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To ensure a continuous high standard of police units, it is critical to recruit people who perform well in stressful situations. Today, this selection process includes performing a large series of tests, which still may not objectively reveal a person's capacity to handle a life-threatening situation when subjected to high levels of stress. To obtain more systematic and objective data, 12 police officers were exposed to six scenarios with varying levels of threat while their heart rate and pupil size were monitored. The scenarios were filmed and six expert evaluators assessed the performance of the police officers according to seven predefined criteria. Four of the scenarios included addressing a moderate threat level task and the scenarios were executed in a rapid sequence. Two further scenarios included a familiar firearm drill performed during high and low threat situations. The results showed that there was a large agreement between the experts in how they judged the performance of the police officers (p < 0.001). Performance increased significantly over tasks in four of the seven evaluation criteria (p ≤ 0.037). There was also a significant effect of pupil size (p = 0.004), but not heart rate, when comparing the different sequential scenarios. Moreover, a high level of threat considerably impaired the motor performance of the police officers during the firearms drill (p = 0.002). Finally, the pupil seemed to systematically dilate more when a threat appeared immediately than with a delay in the scenarios (p = 0.007). We conclude that systematic and quantitative judgments from experts provide valuable and reliable information about the performance of participants in realistic and stressful policing scenarios. Furthermore, objective physiological measures of heart rate and pupil size may help to explain and understand why performance sometimes deteriorates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older people in Sweden are increasingly being cared for in the own home, where professional caregivers play an important role. This study aimed to describe perceptions of caring responsibility in the context of older people's homes from the perspective of professional caregivers from caring professions. Fourteen interviews were conducted with professional caregivers from different professions. The result show how professional caregivers perceive responsibility as limitless, constrained by time, moral, overseeing, meaningful and lonesome. Responsibility seems to affect caregivers to a large extent when the burden is high. Professional caregivers' perceptions of responsibility, and the potential consequences of a perceived strained work situation therefore need to be addressed. The findings also indicate a need for professional support and guidance when it is difficult to distinguish between professional and personal responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials use recently increased, although treatments at their End of Life are inexistent or highly inefficient (from the environmental perspective). Thus, openness to cooperation is needed, supported by methodologies for design for de-manufacturing. The approach proposed in the present work aims at transforming industrial processes' scraps and off-specification pieces in primary materials, through re-design, without the risk of cannibalisation. It is mainly intended for industrial processes of composite materials; its objective is to find alternative applications to their invaluable final disposal and supports the merging of existing supply chains (Industrial Symbiosis). Nevertheless, it can be easily extended to non-composite and/or non-scraps. Re-design enables the establishment of waste-to-treasure composite scraps' life cycles and is evaluated through Life Cycle Assessment. The application of the approach involved four Italian companies and results reveal that industrial symbiosis can reduce emissions (from −45% to more than −90%). Guidelines were outlined: involve End of Life operators to know how waste treatments, share information, favour networking and proximity, apply design for disassembly principles, consider simple shapes and modularity during (re)design. Future works will focus on off-the-shelf components and the economic evaluation of the proposed de-manufacturing actions and supply strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The hydrophilicity of regenerated cellulose (RC) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes could be utilized in industrial processes even more than today if there was more information on their thermal stability. Therefore, in this study two different RC UF membranes were used in a temperature range from 15 to 70°C in order to evaluate their performance stability at high temperature. The experiments were performed in neutral, alkaline, and acidic conditions. The influence of temperature on pure water permeability, observed Dextran retention, and membrane structure were used as evaluation criteria. According to the results the tested membranes could be used at 70°C in the tested conditions for several days. The results, however, indicated also that the use in acidic and alkaline conditions at 70°C might shorten the operational life of the membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finnish surface waters are abundant in natural organic matter. Natural organic matter can be removed from drinking water in a water treatment process by coagulation and filtration. The standard treatment operations are not able to remove the smallest molar mass fraction of organic matter and the intermediate molar mass matter is only partly removed. The removal of residual natural organic matter from drinking water by nanofiltration was evalueted in this study. Three different nanofiltration membranes were compared in filtering six pre-treated surface waters. The total organic carbon content of the feed waters varied from 2.0 to 4.2 mg 1-1. Other water quality parameters measured were conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, UV-absorbance, SUVA, E2/E3 value and molecular size distribution by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The natural organic matter removal efficiencies of the membranes were good and varied between 100% and 49%, and between 85% and 47% according to molecular size distribution and total organic carbon measurements, respectively. Removal of different molecular size fractions varied from 100% to 56%, 100% to 54% and 88% to 19%, regarding high molar mass, intermediate molar mass and low molar mass organic matter, respectively. The Desal-5 DL membrane produced the highest natural organic matter removals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This phenomenological inquiry investigated the often-overlooked negative aspects of subject leaders'/coordinators' influence on teacher leadership development, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 11 teachers who relinquished leadership roles due to these reasons. Findings suggest that subject leaders/coordinators impede teacher leadership when they adopt a top-down approach instead of fostering close collaboration with their fellow teachers. This hindrance may manifest through micromanagement, favoritism, a lack of integrity, insufficient recognition, disregard for teacher expertise, and subpar communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study explored eye-tracking technology in the Hololens2 HMD. We assessed the effectiveness of eye-gaze interactions in a 3D environment, particularly in text entry applications. Existing recommendations for the placement and size of virtual objects are often followed without empirical validation. Therefore, we evaluated text entry target selection rates within the manufacturer's specified optimal gaze interaction zone. We measured the spatial accuracy and precision of eye gaze data and optimised target positions for enhanced text entry performance. By establishing confidence ellipses covering 95% of gaze points per target, we derived an Area of Interest (AOI) recalibration function. Applying a receiver operating characteristic-based method, we quantified the recalibrated tracker's performance at various AOIs. Our results indicate an optimal recalibrated AOI radius is 0.036 m, and the ideal object-plane distance from the eye-plane is 2.25 m. This recalibrated specification allows to efficiently interact with Hololens2 via eye movement, achieving target selection rates exceeding 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Children and youths with disabilities have low levels of physical activity and limited opportunities to participate in physical activity. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences and meaning of an adapted ice-skating approach with access to a tailored harness system as a physical activity for children and youths with disabilities in Sweden. Materials and methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 guardians, 5 ice-skating trainers and 15 ice-skating children and youths with disabilities. The interviews were supplemented with participant observations of 23 children and youths with disabilities while ice-skating. Results: Four categories emerged: "To grow as a person," "To arouse zest for life," "To train for life" and "To become part of society." Ice-skating was found to be a source of joy of movement, zest for life and longing, enabling children and youths with disabilities to explore and develop their abilities, social interactions, confidence, identity, and independence in a safe and joy-bringing context. Conclusion: The study highlights social and existential dimensions of an adapted ice-skating approach with access to a harness system tailored for children and youths with disabilities, that enables them to be included in ice-skating, regardless of disabilities, creating increased opportunities for physical activity and movement. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Adapted ice-skating, with access to ice-skating trainers, adapted facilities, and assistive devices, such as tailored harness systems, can create opportunities for children and youths with disabilities to increase their level of physical activity. Participation in adapted ice-skating seems to affect both physical, psychological, social, and existential dimensions for children and youths with disabilities, thus impacting their whole life. The knowledge contribution of this study can be a basis for investments in adapted and harness-supported ice-skating activities, which can improve the health and well-being of children and youths with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the prevalence of sexual violence in most countries and its increase in Sweden, it is important to understand the development of secondary traumatic reactions among professionals who work with sexually violated clients. The aim of this study was to describe the meaning of therapists' personal experiences when treating survivors of sexual violence. We conducted a qualitative interview study of therapists in Sweden (N = 11) using thematic analysis and adding a phenomenological openess towards the phenomenon. The participants were all women, with different professional backgrounds and with further education in areas such as psychotherapy, sexology, trauma treatment, and forensic nursing. The essential meaning of their work could be described as a continuum where therapists were seeking balance between contradictory experiences, further described in four themes. They experienced their work as highly meaningful, and the use of self-care strategies helped to maintain protective boundaries. However, the incomprehensible violence they were indirectly exposed to, challenged their protective boundaries, thus causing negative reactions for the therapists. Increased understanding of the impact of work on therapists' professional and private lives is crucial, and the need for therapists to have a model or framework of meaning and explanation for sexual violence that ties contradictory experiences together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Mental health services rarely reach children whose parents have mental illness despite their poor outcomes. There is a need to consider how mental health practitioners can prioritize the needs of these children and their families. This study examined kinship involvement in the lives of children whose parents have mental illness. Methods: A phenomenological design was used, interviewing 20 children (aged 10–17 years) in families with parental mental illness (PMI) in Ghana. The interview data was analysed to attain the essential features of what kinship support looks like for children and their families. Results: The essential feature of kinship support for children and families with PMI is characterized by uncertainty. However, there is an overall impression that kinship is generally supportive to these families, providing respite services, assistance with daily living, emotional support and advice to children and families. Yet, there is a sense that kinship may not always be helpful to these families. Conclusions: Kinship support is integral in countries where formal mental health services are inadequate and should be explored/harnessed by mental health practitioners. The study provides directions into ways practitioners can utilize kinship as a resource when working with these families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Loneliness is a negative emotional state which is common in later life. The accumulative effects of loneliness have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of older adults. We aim to qualitatively explore the experiences of loneliness in later life and identify relevant behaviours and indicators which will inform novel methods of loneliness detection and intervention. Methods: We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews with people aged 65 and over between September 2022 and August 2023. Data were analysed using a reflective thematic approach with early theme development on NVIVO software. Results: Three themes were identified from the experiences of loneliness in older adults. 1) Unique responses to loneliness, including crying, increased eating or drinking and sleep difficulties, 2) Age-related losses, such as networks, roles, and abilities to engage in activities reducing over time and 3) Individual differences in overcoming loneliness, where strategies such as keeping busy and adopting a positive mindset were impacted by motivation and mood of older adults. Conclusion: Distinct signs and relevant factors to loneliness in later life have been identified which can be detected by future sensing technologies. Findings of this in-depth qualitative study highlight that loneliness is a subjective experience requiring a holistic and person-centred approach to detection and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe how Qualitative Meaning Analysis (QMA), based on a lifeworld theoretical approach, can be made accessible to students and researchers not well-versed in the philosophy of science or qualitative research. Additionally, to demonstrate that it is a more rigorous approach than qualitative content analysis in guiding healthcare inquiries. Method: In recent years, qualitative approaches in nurse education and research have increasingly relied on various content analytical procedures. Liberated from clear philosophical underpinnings, they offer a seemingly pragmatic stance to nursing inquiries. However, by prioritizing 'sorting content' over the exploration of meaning, there's a risk of adopting a mechanistic approach to qualitative analysis. This is problematic because we contend that the search for meaning lies at the heart of qualitative inquiry in nursing and healthcare research, dealing with existential phenomena surrounding health, illness, and care. Result: This paper explores the search for meaning in health care research, particularly in nursing, and introduces key epistemological aspects. It also discusses practical considerations to further familiarize and encourage the use of QMA in graduate nursing education and research. Conclusion: Qualitative inquiry with a focus on meaning is a powerful means when the intention is to develop person-centered care, and the relationship between the professionals and patients is in focus. Such an approach has the potential to illuminate existential suffering as well as innate health capacities in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though regular engagement in physical activity (PA) among children can support their development and encourage the adoption of healthy lifelong habits, most do not achieve their recommended guidelines. Active travel (AT), or any form of human-powered travel (e.g., walking), can be a relatively accessible, manageable, and sustainable way to promote children's PA. One common barrier to children's engagement in AT, however, is a reported lack of education and training. To support children's participation in AT, this paper presents the development of a comprehensive 4-module online road safety education intervention designed to improve children's knowledge and confidence regarding AT. Using a qualitative integrated knowledge translation (iKT) approach undertaken with community collaborators (n = 50) containing expertise in health promotion, public safety, school administration, and transportation planning, our inductive thematic analysis generated fourth themes which constituted the foundation of the intervention modules: Active Travel Knowledge: Awareness of Benefits and Participation; Pedestrian Safety and Skills: Roles, Responsibilities, and Rules; Signs and Infrastructure: Identification, Literacy, and Behaviour; Wheeling Safety and Skills: Technical Training and Personal Maneuvers. Each theme/module was then linked to an explicit learning objective and connected to complementary knowledge activities, resources, and skill development exercises. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to investigate the lived experience of well-being among older patients and their relatives in the transition from hospital to home after early discharge. Research has shown that the transition brings severe challenges to their everyday lives. However, to date, there has been a lack of research focusing on the lived experiences of well-being during this process. Methods: The data collection and analysis followed the phenomenological approach of Reflective Lifeworld Research. Ten in-depth interviews with older patients and their relatives were conducted in Austria up to 2–5 days after hospital discharge. Results: The essential meaning of the phenomenon of well-being in the transition from hospital to home is marked by security and confidence to face the challenges following the discharge. Four constituents emerged: being calm and in alignment with the homecoming, being in familiar surroundings at home—a sense of belonging, striving towards independence—continuity of life and having faith in the future. Conclusion: Our findings point to the importance of recognizing the vulnerability associated with the transition from hospital to home, as it impacts the existential aspects of space and time. Facilitating a sense of continuity and belonging can foster well-being during this critical period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used for their aesthetic and performance-enhancing effects and are associated with physical and psychological side effects. Behavioural changes/side effects as mood swings, aggressiveness, depression, potency problems, anxiety, and emotional coldness have been reported by next of kin to people using AAS. Methods: This phenomenological study is based on the reflective lifeworld research approach. Interviews were conducted with twelve next of kin about their experiences of living close to persons using AAS. Results: Next of kin to persons using AAS are particularly vulnerable because they experience little opportunity to influence their situation. Their given and safe context is lost, and their lives are circumscribed by feelings of insecurity, fear, powerlessness, and grief. Feelings of loneliness develop when their problems are not noticed by others and support is lacking from family and society. Conclusions: Our research adds important knowledge on how the use of AAS affects next of kin. Understanding is required to approach the lifeworld of next of kin with flexibility and empathy in their difficulties and vulnerability. Healthcare professionals and other concerned professions need to be aware of next of kin existential needs to be able to meet and support them in their life situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization is a driving factor for biodiversity loss and potential climate change by reducing carbon stocks. Understanding how urban development, as mitigated by socio-economic factors alters urban biodiversity is crucial for effective urban planning that maintains or improves environmental resilience. The luxury effect hypothesis predicts that wealthier parts of a city will have higher levels of biodiversity. This effect has been tested widely but we still have limited understanding of how wealth influences urban biodiversity in tropical regions of developing countries where plant species play profound sociocultural roles beyond aesthetics. This study investigates links between household income and the diversity of cultivated plants distribution within neighborhoods of two growing cities in Benin. We conducted a survey of 936 randomly selected households to record their socioeconomic characteristics and survey the cultivated plant species found in household gardens'. This enabled us to estimate household-level diversity metrics including taxonomic diversity and phylogenetic diversity. We found no global support for the luxury effect on phylogenetic diversity but rented properties had lower plant taxonomic diversity along with less phylogenetic diversity than privately owned houses. Taxonomic diversity is higher in the less urbanized areas while phylogenetic diversity is weakened. Household's cultural connection to plants has a negative effect on both diversity indices. Our results highlight the complex relationships between socioeconomic traits and urban plant diversity distribution in two tropical African cities, which only partly confirmed the luxury effect hypothesis. Disentangling these complex relationships can help city planners and policymakers to take informed decisions to promote sustainable cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woody vegetation diversity is declining due to human-induced land-use changes, mainly agricultural expansion and intensification, deforestation, forest degradation and urbanisation. This loss challenges the resilience and sustainability of smallholder farming landscapes, in which woody vegetation plays an important role for the provision of multiple material and non-material benefits to people and nature. In this review, we examine the relevance and application of established social-ecological resilience principles to woody vegetation management and explore how the resilience of smallholder farming landscapes can be enhanced in the Global South. To this end, we conducted a qualitative review and purposefully selected scientific literature relevant to each resilience principle. Exemplified by different cases from across the Global South, we collate evidence for the significance of all principles for woody vegetation management. Our review also sheds light on widespread obstacles to sustainable woody vegetation management and landscape resilience, such as the pursuit of top-down and sectoral policies for agriculture and woody vegetation management, deep-rooted power dynamics and asymmetries, and the marginalisation of local people and their traditional knowledge systems. Applying resilience principles to woody vegetation management in smallholder farming landscapes therefore requires transformative changes that enable paradigm shifts, for example, through more genuine recognition of local people and their livelihoods, knowledge and experiences. Highlights: Ongoing ecosystem destruction and unsustainable development pathways are posing a challenge in smallholder farming landscapes of the Global South. More specifically, they are triggering rapid loss of ecological and social diversity. These mainly affect the diversity of woody vegetation and ecosystem services, which are essential for nature and human life. To manage such landscapes, it is therefore useful to think of them as interconnected social-ecological systems and use resilience principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of climate change, sea level rise and land planning, systemic approaches based on resilience principles are required for the adaptation of coastal areas. In this paper, a new conceptual framework is proposed in which an area and its flood protection system are considered to be two nested social-ecological systems (SESs). Other types of networks of structures, especially transportation infrastructure (ports and waterways, roads and railways) can also be represented, in relation to the areas where they are located, as nested SESs. This conceptual framework, based mainly on the concept of social-ecological resilience, is recommended to develop a common adaptation strategy shared between infrastructure managers and land use planners. It also allows the complementary use of the concepts of technical, ecological and social resilience by different actors to meet specific objectives, which may concern the management of natural or anthropogenic structures or the revision of institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This pilot-scale study investigates the possibility of using nanofiltration after ultrafiltration to improve lignin recovery from kraft black liquor in a pulp mill. The nanofiltration step can increase overall lignin recovery and provide a clean permeate that could be used in the smelt dissolving tank to produce green liquor. Nanofiltration of kraft black liquor ultrafiltration permeate was performed under two operating conditions: (A) 50 °C at 25 bar, and (B) 70 °C at 15 bar, which led to a lignin retention of 82% and 75%, respectively. Experimental data from condition A were used in a techno-economic analysis where four scenarios were evaluated: (1) a reference scenario, without lignin separation; (2) a scenario in which the ultrafiltration permeate was returned to the evaporators; (3) a scenario including ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, where the nanofiltration permeate was sent to the smelt dissolving tank; and (4) a scenario including ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, where the nanofiltration retentate was sent to the evaporators and the nanofiltration permeate to the smelt dissolving tank. The reduced energy consumption of the evaporators in scenario 4 resulted in an increase in sold electrical power of 19.4 GWh/y, giving a pay-back time on the investment in the nanofiltration plant of 2.2 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous catalysis plays a pivotal role in the current chemical and energy vectors production. Notably, to fully utilize the intrinsic activity and selectivity of a catalyst, the chemical reactor has to be designed and operated optimally to achieve enhanced heat/mass transfer, well-defined contact time of reactants, uniform flow pattern, and high permeability. Structured catalysts are a promising strategy to overcome the major drawbacks encountered in the traditional packed-bed reactor technology due to the improved hydrodynamics in combination with enhanced heat/mass transfer. Newly emerged fiber/foam-substrates, with an entirely open 3D network structure, bring distinct advantages over the honeycomb and micro-channel contacting methods, including free radial diffusion, eddy-mixing driven heat/mass transfer, large area-to-volume ratio, and high contacting efficiency. However, how to place the nanocatalysts onto the fiber/foam-substrates is a challenging problem because the commercial washcoating method has great limitations such as the nonuniformity and easy exfoliation of coatings. This review discusses the newly developed non-dip-coating methods for the fiber/foam-structured catalysts and their promising applications in the strongly exo-/endo-thermic and/or high throughput reaction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye tracking has become increasingly applied in medical education research for studying the cognitive processes that occur during the performance of a task, such as image interpretation and surgical skills development. However, analysis and interpretation of the large amount of data obtained by eye tracking can be confusing. In this article, our intention is to clarify the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained from eye tracking. Understanding the relationship between eye tracking metrics (such as gaze, pupil and blink rate) and cognitive processes (such as visual attention, perception, memory and cognitive workload) is essential. The importance of calibration and how the limitations of eye tracking can be overcome is also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study describes how reflection can be supported by using reflective tools in group education in type 2 diabetes. The changed conditions for living with a long-term illness may lead to increased anxiety and new demands that affect one's current life situation. The didactic model, 'The challenge – to take charge of one's life with long-term illness', has been developed into 'Taking responsibility in life with type 2 diabetes – a model for group education in primary care'. Specialized diabetes nurses and dieticians received training, a manual and continuous guidance in applying the model. Reflection diaries, notes and interviews both from the patients and the caregivers were analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method. The results show that using images as reflective tools engages thoughts and feelings in a way that appears to be important for one's learning in life with a chronic illness. The images contribute to allowing a distance from one's situation, actions, thoughts and feelings, which seems fruitful for investigating and discovering new 'things' about oneself. With the support of reflective tools and guiding questions, reflection is led to a deeper existential level where both caregivers and patients contribute by asking questions that support the reflection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal construction (IC) is coined from an informal economy (IE). It involves unlicensed and unregulated individuals engaged in construction-related activities. Because it is unregulated, IC poses health and safety risks (HSR). This study identified and ranked the perception of HSR by masonry workers (MW) in informal construction sites (ICS) in Tanzania. A number of 19 HSRs were found in the literature, and then, the data were collected through questionnaires from 304 MW in ICS and 10 semi-structured interviews. The study employed a convergence concurrent mixed methods approach, whereby for quantitative data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (one-sample t-tests) were used, and for qualitative data, directed content analysis was employed. The results showed that 'skin sanitizers, irritants', 'sickness due to poor drinking water or poor toilet facilities' and 'injury or death due to falling from height' were the most perceived HSRs by workers in IC. In contrast, 'bullying and stress', 'diseases caused by exposure to airborne fibres and toxic materials' and 'hand and vibration syndrome' are the least perceived HSRs. The study provides useful insights into the perception of MW on HSR in IC, which can be used as a baseline for good practice for policy directions in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the lived experience of physical exertion for persons living with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS) An interpretive (hermeneutic) phenomenological approach was undertaken with 8 persons living with advanced MS. Interviews were conducted with exploratory questions that explored participants' experiences of physical exertion. Data was analysed using phenomenological methods and the findings presented as hermeneutic stories. Participants conveyed physical exertion as a means of influencing their connection with the world. Interpretation identified four subthemes; Lived Body, Sense of Self, Purpose of exertion, and Attributes of the World and an overarching superordinate theme Body-World engagement. Hermeneutic stories illuminated the intertwined relationship between the themes and the idiographic nature of physical exertion. The experience of physical exertion was meaningfully related to participants' sense of self, agency, and 'being in the world'. For persons living with advanced MS: Physical exertion has the potential to enhance sense of self through regaining a lost, or creating a new identity. Physical exertion can enhance bodily consciousness and cause individuals to dwell on inability, consequently health care professionals should consider how their language and therapy focus may intensify this. Attempting to meet societally accepted standards of normal had a shaping influence on the exertional experience. The meaning of physical exertion is influenced by an individual's preconceptions and healthcare professionals should take time to understanding these, in order to optimise engagement in physical exertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscape colour influences people's visual behaviour and preferences. Insufficient exploration has been conducted on people's colour perception when walking through urban green spaces (UGSs) dominated by green in summer. This study used eye-tracking technology to explore the differences between the visual attention colour (VAC) and space colour (SC), and the effect of spatial form on VAC. Participants were asked to view six walking spaces in two UGSs in Nanjing, China. The results indicated that SC and VAC had correlations in hue variance (yellow), saturation mean, and value variance, but weak correlations in hue mean (green), hue variance (green), and value mean. Additionally, the higher the spatial openness, the more reduction in brightness of the VAC compared to SC. The findings suggest that landscape visual perception studies need to consider the interaction between landscape colour, spatial form, and human top-down visual behaviour to support the design of UGSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many older adults with complex care needs live at home due to ageing‐in‐place policies. This study explored homecare workers' experiences and suggestions for improvements of care. Twelve semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically, and revealed pride, capability, and satisfaction in their work, yet they feel undervalued and lack support. They advocate for integrated care models, recognition of their competence, flexible work approaches, and committed leadership. This would enhance patient care and address their own working conditions, addressing concerns from being relegated to the bottom of the hierarchy. They emphasize the need for comprehensive approaches, spanning from housekeeping to end-of-life palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with homonymous hemianopia (HH) benefit from applying compensatory scanning behaviour that limits the consequences of HH in a specific task. The aim of the study is to (i) review the current literature on task-specific scanning behaviour that improves performance and (ii) identify differences between this performance-enhancing scanning behaviour and scanning behaviour that is spontaneously adopted or acquired through training. The databases PsycInfo, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for articles on scanning behaviour in people with HH. The final sample contained 60 articles, reporting on three main tasks, i.e., search (N = 17), reading (N = 16) and mobility (N = 14), and other tasks (N = 18). Five articles reported on two different tasks. Specific scanning behaviour related to task performance in search, reading, and mobility tasks. In search and reading tasks, spontaneous adaptations differed from this performance-enhancing scanning behaviour. Training could induce adaptations in scanning behaviour, enhancing performance in these two tasks. For mobility tasks, limited to no information was found on spontaneous and training-induced adaptations to scanning behaviour. Performance-enhancing scanning behaviour is mainly task-specific. Spontaneous development of such scanning behaviour is rare. Luckily, current compensatory scanning training programs can induce such scanning behaviour, which confirms that providing scanning training is important. Scanning behaviour that improves performance in people with homonymous hemianopia (HH) is task-specific. Most people with HH do not spontaneously adopt scanning behaviour that improves performance. Compensatory scanning training can induce performance-enhancing scanning behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common primary tumor in the head and neck epithelium and is the second most common primary tumor type in the lung. Although morphologically indistinguishable from each other with hematoxylin and eosin stain on histology, the tumors have different protein expression profiles. Using 24 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and 24 squamous cell carcinomas in the head and neck, protein expression for cytokeratin 5/6, kallikrein 7, and elafin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. All three proteins were found to evidence higher expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as compared with that of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The differences in expression may help clinical differentiation between primary tumors of the lung from metastatic tumors to the lung from the oral/laryngeal cavities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent low back pain (PLBP) is the biggest global cause of disability. Persons with PLBP experience biographic disruption and existential crisis. Guidelines recommend a biopsychosocial approach to management, with the emphasis on coping strategies. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the lived experience of persons who self-identify as coping with PLBP. The study used an interpretive phenomenological approach, analyzing transcripts from 1:1 interviews with six persons who self-identify as coping with PLBP. Poetic language was used to elicit empathic, embodied relational understanding and convey a richer understanding of the phenomenon that authentic quotations might not able to reveal. Participants' descriptions conveyed the sense of a journey, starting with the loss of a sense of self as they engaged in the pain battle, followed by a transition toward a new 'normal,' in which time, acceptance and trust in their own intuition were meaningful components. Although anxiety and fear were a continued presence, but they became more manageable. Society's role in the coping process was significantly meaningful and is something which requires reflections from therapists' and more widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in yoga, mindfulness or similar yoga-based practices (YBP) has grown exponentially in the western world, also within education, including physical education (PE). Although some studies have been conducted on YBP in PE, yoga has not yet been researched in the framework of physical education teacher education (PETE). Using a regional lifeworld approach, the purpose of this article is to investigate how PETE students experience their participation in a YBP didactics unit when it was included in the PETE programme. What thoughts, feelings and bodily sensations were evoked in the students as they explored YBP and their prospects for teaching it themselves? The project involved 13 students during their fifth year in one of Sweden's PETE programmes. Questionnaires and diaries were used as information sources. Ten of the 13 students were also interviewed. In the phenomenological analysis, the phenomenon of friction 'showed itself' to be an essential part of the perceived experiences. Friction was characterised by a tension between an absence of friction, which describes experiences of participating in YBP smoothly, and the presence of friction, which included experiences of resistance. The students also oscillated between experiences of l-here and now, and Me-my future teaching profession. At least to some extent, the YBP that was practised during the course changed the students' views of what education in 'human in motion' can be by discovering and breaking their habitual attitudes towards PE. Rather than being discussed in terms of 'benefits', the YBP practice charged the body, the room and the group with a heightened awareness of the present moment that could also be expressed verbally. It is anticipated that this kind of reflexive knowledge will help the student to make careful didactical considerations in their future teaching practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A genetic predisposition seems to be involved in biliary tract cancer, but the prevalence of germline mutations in BTC remains unclear, and the therapeutic role of the germline pathologic variants is still unknown. The aim of the present work is to systematically review the data available on the hereditary predisposition of biliary tract cancer by a specific research on PubMed, in order to highlight the most important critical points and to define the current possible role of germinal testing and genetic counseling in this setting of patients. Basing on data already available, we decided to start in our institution a specific genetic protocol focused on biliary tract cancer patients, which includes genetic counseling and, if indicated, germline test. The inclusion criteria are: 1) Patient with personal history of oncologic disease other than BTC, 2) Patient with familiar history of oncologic disease (considering relatives of first and second grade), 3) Patient with ≤ 50 years old, 4) Patient presenting a somatic mutation in genes involved in DNA damage repair pathways and mismatch repair. The aim of the presented protocol is to identify germline pathogenic variants with prophylactic and therapeutic impact, and to collect and integrate a significant amount of clinical, familial, somatic, and genetic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article depicts the emergence of an intercultural learning community through an international research project on educational leadership. Drawing from partners' self-reflections collected and analyzed during the project, we engage with concepts including transformative leadership, practice architecture, and Northern/Western power and privilege. We argue that trust and norms of engagement take time to build in non-hierarchical education practice architecture, however the resulting holistic and capacitating co-production of knowledge can be a model for academic development in individuals, in higher education institutions, and in international project work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mode confusion occurs when the driver of an automated vehicle (AV) is confused about the active operating mode of the AV and therefore, their responsibilities as the driver. Mode confusion is a serious safety concern, especially for cohorts who are less familiar with AVs and/or who are more likely to have poorer situational awareness during automated driving such as older adults. In this article, we propose a design framework for driver state monitoring systems that can potentially be used to detect older drivers' mode confusion by inferring drivers' perceived AV mode using gaze behaviour data. As a proof-of-concept for an AV with two modes, the efficacy of the proposed framework is tested by applying it on a gaze behaviour dataset collected from 29 older drivers (65+) during simulated non-automated and simulated fully automated drives. The proposed framework utilizes classification models trained on features extracted from the gaze behaviour data. Among 25 features, the mRMR (maximum relevance minimum redundancy) feature ranking framework ranked our proposed feature of weighted static gaze entropy as having the highest relevance with the driver's perceived AV modes while having the least redundancy with the rest of the selected features. An ensemble stacking model achieved the highest classification performance with an average accuracy of 73% and an average AUC score of 80%. The results indicate that gaze behaviour features can distinguish between the driving scenarios of automated and non-automated as perceived by the drivers. While the dataset does not include confirmed instances of driver's mode confusion and therefore, the framework testing provides preliminary results towards a proof of concept, this work provides a foundational model for future studies in which actual data from confirmed mode confusions are intentionally introduced or measured. In turn, this study can inform future designs of driver state monitoring systems aimed to detect and mitigate the safety risks of driver's mode confusions in automated vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to climate change, windstorms are becoming increasingly common resulting in the destruction not only of extensive forest areas but, quite often, of small-sized and scattered forest lands, thereby adversely affecting both the productivity and the safety of workers employed in the harvest of windblown trees. In the present study, an attempt is made to identify and record areas in the northeastern forests of Greece covered by mixed stands of conifers and broadleaves that experienced massive windthrow following local storms. Our results reveal that where Pinus sylvestris was mixed either with Quercus sp. or with Fagus sylvatica, it had been substantially protected, while in plots where it stood on its own it had been extensively uprooted. On the other hand, Picea abies, even if it was mixed with Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris, had been blown down to a large extent. Based on tree-level data, local topographic features, forest characteristics, and the mechanical properties of green wood, a reliable model, to be used for the prediction of similar disturbances in the future, has been selected after a thorough comparative study of the most well-known intelligent Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Specifically, Random Forest Classifier, k-Neighbors Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Gradient Boosting Classifier, Ada Boost Classifier, Ridge Classifier, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, SVM – Linear Kernel, and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis were evaluated and compared using six performance measures (confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In policing, Virtual Reality scenario-based training (VR SBT) is being explored to complement real-life scenario-based training (RL SBT). We investigated whether relevant training responses in VR SBT, namely heart rate (HR), level of physical activity, mental effort, and perceived stress, resemble those in RL SBT. Utilizing a within-subject study design, we investigated the training responses of 237 police officers of the Dutch National Police. We found that the maximum HR and average level of physical activity were significantly higher in RL SBT, whereas invested mental effort was significantly higher in VR SBT. No significant differences were found in average HR and perceived stress. We also found that perceived stress in VR was predicted by participants' VR experiences such as engagement with VR and experience of negative effects, but not by participant characteristics. Participants' mental effort in VR was predicted by their VR experiences and participant characteristics, particularly gaming frequency. In conclusion, VR SBT can elicit perceived stress, mental effort, and average HR that resemble or exceed responses in RL SBT, providing a promising tool to complement police training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patient-practitioner relationship is fundamental to rehabilitation practice and patients' health and wellbeing. Dissonance between patients who have had bariatric surgery and health care practitioners about what supportive care and good outcomes are can undermine care. To address the mechanisms of this process, we conducted an Interpersonal Process Recall study. We interviewed patients (11), video recorded consultations (10), conducted video-assisted individual interviews with patients (10) and practitioners (11) and a dyadic data analysis. We identified relational states and shifts in the clinical encounter 2–3 years post-surgery, described in themes: a) Playing by the Book – Making it Easier for Each Other, b) Down the Blind Alley – Giving up on Each Other, and c) Opposite Poles – Towards and Away from Each Other. The post-surgery consultations facilitated responsibility for health and self-care but did not invite dialogues about the psychosocial burdens of living with obesity and undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients and practitioners tried to avoid creating conflict, which in turn seemed to foster distance, rather than human connection. This limits the encounter's benefit to both parties, leaving them frustrated and less willing to either meet again or take any gains into their future lives. Illness evokes feelings of stress and uncertainty and is experienced very differently from the perspective of patients and health care practitioners (HCPs), who encounter each other in a field fraught with tension. Bodily changes and difficult emotions related to food and eating are to be expected when undergoing bariatric surgery, and to explicitly "notice, name and validate" emotions can promote the patient's capacity to sustain self-care, lifestyle change, weight loss and health gains. Making interpersonal connection and interaction between patient and HCP the centre of bariatric aftercare can enhance engagement in and outcomes of the post-surgery clinical encounter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and life satisfaction among college students, the mediating effect of smartphone addiction, and the moderating effect of connectedness to nature. A total of 702 college students (453 females, Meanage = 19.60 years, SD = 1.33 years) completed the Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale, Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Connectedness to Nature Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Following moderated mediation analysis, the results showed that smartphone addiction mediated the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and life satisfaction among college students. Furthermore, connectedness to nature did not moderate the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and life satisfaction among college students, but it moderated the relationship between smartphone addiction and life satisfaction among college students. These findings identified both risk factors and protective factors that influence life satisfaction among college students, providing valuable guidance for enhancing their life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to describe and gain a greater understanding of the phenomenon "caringlearning space" based on the perspectives of patients, nursing students, and supervisors in clinical practice contexts. A general structure of the phenomenon "caring-learning space" was created based on essential structures from five empirical studies. The analysis is based on a reflective lifeworld research approach (RLR). The "caring-learning" space shows itself in terms of interpersonal relationships between patients, students, supervisors, and other actors in the care environment. It is first when the learning space is accepted as a part of caring, that a "caring-learning space" is created. A flexibility and a receptivity are seen where the learning is allowed to become visible and be integrated in the caring processes when caring and learning to interact. A caring-learning space is established by the patient being the focal point, but also a cocreator in caring as well as learning regardless of her/his health status. This entails that the "caring-learning space" exists when patients, students, supervisors and other healthcare professionals interact based on their ability and role in the space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aimed to describe primary health care professionals lived experiences of supporting recovery in persons with stress-related disorders. Methods: This study was based on a phenomenological approach known as reflective lifeworld research (RLR). Seventeen health care professionals working in primary health care were included in the study. Lifeworld interviews were conducted to collect data. The data were analysed in accordance with the phenomenological RLR principles of openness, flexibility and bridling. Results: Health care professionals experienced supporting recovery as a complex process with a need for a tailored approach, regardless of profession. In an alliance, the health care professionals encounter the persons where they are based on their own narratives about their life situation. In an interpersonal platform, the health care professionals use a lingering and flexible approach. Support is provided by encouraging existential reflection and learning as well as guiding the person to consider their own needs. This supports the person's quest for a sustainable recovery process in his/her life situation. Conclusions: We conclude that supporting recovery requires a genuinely person-centred care in which elements of existential care are crucial. Primary health care for persons with stress-related disorders could benefit from the development of additional research and models for such an approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to explore existential loneliness in different long-term care contexts as narrated by older people. A qualitative secondary analysis was performed of 22 interviews with older people in residential care, home care, and specialized palliative care. The analysis started with naive reading of interviews from each care context. As these readings showed similarity with Eriksson's theory of the suffering human being, the three different concepts of suffering were used as an analytic grid. Our result indicates that suffering and existential loneliness are interrelated for frail older people. Some situations and circumstances that trigger existential loneliness are the same in the three care contexts while others differ. In residential and home care, unnecessary waiting, not feeling at home and not being encountered with respect and dignity can trigger existential loneliness while seeing and hearing others suffering can give rise to existential loneliness in residential care. In specialized palliative care, feelings of guilt and remorse are prominent in relation to existential loneliness. In conclusion, different healthcare contexts have various conditions for providing care that meet the existential needs of older people. Hopefully our results will be used as a basis for discussions in multi-professional teams and among managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To address the consequences of living with supraventricular tachycardia and to improve the quality of treatment, there is a need to highlight patient experiences of treatment with catheter ablation. Therefore, the aim was to describe the phenomenon of catheter ablation, as it is experienced by patients being treated awake. Methods: A descriptive design was applied based on a reflective lifeworld research founded on phenomenological epistemology. Interviews were conducted between December 2021 and Mars 2022 with seven women and five men, three to twelve months after they underwent catheter ablation. Results: Patients undergoing catheter ablation while awake during treatment, which includes experiences of relying on others expertise, being actively passive, and striving to be cured. It entails experiences of having a foreign object moving in one's body and heart and can be endured through strategies of mainly shifted one's mental focus. Conclusions: The effort of undergoing a catheter ablation procedure is worthwhile as the confirmation of a physical curable condition that opens a future with possibilities instead of the obstacle in daily life that tachycardia entails. For the patients, an informative and caring conversation was needed that would have provided the support they lacked before and during the ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A patient is vulnerable and exposed due to illness, relies on and surrender to other people. In caring this means a special dependency. The aim of this study was to describe the origin of the concept 'exposed', to elucidate how the definition of this term has changed over time, and to outline its relevance in caring science. Method: A semantic concept analysis in two phases was conducted. Results: The findings show that over time, the degree of binding of the following synonyms has become stronger; unprotected/defenseless, naked/bare, pressed/jostled and unsafe/ unprotected and can easily be transferred to a clinical nursing context. Conclusions: This study provides a deeper understanding of the concept 'exposed' semantically. Being exposed is a profound experience for patients who need to be seen as the person they really are. A life-world led care has an existential power that can support professionals, strengthen patients' health processes, and alleviate the patient's suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To highlight the experiences of family members of people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and self-harming behaviour who have access to brief admission. Methods: To understand the families lived experience a phenomenological lifeworld perspective was adopted to this study. Twelve in-depht interviews were performed in November and December 2021 with family members of people with BPD and self-harming behaviour who have accessed BA. The phenomenological life-world perspective guided the analysis. Results: Families' life-world was characterized by anxiety and constant protection of their loved one. They live with constant fear of how their loved ones are feeling and whether they will injure themselves. When access to BA was available this gave hope and provided conditions for families to maintain everyday routines and also enhanced relationships among family members. When families' loved ones were denied BA, they felt betrayed which contributed to negative feelings towards the medical profession, and the families lost confidence in psychiatry. Conclusion: By interviewing families of people with BPD and self-harming behaviour who had access to BA, it emerged they possess valuable knowledge. BA can be developed if the needs of families are taken into consideration, and if families are given the opportunity to share emotions and the high burden of responsibility with staff or families in similar situations. If health care staff gives family members a more central role in care and makes their shared life-world visible it could thereby hopefully increase well-being and benefits for the whole family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]