482 results on '"Uno, H."'
Search Results
2. Quadrupole Spin Echo Monitor for Gamma - Avalanche Launching.
- Author
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Kopvillem, Uno H. and Choodnovsky, Vladimir M.
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
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3. Tree canopy biodiversity in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: ecological and developmental observations of a new myxomycete species of Diachea.
- Author
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Keller, Harold W., Skrabal, Melissa, Eliasson, Uno H., and Gaither, Thomas W.
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CRYPTOGAMS ,MYXOMYCETES ,MACROFUNGI ,FUNGI ,PLANT species ,BIODIVERSITY ,PLANT morphology - Abstract
A survey and inventory of tree canopy biodiversity for cryptogams (myxomycetes, macrofungi, mosses, liverworts, lichens and ferns) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park resulted in the discovery of an undescribed myxomycete species. This taxon is classified in the order Physarales, family Didymiaceae and genus Diachea. A combination of morphological characteristics distinguishes Diachea arboricola H.W. Keller & M. Skrabal sp. nov. from all other species in the genus: peridium iridescent gold to silvery gray; stalk reddish orange above and whitish below, filled with crystals; capillitial threads stiff, dichotomously branched and arising from the tip of the columella; spore ornamentation uniformly covering the entire spore surface, appearing spiny with light microscopy, with scanning electron microscopy as vertical processes with capitate, clustered, spike-like tips. This type of spore ornamentation has not been found in any other Diachea species. Diachea arboricola is known only from the tree canopy, ranging in height from roughly 3 to 21 m, on three tree species, Fraxinus americana, Juniperus virginiana and Quercus alba. Observations of plasmodial growth and fruiting body development are described based on moist chamber cultures. Tree canopy observations in situ suggest that the plasmodium of this species migrates over extensive vertical areas of tree bark. Ecological factors are discussed that include pH of bark substrata. The species description is based on abundant sporangia from 17 different collections. A key to the species of Diachea is provided to aid in the identification of this taxon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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4. Conditional and Unconditional Treatment Effects in Randomized Clinical Trials: Estimands, Estimation, and Interpretation.
- Author
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Wei, Jiawei, Xu, Jiajun, Bornkamp, Björn, Lin, Ray, Tian, Hong, Xi, Dong, Zhang, Xin, Zhao, Ziqiang, and Roychoudhury, Satrajit
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- 2024
- Full Text
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5. The effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients with severe proteinuria: a single-center cohort study.
- Author
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Yaqi Cheng, Yuhao Liu, Liling Lin, Danni Li, Liying Peng, Ke Zheng, Jianling Tao, and Mingxi Li
- Subjects
DIABETIC nephropathies ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,PROTEINURIA ,CHRONIC kidney failure ,GLOMERULAR filtration rate ,DISEASE progression - Abstract
Aim: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) has been shown to substantially reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD); however, the effect of TwHF on renal outcomes in DKD remains unknown. Accordingly, we aimed to establish the effects of TwHF on renal outcomes in patients with DKD. Methods: Overall, 124 patients with DKD, induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus, with 24-h proteinuria > 2g, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate > 30mL/min/1.73 m² were retrospectively investigated. The renal outcomes were defined as doubling serum creatinine levels or end-stage kidney disease. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze prognostic factors for renal outcomes. Results: By the end of the follow-up, renal outcomes were observed in 23 and 11 patients in the non-TwHF and TwHF groups, respectively (p=0.006). TwHF significantly reduced the risk of renal outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.271, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.111–0.660, p=0.004) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) G3 (adjusted HR 0.274, 95%CI 0.081–0.932, p=0.039). Based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis, 1- and 3-year proportions of patients without renal outcomes were significantly lower in the non-TwHF group than those in the TwHF group (92.8% vs. 95.5% and 47.2% vs. 76.8%, respectively; p=0.0018). Conclusion: In DKD patients with severe proteinuria, TwHF could prevent DKD progression, especially in patients with CKD G3. A randomized clinical trial is needed to elucidate the benefits of TwHF on renal outcomes in patients with DKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Quantifying the distribution and potential biotic interactions between deer and flora using species distribution modelling.
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O'Mahony, J., Vanmechelen, A., and Holloway, P.
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SPECIES distribution ,FALLOW deer ,DEER ,WILDLIFE conservation ,BOTANY ,ENDANGERED plants ,SIKA deer ,RED deer - Abstract
Invasive species are ranked as one of the leading drivers of global biodiversity loss. To mitigate their impact, we must understand the future risks caused by invasive species, particularly to flora of conservation concern. Here we used species distribution modelling (SDM) to project the current and future (RCP45 and RCP85 2050) distributions of four deer species and 13 plant species of conservation concern for the island of Ireland, quantifying changes in distributions and overlap. Large areas of suitable habitat for the deer species were predicted with high accuracy across all counties, with future climate scenarios identifying an expansion in sika deer distributions and a decrease in muntjac and fallow deer distributions. Red deer declined under the moderate climate change scenario but increased under the worst-case projection. Future projections predicted the (local) extinction of six (out of 13) endangered and vulnerable plant species. An expansion in distributions was observed for four plant species; however, these areas had large overlap with the future predictions of deer, placing further pressures on these plant species. These findings suggest that targeted conservation and management measures are required to alleviate the pressures on 'at-risk' plant species due to grazing from native and non-native deer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Best subset selection with shrinkage: sparse additive hazards regression with the grouping effect.
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Zhang, Jie, Li, Yang, and Yu, Qin
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SUBSET selection ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,HAZARDS ,ADDITIVES - Abstract
Sparse modeling plays a ubiquitous role in modern statistical regression. In particular, high-dimensional survival analysis has drawn a lot of attention as a result of the popularity of microarray studies involving survival data. In this paper, we focus on a scenario where predictors are strongly correlated, also known as grouping effect, which is highly desirable when analysing high-dimensional microarray data. To perform simultaneous variable selection and estimation under this circumstance, we propose the l 2 -regularized best-subsets estimator under the framework of additive hazards models based on a polynomial algorithm for the best subset selection. Moreover, we establish comprehensive statistical properties, including oracle inequalities under estimation loss for the proposed estimator. The proposed method is demonstrated by simulation studies and illustrated by a real data example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Gestational protein restriction alters early amygdala neurochemistry in male offspring.
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Torres, Daniele B., Lopes, Agnes, Rodrigues, Ana J., Lopes, Marcelo G., Ventura-Silva, Ana P., Sousa, Nuno, Gontijo, José A.R., and Boer, Patricia A.
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AMYGDALOID body ,NEUROCHEMISTRY ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,BIRTH weight ,EMBRYOLOGY ,PROTEIN receptors ,LABORATORY rodents - Abstract
Gestational protein intake restriction-induced long-lasting harmful outcomes in the offspring's organs and systems. However, few studies have focused on this event's impact on the brain's structures and neurochemical compounds. The present study investigated the effects on the amygdala neurochemical composition and neuronal structure in gestational protein-restricted male rats' offspring. Dams were maintained on isocaloric standard rodent laboratory chow with regular protein [NP, 17%] or low protein content [LP, 6%]. Total cells were quantified using the Isotropic fractionator method, Neuronal 3D reconstruction, and dendritic tree analysis using the Golgi–Cox technique. Western blot and high-performance liquid chromatography performed neurochemical studies. The gestational low-protein feeding offspring showed a significant decrease in birth weight up to day 14, associated with unaltered brain weight in youth or adult progenies. The amygdala cell numbers were unchanged, and the dendrites length and dendritic ramifications 3D analysis in LP compared to age-matched NP progeny. However, the current study shows reduced amygdala content of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in LP progeny. These offspring observed a significant reduction in the amygdala glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptor protein levels. Also corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) amygdala protein content was reduced in 7 and 14-day-old LP rats. The observed amygdala neurochemical changes may represent adaptation during embryonic development in response to elevated fetal exposure to maternal corticosteroid levels. In this way, gestational malnutrition stress can alter the amygdala's neurochemical content and may contribute to known behavioral changes induced by gestational protein restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. "Mango in all her majesty"—the potential of mangiferin and its analogues in the inhibition of Eimeria tenella hexokinase—a computational approach.
- Author
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Paul-Odeniran, Kehinde F., Odeniran, Paul O., Ademola, Isaiah O., and Kumalo, Hezekiel
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- 2023
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10. Gastric dysmotility and gastrointestinal symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
- Author
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Steinsvik, Elisabeth K., Hausken, Trygve, Fluge, Øystein, Mella, Olav, and Gilja, Odd Helge
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CHRONIC fatigue syndrome ,IRRITABLE colon ,GASTROINTESTINAL motility ,VISCERAL pain - Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in ME/CFS, but there is a knowledge gap in the literature concerning gastrointestinal motility features and detailed symptom description. In this study, we aimed to characterize gastric motility and gastric symptoms in response to a liquid meal. We included 20 patients with ME/CFS with abdominal complaints who were recruited to a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of Rituximab. The patients of this sub study were examined with an ultrasound drink test, and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated using the Rome III questionnaire and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) questionnaire. We found that patients commonly reported fullness/bloating (75%), abdominal pain (45%) and nausea (35%). Ultrasound measurements revealed lower proximal measurements of the stomach after a meal (p < 0.01) and larger fasting antral area (p = 0.019) compared to healthy controls. The patients had a stronger symptomatic response to the liquid meal compared to healthy controls regarding epigastric pain, discomfort and nausea (p < 0.05). Ninety percent of the patients reported bowel movement frequencies within the normal range but scored high on bowel habit dissatisfaction and life disruption. The patients presented with fullness/bloating, nausea and epigastric pain, showed signs of impaired gastric accommodation and visceral hypersensitivity, showing that the gastrointestinal symptoms of ME/CFS patients are similar to functional dyspepsia. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in ME/CFS, but there is a knowledge gap in the literature concerning gastrointestinal motility features and detailed symptom description. • In this study, patients with ME/CFS had signs of impaired gastric accommodation after a liquid meal. • Out of 20 patients, 15 patients reported fullness/bloating, 9 reported abdominal pain, and 7 reported nausea. The patients showed signs of visceral hypersensitivity on a drink test. • Our findings suggest that patients with ME/CFS share many similarities with patients with Functional Dyspepsia. The findings were not typical for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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11. A General Framework for Identifying Hierarchical Interactions and Its Application to Genomics Data.
- Author
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Zhang, Xiao, Shi, Xingjie, Liu, Yiming, Liu, Xu, and Ma, Shuangge
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OPTIMIZATION algorithms ,GENOMICS ,DATA analysis ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,HIERARCHICAL clustering (Cluster analysis) - Abstract
The analysis of hierarchical interactions has long been a challenging problem due to the large number of candidate main effects and interaction effects, and the need for accommodating the "main effects, interactions" hierarchy. The two-stage analysis methods enjoy simplicity and low computational cost, but contradict the fact that the outcome of interest is attributable to the joint effects of multiple main factors and their interactions. The existing joint analysis methods can accurately describe the underlying data generating process, but suffer from prohibitively high computational cost. And it is not straightforward to extend their optimization algorithms to general loss functions. To address this need, we develop a new computational method that is much faster than the existing joint analysis methods and rivals the runtimes of two-stage analysis. The proposed method, HierFabs , adopts the framework of the forward and backward stagewise algorithm and enjoys computational efficiency and broad applicability. To accommodate hierarchy without imposing additional constraints, it has newly developed forward and backward steps. It naturally accommodates the strong and weak hierarchy, and makes optimization much simpler and faster than in the existing studies. Optimality of HierFabs sequences is investigated theoretically. Simulations show that it outperforms the existing methods. The analysis of TCGA data on melanoma demonstrates its competitive practical performance. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Changes in frequency of cannabis use among people with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-methods study to explore the underlying reasons for change.
- Author
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Parisi, Christina E., Wang, Yan, Varma, Deepthi S., Vaddiparti, Krishna, Ibañez, Gladys E., Cruz Carrillo, Liset, and Cook, Robert L.
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COVID-19 pandemic ,HIV-positive persons ,COMPLICATED grief ,MENTAL depression ,THEMATIC analysis ,AFRICAN Americans - Abstract
Background: People with HIV (PWH) report higher rates of cannabis use than the general population. It is unclear how cannabis use among PWH has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the implications for the health and wellbeing of PWH. Objectives: To describe changes in frequency of cannabis use among a sample of PWH during the pandemic, reasons for those changes, and implications of the findings. Methods: The data are cross-sectional and come from questions asked in a follow-up phone survey administered to a prospective cohort of PWH in Florida between May 2020 and March 2021. Participants who used cannabis were asked about changes in their frequency of cannabis use in a quantitative survey and reasons for changes in a qualitative open-ended question. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Among 227 PWH (mean age 50, 50% men, 69% Black/African American, 14% Hispanic/Latino), 13% decreased frequency of cannabis, 11% increased frequency, and 76% reported no change. The most common reasons for increasing frequency of cannabis use were reducing anxiety/stress, trying to relax, coping with grief or reducing symptoms of depression, and reducing boredom during the pandemic. Supply or access issues, health concerns, and having already wanted to reduce cannabis use were common reasons for decreased frequency. Conclusion: Nearly 25% of the sample changed their cannabis use frequency during the pandemic. These findings shed light on the behaviors and motivations of PWH who use cannabis and can inform clinical practice and interventions during public health emergencies and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced gastroesophageal cancer based on characteristics: a meta-analysis.
- Author
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Liu, Wenjie, Huo, Gengwei, and Chen, Peng
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- 2023
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14. From Logic-Respecting Efficacy Estimands to Logic-Ensuring Analysis Principle for Time-to-Event Endpoint in Randomized Clinical Trials with Subgroups.
- Author
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Liu, Yi, Yang, Miao, Kil, Siyoen, Li, Jiang, Mondal, Shoubhik, Shentu, Yue, Tian, Hong, Wang, Liwei, and Yung, Godwin
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- 2023
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15. Beyond the Cox Hazard Ratio: A Targeted Learning Approach to Survival Analysis in a Cardiovascular Outcome Trial Application.
- Author
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Chen, David, Petersen, Maya L., Rytgaard, Helene Charlotte, Grøn, Randi, Lange, Theis, Rasmussen, Søren, Pratley, Richard E., Marso, Steven P., Kvist, Kajsa, Buse, John, and van der Laan, Mark J.
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- 2023
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16. Power and Sample Size Calculations for the Restricted Mean Time Analysis of Prioritized Composite Endpoints.
- Author
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Mao, Lu
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- 2023
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17. Assessing the damage caused by deer on young trees in a Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantation based on field signs.
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Yamagawa, Hiromi, Kitahara, Fumiaki, Otani, Tatsuya, Yoneda, Reiji, Suzuki, Kei K, and Nomiya, Haruto
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- 2023
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18. The response mechanism and testing method of the rock elastic modulus while drilling.
- Author
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Bei Jiang, Fenglin Ma, Hongke Gao, Qi Wang, Songlin Cai, Chong Zhang, Zhenguo Bian, and Guangjie Liu
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- 2024
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19. The effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients with severe proteinuria: a single-center cohort study.
- Author
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Cheng, Yaqi, Liu, Yuhao, Lin, Liling, Li, Danni, Peng, Liying, Zheng, Ke, Tao, Jianling, and Li, Mingxi
- Subjects
DIABETIC nephropathies ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,PROTEINURIA ,CHRONIC kidney failure ,GLOMERULAR filtration rate ,DISEASE progression - Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) has been shown to substantially reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD); however, the effect of TwHF on renal outcomes in DKD remains unknown. Accordingly, we aimed to establish the effects of TwHF on renal outcomes in patients with DKD. Overall, 124 patients with DKD, induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus, with 24-h proteinuria > 2 g, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate > 30 mL/min/1.73 m
2 were retrospectively investigated. The renal outcomes were defined as doubling serum creatinine levels or end-stage kidney disease. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze prognostic factors for renal outcomes. By the end of the follow-up, renal outcomes were observed in 23 and 11 patients in the non-TwHF and TwHF groups, respectively (p = 0.006). TwHF significantly reduced the risk of renal outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.271, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.111–0.660, p = 0.004) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) G3 (adjusted HR 0.274, 95%CI 0.081–0.932, p = 0.039). Based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis, 1- and 3-year proportions of patients without renal outcomes were significantly lower in the non-TwHF group than those in the TwHF group (92.8% vs. 95.5% and 47.2% vs. 76.8%, respectively; p = 0.0018). In DKD patients with severe proteinuria, TwHF could prevent DKD progression, especially in patients with CKD G3. A randomized clinical trial is needed to elucidate the benefits of TwHF on renal outcomes in patients with DKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Bi-directional implementation of multiple-slider surface bearing to girder bridges: simplified 3-D modelling and seismic performance assessment.
- Author
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He, Xinhao and Igarashi, Akira
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BRIDGE bearings ,PIERS ,GROUND motion ,SEISMIC response ,CONTINUOUS bridges ,GIRDERS - Abstract
The uplifting slide shoe (UPSS) bearing, consisting of multiple sliding surfaces, is a new type of bearing which has been proposed to achieve reduced displacement under strong earthquakes without losing advantage of the slide bearing to deal with the thermal effects on bridges girders. In the present study, bi-directional implementation of the UPSS devices is proposed to achieve effectiveness in controlling the bi-directional seismic response of girder bridges induced by bi-directional ground motions. A simplified multi-spring model of the bi-directional UPSS, considering the coupling effect of the friction mechanism and the geometric contact condition of the slider, is established to assess the bi-directional bridge response including the integrated nonlinear interaction between the longitudinal and transverse components. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the bi-directional UPSS is effective in reducing the pier response in the transverse direction compared with the conventional UPSS. The seismic performance of the bridge with the application of the bi-directional UPSS is shown to be superior to that of the functionally discrete bearing (FDB) systems in effectively reducing both the bearing displacement and the pier response ductility factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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21. High on Hookah: Smoking Marijuana from a Hookah among Adults in the United States, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2015–2019.
- Author
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Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad, Jebai, Rime, Li, Wei, Gautam, Prem, Osibogun, Olatokunbo, Alqahtani, Mohammed M., Ward, Kenneth D, Behaleh, Raed, Bursac, Zoran, and Ben Taleb, Ziyad
- Subjects
CANNABIS (Genus) ,SMOKING - Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the trend and factors associated with smoking marijuana from a hookah device among US adults. Methods: Data were drawn from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, an ongoing nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of the US population. Adult respondents who self-reported ever smoking marijuana from a hookah at Wave 5 (2018–19, N = 34,279 US adults) were included in the multivariable analysis. Trend analysis also was conducted using National Cancer Institute JoinPoint software from 2015 to 2019. Results: In 2018–19, an estimated 23.6 million (9.7%) US adults reported ever smoking marijuana from a hookah. Trend analysis showed the increasing prevalence of using marijuana from a hookah device from Wave 3 (8.9%) to Wave 5 (9.7%; time trend p =.007). Adults aged 25–44 years old (vs. 18–24; 13%, vs. 9%), whites (vs. Black; 11% vs. 9%), and lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB vs. straight; 17% vs. 9%) were more likely to report ever smoking marijuana from a hookah (p
s <.05). Former and current users (vs. never users) of e-cigarettes (19% and 25% vs. 5%), cigarettes (11% and 21% vs. 2%), cigars (17% and 27% vs. 3%), and pipes (21% and 33% vs. 7%) and past 30-day blunt users (vs. non-users; 39% vs. 9%) were more likely to ever smoke marijuana from a hookah (ps <.05). Pregnant women (vs. non-pregnant; 12.8% vs. 8.6%; p = 0.03) were more likely to smoke marijuana from a hookah. Conclusions: Smoking marijuana from a hookah device is prevalent among young adults in the US, especially among vulnerable populations, and has increased significantly from 2015–2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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22. The combined use of D-dimer testing and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the early differential diagnosis of aortic dissection.
- Author
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Zhang, Haixia, Hou, Min, Yuan, Ning, Guo, Jie, Guo, Zhigang, and Chen, Qingliang
- Abstract
The study aimed to ascertain whether a diagnostic strategy combining D-dimer with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could improve the discriminative performance for aortic dissection (AD). Baseline levels of D-dimer and NLR were measured in patients suspected of AD. The diagnostic performance and clinical usefulness of D-dimer, NLR, and their combination were assessed and compared using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, logistic regression analysis, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). The levels of D-dimer and NLR were both significantly higher in AD patients. The combined use displayed good discriminatory performance with an area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.869, which was preferable to that of D-dimer. Although no meaningful improvement was found in the AUC by comparison with NLR alone, the combined use could significantly improve the discrimination power with a continuous NRI of 60.0% and an IDI of 4.9%. DCA demonstrated that the net benefit of the combined use was preferred over that of either single test. The combined use of D-dimer and NLR could improve the discriminatory efficiency for AD with the potential in clinical application. This study may provide a novel diagnostic strategy for AD. More studies need to be done to confirm the findings of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
23. Combined Tests Based on Restricted Mean Time Lost for Competing Risks Data.
- Author
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Lyu, Jingjing, Hou, Yawen, and Chen, Zheng
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- 2023
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24. Composite Endpoints in Cardio-Renal Clinical Outcome Trials.
- Author
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Hung, H. M. James and Lawrence, John
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- 2023
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25. Robust Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials With Nonproportional Hazards: A Straw Man Guidance From a Cross-Pharma Working Group.
- Author
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Roychoudhury, Satrajit, Anderson, Keaven M, Ye, Jiabu, and Mukhopadhyay, Pralay
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- 2023
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26. Review of cognitive-behavioural approaches for school absenteeism in Japan.
- Author
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Yamada, Tatsuto, Sato, Aya, So, Yugan, Kobayashi, Kana, and Fujii, Yashushi
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PROFESSIONAL peer review ,SOCIAL support ,JOB absenteeism ,SCHOOLS ,RESEARCH funding ,ELEMENTARY schools ,COGNITIVE therapy ,HIGH school students - Abstract
This study reviewed the literature on psycho-social treatments for reducing school absenteeism in Japan, particularly focussing on those featuring a cognitive-behavioural approach. To extract studies, we screened journals published by 52 academic societies that are members of the Union of the Japanese Psychological Association and reviewed relevant peer-reviewed papers. We consequently analysed 31 cases: 21 elementary school students and 10 junior high school students. We found that to effectively address school absenteeism in Japan, cognitive-behavioural approaches should feature a combination of two or more behavioural techniques. These findings may help Japanese practitioners, such as school counsellors, explain to clients the benefits of choosing cognitive-behavioural approaches, as well as the prospects for support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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27. Schiff Base Based Metal Complexes: A Review of Their Catalytic Activity on Aldol and Henry Reaction.
- Author
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Mondal, Keshab and Mistri, Soumen
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SCHIFF bases ,CATALYTIC activity ,METAL complexes ,TRANSITION metal complexes ,NITROALDOL reactions ,ALDOL condensation ,ALDOLS - Abstract
Over the last few years, many Schiff base complexes of metal ions have exhibited substantial catalytic activity in various reactions such as oxidation, Henry reaction, hydroxylation, aldol condensation, and epoxidation. The literature survey shows that, over the past few years, there have been few reports on the catalytic aldol and Henry reaction where Schiff base-based metal complexes act as homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis. This review reorganizes the various transition metal Schiff base complexes as well as chiral Schiff base metal complexes, which have potential application in catalytic activity on aldol and Henry reaction. Schiff bases are an important class of chelating ligands due to its coordination tendency and their complexes exhibit a wide range of applications in various fields like anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, magnetism, luminescence, conductivity, sensing, catalytic, and so on. This review mainly focuses on the catalytic activities of Schiff base ligands and their transition metal complexes to the aldol and Henry reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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28. Synthesis of 4,8-dimethoxy-1-naphthol via an acetyl migration.
- Author
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Zhang, Qijing, Dong, Jinyun, Cui, Qing, Li, Shaoshun, and Cui, Jiahua
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NAPHTHOL ,ACETYL group ,CHEMICAL yield ,DIOXANE ,SOLVENTS - Abstract
Based on acetyl migration, an efficient synthesis of 4,8-dimethoxy-1-naphthol(1)has been achieved with high overall yield. Compared with the reported method, there were several advantages. First, the reaction conditions were mild. Second, the workup of each step was much simpler. Third, juglone as the starting material in the synthesis was readily available. The solvent and reaction temperature greatly influenced the migration process. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
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29. Current evidence on the use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm: a systematic review.
- Author
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Baysal, Mehmet, Bayrak, Meltem, and Eşkazan, Ahmet Emre
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- 2023
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30. Molecular profiles of different PD-L1 expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
- Author
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Songchen Zhao, Xintong Hu, Peiwen Zhou, Ang Li, Liguo Chen, Duo Wang, Jiaxue He, and Yanfang Jiang
- Subjects
GENE expression ,SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma ,PROGRAMMED death-ligand 1 ,GENETIC profile ,BRCA genes - Abstract
Background: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are approved treatments for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The present investigation aspired to explore the interrelation between molecular phenotype and PD-L1 expression in ESCC. Methods: PD-L1 testing and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed on tumoral tissues from 139 ESCC patients. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were scrutinized using a tyramide signal amplification system combined with immunohistochemistry. Results: Among enrolled patients, 36.7% displayed high PD-L1 expression (combined positive score [CPS] ≥10). BRCA1 and NF1 gene mutations were significantly associated with high PD-L1 expression (p < .05) while TGFβ pathway alterations were linked to low PD-L1 expression (p = .02). High copy number instability (CNI) and copy number alterations (CNA) were correlated with low PD-L1 expression. Patients with CDKN2A deletion exhibited higher PD-L1 expression. Varying types of TILs were observed across different PD-L1 expression groups. The ratio of CD8
+ PD-L1+ T cells and CD8+ PD-1+ T cells to CD8+ T cells remained comparable in both tumoral and stromal regions, but the ratio of CD68+ PD-L1+ macrophages to CD68+ macrophages was higher than the ratio of CD68+ PD-1+ macrophages to CD68+ macrophages. CPS was significantly correlated with PD-L1+ lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages in the tumoral region. CD8+ T cell infiltration was positively correlated with PD-1+ cells in both tumoral and stromal regions. Conclusion: In this study, we presented the prevalence rates of PD-L1 expression in Chinese ESCC patients. The association of genetic profiles with PD-L1 expression levels also provide the clue that genomic phenotype may interact with the immunologic phenotype in ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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31. The effect of marital status on the survival of patients with multiple myeloma.
- Author
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Tang, Lina, Pan, Zhenyu, and Zhang, Xiaoxia
- Subjects
MULTIPLE myeloma ,MARITAL status ,OVERALL survival ,MONOCLONAL gammopathies ,POLYGAMY ,PROPENSITY score matching - Abstract
To investigate the impact of marriage on multiple myeloma (MM) survival, and the role of factors such as age, sex, and income in this relationship. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was searched for eligible MM patients between 2007 and 2016. We compared overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) differences by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OS and CSS were estimated by Cox regression models. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to minimize the covariates differences between married and unmarried group. This study identified 48,952 eligible patients diagnosed with MM, comprising 29,607 married patients, 5,147 divorced/separated patients, 6,851 single patients, and 7,347 widowed patients. Married MM patients were found to be an independent protective prognostic factor for OS and CSS (all P < 0.001). The survival advantage of marriage still remained in 1:1 matched-pair analysis. The stratified analysis further revealed that the OS and CSS was poorer in unmarried than married MM patients across different age of diagnosis, sex, income, race, and period of diagnosis subgroups (all P < 0.05). The beneficial effect of marriage on the survival of MM was particularly prominent in younger (<65 years) patients, males, higher income patients, non-Hispanic whites, and more recent years. Married patients with MM tend to have better OS and CSS likely due to their higher income, education level, insurance and receipt of chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Comparison of oral minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride for treating androgenetic alopecia.
- Author
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Gupta, Aditya K., Talukder, Mesbah, and Williams, Greg
- Subjects
MINOXIDIL ,FINASTERIDE ,ALOPECIA areata ,OFF-label use (Drugs) ,BALDNESS ,HAIR growth - Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss, often challenging to treat. While oral finasteride (1 mg/d) is an FDA-approved treatment for male AGA, oral minoxidil and oral dutasteride are not approved yet. However, clinicians have been increasingly using these two drugs off-label for hair loss. Recently, Japan and South Korea have approved oral dutasteride (0.5 mg/d) for male AGA. A probable efficacy ranking, in decreasing order, is – dutasteride 0.5 mg/d, finasteride 5 mg/d, minoxidil 5 mg/d, finasteride 1 mg/d, followed by minoxidil 0.25 mg/d. Oral minoxidil predominantly causes hypertrichosis and cardiovascular system (CVS) symptoms/signs in a dose-dependent manner, whereas oral finasteride and dutasteride are associated with sexual dysfunction and neuropsychiatric side effects. The average plasma half-lives of minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride are ∼4 h, ∼4.5 h, and ∼5 weeks, respectively. Minoxidil acts through multiple pathways to promote hair growth. It has been shown as a vasodilator, an anti-inflammatory agent, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inducer, and an antiandrogen. Finasteride inhibits 5α-reductase (5AR) type II isoenzyme, while dutasteride inhibits both type I and type II. Thus, dutasteride suppresses DHT levels more than finasteride in the serum and scalp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Synthetic methodologies for the construction of selenium-containing heterocycles: a review.
- Author
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Saeed, Sadaf, Zahoor, Ameer Fawad, Ahmad, Matloob, Anjum, Muhammad Naveed, Akhtar, Rabia, and Shahzadi, Irum
- Subjects
HETEROCYCLIC compounds ,SOLAR cells ,SELENIUM ,PHOTOELECTRIC cells ,GLASS industry - Abstract
Selenium-containing heterocycles play a pivotal role to construct a variety of pharmaceutically important molecules. They are also extensively used in the glass industry as well as to make different types of solar cells and photocells. Moreover, their extensive applications in multiple organic reactions due to their remarkable reactivity make them an interesting subject of research for scientists. Therefore, a variety of synthetic protocols for selenium-based molecules have been described mainly from 2010 to 2021 which have been compiled in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Transplantation provides superior survival high risk myeloid malignancies in older patients.
- Author
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Ustun, Celalettin, Warlick, Erica, Nathan, Sunita, Burns, Linda J., and Weisdorf, Daniel
- Subjects
OLDER patients ,FLUDARABINE ,BUSULFAN ,CORD blood transplantation - Abstract
Transplant Referral Patterns for Patients (Pts) with Newly Diagnosed (ND) Higher-Risk (HR) Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), and European Leukemianet (ELN) 2010 Intermediate-Risk (IR) or Adverse-Risk (AR) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in the Connect® MDS/AML Registry Transplant Cell Ther. Disease-free survival in patients with MDS (A, reported by Nakamura et al. [[3]]) and patients with AML (B, reported by Ustun et al. [[5]]) is superior after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation compared with no transplantation. In older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), reluctance to refer patients for consideration of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) still remains in some spheres. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Survival Regression with Accelerated Failure Time Model in XGBoost.
- Author
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Barnwal, Avinash, Cho, Hyunsu, and Hocking, Toby
- Subjects
COMPUTER performance ,COMMUNITIES ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Survival regression is used to estimate the relation between time-to-event and feature variables, and is important in application domains such as medicine, marketing, risk management, and sales management. Nonlinear tree based machine learning algorithms as implemented in libraries such as XGBoost, scikit-learn, LightGBM, and CatBoost are often more accurate in practice than linear models. However, existing state-of-the-art implementations of tree-based models have offered limited support for survival regression. In this work, we implement loss functions for learning accelerated failure time (AFT) models in XGBoost, to increase the support for survival modeling for different kinds of label censoring. We demonstrate with real and simulated experiments the effectiveness of AFT in XGBoost with respect to a number of baselines, in two respects: generalization performance and training speed. Furthermore, we take advantage of the support for NVIDIA GPUs in XGBoost to achieve substantial speedup over multi-core CPUs. To our knowledge, our work is the first implementation of AFT that uses the processing power of NVIDIA GPUs. Starting from the 1.2.0 release, the XGBoost package natively supports the AFT model. The addition of AFT in XGBoost has had significant impact in the open source community, and a few statistics packages now use the XGBoost AFT model. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Time-dependent seismic reliability of isolated bridges considering ageing deterioration of lead rubber bearings.
- Author
-
Matsuzaki, Hiroshi
- Subjects
RUBBER bearings ,SEISMIC response ,GROUND motion ,SURFACE fault ruptures ,FAILURE mode & effects analysis ,COLUMNS - Abstract
Seismic isolation is an effective technology for mitigating the seismic damage to bridges. However, rupture and large cracks of laminated rubber bearings, including lead rubber bearings, have occurred at several bridges during recent earthquakes. Preventing the rupture of seismic isolators by considering uncertainties and variations in the mechanical properties due to ageing deterioration can improve the ductility capacity of the bridge systems when subjected to extreme ground motions. This study presents a time-dependent seismic reliability assessment methodology for isolated bridges that considers long-term ageing deterioration of lead rubber bearings. The effects of capacity hierarchy between the isolator and the column, as well as the ageing deterioration of isolators on the seismic reliability and the predominant ultimate failure mode were clarified. It was found that the effect of ageing deterioration of lead rubber bearings on seismic reliability is relatively smaller than that of the difference in seismic hazards at different sites. Furthermore, the seismic safety of isolated bridges can be significantly improved by setting an adequate capacity hierarchy between the isolator and the column, as it can prevent the rupture of the isolator under extreme ground motions considering the ageing deterioration of the isolator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Using Surrogate Endpoints in Adaptive Designs with Delayed Treatment Effect.
- Author
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Li, Qing, Lin, Jianchang, Liu, Mengya, Wu, Liwen, and Liu, Yingying
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Emotional and behavioural problems of children with autism spectrum disorder attending mainstream schools.
- Author
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Hastings, Stephanie E., Hastings, Richard P., Swales, Michaela A., and Hughes, J. Carl
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A nonparametric approach to confidence intervals for concordance index and difference between correlated indices.
- Author
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Zou, Guangyong, Smith, Emma, and Jairath, Vipul
- Subjects
FISHER information ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INFERENTIAL statistics ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves - Abstract
Concordance refers to the probability that subjects with high values on one variable also have high values on another variable. This index has wide application in practice, as a measure of effect size in group-comparison studies, an index of accuracy in diagnostic studies, and a discrimination index for prediction models. Herein, we provide a unified framework for statistical inference involving concordance indices for standard variables of binary, ordinal, and continuous types. In particular, we develop confidence interval procedures for a single concordance index and differences between two correlated indices. Simulation results show that procedures based on logit-transformation for a single index and Fisher's z -transformation for a difference between indices perform very well in terms of coverage and tail errors even when the sample size is as small as 30, unless the concordance is high and the standard is a binary variable for which at least 50 subjects are needed. We illustrate the procedures for a variety of standard variables with previously published data. Illustrative SAS code is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Developments in the electrochemical synthesis of thia-heterocycles.
- Author
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Swaroop, Toreshettahally R., Shivaprasad, Chalya M., Preetham, Ramesh, Sadashiva, Maralinganadoddi P., and Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S.
- Subjects
SULFUR ,ORGANIC synthesis - Abstract
We present a review on the synthesis of thia-heterocycles by use of electro-organic methods since its establishment. The research articles are classified as intramolecular and intermolecular cyclization reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A nonparametric statistical method for two crossing survival curves.
- Author
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Huang, Xinghui, Lyu, Jingjing, Hou, Yawen, and Chen, Zheng
- Subjects
SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,FALSE positive error ,LOG-rank test ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,ERROR rates ,INFERENTIAL statistics ,RELIABILITY in engineering - Abstract
In comparative research on time-to-event data for two groups, when two survival curves cross each other, it may be difficult to use the log-rank test and hazard ratio (HR) to properly assess the treatment benefit. Our aim was to identify a method for evaluating the treatment benefits for two groups in the above situation. We quantified treatment benefits based on an intuitive measure called the area between two survival curves (ABS), which is a robust measure of treatment benefits in clinical trials regardless of whether the proportional hazards assumption is violated or two survival curves cross each other. Additionally, we propose a permutation test based on the ABS, and we evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of this test with simulated data. The ABS permutation test is a robust statistical inference method with an acceptable type I error rate and superior power to detect differences in treatment effects, especially when the proportional hazards assumption is violated. The ABS can be used to intuitively quantify treatment differences over time and provide reliable conclusions in complicated situations, such as crossing survival curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Integrase inhibitor-based regimens are related to favorable systemic inflammatory index and platecrit scores in people living with HIV (PLWH) up to 2 years.
- Author
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Şahin, Ezgi Aysu, Mavi, Deniz, Kara, Emre, Sönmezer, Meliha Çağla, İnkaya, Ahmet Çağkan, and Ünal, Serhat
- Subjects
INTEGRASE inhibitors ,HIV-positive persons ,NON-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ,MEAN platelet volume ,HEALTH facilities ,PLATELET lymphocyte ratio - Abstract
Despite the advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART), persistent inflammation remained a challenge. We analyzed the inflammatory-score changes through 2-years in people living with HIV (PLWH) treated with different antiretroviral regimes. This study was conducted in Hacettepe University HIV/AIDS Treatment and Research Center. PLWH diagnosed between 2014 and 2020 were included. Inflammatory and metabolic markers (CD4/CD8 ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP), Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platecrite (PCT), and Low-Density Lipoprotein/High-Density Lipoprotein (LDL/HDL), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and ARTs were captured from database through 2-years from the diagnosis. The 2-year change (Δ) in markers was calculated and compared by ART type (backbone and 3rd agent). Mann-Whitney-U test and T-test were used for statistical analysis. This study included 205 PLWH; 175 (85.4%) were male, and the mean age was 38.98 (±10.88) years. The number of PLWH with suppressed viremia (<40 HIV-RNA copies/ml) was 164 (80%) at the end of the second year. MPV increased significantly higher among PLWH receiving ABC/3TC compared to PLWH receiving TDF/FTC (p < 0.05). The CD4:CD8 ratio increased, and SII, NLR, LDL/HDL ratios decreased significantly among PLWH treated with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) compared with protease inhibitors (PI) and Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) (p < 0.05). Integrase inhibitor treatment is related to favorable inflammatory marker profile among PLWH in the 2-year follow-up. A favorable inflammatory profile may, in turn, contribute to the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCD) among PLWH. This study showed that simple, easy-to-calculate markers could be implemented to define ongoing inflammation among PLWH under suppressive ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Development of a nanotechnological hydrogel containing desonide nanocapsules in association with acai oil: design and in vivo evaluation.
- Author
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Rosa, Priscila, Friedrich, Mariane Lago, dos Santos, Juliana, Pegoraro, Natháli Schopf, Camponogara, Camila, Oliveira, Sara Marchesan, da Silva, Cristiane de Bona, and Adams, Andréa Inês Horn
- Subjects
NANOCAPSULES ,TOPICAL drug administration ,SKIN inflammation ,CORTICOSTEROIDS ,DERMIS - Abstract
Nanotechnological products have been used as strategies to optimize the therapy and minimize the side effects of topical corticoids. The objective of this study was to develop hydrogels by the addition of sclerotium gum to the suspensions of desonide-loaded açai oil-based nanocapsules and to study their biological effect using an animal model of acute skin inflammation. The hydrogels presented a pH compatible with topical application (4.4 to 5.0), nanometric mean diameter (131 to 165 nm), pseudoplastic behavior, and stability under room conditions during 30 days. The in vitro skin permeation/penetration study demonstrated that a higher amount of desonide (p < 0.05) was retained in the epidermis from the nanotechnological-hydrogels (0.33 to 0.36 µg.cm
2 ) in comparison to the commercial gel cream (0.16 µg.cm2 ). In the dermis, the nanostructured hydrogels promoted a lower DES retention compared to the non-nanostructured formulations (p < 0.05). This result may indicate a smaller amount of drug reaching the bloodstream and, thus, fewer side effects can be expected. Concerning the anti-inflammatory effect, the developed hydrogels reduced both ear edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, showing an effect comparable to the commercially available formulation, which presents twice the drug concentration. The hydrogels developed may be considered a promising approach to treat dermatological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Elasto-plastic behavior of the Fontainebleau sandstone based on a refined continuous strain deviation approach.
- Author
-
Zeng, T., Liu, Z. B., Jia, C. J., and Yao, Y.
- Subjects
POISSON'S ratio ,SANDSTONE ,AXIAL stresses ,CRACK closure ,HYPERBOLIC functions ,ELASTOPLASTICITY - Abstract
The elasto-plastic behavior of the Fontainebleau sandstone is studied from experimental and numerical points of view on the basis of a series of conventional triaxial compression tests. Five distinct stages of the axial strain curve are quantified in terms of four stress thresholds (crack closure stress σ
cc , crack initiation stress σci , crack damage stress σcd and short-term peak strength σp ). The onset of dilation and total volumetric strain reversal occur at axial stress level 30–50% and 50–80% of σp , respectively. A refined continuous strain deviation (RCSD) method is proposed to more accurately define the elastic parameters. Other internal state variables are determined accordingly. Some important information are gained as follows: (1) the Poisson's ratio decreases with the increase of the confining pressure; (2) at the same stress level, the higher of the confining pressure, the smaller of the negative plastic volumetric strain (dilatancy); (3) the evolution of the friction-like coefficient and the plastic volumetric strain can be described with an exponential function and a hyperbolic function, respectively. A strictly experimental based constitutive model is proposed to study the elasto-plastic behavior of the Fontainebleau sandstone. All numerical aspects including formulations, algorithms and experimental validations, are presented in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Impact of HMI on driver's distraction on a freeway under heavy foggy condition based on visual characteristics.
- Author
-
Hu, Dunli, Feng, Xiaofan, Zhao, Xiaohua, Li, Haijian, Ma, Jianming, and Fu, Qiang
- Subjects
DISTRACTION ,BEHAVIORAL assessment ,AUTOMOBILE driving simulators ,MOTOR vehicle driving ,SYSTEM safety ,TRAFFIC safety ,EXPRESS highways - Abstract
Connected vehicle technology relying on Human Machine Interface (HMI) achieve a dominant position in the overall safety improvement. However, the impact of HMI on the driver's visual attention cannot be ignored, especially on the accident-prone foggy freeway. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the level of distraction caused by HMI in data analysis of drivers' visual characteristics and to establish a generic evaluation methodology. A connected vehicle test platform has been established based on the driving simulator, in which visibility was set to the level of heavy fog and the technical condition was set in two conditions (with or without HMI). Measurement of driving behavior parameters include frequency of fixations and saccades and the proportion of fixation. The researchers compared and analyzed the driver's visual characteristics and the degree of distraction in a combination of indices based on the AttenD algorithm, setting two technical conditions in a heavy fog. Drivers suffering more visual distraction and interference with HMI may have an impact on the driver's driving safety. The results provide a generic approach to evaluate the HMI of a connected vehicle system and a safety assessment methodology for the connected vehicle system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A practical technique for estimating deer appearance frequency and cedar sapling damage in young plantations protected by tree shelters in western Japan.
- Author
-
Otani, Tatsuya, Yoneda, Reiji, and Nomiya, Haruto
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Minoxidil: a comprehensive review.
- Author
-
Gupta, A. K., Talukder, M., Venkataraman, M., and Bamimore, M. A.
- Subjects
MINOXIDIL ,BALDNESS ,HAIR growth - Abstract
Topical minoxidil (5% foam, 5% solution, and 2% solution) is FDA-approved for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men and women. Mechanism of action: Minoxidil acts through multiple pathways (vasodilator, anti-inflammatory agent, inducer of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an antiandrogen), and may also affect the length of the anagen and telogen phases. Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 1.4% of topical minoxidil is absorbed through the skin. Minoxidil is a prodrug that is metabolized by follicular sulfotransferase to minoxidil sulfate (active form). Those with higher sulfotransferase activity may respond better than patients with lower sulfotransferase activity. Clinical efficacy (topical minoxidil): In a five-year study, 2% minoxidil exhibited peak hair growth in males at year one with a decline in subsequent years. Topical minoxidil causes hair regrowth in both frontotemporal and vertex areas. The 5% solution and foam were not significantly different in efficacy from the 2% solution. Oral and Sublingual minoxidil (not FDA approved; off-label): After 6 months of administration, minoxidil 5 mg/day was significantly more effective than topical 5% and 2% in male AGA. Low-dose 0.5–5 mg/day may also be safe and effective for female pattern hair loss and chronic telogen effluvium. Sublingual minoxidil may be safe and effective in male and female pattern hair loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Significance of woody browse preferences in evaluating the impact of sika deer browsing on tree seedlings.
- Author
-
Akashi, Nobuhiro, Unno, Akira, and Terazawa, Kazuhiko
- Subjects
SIKA deer ,TREE seedlings ,FORESTS & forestry ,DEER populations - Abstract
The growing populations of sika deer ( Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan, are having increasingly negative impacts on forests. Although the percentage or frequency of browsed twigs and seedlings is a useful index of the impact of deer on forests, differences in the browse preferences of deer among tree species should also be considered. We evaluated the woody browse preferences of sika deer and examined a method for evaluating deer impacts based on the occurrence of browsing scars on seedlings, together with browse preferences. We also validated the percentages of browsed seedlings irrespective of browse preferences as an index of deer impact. We measured the heights of seedlings 30-200 cm tall in five 5 × 20 m plots located in Abies sachalinensis plantations in each of seven tracts and recorded browsing damage that occurred on leader shoots of seedlings. Browse species preference was evaluated using a generalized linear model (GLM) that included the seven tracts, species, and seedling height as explanatory variables. The results of the GLM suggest that differences in browse preferences among species are continuous and cannot be categorized discretely. The tract coefficients are considered to be an index of deer impact levels and can be estimated from the percentage of browsed seedlings for a species if the species coefficient is given. Simple percentages of browsed seedlings can also be used as an index of impact level, regardless of browse preferences, though these may be inaccurate, especially when the site is dominated by significantly preferred or avoided species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. UBE3A deletion enhances the efficiency of immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.
- Author
-
Nan Zhang, Jie Shen, Lanying Gou, Manming Cao, Weimin Ding, Peng Luo, and Jian Zhang
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Comparative analysis of international prognostic indices in gray-zone lymphoma.
- Author
-
Witte, Hanno M., Merz, Hartmut, Bernd, Heinz-Wolfram, Bauer, Arthur, Bernard, Veronica, Feller, Alfred C., and Gebauer, Niklas
- Subjects
DIFFUSE large B-cell lymphomas ,LYMPHOMAS ,HODGKIN'S disease ,AKAIKE information criterion ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Gray-zone lymphoma (GZL) reflects an aggressive B-cell neoplasm with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The International Prognostic Index (IPI) and its derivatives (R-IPI, NCCN-IPI, and the Hasenclever IPS) have been established for DLBCL or cHL while the most suitable scoring system for GZL remains undetermined. In an exploratory multi-centric cohort of GZL (n = 61), we performed a comparative analysis of prognostic indices with regard to model fit and mutual concordance. The calculation of the corrected Akaike's information criterion (cAIC) and Harrel's concordance index (c-index) for each scoring system identified the NCCN-IPI to harbor the most convincing prognostic capabilities regarding both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to its enhanced derivatives. The current results affirm the clinical utility of the NCCN-IPI and suggest its preferential use in clinical practice in GZL-patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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