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We report the development of a small fluorescent molecule, BDNCA3-D2, herein referred to as PT-Yellow. Soaking zebrafish embryos in PT-Yellow or intraperitoneal injection into adults results in non-toxic in vivo fluorescent labeling of the renal proximal tubules, the major site of blood filtrate reabsorption and a common target of injury in acute kidney injury. We demonstrate the applicability of this new compound as a rapid and simple readout for zebrafish kidney filtration and proximal tubule reabsorption function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening of bead-based peptide libraries against fluorescent dyelabeled target proteins was found to be significantly influenced by the dye characteristics. Commercially available red fluorescent dyes with net negative charges adversely showed strong interactions with library beads. The introduction of zwitterionic dyes significantly reduced the unwanted interactions, which sheds light upon using the right fluorescent probe for acquisition of reliable results in various fluorescence-assisted applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first fluorescent sensor for milk fat was developed. It exhibited a magnificent, yet selective turn-on feature towards fat molecules in a complicated milk matrix by a disaggregation-induced emission mechanism. Further construction of a handy fluorescence milk fat detector provided a convenient rapid tool to measure the fat amount quantitatively. This discovery may help enhance the milk quality control process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

''Aggregation-caused signal change'' is a well-established mechanism by now and has been widely used as the basis for optical probe and sensor development. Compared to aggregation, its reverse process, disaggregation, has received much less attention and is not properly discussed in the literature so far. With the less established paradigm or mechanism, although some of the reported sensors and probes seem to work through disaggregation phenomena, the proper interpretation of the results and applying the concept to novel probe development is seriously hampered. The process from aggregation to disaggregation generally causes a recovery or enhancement of fluorescence signals, and thus provides an interesting new path to design ''turn-on'' probes. This tutorial review will provide the balanced comparison between aggregation and disaggregation mechanism, and focuses on the less explored advantages of ''disaggregation'' as a novel sensing mechanism and its recent applications in probe development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here a novel fluorescent chemical probe CDy5 which stains distinct neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) by binding to acid ceramidase in mouse neurospheres. CDy5 is distributed evenly or unevenly to the daughter cells during multiple mitoses enabling the live imaging of symmetric and asymmetric divisions of isolated NSPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visualization of macrophages in live animals has been of great interest for a better understanding of inflammation. We developed a near infrared (NIR) probe CDnir7 that can selectively detect macrophages and visualize inflammation in vivo using the IVIS spectrum, Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT) and Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel heparin sensors, Heparin Orange and Heparin Blue, were developed by a diversity oriented fluorescence library approach (DOFLA) from a benzimidazolium library; the discovered compounds showed remarkable properties and have the potential to be applied to monitoring heparin levels in clinical plasma samples for point-of-care detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]