masculine desire”, and “The silence dilemma”. We pay special attention to changes in positioning, feelings and habits with respect to the body along the life cycle, with key moments in teenage, and before, during and after a pregnancy. The analysis of biographies of non-diagnosed persons may help us understand various ways of positioning in the socio-cultural context of Western culture with respect to the body. At the same time, it may facilitate the development of actions to construct a critical view on context, contributing to women’s free elaboration of their identity and body experience. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.22473

This paper analyzes the secrecy in the Spanish Criminal Procedure, explaining, first, its constitutional matrix. Due to the amplitude of the subject, it was decided to focus on specific issues. So, at first, it was studied the secrecy in the criminal procedure phases (sumario and juicio oral), referring also to secrecy in judicial decisions. After, it was researched the secrecy as protection to witnesses and experts. Then, the secrecy in evidence collection means, such as search and seizure; mailing and telephone calls interceptions; undercover agent. Finally, the professional secrecy.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.10984 This paper aims to perform a hydrological modeling and flooding susceptibility spatialization applied to extreme precipitation events in Igrejinha City, RS, for different return periods (RPs). The work included seven stages: i) determination of the rainfall scenarios, ii) calculation of the morphometric parameters, iii) application of a rainfallrunoff model in the basins, iv) applying a hydrological model for the propagation of flows in the main rivers, v) hydrological simulation of extreme events with RP 10, 50 and 100 years, through the combination of the two models used, vi) estimation of reached levels in cross-sections of the river Paranhana, vii) flooding susceptibility spatialization for each RP. It was observed a rapid runoff in small streams that flow into the Paranhana River, which favors the occurrence of flash floods, while in the Paranhana River the runoff time is higher, favoring the development of a gradual flood. In the scenario with 10 years of RP the runoff achieves 1,120 m³/s, while in a rainfall with 100 years of RP, we obtained a value of 2.090 m³/s, representing an increase of 86.6%. However, regarding the area reached by the waters, the difference between scenarios with RPs between 10 and 100 years was only 9.4%. This occurred due to the characteristics of the embedded valley where the city is located, where increase of the flow rate is reflected more in changing river level than the flooded area.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.18520 The geomorphology constitutes a scientific branch who aims to study the relief forms, with special focus in the analysis of its genesis and evolution. About that, basing in the main theories over the existence of variety of relief forms (as Penck and Davis theories), Guerra and Guerra (2011) state that the simultaneous or alternating action of the internal and external forces over the surface are responsible for its irregularities. Thereafter, this set of forms presented by relief since its genesis until present day describe its development or evolution cycle. Based on the above and with special attention on the geomorphological studies of drainage basins, Horton (1945) attests his worrying about the lack of tools for adequate investigation of the level of relief development, judging that the researches so far were based fundamentally in qualitative aspects. So, in order to fix such questions, the mentioned author advises the use of quantitative tools for more incise studies over the level of relief development. In that way, the present paper aims to analyze the relief of Vieira river drainage basin through morphometric indices presented by Christofoletti (1980), having as fundamental base the studies of Horton (1945) and Strahler (1952 and 1957). In order to obtain the morphometric variables, in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, the altimetry data of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from SRTM mission were used as base. At end, the indexes indicated mainly that the Basin of Vieira River has relief predominantly between flat and wavy, with a drainage system weakly drained and erosive activity in stability stage.

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2016.16483 This paper discusses the coexistence relationships in small cities. It starts from a construction, the neighborhood, in its different senses and how that complex construction, sometimes, become an important space to people living there because they identifies and recognizes the resident, besides contributing to isolate and stigmatize other residents considered different, both for economical or, in a less comprehensible way, for the individual being a new coming resident of another neighborhood or another city. The settle down conflicts are of different orders, but not less violent than situations lived in larger cities. The non acceptance of a new resident is an aggression to the right to go and come of every citizen and sends to a question told by Armando Correa da Silva (1986), when we refer to the neighborhood or the city, “who’s the place’s owner?

The city of Brasília, federal capital of Brazil, has an conceptions and contradictions context implicated in his idealization, to the construction of its monuments, roads and urban planning. For decades, the city has expanded its borders, in both ways, symbolic and concrete, and currently represents the synthesis of a dialectical spatiality of the Brazilian population and its territory. These double feature, between the planned utopian and the historical and spatial realities of society, is the focal point of the present paper, seeking to develop such a reflection about Brasilia itself and on the political and ideological totality of which it is a part.

According to the literature, the current Latin America (neo)extractivist paradigm would differ from the neoliberal, “classic” extractive pattern due to the lower relative weight of foreign private capital and the appropiation by the State of a substantial piece of the surplus through several mechanisms (e.g. normative and institutional reforms, growth of pre-existent taxes, public enterprises’ creation, imposing export taxes, etc.). This paper critically examines such thesis and then empirically contrast them for the Argentinean case by analyzing the continuities and the ruptures suffered by the hydrocarbon pattern between the neoliberal period and the (neo)developmentalist or “progressivism” model. The article’s findings are paradoxal. On one hand, they show that the new legislation strengthened and completed the neoliberal reform and the public companies’ creation and the expropriation of privatized firms consolidated the foreign capital’s presence, reduced the National State participation on the hydrocarbon surplus and sharpened the social and environmental impacts of the model. On the other hand, the export taxes and the energetic subsidios policies have implied the enterprise risk’s socialization by transferring a millionaire mass of resources from the public treasury to the capital, as well as they heightened the situation of energy crisis.

Spatial differentiation is one of the main themes of Geography, present in all the long and contradictory development of his thought, under various philosophical perspectives. Treated often superficially, the idea of differentiation can serve as enriching element of the meaning of many geographical concepts and categories. From a critical perspective and a brief literature review, the aim of this paper is to discuss the process of spatial differentiation in contemporary cities, especially in cities located on the periphery of capitalism, where the appropriations of space conflicts is hard.

This paper is the first of three steps to identify the environmentally high-risk areas subject to accidents involving shipments of hazardous products routed through BR-101 Highway in the State of Alagoas. It addresses the integration of variables that directly define the areas that pose risk to accidents occurrence in which chemical products are transported. In addition to identify these areas, it seeks to understand their relationships with the accidents. The database used the 1:50,000 scale and was composed of four vector maps corresponding to rainfall intensity, sinuosity of the highway, concentration of pockets of wildfires, and potential fog. The data were converted to the raster structure allowing the integration in the QGIS software using a multicriteria analysis based on weighted average. The results showed that 42% of the analyzed area of 2,370.66 km² corresponds to the Medium Potential level, 31% to the Medium Potential and 27% to the Low Potential level. As a conclusion, the rainfall intensity and the sinuosity of the highway indices were the main parameters responsible for the determination of the stretches which present the highest degree of hazard.

As an essential activity within the economy of Costa Rica since the 1980s, tourism has contributed to the development of diverse communities throughout the country. Despite the importance of the tourist activity, many local governments have not implemented territorial planning instruments such as the regulatory plan, or at the sectoral level, plans such as those for tourism development to promote the progress of the activity.In order to support local communities in the implementation of tourism activities, this paper sets out as an objective to present a proposal for tourism planning for the communities of Isla de Chira, Corral de Piedra, and San Juan, located in the Gulf of Nicoya and the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. For this, a planning strategy is applied to allow delimiting tourist areas in those communities. Based on the analysis of the tourist system, the vocation of tourist resources is established, the tourist demand and offer are characterized, and the main actors associated with the activity in the area are identified to pinpoint the homogenizing elements of space that allow proposing areas for tourism planning.

Edvard Munch (Løten, 1863 - E Kelly, 1944), Antonin Artaud (Marseille 1896 - Paris 1948): two artists affected by physical and mental health issues. A relationship is established between them: each one, in a special way, invites the viewer to revise his/her understanding of death, melancholy and forces of nature. Sometimes this relationship is conveyed in the personal writings of Artaud, as well as in the similarities between his artworks and Munch’s ones, revealing the influence of this one upen the later. Later, Artaud’s interest in painting will become more clear. Artaud himself, besides being a poet, a playwright and an actor, will demonstrate, in his writings, an appreciation for the art of El Greco, Bosch, Lucas de Leyde, Bruegel and Goya. Our comparative study aims to analyze the process of intertextuality accompanying the work of Artaud throughout his life, which starts in his youth, when he observes and translates other media into his own art. This paper studies the biographical and artistic equivalence between both artists. Our work presents contributions to literary criticism of Antonin Artaud. Despite the existence of other studies relating Artaud’s proximity to painting, and Edward Munch’s ones, our view is an original approach, which has not been yet explored.

The present paper aims to inquire some questions related to the remark of the contradictory in the case of preventive detention after the invention of the law nº 12.403/11, trying especially to analyze the function of the custody hearing in this context, as a way of ensuring this right.

Doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2015.13452 In this paper Digital Elevation Models (DEM's) were generated using altimetry data from two sources; topographic maps at 1:50.000 scale and altimetry surveys with Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning at scale 1:10.000. The objective was investigate the dependence of the scale in determining the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) for a watershed plateau of Rio Grande do Sul, and evaluate the potential of this index discretize the levels of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of the soil. The effect of different resolutions on the spatial distribution of TWI was evaluated using descriptive statistics. The analysis of the carbon content and carbon stock in 57 soil sampling points, with the values of the topographic wetness index content was made by linear correlation. The results show that the use of DEMs created with altimetry data from low spatial resolution are inadequate to discretize the area most likely to reach the state of water saturation, mainly due to limitations of positional and vertical accuracy. The use of DEM's created with the best altimetry data, RTK, delimited satisfactorily to areas prone to water saturation. The correlation coefficients between TOC and carbon stock with the values generated by the TWI-RTK data were statistically significant, demonstrating the great potential of this index in the prediction of the carbon in the five layers of soil evaluated and the stock of C to 60 cm for the watershed studied.

This paper discusses the brazilian attorney's fees system, aiming to address the issues concerning, first, the viability (or not) of condemnation of the loser to compensate the winning party in the amount of the attorney's fees expedend by the winner, and also, second, the possibility of paying attorney's fees in favor of the public lawyers, in addition of his salary.