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This book provides an overview of the growth of the private higher education sector in China and in addition provides an analysis of some of the key drivers of this growth and impediments to it. What is new about the book is that it combines the results of a series of interviews with work that is more quantitative in nature. The book is of use to not only those engaged in academic research but also those who more generally wish to know more about an educational sector that is growing in importance. The most obvious factors promoting expansion of this sector have been the growth in per capita incomes, higher levels of participation in secondary school education, the strong growth in demand for graduates and the inability of the public sector to keep pace with demand. All of these factors intermingled with the involvement of government regulation. This regulation, however, is not uniform across all of China given the different provincial government departments of education that arealso involved in dealing with private higher education institutions. In particular, this book looks at the way in which the Chinese government's regulatory framework (both national and provincial) influenced the development of the sector and the way in which it operates, especially the private higher education component of that sector. The analysis undertaken finds that there is a link between regulation and the private higher education sector growth and a link between the funding of the government sector. The more intense regulation was, and the more funds provided to the state sector, the less scope there was for the private sector to expand. Growth of the private sector, therefore, did not just depend upon rising demand for higher education overall, but also to a fair degree of tolerance on the part of government. Much of this work, in subsequent years, has been supported by the further changes that have been undertaken in the Chinese higher education sector. Over the years, the growth of the Chinese higher education sector has stabilised, as has the private segment of this sector.

This book is one of four volumes on a major empirical migration study by leading Thai migration specialists from Chulalongkorn University (Bangkok) for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This volume examines the protracted refugee situation at the Thai–Myanmar border. Displaced persons are kept in closed settlements, and this has limited their self-reliance. A resettlement program has been implemented and many refugees have been accepted in resettlement countries. Repatriation is not recommended as a durable solution unless Myanmar becomes a safe place for return. Funding and intervention policies of international organizations and NGOs vary. Donors prefer to switch humanitarian assistance to development aid. The book provides realistic policy recommendations for a durable solution for refugees at the borders. Practitioners and policymakers from governments, international organizations and NGOs will benefit from its findings. The volume is also helpful for anyone studyingforced migration and its denouement in the globalized age.

This book focuses on the importance of women's entrepreneurship policy in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The book's contributions demonstrate a link between the nature of policy implications, the various theoretical perspectives used, and whether scholars'policy implications have transformed as the field of women's entrepreneurship study has advanced. The book looks deeper into the reasons why there seems to be a big gap between formal women's entrepreneurship legislation and actual business support services. What can be done to close policy and program gaps? What can government policy do to foster an entrepreneur-friendly environment? What level and form of government intervention in the economy should be to attain this goal? These issues have been hotly debated for a long time, and this book seeks answers to these questions. An institutional approach to analysing government policies is encouraged because macro-level regulations, social norms, and culture influence fostering women's entrepreneurial activities. The book and its contributions draw on gender and institutional theory to recommend policy initiatives and measures to combat the lower entrepreneurship rates among the women population. Researchers and policymakers will benefit significantly from this book since it contains ideas for improving policy measures, the entrepreneurial ecosystem for women, and areas for further research. Women entrepreneurs have different motives and goals than men when starting a business.

This open access book is looking into ways to achieve just climate policy within a country. The authors of this monograph share a unique, timely and original vision: continuous support for climate policy is more likely to emerge when citizens find that the distribution of the bill for climate costs is fair. But what is a fair distribution of climate costs? This is an important question because financial costs of mitigation (reducing greenhouse gases), adaptation (adapting to climate change) and damage (compensating or compensating after weather extremes) increase significantly in the coming decades. Drawing on philosophy and ethics, the authors propose ten principles for achieving just distributions of domestic climate costs. Examples of such principles are individual responsibility, the polluter pays, greatest utility and capacity to pay. Yet what a fair distribution is, depends on, for example, political preferences and the policy issue at hand. Empirical research on designing climate policies, however, shows that distributive principles are not part of the political, policy, and public discussions. The authors therefore argue that explicit attention to principles of just distribution at the start of a policy process contributes to support for climate policy. This book provides tools to professionals and students to achieve justice in climate policy.

This book provides a focused and comprehensive understanding of the conflict surrounding the Rohingya displacement, using a unique peace and conflict transformation viewpoint. Divided into four sections and nineteen chapters, it covers significant themes related to the conflict. It provides an in-depth examination of its security implications, media impact, and the need for a long-term transformation strategy. The authors offer a sharp perspective on the crisis, covering a wide range of topics, including human rights abuses, geopolitics, media influence, and repatriation of the Rohingya. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of the conflict, providing readers with a thorough understanding of the Rohingya displacement-related conflict. The authors advocate for a peaceful end to the conflict through repatriation, offering valuable conflict transformation tools for decision-makers in Bangladesh and around the world. This book is essential for anyone seeking a deeper understandingof the conflict's security implications and highlights original research from academics on the role of the media. It is relevant for scholars, politicians, decision-makers in the security and refugee management fields, academics studying the media, and humanitarian actors.

This book investigates the integration of Syrian refugees in the United States, and it identifies the challenges that hinder their successful integration. After providing a comprehensive analysis of the U.S. legal instruments in national and international laws and obligations to receive forced migrants, the book then highlights the resettlement process and programs as a coordinated interagency process that entails a collaboration between the UN Refugee Agency and the related U.S. departments and agencies and the nongovernmental partners and refugee advocacy organizations. Moreover, it delves into integration as a proxy theory and governance that entails an analytical component from a theoretical lens to understand some aspects of realities that revolve around the resettlement of forced migrants'concepts, principles, and policies. Built on rich qualitative data from Syrian refugees in the U.S. to understand their resettlement experiences and their integration in multidimensional analysis, the book shows how the lack of federally driven integration policies and institutions in the U.S. negatively affects just integration. Relying on voluntary organizations leads to uneven outcomes among forced migrants, affecting social equity. Alongside this book's theoretical and practical implications, it highlights the ethical consideration of studying forced migrants and the synergy between forced migrants'vulnerability and cultural sensitivity. Ultimately, the book discusses the roadmap for implementing integration policies in the U.S. Among the topics covered: Introduction: The History of Managing Forced Migration in the U.S.: Political Climate and Global Events The U.S. Legal and Institutional Frameworks of the Resettlement of Syrian Refugees The Syrian Refugees'Integration Challenges in the U.S. and the Roadmap for Integration Policies Navigating Integration Policies of Forced Migration in the United States: The Case of Syrian Refugees is relevant reading for researchers who are interested in integration and refugee-related topics; academics who conduct research in social policies, refugee integration, and resettlement; public policymakers who are involved in formulating refugee integration policies; practitioners at various levels who assist resettled forced migrants; and graduate students studying political science, public administration, social work, and sociology. Politicians with left-wing views who are advocating for improved human security for everyone also would find the book a useful resource.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can benefit our society and economy, but also brings with it new challenges and raises legal and ethical questions. According to the author of this comprehensive analysis, it is imperative to ensure that AI is developed and applied in an appropriate legal and regulatory framework that promotes innovation and investment and, at the same time, addresses the risks associated with certain uses of AI-related technologies.Essential to understanding the relationship between policy and law, this book traces the evolution of EU policy on artificial intelligence and robotics, focusing in particular on the EU's ethical framework for AI, which defines trust as a prerequisite for ensuring a human-centric approach.The main part of the book provides a thorough and systematic analysis of the Commission's 2021 proposed AI Act, which establishes harmonised rules for the development, placement on the market and use of AI systems in the EU. The author painstakingly compares the Commission's proposed AI Act with the numerous “compromise” proposals of the Council of the European Union, leading to the final version of the Council's AI Act (general approach) and its formal adoption on 6 December 2022. The author also examines with extraordinary detail the amendments proposed by the relevant committees and political groups of the European Parliament, revealing the position the Parliament is likely to adopt in the forthcoming negotiations with the Commission and the Council on the text of the AI Act.Numerous legislative and policy documents are presented in detail, while the analysis also considers the comments made by all interested parties (e.g. the European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Parliament, governmental organisations, national competent authorities, and stakeholders/actors with different/conflicting interests, such as corporations, business and consumer associations, civil society and other non-profit organisations). In the course of its in-depth analysis, this book will provide readers with crucial insight into the reasons behind the European Institutions'different approaches and the often contradictory interests of stakeholders. Because the policy arguments are carefully balanced and drafted with scrupulous care, this volume will establish itself as a reference resource to be consulted for years to come.

In the context of global population aging, the aging population of China is not only a China-specific problem but also a global concern. Based on in-depth analysis, this book focuses on the increasingly serious issue of aging population of China at the present time, and explores the possible path and solution from the new type of demographic dividend that is innovation. With 1/5 of the global aging population in the world, China has the largest aging population and is aging faster and deeper, which produces and, profound and far-reaching impact on the economic growth, social security, health care and other related areas.

This book investigates the regulation and promotion of financial inclusion and provides a comparative analysis of the regulation, promotion and enforcement of the relevant laws in the SADC (in particular, South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe), as well as the challenges of financial inclusion. In turn, it evaluates financial inclusion in the context of specific challenges faced by unbanked and underbanked customers, who are easy targets for cyber criminals because they tend to have lower levels of digital literacy. The book presents novel discussions that identify the challenges and flaws associated with the enforcement of financial inclusion laws and related measures intended to promote financial inclusion in the SADC region. This is primarily done in order to reveal the current strengths and weaknesses of financial inclusion laws in relation to certain aspects of the companies, securities and financial markets in the region. For example, there is no commonfinancial inclusion instrument/law that is effectively and uniformly applied throughout the SADC. This has impeded the enforcement authorities'efforts to effectively combat financial exclusion across the region.The book is likely the most comprehensive study to date on the regulation and promotion of financial inclusion in the SADC region and fills a major gap in SADC and African legal jurisprudence. As such, it offers a valuable asset for policymakers, attorneys, bankers, securities (share) holders, and other market participants who deal with financial inclusion, as well as undergraduate and graduate students interested in the topic.

A key point in the book is the need to focus more seriously at the energy problem as the real problem behind global warming. The failure of global climate policies to reduce CO2 emissions and halt climate change has led an increasing number of scientist and activists to lose confidence in democracy's ability to handle climate change and led them to look to more authoritarian measures to meet the problem. The book documents these trends, also from a historical perspective, criticize them and sketches more democratic alternatives.

The 15 international authors of this book live in Brazil, Canada, Cameroon, China, Cuba, European Union, Finland, Gaza Strip, India, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom and the United States of America. The authors are linked to the International Science Council's Urban Health and Wellbeing Programme. In this book the authors analyse the management of COVID-19, which started in late 2019, in their cities. They explain their city's political, social and economic context, the dynamics of how the pandemic unfolded, drawing on quantitative and visual data, and their reflections on how it was managed. The book concludes with an analysis of the similarities and differences among COVID-19 outcomes in these cities. Using a systems perspective to learn from these experiences can help all cities to improve the governance of pandemics and be better prepared for likely future ones.

There is a poetic convergence between the struggles of people on the move and people in the peripheries of power, as they may collectively envision alternative forms of coexistence and fight together for fundamental rights and a dignified life. The emergence of fresh perspectives on solidarity from local communities across the board can become the driving force behind a transformative movement of the people. Examples of small yet impactful acts of solidarity in the northern Mediterranean region illustrate how migration fuels social change, leading to the alteration of established norms. These examples further challenge the dominant populist narrative of migration, and integration into mainstream society as the only viable solution.The recent influx of migrant arrivals in Europe challenges established paradigms, rekindling discussions on human rights and democracy regarding the treatment of people on the move and their experiences after arriving in a new location. Despite dominant nation-state narratives and inadequate institutional approaches to displacement, narratives of solidarity among local communities have emerged transcending borders, shedding light on the class, race, and gender-based dimensions of migration. In this book, Hakan Shearer Demir examines how displacement and governance influence the meaning of what it means to be'local,'as it is constantly reshaped by the diverse experiences, cultural norms, and the connections of newcomers to places, people, and stories in the northern Mediterranean region. Through his Displacement Triggered Community Co-Construction Framework (CCF), Shearer Demir presents an alternative approach that combines meta-integration and municipalist principles, while taking on patriarchy and hierarchies. The CCF offers a potential pathway to establishing a community of equals that prioritizes meeting essential human needs and upholding human dignity. It is a groundbreaking approach to one of the burning questionsof our time. Shearer Demir's book serves as a valuable source for professionals, practitioners, and academics working in the field of displacement, integration, and governance.

This book aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of China's Poverty Alleviation resettlement (PAR) particularly under the Link Policy, and further analysing the impacts of PAR on China's rural transformation from multiple scales (regional and individual) and perspectives (social-economic development, urban-rural interactions and landscape changes), with a combination of multiple approaches including systematic literature review, content analysis, econometrical methods, spatial analysis, Cellular Automata modelling etc. Policy suggestions will also be provided to improve farmers'sustainable livelihood and resilience coping with the changes of lifestyles due to the resettlement. This book contributes to inspiring and provoking thought among policymakers, researchers, and individuals worldwide grappling with the pressing issue of poverty and its eradication. Understanding the Chinese experience may yield valuable insights that can be adapted and applied in diverse contexts aroundthe globe.

This book serves the purpose of showcasing some of the works in respect of applied research, field projects, and best practice to foster climate change adaptation across the region.Climate change is having a much greater impact in the Mediterranean than the global average. In the Paris Climate Agreement, the UN member states pledged to stop global warming at well below two degrees, if possible at 1.5 degrees. This mark, which is expected elsewhere only for 2030 to 2050, has already been reached in the region. The situation could worsen in the coming years if the global community does not limit its emissions.The above state of affairs illustrates the need for a better and more holistic understanding of how climate change affects countries in the Mediterranean region on the one hand, but also on the many problems it faces on the other, which prevent adaptation efforts. There is also a perceived need to showcase successful examples of how to duly address and manage the many social, economic, and political problems posed by climate change in the region, in order to replicate and even upscale the successful approaches used.It is against this background that the book'Climate Change in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Region'has been produced. It contains papers prepared by scholars, practitioners, and members of governmental agencies, undertaking research and/or executing climate change projects, and working across the region.

This book presents a comparative perspective on different government communication strategies to COVID-19 around the globe. Scholars from twenty parts of the world specialized in political and government communication analyze initiatives and methods of various governments'communicative responses to the pandemic. In their contributions to this volume, they examine a wide range of distinct attitudes and reactions facing the crisis. Today's omnidirectional contact allowed by social media, with its load of contradictory rumors and fake news, often obliterates the citizens'ability to comprehend reality. The book frames a broad canvas on how government communication may deal with that and manage similar crises — bound to happen as climate changes and war menaces are generating more and more worries about the future of humanity. This makes this volume a must-read for scholars and students of political communication, health policies and communication, crisis marketing and communication. It will also be of utmost interest for practitioners and policy-makers from these fields willing to better understand government communication and its answer to global crises.

This book provides practical policy recommendations that are useful for developing Asia and for accelerating poverty reduction plans in the rest of the world. Poverty reduction in all its forms remains one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. In developing Asia, rapid growth in countries and sub-regions such as China, India, and Southeast Asia has lifted millions out of poverty, but progress has been uneven. On the other hand, the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the global economic recession that it has caused are pushing millions of people back into poverty. Poverty reduction, inclusive growth, and sustainable development are inseparable, and poverty reduction is the premise for sustainable development. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a bold commitment to finish what we started and end poverty in all forms and dimensions by 2030. However, because of the current global recession, the world is not on track to end poverty by 2030. Given the aforementioned situation, if we plan to achieve the no-poverty target in line with the SDGs, governments need to reconsider their policies and economies need to allocate their resources for this aim. Owing to the importance of the topic, this book provides several thematic and empirical studies on the roles of small and medium-sized enterprises, local businesses and trusts, international remittances and microfinance, energy security and energy efficiency in poverty reduction, and inclusive growth.

This book provides a two-level analytical framework and empirical study to analyze the reason and process of China's transition that is from a follower to driver in the field of global climate governance, and is especially valuable the dialogues and cooperation between the government, media and civil society. Nowadays, China shows strong leadership to push the process of global climate governance. It's the first and fastest time in the past 40-year history of China's Opening-up that China wins the international respect and trust in one of the issues of global governance. What experiences can be summarized? What dynamic situations and new possibilities emerged after Trump, the U.S. president announced to withdraw from the Paris Agreement? How to move forward based on the existing success? This timely book offers new lens for international readers to understand China's effort domestically and internationally in the field of climate change and illustrate the outlook of the climate governance in the frame of win-win co-governance model.

This insightful volume explores the experiences of ethnic migrants returning to Hong Kong, Singapore, and Israel. Return migrants who were exposed to the western culture and society undergo personal transformations that significantly impact their views on values such as gender, individualism, democracy, tradition, and individual autonomy. To evaluate how well these individuals are able to reintegrate back into their native countries, the authors conducted a thorough comparative study between returnees in the three research sites through in-depth interviews, ethnographic fieldwork, and analyses of government policies. Among the topics discussed: Family as a strategic middle ground between the individual and societyThe social psychology of coping and adaptationPublic, outer historical, and macro forces that shape returnees'experiences Comparisons and contrasts between two primarily Chinese societies, along with one racially and culturally different Western society Cost-and-benefit analyses of decision-making in migration Return Migrants in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Israel is a compelling new perspective on the migrant experience drawn from in-depth research on returnees across three countries and a variety of circumstances.

This edited volume discusses digital transformation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread lockdown policies that followed, digital technologies were touted as an effective means towards ensuring continuity and minimal interruption of day-to-day operations for businesses and other institutions. Digital transformation, however, is an inherently complex process and the pressure of short adoption times may further increase complexities for organizations looking to foster digital technologies. This volume comprises original research contributions on theoretical foundations and empirical studies of digital transformations in the pandemic era. Written by academics and practitioners from diverse disciplines and industries, the chapters cover topics such as psychological and technical implications of pandemic situations, the economic, organizational, social, and legal implications of digital adoption, and case studies for digital transformation in different industries. This book will be useful for academics, technology professionals, business policy makers, NGO managers, and governments looking to optimize their digital transformation processes to better prepare their organizations in the presence of pandemic situations.

This textbook is the first comprehensive and systematic account of the science, technology and policy issues associated with nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. Throughout their account of the evolution of nuclear policy, from its origin to the early Trump presidency, the authors interweave clear technical expositions of the science and technology that underpin and constrain it. The book begins by tracing the early work in atomic physics, the discovery of fission, and the developments that led to the Manhattan Project and the delivery of atomic bombs against Japan that ended World War II. It follows the initial failed attempts at nuclear disarmament, the onset of the Cold War nuclear arms competition, and the development of light water reactors to harness nuclear energy for electric power generation. The authors thoroughly unpack the problem of nuclear proliferation, examining the strategy and incentives for states that have and have not pursued nuclear weapons, and providing an overview of the nuclear arsenals of the current nuclear weapon states. They trace the technical, political and strategic evolution of deterrence, arms control and disarmament policies from the first attempts for an Outer Space Treaty in 1957 through the new START treaty of 2009. At critical junctures in the narrative, the authors explain the relevant nuclear science and technology including nuclear fission and criticality; nuclear materials and enrichment; nuclear detonation and nuclear weapons effects; nuclear weapons stockpile constraints, stewardship and surveillance; nuclear fusion and thermonuclear weapons; technologies for monitoring, verification and proliferation; and nuclear forensics. They conclude with an assessment of contemporary issues ranging from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action reached to halt Iran's nuclear weapons development program, to the threat of nuclear terrorism, the perceived nuclear weapons policies of Russia and China, and the US efforts to provide disincentives for its allies to acquire their own nuclear weapons by maintaining credible security guarantees.

This open access book develops a typology of cities by exploring how current levels of migration-related diversity and segregation relate to three groups of factors: international mobilities, inequalities and political-institutional aspects of local governance. Based on both quantitative and qualitative data from 16 cities in four European countries (France, Germany, The Netherlands, and Italy), the book compares the cities and uses a method of fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. It demonstrates the shared contingencies of factors among the cities within each type and the crucial differences between the types of localities, and offers a more differentiated, holistic understanding of migration-related diversity configurations through the five conceptualised types: (1) Superdiverse cities, (2) Postindustrial diverse cities. (3) Middle class diverse cities, (4) Divided cities, and (5) Marginal migration cities. As such, the book is a valuable read to all those who would like to learn more about urban migration-related diversity and how it is formed and governed.

The book provides an overview on national policies and regulations related to water resource management in the Middle East and North African countries (MENA), where water scarcity problems are critical. The physical/natural constraints, socio-economic and political circumstances make the MENA region a sort of ‘laboratory'for natural resource management and particularly water management. The book provides a good comparison on how neighboring countries with quite similar natural constraints and cultures are addressing water problems in different ways. It enlightens water resource specialists on successful experiences around the region and show cases the reforms undertaken in the water sector to meet the challenges posed by urbanization, food security, water pollution and climate change. The book constitutes nine chapters, seven of them with content from the main MENA countries. It starts with an introductory chapter that provides background information on the region's water resources with descriptive statistics and historical developments of the water sector. It ends with a chapter that summarizes the policy implications and main conclusions on the way forward for sustainable management of water in MENA countries.

This book provides the first comprehensive assessment of the various issues faced by countries in the European Union, where progressing climate change and urbanization pose significant cooperative challenges in a large number of river basins. Conducting a thorough analysis of the intricate web of EU water governance, it reveals that the hydropolitical stability of the European Union is already at risk. Further, given the structural nature of the shortcomings in EU water policy—e.g. the rigidity of the EU's founding treaties or the institutional complacency of the European Commission—the book argues that these risks are likely to turn into sources of prolonged conflict, unless EU decision-making bodies take steps to address the new hydrological realities early on.

This volume features a variety of research projects at the intersection of mathematics and public policy. The topics included here fall in the areas of cybersecurity and climate change, two broad and impactful issues that benefit greatly from mathematical techniques. Each chapter in the book is a mathematical look into a specific research question related to one of these issues, an approach that offers the reader insight into the application of mathematics to important public policy questions. The articles in this volume are papers inspired by a Workshop for Women in Mathematics and Public Policy, held January 22-25, 2019 at the Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics and the Luskin Center at the University of California, Los Angeles. The workshop was created to promote and develop women at all levels of their careers as researchers in mathematics and public policy. The idea was modeled after other successful Research Collaboration Conferences for Women, where junior and senior women come together at week-long conferences held at mathematics institutes to work on pre-defined research projects. The workshop focused on how mathematics can be used in public policy research and was designed to foster collaborative networks for women to help address the gender gap in mathematics and science.

This book will expand the body of literature on capacity-building in science and improve public understanding of the issues regarding geographical concentration of federal research funding. The federal government has been the primary sponsor of academic research in the U.S., and the peer-review system has been the primary mechanism for distributing federal government funding for research among universities. The peer-review system ensures the production of the best science by funding the most capable researchers in the country. As a result, federal research funding has been concentrated in high-capacity states where many of the most capable researchers reside. Despite official action - such as the implementation of the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), which targets low capacity jurisdictions for federal funding - the amount of resources going to each state for research is highly uneven. This book provides recommendations on how to improve policy design and program implementation for better research capacity-building outcomes. The book lends itself to a wide audience, as it does not focus entirely on high-level statistical analysis, but will have specific appeal to researchers in science policy, federal budgeting and higher education policy.

This book discusses the history of the Group of 77 and China's negotiating position on adaptation to climate change in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It also addresses a number of questions that have arisen, such as: What was the process for constructing a collective position of the G77 and China on adaptation? Why is it worthwhile to negotiate in a group of such dimensions? What are the incentives for reaching the broadest common position on adaptation? What is the role of the leading coordinators, and how is this linked to the rotating annual Presidency of the G77 and China? And, how do the subgroups of the G77 participate in reaching this general position? Written by former and current adaptation negotiators from developing countries, the book offers various perspectives from the subgroups and leading coordinators of the G77 and China as well as other organizations. Furthermore, in contrast to previous analyses on climate change negotiations, which focus mainly on the behaviour or position of one group, it presents a unique approach based on the strength of collectivism in the G77 and China. The book appeals to practitioners and professionals as well as scientists in climate change management and policy, impacts and adaptation, international relations, as well as diplomacy and development.

This open access book provides a state-of-the-field of the interactions between emerging national asylum governance systems and the 2018 United Nations Global Compact for Refugees (UN GCR). It provides a detailed examination of the relationship and compatibility between asylum governance and refugee protection and human rights, and the responsibilities for states and other implementing actors in cases of human rights violations. This book analyses the characteristics and impacts of existing and emerging asylum governance instruments and their practical implementation in selected countries hosting large communities of refugees around the world. Particular focus is given to the cases of Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Jordan, Niger, Serbia, South Africa and Turkey. Attention is put into regional and country-specific asylum instruments and actors from the perspective of their effectiveness, fairness and consistency with refugee protection and human rights standards as well as the UN GCR commitments. By doing so, the book identifies key lessons learned and offers a critical view on policies framed as `promising practices'so as to inform future steps in the UN GCR implementation and asylum governance more generally. As such, the book provides a better understanding of the concept of “mobility” in asylum governance, and the ways in which it is articulated into legal and policy instruments framed as'protection'and - in the language of the UN GCR - “third country solutions” for refugee mobility, including resettlement, private/community sponsorships, humanitarian corridors, in the European Union and around the world.

This contributed volume presents an attempt to understand climatic variability and induced risk to livelihood of communities and to offer insights on how catastrophic conditions and crises can be mitigated through public policy interventions. The case studies herein offer insights into different spheres and domains affected by climate change and present models of adaptation possibilities. The book is divided into three thematic sections. The first contains chapters that deal with assessing the effects of climate change. The second section offers perspectives on adaptation and governance, vulnerability in the context of sustainable livelihoods. The third and last section looks at Policy and Governance, with respect to climatic change adaptation and mitigations. The lessons contained in this volume are useful to a wide audience including research scholars, students, policymakers, and planners.

Dieses Buch beschäftigt sich auf unterschiedliche Weise mit der Politik des Todes, mit Kunst und Politik sowie mit der Politik von Zuflucht und Asyl. Der Schnitt über diese Bereiche bringt die fließende Qualität des gesellschaftlichen Lebens im Spätkapitalismus in den Vordergrund. Die Elemente Zeit, Raum und Emotion sind Teil des Gesamtansatzes. Die einzelnen Kapitel veranschaulichen Themen wie Verzweiflung, Streben und die Politik der Hoffnung und verdeutlichen die fließenden und unvorhersehbaren Qualitäten des gesellschaftlichen Lebens. Die Leitmetapher ist Fluidität oder das, was Urry als „Wellen“ bezeichnet; kontinuierlicher Fluss; pulsierend; „Fluidität und Viskosität“ sind charakteristisch für Leben, Tod, Zuflucht und Kunst im heutigen globalen System. Zwischen den Welten Kultur, politischer Gewalt und Kunst beleuchten die miteinander verbundenen Themen dieser Studie Bedingungen der „Liminalität“ oder des Dazwischen. Die Studie präsentiert eine Politik der Hoffnung im Spätkapitalismus und durchbricht die üblicheren Grenzen zwischen Kunst und Wissenschaft, Schaden und Hilfe, Tod und der Politik des bloßen Lebens. Jedes Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit Themen, die dazu beitragen, umfassendere Trends in der Wissenschaft und Lehre zu globaler Entwicklung und internationalen Beziehungen zu veranschaulichen. Inmitten des wachsenden Zynismus gegenüber menschlichen oder sogar humanitären Werten ruft der Band zu einer Politik der Hoffnung und sozialen Gerechtigkeit auf, die auf den fließenden Konturen grenzenloser und amorpher Prozesse der Selbstorganisation und radikalen Anarchie basiert.

This book discusses opportunities, costs, and governance issues within the wildlife tourism space in Southern Africa. Wildlife tourism is a very important sector in Southern Africa. As such, the book discusses sustainable economic benefits local communities derive from wildlife tourism while also supporting wildlife conservation. It addresses several contemporary issues that have affected wildlife tourism, focusing on different countries in the region. These issues include international agreements such as CITES, the decline in wildlife species and reactions from the international community, human-wildlife conflicts and conflicts between states, indigenous communities living adjacent to protected areas hosting wildlife, and how to address these. As such, the book is a useful resource for researchers, tourism stakeholders, policy makers and students, especially those studying natural resource management, tourism and development and sustainable development in Southern Africaand other parts of the developing world.

This book identifies scenarios for changes in transmission infrastructure, contracting, consumption patterns and fossil fuel financing policies, considering climate goals and the consequences of the conflict in Ukraine. The invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has fundamentally changed the geopolitical situation, approaches to energy security issues, the EU's energy (in)dependence and the implementation of previously outlined climate policies, including the planned gradual withdrawal from fossil fuels.This book presents the geopolitical architecture, energy mix, energy fuel supply structure, long-term energy policy and financing conditions of the oil and gas and sectors in the EU in the period preceding and following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The authors consider the date of Russia's attack on Ukraine as a symbolic caesura marking the beginning of the process of creating a new energy order in the EU. A novel part of the book is the attention it pays to the role of the credit and investment policy of the EU banking sector in relation to carbon-intensive sectors and to the significance of the financial system from the point of view of the effectiveness of international sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation, including, above all, sanctions related to the fossil fuel sector. The book is of interest to researchers and all those interested in learning about these subjects.

This open access book thoroughly investigates the domain of policy design tailored specifically for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) with a central emphasis on harmonizing these policies with the preexisting social capital inherent to these enterprises, consistent with the mandate of Bank Indonesia to guard price stability and to promote financial stability, inclusive, and sustainable growth. The study, grounded in the context of Indonesia, underscores the paramount importance of a systematic approach, necessitating social planners and stakeholders to engage in a preliminary phase of active listening, empathetic understanding, and comprehensive knowledge of the diverse mental frameworks prevalent among MSMEs across the nation before embarking on the formulation of bespoke interventions. Readers of this scholarly work can anticipate gaining insightful perspectives into the nuanced policy preferences of both MSMEs and government officials. The methodologies employed, including the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process, are not only presented but also subjected to rigorous feasibility assessments using the Mechanism Design Theory. Furthermore, the book delves into the intricate challenges faced by MSMEs, including addressing the financing gap and adapting to the digitalization landscape that considers the prevailing social capital, both of which significantly influence their overall productivity. Ultimately, the study underscores the pivotal role played by networks, rather than mere size and the usual suspects (financing, technology, and management), as the linchpin of social capital that profoundly shapes the performance of MSMEs within a specific socio-economic context.