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Six cycloartane glycosides, named tareciliosides N-S, and a known iridoid glucoside, ixoroside, were isolated in further extensive studies on the 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of the leaves of Tarenna gracilipes. From the EtOAc-soluble fraction, three known triterpenes were isolated. Their toxicities toward A549 and Leishmania major trypanosome protozoa were assayed. Triterpenes were selectively active in the two organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of an MeOH extract of leaves of Antidesma japonicum, three new aliphatic glycosides, α- l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β- d-glucopyranosides of (6 R,9 R)-megastigma-4,7-dien-9-ol-3-one, ( Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, and methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(1′-hydroxyethyl)pentanoate 1′- O-β- d-glucopyranoside, were isolated, along with seven known compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of the leaves of Russelia equisetiformis, one new iridoid glucoside was isolated along with 24 known compounds, comprising iridoids and iridoid glucosides, phenyl propane glucosides, phenyl ethanoids, lignan glucosides, and flavonoid glucosides. The structure of the new compound was elucidated to be 10- O-cinnamoyl sinuatol. Of the 25 compounds isolated, rehmaglutin B exhibited moderate inhibitory activity toward NO production, which was not associated with cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of the leaves of Schoepfia jasminodora collected from Okinawa Island, two new galloyl esters and 15 known compounds were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis to be isoorientin 4″- O-gallate and (2 S)-1,2-propanediol 1- O-β- d-glucopyranoside 6′- O-gallate. The compounds possessing galloyl or cathechol moieties showed equal radical scavenging activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of the leaves of Guettarda speciosa L., two new compounds ( 1, 2) were isolated together with six known compounds. Spectroscopic analysis of 1 and 2 established their structures to be derivatives of a glycerol α-glucuronide and a megastigmane glycoside, respectively. HPLC analysis of the hydrolyzate of 1 confirmed the presence of d-glucuronic acid in the structure, and the modified Mosher's method established the absolute structure of 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new flavonol glycosides were isolated from the 1-butanol (1-BuOH)-soluble fraction of a methanol (MeOH) extract of the leaves of Indigofera zollingeriana, along with four flavonol glycosides and three known megastigmane glucosides. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses as kaempferol 3- O-β- d-(2″- O-β- d-apiofuranosyl)glucopyranoside 7- O-α- l-rhamnopyranoside and 3- O-β- d-(2″- O-β- d-apiofuranosyl, 6″- O-α- l-rhamnopyranosyl)glucopyranoside 7- O-α- l-rhamnopyranoside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

new prenylated flavonoid ( 1) and two new aliphatic glycosides ( 2, 3) have been isolated from leaves of Euodia meliaefolia (Hance) Benth., together with three known compounds, (2 R,3 R)-5,7,4′-trihydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)dihydroflavonol 7- O-β- d-glucopyranoside (phellamurin) ( 4), (2 R,3 R)-dihydroquercetin 3′- O-β- d-glucopyranoside ( 5), and (7 R,8 S)-dihydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4- O-β- d-glucopyranoside ( 6). Their structures were determined on the basis of the results of spectroscopic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of Cananga odorata var. odorata, collected at the Botanical Garden of Chiang Mai University, a new megastigmane glucoside, named canangaionoside, and an irregular monoterpene were isolated. A known compound, breyniaionoside A, which has been obtained from the leaves of Breynia officinalis, was also isolated, and its absolute structure was substantiated for the first time in this study. On this occasion, the absolute stereochemistries of structurally related megastigmane glucosides, breyniaionosides B and C, isolated from B. officinalis were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of the leaves of Grevillea robusta Allan Cunningham, two 5-alkylresorcinol glucosides, named grevillosides G and H ( 1, 2), and grevilloside E methyl ester ( 3) were isolated, along with one known megastigmane glucoside, staphylionoside D ( 4). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analyses. The structure of the related phenolic glucoside ( 1a) isolated from Veronica thymoides subsp. pseudocinerea was reported to be the same as that of 1. However, as judged on the close inspection of the spectroscopic data, its structure ( 1a) must be revised to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3- O-glucoside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of an extract of the leaves of Elaeocarpus japonicus, six megastigmane glucosides ( 1– 6) were isolated. Five were known compounds ( 2– 6), i.e. amelopsisionoside, citroside A, roseoside, alangionoside A and turpinionoside A, respectively. The structure of the new compound, named elaeocarpionoside, was elucidated to be (3 R,4 R,5 S,6 S,7 E,9 R)-megastigman-7-ene-3,4,9-triol 9- O-β- d-glucopyranoside by spectroscopic analyses and the modified Mosher’s method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigation of the dried leaves of Fraxinus griffithii collected in Okinawa has led to the isolation of three new secoiridoid glucosides, griffithosides A–C ( 1– 3), and one new iridoid glucoside, 7- epi-7- O-( E)-caffeoylloganic acid ( 4), along with eight known secoiridoid glucosides ( 5– 12). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of NMR, MS, and other spectroscopic techniques, as well as comparison with literature data. The isolated compounds were tested for radical-scavenging activity. Among them, compounds 3, 4, and 7 exhibited substantial radical-scavenging activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirteen compounds ( 1– 13) were isolated from a MeOH extract of leaves of Glochidion rubrum. The structures of four new compounds were elucidated to be (−)-isolariciresinol 2a- O-β- d-glucopyranoside ( 1), (7 R,8 S)- and (7 R,8 R)-4,7,9,9′-tetrahydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-8- O-4′-neolignan 7- O-β- d-glucopyranosides ( 2 and 3, respectively), and tachioside 2′- O-4″- O-methylgallate ( 4) on detailed inspection of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the EtOAc-soluble fraction of an MeOH extract of the stems of Tricalysia dubia, two new rearranged ent-kaurane derivatives, named tricalysiolides H and I, were isolated, together with five known rearranged ent-kauranes, i.e. tricalysiolides A–E, stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one, (+)-pinoresinol, scopoletin and syringaldehyde. Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic evidence, and their cytotoxicity toward KB cells and P-gp inhibitory activity were assayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new phenolic glucoside was isolated from the aerial parts of Origanum tyttanthum, an Uzbek medicinal plant, together with 12 known compounds. The structure of the new compound was elucidated as 4- O-β- d-glucopyranosylbenzyl-3′-hydroxyl-4′-methoxybenzoate ( 1) based on the spectral and chemical evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new lignan glycoside, bridelioside, has been isolated from Bridelia glauca f. balansae. The structure of bridelioside was elucidated be (+)-isolariciresinol 2a- O-α- l-arabinopyranoside on the basis of spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three rearranged ent-kaurane diterpenes with the cafestol-type framework have been isolated from the leaves of Tricalysia dubia. Two were found to be known diterpenoids, tricalysiolides B and C. Tricalysiolide B was isolated as colorless prisms in this experiment and its three-dimensional structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The remaining diterpenoid was a new compound and was named tricalysiolide G. Two new ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids, given the trivial names tricalysiol A and tricalysiol B, were also isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with core promoter mutation (T1762A1764) or precore mutation (A1896) with the clinical course of illness, we analyzed serial core promoter and precore sequences in 22 patients with HBV-associated chronic liver disease who were followed for 12+/-4 years (mean +/- SD). Sixteen of 22 patients were positive for HBeAg at baseline, and 15 of the 16 patients seroconverted to anti-HBe during the observation period. T1762A1764 mutation was detected in 16 of 22 patients, including 11 patients positive for HBeAg, at baseline. During the follow-up period, A1896 mutation emerged in 7 of 16 patients who had the wild-type HBV or only the T1762A1764 mutation at baseline. Sustained remission of hepatitis correlated with the low level of viremia, but did not with type of mutations. These results indicate that HBV with T1762A1764 mutation tends to precede A1896 mutation during the course of infection in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, we aimed to determine the growth inhibition and the induction of apoptotic cell death brought about by the herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge in gastric cancer cell lines, and to clarify the mechanism of this apoptosis. Water-soluble ingredients of A. asphodeloides, and the gastric cancer cell lines, MKN45 and KATO-III, were used in vitro. Growth inhibition, induction of cell death, morphological features, the presence of DNA ladders, increases in caspase-3-like activity, the effects of a caspase-3 inhibitor on apoptotic cell death, and the release of cytochrome c by A. asphodeloides were analyzed. A. asphodeloides inhibited the growth and decreased the viability of the gastric cancer cell lines. The viability of normal skin fibroblasts in the presence of low concentrations of A. asphodeloides was higher than that of gastric cancer cells. Apoptotic bodies and DNA ladders were observed to be induced in MKN45 and KATO-III by A. asphodeloides. The caspase 3 inhibitor, AcDEVD-CHO, inhibited the apoptotic cell death of gastric cancer cells induced by A. asphodeloides. The caspase 3-like activity in MKN45 and KATO-III cells increased after the addition of A. asphodeloides. Cytochrome c was released from mitochondria into the cytosol 8 h after the addition of A. asphodeloides, and reached a peak at 16h. The peak of cytochrome c release was earlier than that of caspase 3-like activity. We concluded that A. asphodeloides inhibited the growth of the gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and KATO-III and induced apoptosis. The apoptosis of... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: TT virus (TTV) has been identified as a candidate agent of non-A-E hepatitis virus. We investigated superinfection of TTV in patients with chronic hepatitis C and studied the susceptibility to interferon (IFN) treatment and its association with liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS: TTV DNA was examined using the seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and its virus level was measured by the real-time fluorometric PCR. RESULTS: TTV DNA was detected in 20 of 102 (19.6%) patients examined. There was no significant difference in the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level between patients with or without TTV DNA. Quantitative analysis of HCV RNA and TTV DNA revealed no correlation between virus levels in HCV/TTV-coinfected patients. Both TTV and HCV were sensitive to IFN therapy. Complete response to IFN with a sustained loss of viremia for 24 wk after completion of IFN treatment was found in 11 of 20 (55%) patients with respect to TTV DNA and in five of 20 (25%) patients with respect to HCV RNA. The mean pretreatment HCV RNA level was significantly lower in the complete-response cases than in the no-response cases, but there was no significant difference in the pretreatment TTV DNA levels between them. ALT normalization resulting from IFN therapy was not attributable to the eradication of TTV DNA but was attributable to that of HCV RNA. Superinfection by TTV did not influence the effect of IFN against HCV. No specific TTV genotype correlating with IFN sensitivity was found. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TTV infection stands independent of HCV infection, with no influence on liver injury as a result of HCV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK)/ganciclovir (GCV) administration system is commonly used in gene therapy trials. We have evaluated the effect of ponicidin, a diterpenoid isolated from a plant, Rabdosia ternifolia, on the cell-killing activity of the anti-herpes drugs acyclovir (ACV) and GCV. Ponicidin preferentially activated HSV-1-specific TK but not cellular kinases. In HSV-infected cells, ponicidin significantly accumulated the phosphorylated metabolites of GCV and suppressed the extracellular release of GCV. These data suggested that the cytotoxicities of ACV and GCV in HSV-TK-expressing cells might be potentiated by ponicidin. After transfected with the HSV-1 TK gene, COS-1 and several human cancer cells became highly sensitive to the cytotoxic properties of the nucleoside analogs. When ponicidin at the concentration without antiviral activities (0.2 μg/mL) was combined with ACV or GCV, the cytotoxic levels in HSV-TK-expressing cells were enhanced by 3- to 87-fold and 5- to 52-fold, respectively, compared with the nucleoside alone. When the stability of the bioactivity of ponicidin in the blood of mice was evaluated, the substance showed relatively long-lasting effects on the potentiation of the anti-herpetic and cytotoxic activities of GCV after intravenous administration. These data suggest that the combined use of ponicidin with GCV will be effective for cancer gene therapy, because high cytotoxicity in viral TK-expressing cells should yield more rapid and enhanced tumor elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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From the leaves of Derris trifoliata, collected in Okinawa, 15 glycosidic compounds were isolated and identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the aerial parts of Perovskia scrophularifolia, a traditional medicinal plant in Uzbekistan, 11 known compounds, including 4 abietane-type diterpenoids, 1 flavone and 6 glycosides, were isolated and identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the possibility of lanthanum (La)-nucleus creation via the reaction Cs(2d, γ )La on the three-ion quasi-molecule CsD 2 in the CsD 2 Pd 12 -cluster. In order to calculate d–Cs–d (or D–Cs–D) three-body bound states and wave functions, we adopt a very accurate three-body variational method with more than 80 figures. The CsD 2 and La binding energies and wave functions are obtained with an S-wave trial functions. The wave function overlap (WFO) value between the La nuclear excited state and the several CsD 2 quasi molecular modified states is calculated. It should be stressed that the WFO value is of critical importance for the existence of the electro-magnetic transition in the Cs(2d, γ )La reaction. We found that the WFO value is very sensitive to the nuclear potential tail with a two- or three-body 1 / r 2 -type long range hadron potential, and gives a promising result for the reaction. The result is also followed by the three-body Faddeev calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]