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The aerodynamic characteristics of flapping rotary wings (FRWs) have received considerable attention in design. In this study, optimizations of aerodynamic performance and kinematics of FRWs over the parameter space are explored. A well-validated Quasi-Steady model is employed to estimate the aerodynamic characteristics of FRWs in hovering flight, and a genetic algorithm is utilized for optimizing. It is assumed that flapping and pitching motion are given by motion parameters actively, while rotation is produced passively. Our results show that the optimal kinematic parameters are independent of flapping frequencies. The maximum lift comes from the high rotational speed caused by the small pitching amplitude, and the maximum power factor is from the large pitching amplitude. The dimensionless optimization of the flapping velocity as reference velocity is comparable to the dimensional results. The optimization model proposed in this study can be applied to the actual model for qualitative analysis. Rotational equilibrium power factor can reach more than 80% of the maximum value without rotation equilibrium constraint, but which rotational status can achieve the maximum power factor depends on the pitching angle at the mid-downstroke (αd). This study is helpful for the kinematic parameter design and further research of FRWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of various design parameters on the ultimate load of the bias component of the pipe-roof pre-construction (PP) structure, a variable section steel-concrete-steel (VSSCS) bias component, incorporating studs, was designed, and a bias loading test conducted. The impact of component parameters on bearing capacity underwent further analysis using a finite element model, leading to the optimization of the PP structure and a revision of its bearing capacity calculation model. The following conclusions are obtained: 1) The failure mode of VSSCS bias components is mainly characterized by large eccentric tensile failure. 2) For each 1mm increase in steel plate thickness and each 5 Mpa enhancement in concrete strength, the maximum bearing capacity of the component correspondingly rises by 1.6%–10.9% and 6.4%–15.7%, respectively. 3) The strength and stiffness of the components are increased by 9.2%–13.1% and 18.1%–64.9% by adding stud connectors, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of low concentration of Wenyang Tonglin Decoction (WTD) on the binding conditions of R45 plasmid conjugative transfer under liquid phase conjugation and its mechanism. Methods: Escherichia coli CP9 (R45) and Staphylococcus aureus RN450RF were cultured in medium containing WTD, and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were obtained. Using promoter fusion technology, E. coli CP9 (R45) containing a promoter fusion was obtained. β-Galactosidase activity of TrfAp and TrbBp was tested, and the mRNA expression of regulatory factors (TrbA, KorA, and KorB) was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The MIC of E. coli CP9 (R45) was 400 g/L and that of S. aureus RN450RF was 200 g/L. When the drug concentration in the culture medium was 200 g/L, the highest number of conjugants was (3.47 ±0.20) × 107 CFU/mL At 90 h of conjugation, the maximum number of conjugants was (1.15 ±0.06) × 108 CFU/mL When the initial bacterial concentration was 108 CFU/mL, the maximum number of conjugants was (3.47 ± 0.20) × 107 CFU/mL. When the drug concentration was 200 g/L, the β-galactosidase activity of TrfAp and TrbBp significantly increased; the relative quantification of TrbA, KorA and KorB were significantly inhibited. Conclusion: Low concentration of WTD promoted the development of bacterial resistance by affecting promoters and inhibiting the expression of regulatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinning joined conical-cylindrical shells (JCCSs) with bolt boundary constraints are widely used in rotor systems of aero-engines, and always operate in thermal environments. Under external excitation, the friction hysteresis phenomenon of bolt connections often occurs, and the high-temperature environment further changes the friction characteristics of the connection interface, making the vibration characteristics of the system nonlinear and complex. Till now, research on the nonlinear vibration of spinning JCCSs caused by bolt connections with the temperature effect is scarce. To address this problem, this study develops a nonlinear dynamic model of spinning JCCSs with bolt boundary constraints in a thermal environment for the first time. A novel equivalent mechanical model of the bolt connection is established, which is represented by the nonlinear stiffness and damping with amplitude and temperature-dependent characteristics. The energy expressions of spinning conical and cylindrical shell components are deduced by Donnell's shell theory. The rigid joint between the conical and cylindrical shells is realized via successive distributed artificial springs. The Chebyshev polynomials are adopted as the admissible functions, and the governing equation is obtained by the Lagrange equation. Then, by comparison with the available literature, finite element simulation, and experiment test, the accuracy of the established theoretical model is validated. The nonlinear vibration mechanism is illustrated from aspects of equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping. Finally, the effects of spinning speed and temperature on nonlinear vibrations of bolted JCCSs are further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality, defined by Lord Kelvin, refers to the geometric symmetry property of an object that cannot be superposed onto its mirror image using rotations and translations. The material's chirality can be probed with light as the optical activity: optical rotary dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD). It is still challenging to yield extremely sensitive ORD and CD for very weak chirality and measure both simultaneously. Cavity ringdown polarimetry has been reported to improve ORD detection sensitivity with the absence of equally important CD signature, at the price of high cavity finesse near 400, frequency-locking sophistication, and large magnetic field. Here, we report a unique recipe to demonstrate the simultaneous measurement of ORD and the CD by separately observing the chiral eigenmode spectra from a bowtie optical cavity with a finesse about 30, without resorting to frequency locking or magnetic field. We obtain a sensitivity of ∼ 2.7 × 10 - 3 deg / Hz for ORD, ∼ 8.1 × 10 - 6 / Hz for CD, and a spectral resolution of 0.04 pm within a millisecond-scale measurement. We present a cost-effective yet ultrasensitive account for chiral chromatography, the conformational dynamics and chiroptical analysis of biological samples which particularly exhibit weak and narrow spectral signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy is the first-line treatment for eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The optimal duration for H. pylori eradication using bismuth-containing quadruple therapy remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to compare the clinical effects of the 10- and 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple treatment regimen to eradicate H. pylori. Methods: Treatment-naïve patients with H. pylori infection (n = 1300) were enrolled in this multicenter randomized controlled study across five hospitals in China. They were randomized into 10- or 14-day treatment groups to receive bismuth-containing quadruple therapy as follows: vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily; bismuth 220 mg twice daily; amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily; and either clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily or tetracycline 500 mg four times daily. At least 6 weeks after treatment, we performed a 13C-urea breath test to evaluate H. pylori eradication. Results: The per-protocol eradication rates were 93.22% (564/605) and 93.74% (569/607) (p < 0.001) and the intention-to-treat eradication rates were 88.62% (576/650) and 89.38% (581/650) (p = 0.007) for the 10- and 14-day regimens, respectively. Incidence of adverse effects was lower in patients who received 10- vs. 14 days of treatment (22.59% vs. 28.50%, p = 0.016). We observed no significant differences in the compliance to treatment or the discontinuation of therapy because of severe adverse effects between the groups. Conclusion: Compared with the 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimens, the 10-day regimen demonstrated a non-inferior efficacy and lower incidence of adverse effects. Therefore, the 10-day regimen is safe and tolerated and could be recommended for H. pylori eradication (NCT05049902). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermosensation is vital for the survival, propagation, and adaption of all organisms, but its mechanism is not fully understood yet. Here, we find that TMC6, a membrane protein of unknown function, is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and functions as a Gαq-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-like receptor to sense noxious heat. TMC6-deficient mice display a substantial impairment in noxious heat sensation while maintaining normal perception of cold, warmth, touch, and mechanical pain. Further studies show that TMC6 interacts with Gαq via its intracellular C-terminal region spanning Ser780 to Pro810. Specifically disrupting such interaction using polypeptide in DRG neurons, genetically ablating Gαq, or pharmacologically blocking Gαq-coupled GPCR signaling can replicate the phenotype of TMC6 deficient mice regarding noxious heat sensation. Noxious heat stimulation triggers intracellular calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of TMC6- but not control vector-transfected HEK293T cell, which can be significantly inhibited by blocking PLC or IP3R. Consistently, noxious heat-induced intracellular Ca2+ release from ER and action potentials of DRG neurons largely reduced when ablating TMC6 or blocking Gαq/PLC/IP3R signaling pathway as well. In summary, our findings indicate that TMC6 can directly function as a Gαq-coupled GPCR-like receptor sensing noxious heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wavefront control is the fundamental requirement in optical informatics. Planar optics have drawn intensive attention due to the merits of compactness and light weight. However, it remains a challenge to freely manipulate the dispersion, hindering practical applications, especially in imaging. Here, we propose the concept of frequency-synthesized phase engineering to solve this problem. A phasefront-frequency matrix is properly designed to encode different spatial phases to separate frequencies, thus makes arbitrary dispersion tailoring and even frequency-separated functionalization possible. The periodically rotated director endows cholesteric liquid crystal with a spin and frequency selective reflection. Moreover, via presetting the local initial orientation of liquid crystal, geometric phase is encoded to the reflected light. We verify the proposed strategy by cascading the chiral anisotropic optical media of specifically designed helical pitches and initial director orientations. By this means, planar lenses with RGB achromatic, enhanced chromatic aberration and color routing properties are demonstrated. Inch-sized and high-efficient lenses are fabricated with low crosstalk among colors. It releases the freedom of dispersion control of planar optics, and even enables frequency decoupled phase modulations. This work brings new insights to functional planar optics and may upgrade the performance of existing optical apparatuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningioma is a prevalent intracranial malignancy known for its aggressive growth. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in the development of various cancers. However, their involvement in meningioma remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of hsa_circ_0004872 in meningioma. The molecular expression of hsa_circ_0004872, PD-L1 and EIF4A3 was identified by RT-qPCR and/or western blot assays. Cell viability, migration, and invasion were assessed through CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined using an LDH assay, and cell apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry. The RNA and protein interactions were assessed through RNA-protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down analyses. Our findings revealed that hsa_circ_0004872 expression was significantly downregulated in both meningioma tissue samples and cells. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0004872 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape of meningioma cells, as well as enhanced the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells by suppressing PD-L1. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0004872 directly interacted with EIF4A3, leading to the degradation of PD-L1 mRNA. Finally, inhibiting EIF4A3 improved the proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape of meningioma cells, as well as the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Our study demonstrated that hsa_circ_0004872 mitigated the proliferation, metastasis,and immune escape of meningioma cells by targeting the EIF4A3/PD-L1 axis. These findings suggested that hsa_circ_0004872 and EIF4A3 might serve as promising biological markers and therapeutic targets for meningioma treatment. Highlights: Hsa_circ_0004872 was downregulated in meningiomas and negatively correlated with PD-L1. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0004872 hindered the metastasis and immune escape of meningioma cells. Hsa_circ_0004872 competitively interacted to EIF4A3 to decay PD-L1 mRNA. EIF4A3 upregulation facilitated the metastasis and immune escape of meningioma cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contact states including stick, slip, and separation can occur at the bolted joint interface of bolted flange joint structures, which significantly affects and complicates the vibration characteristics of connected structures. However, the mechanism of the influence of these three contact states on structural vibration is still not well understood. This paper establishes a universal theoretical model of bolted flange joint plate systems considering the stick, slip, and separation states simultaneously, which can be extended to a structure with an arbitrary number of bolts and plates. The bi-linear hysteretic model is adopted to model the three contact states. The contact pressure between the bolts and flanges is considered as two-dimensional distribution form, which is closer to real contact situation. Based on the Kirchhoff plate theory, the energy functions of plate and flange are obtained. Further, the nonlinear dynamic equation is derived using Lagrange equations, and solved by the Newmark-beta method. The experimental studies are performed on a plate system connected with bolted flange joint to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical model. The results highlight the influence of separation state and friction coefficient on the vibration response. It is found that as the tightening torque decreases, the resonance amplitude increases due to the occurrence of interface separation. The slip state can cause the nonlinear softening property, but this property will weaken when the separation occurs at bolted joint interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For achieving high precision and effectiveness in five-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools, the geometrical accuracy of the rotary axes is a crucial performance criterion. Furthermore, recent advancements in commercial CNCs for machine tools have enabled the numerical compensation for all parameters of geometric errors within rotary axes. As a result, this paper initially delves into the evolution of ISO standards concerning the accuracy testing and error definition in machine tools. Subsequently, the classifications of the rotary axis's geometric errors in five-axis machine tools are described in this paper. Moreover, this paper comprehensively reviews various measurement schemes aimed at identifying the geometric errors of rotary axes. These measurement schemes are categorized based on the measurement instruments or technologies employed. Finally, it is essential to emphasize that this paper offers an overview of diverse measurement theories and technologies pertaining to geometric errors in rotary axes. The primary aim is to contribute to the progression of geometric error measurement and compensation in five-axis machine tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Solar activity, such as sunspots and flares, has a great impact on humans, living beings, and technologies in the whole world. Changes in sunspots will influence high-frequency and space-navigation radio communications. Based on the full-disk, southern and northern hemispheres sunspot areas (SAs) data in 1874–2023 from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich (RGO) USAF/NOAA, extreme value theory (EVT) is applied to predict the trend of the 25th and 26th solar cycles (SCs) in this work. Two methods with EVT, the block maxima (BM) approach and the peaks-over-threshold (POT) approach, are employed to research solar extreme events. The former method focuses on each block's maximum sunspot areas value and is applied for the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The latter method aims to select the extreme values exceeding a threshold value and is used to obtain the generalized Pareto (GP) distribution. It is the first time that the EVT is applied on the sunspot areas data from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich (RGO) USAF/NOAA. The analysis indicates that the estimated 8-year return levels for sunspot areas are 5701 and 6258 using the two methods, while the estimated 19-year return levels are all 7165. This suggests that the trends of the 25th and 26th solar cycles will be stronger than that of the 24th solar cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose disturbances are a common comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and have been extensively studied in the past. However, few studies have explored glucose disturbances in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of glucose disturbances in FEDN MDD patients to understand the relationship between MDD and glucose disturbances in the acute early phase and provide important implications for therapeutic interventions. Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited a total of 1718 MDD patients. We collected their socio-demographic information, clinical data, and blood glucose indicators.17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the positive symptom subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess their depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, respectively. The prevalence of glucose disturbances in FEDN MDD patients was 13.6%. Depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms, body mass index (BMI) levels and suicide attempts rates were higher in the group with glucose disorders than in the group without glucose disorders among patients with first-episode drug-naive MDD. Correlation analysis showed that glucose disturbances were associated with HAMD score, HAMA score, BMI, psychotic symptoms and suicide attempts. Furthermore, binary logistic regression showed that HAMD score and suicide attempts were independently associated with glucose disturbances in MDD patients. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of comorbid glucose disturbances is very high in FEDN MDD patients. Moreover, more severe depressive symptoms and higher suicide attempts are correlated with glucose disturbances in MDD FEDN patients in the early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoresponsive fluorescent compounds have been widely used to prepare the encryption inks for modern information security. In this study, a photoresponsive fluorescent material based on dithienylethene DTE-PIO4 was synthesized by oxidizing the two sulfur atoms to sulfones. Its solution presented a distinctive fluorescence switching performance when compared with the traditional "turn-off" mode fluorescent dithienylethene, while irreversible "turn-off" fluorescence switching was observed in PMMA films and solid state upon exposure to 254 nm UV light. Remarkably, the PMMA ink was successfully prepared by incorporation with DTE-PIO4, which indicated the great potential in the fields of optical information storage and ink printing. Further research on information encryption has also been demonstrated through the blending of DTE-PIO4 with DTE-PI in PMMA medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), known for causing gastric inflammation, gastritis and gastric cancer, prompted our study to investigate the differential expression of cytokines in gastric tissues, which is crucial for understanding H. pylori infection and its potential progression to gastric cancer. Focusing on Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α, we analysed gene and protein levels to differentiate between H. pylori-infected and non-infected gastritis. We utilised real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for gene quantification, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA for protein measurement. Gastric samples from patients with gastritis were divided into three groups: (1) non-gastritis (N-group) group, (2) gastritis without H. pylori infection (G-group), and (3) gastritis with H. pylori infection (GH-group), each consisting of 8 samples. Our findings revealed a statistically significant variation in cytokine expression. Generally, cytokine levels were higher in gastritis, but in H. pylori-infected gastritis, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were lower compared to H. pylori-independent gastritis, while IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α levels were higher. This distinct cytokine expression pattern in H. pylori-infected gastritis underscores a unique inflammatory response, providing deeper insights into its pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Chronic abdominal wall pain is a poorly recognized cause of chronic abdominal pain, and patients frequently go misdiagnosed despite a battery of medical tests. The Carnett's test is a diagnostic tool used to distinguish between abdominal wall pain and visceral pain. This review synthesizes the current literature on the Carnett's test, merges the viewpoints of diverse writers, and evaluates and reports on the Carnett's test's applicability. Recent Findings: Several clinical investigations have established the usefulness of the Carnett's test in the diagnosis of chronic abdominal wall pain. Furthermore, the Carnett's test is quite useful in determining the depth of the mass and detecting psychogenic abdominal pain. However, its diagnostic use for acute abdominal pain is limited. Summary: The Carnett's test is a simple and safe point-of-care diagnostic technique, with several studies supporting its usefulness. Early detection of abdominal wall pain is critical for chronic abdominal wall pain therapy. Carnett's test is very useful in patients with chronic, unexplained local abdominal discomfort who are compliant and do not have a clear rationale for surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vectorial optics with fine inhomogeneous polarization control are highly desired. Metasurfaces have been captivated a promising candidate, but their static post-fabrication geometry largely limits the dynamic tunability. Liquid crystal (LC) is usually employed as an additional index-changing layer together with metasurfaces. Unfortunately, most of the reported LCs only impart a varying but uniform phase on top of that from the metasurface, which we term "scalar" LC optics. Here, we pixelate a single-layer LC to display versatile and tunable vectorial holography, in which the polarization and amplitude could be arbitrarily and independently controlled at varying spatial positions. Furthermore, the subtle and vectorial LC-holography highlights the broadband and electrically-switchable functionalities. Our vectorial LC holography reveals significant opportunities for advanced cryptography, super-resolution imaging, and many other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the variations of the Walker Circulations during the Last Interglacial (LIG, ~ 130–115 ka BP) may advance our knowledge of climate change in an orbitally induced warmer world. Here we investigate the variations and the underpinning mechanisms of the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC) and the Indian Ocean Walker Circulation (IWC) during the LIG, using the lig127k experiments from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 4. Compared to the preindustrial, annual PWC is broadened by 3° and strengthened by 3.5% during the LIG, whereas annual IWC is narrowed by 3° and weakened by 17.2%. The antiphase change between annual PWC and IWC during the LIG is dominated by the change in boreal warm seasons (June–October), which is in turn closely tied to the changes in sea surface temperatures between the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Specifically, the models predict a general warming over the tropical Indian Ocean but cooling over the tropical western Pacific in boreal warm seasons during the LIG. This interbasin contrast results in enhanced sea-level pressure over the tropical western Pacific and decreased sea-level pressure over the tropical Indian Ocean, together with opposite changes in precipitation. The west-to-east sea-level pressure gradient contributes to anomalous low-level easterlies in the deep tropics. These changes result in an enhancement and broadening of the PWC, whereas a reverse change for the IWC. The proposed dominating role of interbasin contrast in temperature anomaly is further confirmed by a linear baroclinic model and an atmospheric general circulation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of dielectric ceramics for energy storage has received great research attention due to high power density and extremely high charge–discharge speed in recent years. Herein, the lead-free (1-x)(0.92K0.5Na0.5NbO3-0.08Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3)-xBi(Zn0.5Zr0.5)O3 [(1-x)(0.92KNN-0.08SBT)-xBZZ] ceramics were prepared. The enhanced energy storage performance in the x = 0.15 sample, with large recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 3.35 J/cm3 and high energy efficiency (η) of 81.9%, which can export satisfactory in temperatures (25–150 °C) and frequencies (1–100 Hz). It is revealed that the introduction of BZZ can enhance relaxor behaviors and decrease grain size, which are supported by the dielectric tunability, polarization hysteresis, and microstructure. Also, a superfast discharge speed (t0.9 = 27.2 ns) and a high power density (PD = 26.04 WM/cm3), with minimal fluctuation of ≤ 5.6%, are examined ranging from 20 °C to 120 °C. These characteristics render 0.85(0.92KNN-0.08SBT)-0.15BZZ ceramic promising candidate for high power energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For classical waves, phase matching is vital for enabling efficient energy transfer in many scenarios, such as waveguide coupling and nonlinear optical frequency conversion. Here, we propose a temporal quasi-phase matching method and realize robust and complete acoustical energy transfer between arbitrarily detuned cavities. In a set of three cavities, A, B, and C, the time-varying coupling is established between adjacent elements. Analogy to the concept of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, amplitudes of the two couplings are modulated as time-delayed Gaussian functions, and the couplings' signs are periodically flipped to eliminate temporal phase mismatching. As a result, robust and complete acoustic energy transfer from A to C is achieved. The non-reciprocal frequency conversion properties of our design are demonstrated. Our research takes a pivotal step towards expanding wave steering through time-dependent modulations and is promising to extend the frequency conversion based on state evolution in various linear Hermitian systems to nonlinear and non-Hermitian regimes. Phase matching is pivotal for realizing complete energy transfer for classical waves. Here, authors propose temporal quasi-phase matching method and realize robust and complete energy transfer between arbitrarily detuned acoustic cavities by combing the concept of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The next generation of high-capacity, multi-task optical informatics requires sophisticated manipulation of multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs) of light, especially when they are coupled in a non-separable way. Vector beam, as a typical non-separable state between the spin and orbital angular momentum DoFs, mathematically akin to entangled qubits, has inspired multifarious theories and applications in both quantum and classical regimes. Although qubit rotation is a vital and ubiquitous operation in quantum informatics, its classical analogue is rarely studied. Here, we demonstrate the logical rotation of vectorial non-separable states via the uniform self-assembled chiral superstructures, with favorable controllability, high compactness and exemption from formidable alignment. Photonic band engineering of such 1D chiral photonic crystal renders the incident-angle-dependent evolution of the spatially-variant polarizations. The logical rotation angle of a non-separable state can be tuned in a wide range over 4π by this single homogeneous device, flexibly providing a set of distinguished logic gates. Potential applications, including angular motion tracking and proof-of-principle logic network, are demonstrated by specific configuration. This work brings important insight into soft matter photonics and present an elegant strategy to harness high-dimensional photonic states. The logical rotation of non-separable states with a large tunable range is demonstrated by the uniformly self-assembled chiral superstructures, which enables a set of logic gates, proof-of-principle logic network, and angular motion tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thorax is the central component of the insect flight drivetrain, making it essential to understand how thoracic muscles influence insect flight for flapping wing microair vehicle design. This paper presents a theoretical model that takes into account the influence of thoracic muscles on flapping wing motion with reference to real insects. The thoracic muscle effect is simulated by the chordwise torsional spring, whose stiffness is derived from a comparison test with the results of real insect experiments. The elastic deformation of the flexible flapping wing is modeled by the von Kármán nonlinear plate theory. The predictive quasi-steady aerodynamic model based on the blade element theory can estimate the aerodynamic force, and the modeling of the spanwise bending and twisting is done with quadratic polynomials. The equations of motion are solved using the Newmark-Raphson method. Results suggest that including the influence of thoracic muscles decreases cycle-averaged lift and power, but enhances the efficiency of lift production by 23%. Moreover, it also postpones pitching motion and reduces its amplitude, though the movement trends of the flapping motion remain approximately unchanged regardless of the inclusion of the thoracic muscle effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulating evidence revealed that gut microbiota plays an important role in pathological process of disease including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Polysaccharides extracted from Chinese medicine (CM) can not only alleviate pathological status but also promote health by anti-inflammatory, regulating immunity, lowering blood glucose and lipids, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidation. The alterations of gut microbiota composition and metabolism pathways are the potential mechanisms of CM polysaccharides treatment. In addition, they exert functions through gut-organ axis or play an indirect role by synergistic actions with other drugs or components mediated by gut microbiota. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of CM polysaccharides interacted with intestinal microbial inhabitants as potential prebiotics for promoting health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform a high-precision computation of the three-loop three-point form factor of the stress-tensor supermultiplet in N = 4 SYM. Both the leading-color and sub-leading-color form factors are expanded in terms of simple integrals. We compute the complete set of integrals at a special kinematic point with very high precision using AMFlow. The high-precision leading-color result enables us to obtain the analytic form of a numerical constant in the three-loop BDS ansatz, which is previously known only numerically. The high-precision values of the non-leading-color finite remainder as well as all integrals are also presented, which can be valuable for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolution of East Asian monsoonal precipitation across the Last Interglacial (LIG) remains controversial, owing to the discrepancies between various proxies and their low temporal resolution. Through a transient high-resolution global climate simulation covering the interval of 130–120 ka, we illustrate a long-term increasing (decreasing) trend in summer precipitation over south China (northeast Asia) during the LIG (i.e. 130–120 ka). The out-of-phase precipitation evolution across latitudes were coherently regulated by the weakened monsoonal circulation, southward moved western North Pacific high, and southward displaced East Asian westerly jet from the early to late LIG. These atmospheric circulation variations were in turn determined by sea surface temperature anomalies over the Pacific and the propagation of extratropical Rossby waves originating from North Africa. Our results may provide important insights for reconciling discrepancies between precipitation proxies during the LIG and for precipitation behavior in a warmer-than-present world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Branched flows occur ubiquitously in various wave systems, when the propagating waves encounter weak correlated scattering potentials. Here we report the experimental realization of electrical tuning of the branched flow of light using a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) system. We create the physical realization of the weakly correlated disordered potentials of light via the inhomogeneous orientations of the NLC. We demonstrate that the branched flow of light can be switched on and off as well as tuned continuously through the electro-optical properties of NLC film. We further show that the branched flow can be manipulated by the polarization of the incident light due to the optical anisotropy of the NLC film. The nature of the branched flow of light is revealed via the unconventional intensity statistics and the rapid fidelity decay along the light propagation. Our study unveils an excellent platform for the tuning of the branched flow of light which creates a testbed for fundamental physics and offers a new way for steering light. Here the authors experimentally realize the electrical tuning of branched flow of light in nematic liquid crystals. The statistical properties and the polarization effect of the branched flow of light in the film are systematically studied adding fundamental insights on branched flow of light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invertebrate species are a natural reservoir of viral genetic diversity, and invertebrate pests are widely distributed in crop fields. However, information on viruses infecting invertebrate pests of crops is limited. In this report, we describe the deep metatranscriptomic sequencing of 88 invertebrate samples covering all major invertebrate pests in rice fields. We identified 296 new RNA viruses and 13 known RNA viruses. These viruses clustered within 31 families, with many highly divergent viruses constituting potentially new families and genera. Of the identified viruses, 13 RNA viruses clustered within the Fiersviridae family of bacteriophages, and 48 RNA viruses clustered within families and genera of mycoviruses. We detected known rice viruses in novel invertebrate hosts at high abundances. Furthermore, some novel RNA viruses have genome structures closely matching to known plant viruses and clustered within genera of several plant virus species. Forty-five potential insect pathogenic RNA viruses were detected in invertebrate species. Our analysis revealed that host taxonomy plays a major role and geographical location plays an important role in structuring viral diversity. Cross-species transmission of RNA viruses was detected between invertebrate hosts. Newly identified viral genomes showed extensive variation for invertebrate viral families or genera. Together, the large-scale metatranscriptomic analysis greatly expands our understanding of RNA viruses in rice invertebrate species, the results provide valuable information for developing efficient strategies to manage insect pests and virus-mediated crop diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critical to maintaining cell fate decisions. Recent study showed that liquid–liquid-phase separation (LLPS) of Axin organized the β-catenin destruction complex condensates in a normal cellular state. Mutations inactivating the APC gene are found in approximately 80% of all human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanism of the formation of β-catenin destruction complex condensates organized by Axin phase separation and how APC mutations impact the condensates are still unclear. Here, we report that the β-catenin destruction complex, which is constructed by Axin, was assembled condensates via a phase separation process in CRC cells. The key role of wild-type APC is to stabilize destruction complex condensates. Surprisingly, truncated APC did not affect the formation of condensates, and GSK 3β and CK1α were unsuccessfully recruited, preventing β-catenin phosphorylation and resulting in accumulation in the cytoplasm of CRCs. Besides, we propose that the phase separation ability of Axin participates in the nucleus translocation of β-catenin and be incorporated and concentrated into transcriptional condensates, affecting the transcriptional activity of Wnt signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gram-stain-negative, motile (by single polar flagellum) and rod-shaped bacterium, designated W1-6T, was isolated from a sediment of drainage ditch in winery in Guiyang, south-western China. Strain W1-6T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strain of Acidovorax wautersii (98.1%) and Simplicispira lacusdiani (97.9%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain W1-6T was placed adjacent to the members of the genus Simplicispira and formed a separat subclade. Cells showed oxidase and catalase negative reactions. The only respiratory quinone detected was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). Summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c) were predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of strain W1-6T. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and five unidentified phospholipids were found in the polar lipid extraction. The genomic DNA G + C content was 65.6%. Strain W1-6T shared the highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization [dDDH, (27.6%)] and average nucleotide identity [ANI (84.3%)] values with the type strain of S. lacusdiani. The dDDH and ANI values were below the cutoff level (dDDH 70%; ANI 95–96%) for species delineation. The polyphasic characteristics indicated that the strain W1-6T represents a novel species of the genus Simplicispira, for which the name Simplicispira sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W1-6T (= CGMCC 1.16274T = NBRC 115624T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gas-liquid two-phase homogenous flow has been extensively investigated without the effect of gas release. However, the dissolved gas will release when internal water pressure drops below saturation pressure during hydraulic transients. This results in inaccuracy or even invalidity of the existing model for homogenous flows, especially for the reproduction of two-phase mass transfer processes. To address this problem, this paper couples the gas release model with conservation equations of homogenous flows, which are numerically solved by the second-order Godunov-type scheme (GTS). Specifically, a virtual-cell method is adopted at system boundaries to achieve the same second-order accuracy as interior cells, which is realized by the monotonic upwind scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL-Hancock scheme). Simulated pressure curves by the proposed model are compared with a series of analytical, numerical and experimental results. It indicates that the proposed model with gas release effects reproduces actual pressure responses most accurately, with minimum relative error and root mean squared error compared with experimental data. Moreover, the gas release leads to dynamic synchronous fluctuations of void fraction, wave speed and pressure head, including the opposite trends of void fraction and pressure, and higher void fraction leading to greater wave speed depression. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is concluded with recommended Courant number, and different gas release effects in different initial void fractions. Present research increases the basic understanding of two-phase mass transfer processes and their implications for hydraulic transients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the detection precision of the transient electromagnetic method, dense observation points and windows are necessary. However, to keep the number of samples in every acquisition window unchanged, the sampling rate of principal transient electromagnetic instruments decreases with transmitter frequency, and the increased windows reduce the original signal-to-noise ratio at the cost of decreasing the number of samples participating in the statistical average. Taking the V8 receiver from Phoenix Geophysics as an example, this study analyzes the main steps in the signal detection of a transient electromagnetic instrument. Following the Wiener-Khinchin law of large numbers, herein, a fixed, high-sampling-rate receiver scheme, which does not decrease the number of samples participating in the statistical average while increasing the windows, is proposed. Starting from the Nyquist sampling theorem, we provide the definition of detection precision with the dimension of length. Then, according to the necessary conditions for reconstructing a geoelectric structure, we determine the relationship between a survey grid space and a detection depth space corresponding to window interval as well as the minimum period in a geoelectric signal spectrum. The exploration of the multilayer, water-filled goaf of the Dazigou Coal Mine in Datong shows the aliasing caused by undersampling and the fine geoelectric section obtained using additional conditions under a geophysical premise. The necessary conditions for the reconstruction of the geoelectric structure indicate that satisfying the Nyquist sampling theorem may be insufficient in reconstructing the geoelectric structure, but the structure must not be reconstructed completely without not satisfying this theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through multiple different pathways, the environmental multiple metals make their ways to the human bodies, where they induce different levels of the oxidative stress response. This study further investigated the impact of multiple-metal exposure on the risk of developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We designed a case–control study with type 2 diabetic patients (T2D), in which the case group was the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (PDR group), while the control group was the non-diabetic retinopathy group (NDR group). Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used to detect the metal levels in our participants' urine samples. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression approach was used to include these representative trace elements in a multiple exposure model. Following that, logistic regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to describe the effect of different elements and also analyze their combined effect. In the single-element model, we discovered that lithium (Li), cadmium (Cd), and strontium (Sr) were all positively related to PDR. The multiple-exposure model revealed a positive relationship between Li and PDR risk, with a maximum quartile OR of 2.80 (95% CI: 1.10–7.16). The BKMR model also revealed that selenium (Se) might act as a protective agent, whereas magnesium (Mg), Li, and Cd may raise the risk of PDR. In conclusion, our study not only revealed an association between exposure to multiple metals and PDR risk but it also implied that urine samples might be a useful tool to assess PDR risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are concerned with the precise relationship between the Hausdorff dimension of possible singular point set S of suitable weak solutions and the parameter α in the nonlinear term in the following parabolic equation h t + h x x x x + ∂ x x | h x | α = f. It is shown that when 5 / 3 ≤ α < 7 / 3 , the 3 α − 5 α − 1 dimensional parabolic Hausdorff measure of S is zero, which generalizes the recent corresponding work of Ozánski and Robinson in [SIAM J. Math. Anal., 51, 228–255 (2019)] for α = 2 and f = 0. The same result is valid for a 3D modified Navier–Stokes system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the dissociation effect of J / Ψ in magnetized, rotating QGP matter at finite temperature and chemical potential using gauge/gravity duality. By incorporating angular velocity into the holographic magnetic catalysis model, we analyze the influence of temperature, chemical potential, magnetic field, and angular velocity on the properties of J / Ψ meson. The results reveal that temperature, chemical potential, and rotation enhance the dissociation effect and increase the effective mass in the QGP phase. However, the magnetic field suppresses dissociation, and its effect on the effective mass is non-trivial. Additionally, we explore the interplay between magnetic field and rotation, identifying a critical angular velocity that determines the dominant effect. As a parallel study, we also examine the rotation effect in the holographic inverse magnetic catalysis model, although the magnetic field exhibits distinctly different behaviors in these two models, the impact of rotation on the dissociation effect of J / Ψ is similar. Finally, we investigate the influence of electric field and demonstrate that it also speeds up the J / Ψ dissociation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Numerous immune cell types, such as B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK), and NKT cells, are related to the pathogenesis of diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our goal in this investigation is to examine the phenotype of NK cells and NKT cells alterations in individuals with SLE. Methods: Typically, 50 SLE patients and 24 age-matched healthy people had their PBMCs obtained. Employing flow cytometry, the phenotype of NK and NKT cells and immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT2) expressions were identified. ELISA was utilized to evaluate the amounts of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and sHLA-G in the serum. Results: The frequencies of the circulating NK and NKT cells in individuals with SLE were decreased compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, ILT2 expression was significantly increased in NKT cells, but showed no obvious change in NK cells. Clinical severity and active nephritis were substantially associated with ILT2+ NKT cell frequencies. The correlation study showed that the upregulation of ILT2 expression was related to sHLA-G in plasma but not to IL-15. Conclusions: ILT2+ NKT cells have a vital function in the immune abnormalities of SLE, which can also supply a viable goal for therapeutic intervention. Key Points •ILT2 expression was significantly increased in NKT cells in SLE patients. •ILT2+ NKT cell frequencies were associated with clinical severity which may be used as an indicator for evaluating disease activity in patients with SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major cause of duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. However, the optimal duration for H. pylori eradication therapy remains controversial. Most studies have mainly focused on triple therapy, and there is insufficient research on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effect of the 10-day bismuth-containing quadruple treatment regimen with the 14-day regime in eradicating H. pylori. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials published in English until May 2022 according to the eligibility criteria. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for eradication rates, adverse effects, and compliance were calculated for included studies. Four studies, involving 1173 patients, were eligible for inclusion. The eradication rate was similar in the 10-day treatment group and the 14-day treatment group in the intention-to-treat analysis (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.01). Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse effects was lower in patients who received 10 days of treatment than in those who received 14 days of treatment and patients' compliance was almost the same between two groups. Compared to the 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimens, 10-day regimens had similar efficacy and lower incidence of adverse effects. Therefore, the 10-day regimen is safe and well-tolerated and should be recommended for H. pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nb–16Si–18Ti–xB (at%, similarly hereinafter, x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloys were prepared by arc melting in a water-cooled copper crucible. The influences of B addition on their microstructures and properties were based on the data of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and electronic universal material testing machine. It is found that the addition of B promotes the formation of α-Nb5Si3 phase and suppresses the formation of Nb3Si phase. B addition also tends Nb–16Si–18Ti alloy to form the hypereutectic structures. The content of silicide phases shows a trend of firstly decreasing and then increasing in Nb–16Si–18Ti–xB (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloys. The size of Nb solid solution (Nbss) phase increases in Nb–16Si–18Ti–xB (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloys after heat treatment at 1523 K for 10 h. The room temperature compression strength of Nb–16Si–18Ti alloy increases firstly and then decreases with B addition. The high-temperature compression strength of Nb–16Si–18Ti alloy decreases firstly and then increases with B addition. It is found that the volume and size of silicide phases have a synergistic effect on the compression strength of Nb–Ti–Si-based alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag and Pb co-doped polycrystalline SnSe materials were prepared by melting, high-energy ball milling and hot pressing sintering successively, and then their thermoelectric properties were investigated systematically. The results show that the addition of Pb can effectively improve the conductivity. The room temperature carrier concentration of the Sn0.94Ag0.01Pb0.05Se sample reaches 2.9 × 1018 cm−3. Ag2Se phase was formed in the material. With the increase of Ag and Pb content, the SnSe polycrystalline grains grew significantly, resulting in the increase of thermal conductivity. The ZT value of the Sn0.98Ag0.01Pb0.01Se sample at 873 K is 1.4, which is lower than that of pure SnSe polycrystalline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to implement point prevalence survey (PPS), assess antimicrobial prescribing and resistance in general hospitals and clinical specialties in China, and compare them with similar data from other parts of the world. Twenty general hospitals in China were surveyed in October or November, 2019. A standardized surveillance protocol was used to collect data on patient demographics, diagnosis of infection, the prevalence and intensity of antimicrobial use, prescribing quality, bacterium type and resistance spectrum, and the prevalence and type of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Overall, 10,881 beds and 10,209 inpatients were investigated. The overall prevalence of antibiotic use was 37.00%, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical patients was high (74.97%). The intensity of antimicrobial use was 61.25 DDDs/100 patient days. Only 11.62% of antimicrobial prescriptions recorded the reason for prescribing. Intravenous or combination treatments comprised 92.02% and 38.07%, respectively, and only 30.65% of prescriptions referred to a microbiological or biomarker tests. The incidence of HAIs in all patients was 3.79%. The main associated factors for HAIs included more frequent invasive procedures (27.34%), longer hospital stay (> 1-week stay accounting for 51.47%), and low use of alcohol hand rubs (only 29.79% placed it bedside). Most of the resistant bacteria declined; only carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter is higher than previously reported. The prevalence of antibiotic use in general hospitals fell significantly, the overall bacterial resistance declined, and the incidence of HAI was low. However, the low quality of antimicrobial use requires urgent attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti43Al6Nb-xZr alloys with different additions of zirconium were prepared by vacuum arc melting furnace. The microstructure and compressive properties at room temperature (RT) were investigated. The microstructure shows dendrites with addition of 0 at%–2.5 at% Zr, and the dendrites are refined with the primary dendrite arms spacing decreasing from 222.64 μm (0 at% Zr) to 92.57 μm (2.0 at% Zr). With Zr addition more than 2.5 at%, the microstructure shows equiaxed grains surrounded by γ phase. Zr is a γ stabilizer and promotes the β/γ transition, resulting in the change of microstructure morphology. Zr reaches the maximum solid solubility (about 6.5 at%) in γ phase with addition of 2.5 at% Zr; moreover, γ phase increases in quantity, bringing about severe micro-segregation. With addition of Zr, the remained β phase turns into ω phase with B82 structure. Ti43Al6Nb-xZr alloys show brittle fracture. The maximum compressive strength is 2161.69 MPa with addition of 2.5 at% Zr and the maximum compressive strain is 30.62% with addition of 0.5 at% Zr, improving by 9.24% and 7.33%, respectively. The improvement of compressive strength results from fine-grain strengthening and solution strengthening. Severe micro-segregation is bad for compressive strength, and large solubility of Zr is detrimental to ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motional consensus of self-propelled particles is studied in both noise-free cases and cases with noise by the standard Vicsek model. In the absence of noise, we propose a simple method, using grid-based technique and defining the normalized variance of the ratio of the number of particles locally to globally, to quantitatively study the movement pattern of the system by the spatial distribution of the particles and the degree of aggregation of particles. It is found that the weaker correlation of velocity leads to larger degree of aggregation of the particles. In the cases with noise, we quantify the competition between velocity alignment and noise by considering the difference of the variety of order parameter result from the velocity alignment and noise. The variation of the effect of noise on motional consensus is non-monotonic for the change of the probability distribution of noise from uniform to non-uniform. Our results may be useful and encourage further efforts in exploring the basic principles of collective motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the anti-inflammatory effect of grape seed extract (GSE) in animal and cellular models and explore its mechanism of action. Methods: This study determined the inhibitory effect of GSE on macrophage inflammation and Th1 and Th17 polarization in vitro. Based on the in vitro results, the effects and mechanisms of GSE on multiple sclerosis (MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model were further explored. The C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered with 50 mg/kg of GSE once a day from the 3rd day to the 27th day after immunization. The activation of microglia, the polarization of Th1 and Th17 and the inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted by them were detected in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively. Results: GSE reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (P<0.01), inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and IFN-γ in spleen cells of EAE mice immunized for 9 days (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 mediated by CD3 and CD28 factors (P<0.01). GSE significantly improved the clinical symptoms of EAE mice, and inhibited spinal cord demyelination and inflammatory cell infiltration. Peripherally, GSE downregulated the expression of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCKII, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In the central nervous system, GSE inhibited the infiltration of CD45+CD11b+ and CD45+CD4+ cells, and weakened the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 (P<0.05). Moreover, it reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01), and prevented the activation of microglia (P<0.05). Conclusion: GSE had a beneficial effect on the pathogenesis and progression of EAE by inhibiting inflammatory response as a potential drug and strategy for the treatment of MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]