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The article discusses the challenges faced by academic mothers in balancing motherhood and a scientific career, highlighting the tradeoffs and decisions involved in becoming a mother while pursuing an academic path. It addresses the disparities in academia between men and women, particularly related to family and motherhood, leading to a higher attrition rate of women in research-intensive faculty positions. The text also explores the impact of motherhood on academic productivity, career trajectories, and the need for policy changes to support academic mothers at various career stages. [Extracted from the article]

Education plays a crucial role in empowering individuals and building a society that is driven by knowledge. In India, higher education focuses on instilling values, attitudes and skills in students for their personal growth and the betterment of society. The core principles of higher education in India revolve around social justice, equality, democratic participation and equity. However, despite the constitutional promise of equality and social justice, the Indian social structure still adheres to the Caste system. This leads to social exclusion and creates a significant gap in access to quality education for marginalised groups, particularly the Scheduled Castes (SCs). This article examines the participation trends of SC students in higher education, highlighting the challenges within the education system and policies. It emphasises the need for inclusive education to empower SC students and uphold the principles enshrined in the Indian Constitution. Moreover underscores the value of social work intervention in encouraging the active involvement of SCs in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Stomata: custodians of leaf gaseous exchange" published in the Journal of Experimental Botany discusses the role of stomata in regulating gaseous exchange in plants. Stomata, surrounded by guard cells, modulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. The article explores the impact of stomatal conductance on photosynthesis, water use efficiency, and plant performance, emphasizing the potential for crop improvement through enhanced photosynthesis and water use efficiency. It also delves into the manipulation of stomatal anatomical features to improve water use efficiency and plant resilience to climate-induced stresses. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction A challenge confronting health care is the national physician shortage, notably impacting the DoD's recruitment of military physicians. To address this, the Health Professions Scholarship Program is annually awarded to medical students to facilitate their transition into the U.S. Armed Forces. There is a glaring absence of military medical education in civilian schools to accommodate the unique interests of these students. While medical schools have adapted with interest groups and specialty tracks, the current presence of military medicine interest groups (MMIGs) and military medicine specialty tracks (MMSTs) remains under-explored. This study aimed to (1) update the prevalence of MMIGs in U.S. medical institutions, (2) identify the presence of MMSTs, and (3) compare military medicine involvement between allopathic and osteopathic programs. Methods The study was approved for exempt status from the Kansas City University Institutional Review Board (study number 20,211,568-1). In a cross-sectional analysis, surveys were sent to 208 U.S. medical schools, with responses from student services or available public data from 200 institutions included in the final analysis. A secondary survey was sent to respondents who provided MMIG or MMST contacts. Results Results indicated that 62% (n  = 124/200) of schools currently have an established MMIG, a modest growth from 56% (n  = 70/125) in 2015 (p  = .14). MMST prevalence, however, is minimal at 2.5% (5/200). Osteopathic institutions demonstrated a significantly greater engagement in military medicine education (88.7%) compared to allopathic schools (52.4%) (p  < .001). Conclusion This research underscores the need for comprehensive military medical training in medical schools to meet the interests and career aspirations of their students. Future studies should also evaluate the efficacy of MMIGs and MMSTs in preparing students for military medical roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to address the ever-expanding and shifting communicative demands of 'liquid modernity' by focussing on two key issues: the need to reconceptualize language and communication as a consequence of the diversification of media and resources people draw upon to meet these demands; and the need for a new analytical framework to capture how people perform multiplex roles simultaneously and spontaneously through dynamic and adaptive communicative practices. We do the former through further elaboration of the scholarship on translanguaging and the latter with a new concept of transpositioning. We argue that the latter is enabled by translanguaging practices and is a necessary capacity participants in the social life of liquid modernity need to develop in order to deal with everyday communicative demands. We develop the concept with analysis of two examples of lived experiences of multilinguals and explore the theoretical and methodological implications for applied linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, scholarship has chronicled the role of probation in the rise of mass incarceration and has concluded that community supervision is a trap that routinely punishes the poor under the threat of incarceration. Starting in 2010, under a reform-minded new commissioner, the New York City Department of Probation (DOP) sought to roll back probation's punitive role. In sharp contrast to the tough-on crime approach of previous decades, the DOP adopted the motto 'Do no harm, do more good, and do it in the community', and became the first probation department in the nation to spearhead a local justice reinvestment project. Its signature initiative was the decentralization of probation into a series of store front offices known as the Neighbourhood Opportunity Network, which embedded the agency more deeply into poor and working-class communities of colour. Relying on ethnographic research with probation officers, systems involved youth of colour, and non-profit organizations in the South Bronx, this article examines the limits of carceral humanism as a growing trend in recent criminal justice reform efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses some strategies on how to achieve success in critical care residency training for pharmacists. Topics mentioned include the factors that contribute to the progressive overload of residency training programs, the application of the Pareto principle to residency training and the complexity of residency accreditation standards and competencies.

STUDY QUESTION What is the impact of co-designed, evidence-based information regarding the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) test on women's interest in having the test? SUMMARY ANSWER Women who viewed the evidence-based information about the AMH test had lower interest in having an AMH test than women who viewed information produced by an online company selling the test direct-to-consumers. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Online information about AMH testing often has unfounded claims about its ability to predict fertility and conception, and evidence suggests that women seek out and are recommended the AMH test as a measure of their fertility potential. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION An online randomized trial was conducted from November to December 2022. Women were randomized (double-blind, equal allocation) to view one of two types of information: co-designed, evidence-based information about the AMH test (intervention), or existing information about the AMH test from a website which markets the test direct-to-consumers (control). A total of 967 women were included in the final analysis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants were women recruited through an online panel, who were aged 25–40 years, living in Australia or The Netherlands, had never given birth, were not currently pregnant but would like to have a child now or in the future, and had never had an AMH test. The primary outcome was interest in having an AMH test (seven-point scale; 1 = definitely NOT interested to 7 = definitely interested). Secondary outcomes included attitudes, knowledge, and psychosocial and behavioural outcomes relating to AMH testing. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Women who viewed the evidence-based information about the AMH test had lower interest in having an AMH test (MD = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.83–1.30), less positive attitudes towards (MD = 1.29, 95% CI = 4.57–5.70), and higher knowledge about the test than women who viewed the control information (MD = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.71–0.82). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The sample was more highly educated than the broader Australian and Dutch populations and some measures (e.g. influence on family planning) were hypothetical in nature. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Women have higher knowledge of and lower interest in having the AMH test when given evidence-based information about the test and its limitations. Despite previous studies suggesting women are enthusiastic about AMH testing to learn about their fertility potential, we demonstrate that this enthusiasm does not hold when they are informed about the test's limitations. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This project was supported by an NHMRC Emerging Leader Research Fellowship (2009419) and the Australian Health Research Alliance's Women's Health Research, Translation and Impact Network EMCR award. B.W.M. reports consultancy for ObsEva and Merck and travel support from Merck. D.L. is the Medical Director of, and holds stock in, City Fertility NSW and reports consultancy for Organon and honoraria from Ferring, Besins, and Merck. K.H. reports consultancy and travel support from Merck and Organon. K.M. is a director of Health Literacy Solutions that owns a licence of the Sydney Health Literacy Lab Health Literacy Editor. No other relevant disclosures exist. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12622001136796. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 17 August 2022. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLMENT 21 November 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnographic research in social work is extremely valuable, yet not very commonly applied. In this theoretical article, I delineate the historical bond and ethical alliance between ethnography and social work, as well as highlight the empirical value that ethnography can offer the social work profession. By so doing I render visible the affinity between ethnographic research and the discipline of social work. I conclude by examining the relations between slow scholarship and ethnographic research as a means of resistance to the corporate neo-liberal university setting, encouraging social work scholars to do more ethnographic work. Such work can make a potentially significant contribution to social work practitioners, service users, policy makers, educators and scholars and encourage social science with meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Microscopy Society of America (MSA) has awarded several major awards for outstanding contributions to microscopy and microanalysis. The winners of the 2024 MSA major Society awards and MSA Fellows are highlighted in this article. The recipients include W. Gray "Jay" Jerome, J. Murray Gibson, Wu Zhou, Florian Schüder, Michael J. Zachman, Kathleen B. Reuter, Ilke Arslan, Lou Germinario, Adam Hitchcock, Yuichi Ikuhara, Ping Lu, K. Andre Mkhoyan, Velimir R. Radmilovic, David Tomlin, and Huolin Xin. Each individual has made significant contributions to the field of microscopy and microanalysis, with expertise ranging from lipid biology to AI-powered techniques for TEM. [Extracted from the article]

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic demonstrated a critical need for partnerships between practicing infectious diseases (ID) physicians and public health departments. The soon-to-launch combined ID and Epidemic Intelligence Service fellowship can only address a fraction of this need, and otherwise US ID training lacks development pathways for physicians aiming to make careers working with public health departments. The Leaders in Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Stewardship, and Public Health (LEAP) fellowship is a model compatible with the current training paradigm with a proven track record of developing careers of long-term collaboration. Established in 2017 by the ID Society of America, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Pediatric ID Society, and supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, LEAP is a single-year in-place, structured training for senior trainees and early career ID physicians. In this viewpoint, we describe the LEAP fellowship, its outcomes, and how it could be adapted into ID training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY QUESTION Are sperm phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) profiles linked to the quality of embryogenesis and pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER Sperm PLCζ levels in both mouse and humans correlate with measures of ideal embryogenesis whereby minimal levels seem to be required to result in successful pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY While causative factors underlying male infertility are multivariable, cases are increasingly associated with the efficacy of oocyte activation, which in mammals occurs in response to specific profiles of calcium (Ca2+) oscillations driven by sperm-specific PLCζ. Although sperm PLCζ abrogation is extensively linked with human male infertility where oocyte activation is deficient, less is clear as to whether sperm PLCζ levels or localization underlies cases of defective embryogenesis and failed pregnancy following fertility treatment. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A cohort of 54 couples undergoing fertility treatment were recruited at the assisted reproductive technology laboratory at the King Faisal Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The recruitment criteria for males was a minimum sperm concentration of 5×106 sperm/ml, while all female patients had to have at least five oocytes. Sperm PLCζ analysis was performed in research laboratories, while semen assessments were performed, and time-lapse morphokinetic data were obtained, in the fertility clinic as part of routine treatment. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was concurrently used to induce indels and single-nucleotide mutations within the Plcζ gene to generate strains of Plcζ mutant mice. Sperm PLCζ was evaluated using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting with an antibody of confirmed consistent specificity against PLCζ. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We evaluated PLCζ profiles in sperm samples from 54 human couples undergoing fertility treatment in the context of time-lapse morphokinetic analysis of resultant embryos, correlating such profiles to pregnancy status. Concurrently, we generated two strains of mutant Plcζ mice using CRISPR/Cas9, and performed IVF with wild type (WT) oocytes and using WT or mutant Plcζ sperm to generate embryos. We also assessed PLCζ status in WT and mutant mice sperm in the context of time-lapse morphokinetic analysis and breeding outcomes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A significant (P  ≤   0.05) positive relationship was observed between both PLCζ relative fluorescence and relative density with the times taken for both the second cell division (CC2) (r  = 0.26 and r  = 0.43, respectively) and the third cell division (S2) (r  = 0.26). Examination of localization patterns also indicated significant correlations between the presence or absence of sperm PLCζ and CC2 (r  = 0.27 and r  = −0.27, respectively; P  ≤   0.025). Human sperm PLCζ levels were at their highest in the ideal times of CC2 (8–12 h) compared to time ranges outside the ideal timeframe (<8 and >12 h) where levels of human sperm PLCζ were lower. Following assignment of PLCζ level thresholds, quantification revealed a significantly higher (P  ≤   0.05) rate of successful pregnancy in values larger than the assigned cut-off for both relative fluorescence (19% vs 40%, respectively) and relative density (8% vs 54%, respectively). Immunoblotting indicated a single band for PLCζ at 74 kDa in sperm from WT mice, while a single band was also observed in sperm from heterozygous of Plcζ mutant mouse sperm, but at a diminished intensity. Immunofluorescent analysis indicated the previously reported (Kashir et al. , 2021) fluorescence patterns in WT sperm, while sperm from Plcζ mutant mice exhibited a significantly diminished and dispersed pattern at the acrosomal region of the sperm head. Breeding experiments indicated a significantly reduced litter size of mutant Plcζ male mice compared to WT mice, while IVF-generated embryos using sperm from mutant Plcζ mice exhibited high rates of polyspermy, and resulted in significantly reduced numbers of these embryos reaching developmental milestones. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The human population examined was relatively small, and should be expanded to examine a larger multi-centre cohort. Infertility conditions are often multivariable, and it was not possible to evaluate all these in human patients. However, our mutant Plcζ mouse experiments do suggest that PLCζ plays a significant role in early embryo development. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We found that minimal levels of PLCζ within a specific range were required for optimal early embryogenesis, correlating with increased pregnancy. Levels of sperm PLCζ below specific thresholds were associated with ineffective embryogenesis and lower pregnancy rates, despite eliciting successful fertilization in both mice and humans. To our knowledge, this represents the first time that PLCζ levels in sperm have been correlated to prognostic measures of embryogenic efficacy and pregnancy rates in humans. Our data suggest for the first time that the clinical utilization of PLCζ may stand to benefit not just a specific population of male infertility where oocyte activation is completely deficient (wherein PLCζ is completely defective/abrogated), but also perhaps the larger population of couples seeking fertility treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) J.K. is supported by a faculty start up grant awarded by Khalifa University (FSU-2023-015). This study was also supported by a Healthcare Research Fellowship Award (HF-14-16) from Health and Care Research Wales (HCRW) to J.K. alongside a National Science, Technology, and Innovation plan (NSTIP) project grant (15-MED4186-20) awarded by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) for J.K. and A.M.A. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Military physicians must be prepared to lead health care teams across complex landscapes of war during future small- and large-scale combat operations. This preparation optimally begins in medical school so that early career physicians are fully ready for their first deployment. Past qualitative research has suggested that military physicians who attended civilian medical school are not as well prepared for the operational environment as physicians who attended the Uniformed Services University (USU), our nation's military medical school. However, there is a lack of larger-scale quantitative research comparing the readiness differences between the two medical school pathways. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to quantify any differences in first deployment preparation between students attending USU and civilian medical schools through the Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP). Materials and Methods We compared USU and HPSP graduates' first deployment experiences by distributing a 14-item Likert survey to active duty military physicians in the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force who graduated within the past 10 years from medical school (USU or civilian). Results The USU graduates rated themselves significantly higher than the HPSP graduates on their readiness for deployment (3.83 vs. 3.24; P  < .001); ability to navigate the operational environment (3.59 vs. 2.99; P  < .001); confidence in communicating with their commanding officer (3.59 vs. 2.99; P  = .002); navigating the combined role as physician and officer (3.33 vs. 2.84; P  = .004); leading a health care team (3.94 vs. 3.43; P  = .001); preparation by a medical school (3.78 vs. 2.52; P  < .001); and overall readiness compared to peers (4.20 vs. 3.49; P  < .001). There was no significant difference between the two pathways regarding their stress level at the beginning of deployment (2.74 vs. 2.68; P  = .683); clinical preparation (3.94 vs. 3.76; P  = .202); and success of first deployment (3.87 vs. 3.91; P  = .792). The largest effect size of the difference between the two pathways was noted on the question "How well did medical school prepare you for your first deployment" (Cohen's d  = 1.02). Conclusions While both groups believed that they were prepared for their first deployment, USU graduates consistently reported being more prepared by medical school for their first deployment than HPSP graduates. To close this readiness gap, supplemental military unique curricula may help to optimize HPSP students' readiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women and underrepresented-in-medicine applicants value a climate for diversity when selecting graduate medical education training programs. Climate may not be accurately represented during virtual recruitment. Optimizing program websites may help overcome this barrier. We reviewed websites for adult infectious disease fellowships that participated in the 2022 National Resident Matching Program for emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Fewer than half expressed DEI language in their mission statement or had a dedicated DEI statement or webpage. Programs should consider emphasizing their commitment to DEI prominently on their websites, which may help recruit candidates from diverse backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Mammalogy has announced the upcoming Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, which will be held in June 2024 at CU Boulder in Colorado. The meeting will feature presentations, speakers, symposia, and workshops on the latest developments in mammalogy. The ASM offers grants, awards, and fellowships to support students and early-career mammalogists, and also provides a sponsor fund to help international mammalogists become members. The document also includes a list of reported deaths of society members, as well as acknowledgments of donors who have contributed to research and education programs. It further lists the reviewers for the Journal of Mammalogy and Mammalian Species in 2023, as well as the proofers for foreign-language abstracts. [Extracted from the article]

The University of Florida's Institute of Inter-American Affairs (IIAA) was founded in the 1930s to promote business education and trade relations between the United States and Latin America. The institute aimed to cultivate relationships with Latin American counterparts and increase the prestige and productivity of the U.S. South. It relied on scholarships and funding to attract Latin American students and generate revenue for the university. Despite facing opposition, the IIAA grew and became a center for Latin American studies and inter-American commerce, showcasing the diverse ways in which different regions engaged with Pan-Americanism. [Extracted from the article]

"The Black American experience: Answering the global challenge of broadening participation in STEM/agriculture" is a document that explores the underrepresentation of Black Americans and people of color in STEM fields, specifically in plant and agricultural science. It introduces the AI2EAR network, a program that aims to increase diversity and inclusion in STEM by integrating engineering, plant science, and agricultural research with artificial intelligence. The document highlights historical barriers and systemic issues that have hindered the participation of Black Americans in these fields and emphasizes the importance of inclusive policies and programs to address these disparities. It also discusses the significance of mentorship, support, and awareness in promoting diversity and inclusivity in STEM and agriculture. The document concludes by emphasizing the global nature of diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives and the need for international collaboration to ensure sustainable food production and global food security. The AI2EAR program provides personalized advising, mentorship opportunities, and professional development programs to support the career growth of underrepresented minority students and researchers. They have implemented a graduate bridge program at NC State, offering incoming graduate students from underrepresented groups early access to advisors, campus resources, and research opportunities. AI2EAR also provides travel grants for students and assistant professors to attend conferences and visit laboratories, fostering global collaborations and exposure to new techniques. The program aims to address the lack of diversity in agriculture and engineering and promote inclusivity and equity in STEM fields. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction The ability of military clinicians to conduct military medical research is often limited because of competing priorities and a lack of research mentorship. The Clinician-Scientist Investigator Opportunity Network (CSION) was developed with the intent of training clinicians how to engage in requirements-driven research within the DoD. Materials and Methods Three to five academic medical faculties were selected from a pool of applicants each year to participate in a 2-year research fellowship. To be eligible for the CSION program, applicants had to meet the following criteria: (1) Completed residency graduate medical education training, (2) not be currently enrolled as a graduate medical education trainee, and (3) obtained permission from their department leadership to focus 25% of their duty hours on CSION participation to include didactic and research efforts. The remaining 75% of fellows' time was dedicated to clinical duties. Monthly didactics, intensive mentorship, and consistent support were offered to each fellow by the CSION leadership team. Metrics were recorded to include both research and clinical productivity. Results Between January 2019 and December 2022, 12 CSION fellows graduated from the program (four in the class of 2020, three in 2021, and five in 2022). From 2019 to 2021, the 12 CSION fellows initiated 204 research protocols, generated 489 publications/presentations, and secured 33 research grants. All graduates of the program remain active in clinical research with multiple graduates currently assigned to research positions. Conclusions The CSION research education program is a 2-year additional duty research fellowship producing clinician-scientists conducting military-relevant medical research and publications and may be considered a low-cost/highly efficient alternative to achieve the reported benefits of the MD–PhD tract. The expansion of the CSION program may improve the quality of military medical research and health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a list of awards, scholarships, and grants that were awarded at the SICB Meeting in January 2024. The winners include students from various universities who received awards for their oral and poster presentations in different categories such as DAB, DCB, DCE, DCPB, DEDB, DEDE, DEE, DIZ, DNNSB, DOB, DPCB, and DVM. Additionally, the article mentions the recipients of special awards such as the Dorothy H. Skinner Award, George A. Bartholomew Award, M. Patricia Morse Award, John A. Moore Lecture, Howard Bern Lecture, Carl Gans Award, Inaugural Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice Award, and the Inaugural Science and Society Lecture. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides brief biographies and accomplishments of the recipients of the Microanalysis Society (MAS) awards for 2024. The Peter Duncumb Award for Excellence in Microanalysis was awarded to Sergei V. Kalinin, a microscopist known for his work in artificial intelligence and machine learning methods for microanalysis. The KFJ Heinrich Award, which honors a scientist who has made distinguished contributions to microanalysis, was given to Shelly Conroy, a researcher specializing in in situ TEM and correlative microscopy. The MAS Presidential Science Award, recognizing outstanding technical contributions, was awarded to Paul Kotula, who has pioneered microanalytical techniques. Donovan Leonard received the MAS Presidential Service Award for his volunteer service to the society. Additionally, the article mentions the MAS Fellows, a select group of eminent scientists in the field of microanalysis. [Extracted from the article]

Professor Dr med., Dr h. c. (mult.) Eberhard Ritz was a renowned nephrologist and researcher. He was born in Heidelberg, Germany in 1938 and began his medical studies in 1957. Throughout his career, he focused on the relationship between the kidney and blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and chronic nephropathies. Professor Ritz published over 1500 articles and held various leadership positions in scientific organizations. He also played a crucial role in promoting collaboration and education in nephrology in Eastern Europe. Professor Ritz's contributions broke down barriers and fostered lasting cooperation among scientists, clinicians, and patients. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the lack of research output and physician-scientists from developing countries, highlighting the challenges of funding, infrastructure, and mentorship. It emphasizes the importance of structured research training for medical students and early career physicians, advocating for research teaching to be integrated into medical curricula. The Research Council of Pakistan (RCOP) is presented as an example of an organization that aims to train future leaders in academic medicine by providing research workshops and mentorship opportunities. The article also mentions the positive impact of online workshops during the pandemic, which increased participation and publication rates among medical students, particularly women. The RCOP model is suggested as a potential solution to overcome the shortage of physician-scientists in developing countries and promote international collaborations. [Extracted from the article]

Background Increasing demands to generate, translate, and implement evidence into practice in manpower and budget-constrained environments triggered innovative support for the nursing scientific community. The Clinical Inquiry in Nursing Readiness (CINR) fellowship is a solution to integrate readiness into clinical inquiry priorities and develop future experts in the field. Methods This article describes the fellowship program structure, implementation, and contributions to nursing science, readiness, and professional development. We share specific recommendations based on our experiences to enhance and sustain this valuable fellowship program. Results Six fellows have completed the CINR fellowship since its launch in July 2019. Fellows garnered $40,000 in grant funds for five evidence-based practices, two research studies, and six clinical inquiry initiatives. So far, the fellows have produced 20 knowledge products: Three published manuscripts, three evidence-based resource toolkits, nine professional conference presentations (one international), five professional certifications, a variety of organization-wide leadership briefings, and two military decorations specific to the pandemic response. Conclusions Establishing a fellowship program to develop a pipeline of readiness-focused nurse scientists and evidence-based practice experts builds future capacity for the enterprise while professionally developing individual nurses for advanced degrees and clinical inquiry leadership roles. Individuals and organizations aspiring to promote a culture of nursing inquiry may benefit from fellowships such as the CINR program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text explores the development of Kenyan athletes and the role of education in their success. It discusses how Kenyan student athletes began accepting athletic scholarships to U.S. colleges in the 1970s, which established pipelines for more Kenyan student athletes to come to the U.S. These pipelines were important for sustaining Kenya's dominance in middle- and long-distance running and provided opportunities for disadvantaged Kalenjin students to access higher education abroad. The development of these pipelines was influenced by Cold War-era educational exchange programs and the diplomatic relationship between Kenya and the United States. The text also highlights the challenges faced by Kenyan athletes due to NCAA rules and discusses the limited opportunities for Kenyan women runners to receive scholarships and participate in international athletics. While the recruitment of Kenyan athletes to U.S. colleges expanded opportunities for Kenyans in collegiate track and field, scholars have raised concerns about the power dynamics and potential exploitation involved in this process. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the experiences of American students studying abroad in Spain during the Cold War era. It focuses on the tensions between the study abroad program's goals and the activism of two students, Roberta Alexander and Karen Winn, who questioned US imperialism. The article explores the relationship between citizen diplomacy and the state, as well as the challenges faced by students who challenged US foreign policy. It also examines the role of study abroad programs in shaping global citizenship and the limited attention given to undergraduate students in Cold War scholarship. The text discusses initiatives to increase access to higher education in the US during the Cold War, but notes that these initiatives still favored white Americans and perpetuated cultural assumptions. The concept of American world citizenship is explored, highlighting how it operated through privilege and access to education and passports. The University of California's Education Abroad Program (EAP) aimed to cultivate an elite citizenry and fulfill international obligations, but faced challenges from civil rights and anti-imperialist movements. The experiences of Alexander and Winn demonstrate the complexities of American world citizenship. The text also discusses US public diplomacy efforts in Spain, where US civil liberties clashed with foreign policy objectives. The article specifically focuses on the experiences of three American students, Alexander, Winn, and Watanabe, who participated in the EAP in Madrid in the 1960s. The establishment of the EAP study center in Spain was driven by student and faculty interest, despite differing opinions on sending students to a fascist country. Alexander and Winn's involvement in [Extracted from the article]

Drawing upon recent criminological scholarship examining spectrality, as well as Jacques Derrida's notion of hauntology, this article sets out a framework to explore harms experienced as 'out of joint'. We propose a new sub-discipline of 'ghost criminology' as a means to explore and reckon with these afterlives. We identify three strands of the (in)visible, the (in)corporeal and dead space with which to capture phenomena hovering between presence and absence. In doing so, we provide examples of justice being achieved within this sense of time being 'off its hinges'. A 'ghost criminology' provides a means of listening to the voices of the discipline's dead, as well as the ghosts of its future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around the world, interim (temporary) constitutions are enacted as bridges to peace and democracy, expected to deliver fragile societies from conflict and authoritarian rule. Despite their growing use in recent years, their legal examination has to date largely been relegated to liminal spaces in existing bodies of scholarship, which variously conceive of them as constitutions, peace agreements, hybrid constitution-peace agreements, and procedural options in constitution- and peace-building efforts. Are these four understandings accurate and, if not, what do they miss? This article highlights all (proto-)interim constitutions enacted since 1789—more than 150 of them—as well as the historic events that prompted their enactment. It is argued that interim constitutions possess a combination of features that render them legally distinct from other constitutional instruments, as well as peace agreements. It is further demonstrated that interim constitutions are consistently enacted in the context of exceptional factual and legal circumstances, thereby disrupting ten assumptions in the state of the art regarding their purposes and optional use. It is concluded that understanding the legal distinctiveness and exceptional use of interim constitutions is essential for understanding what they are, why they are enacted, and whether they perform "successfully." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited resources for guidance on the transition from fellowship into a new faculty role in pediatric infectious diseases. This review aims to address this gap and provides a framework for a successful transition that is composed of four essential pillars—(1) stepping into your role, (2) finding your niche, (3) building your network, and (4) self-care—all of which are supported by strong mentorship/sponsorship and continual realignment with one's personal mission statement. In addition to providing general principles and guidance, this review also outlines specific steps that a junior faculty member can take to expand their influence and build a successful, fulfilling career in pediatric infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Military medicine is uniquely different from civilian medicine, and military physicians in the USA are primarily recruited through the Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP) and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). Medical students at the USUHS receive more than 650 hours of military-specific curriculum and spend 21 days engaged in field exercises. HPSP students complete two 4-week officer training sessions during their 4 years of medical school. There is a clear discrepancy in preparation for military medicine between HPSP and USUHS students. The USUHS School of Medicine undertook an initiative to develop a fully online self-paced course on the fundamentals of military medicine topics to help HPSP students bridge the gap in their preparation. This article will describe how the online self-paced course was designed and present feedback from the pilot offering of this course. Materials and Methods As proof of concept of the effectiveness of an online self-paced course for teaching the fundamentals of military medicine to HPSP students, two chapters from the "Fundamentals of Military Medicine" published by the Borden Institute were transferred to an online format. Each chapter was offered as a module. In addition to the chapters, an introduction and closing module were added to the pilot course. The pilot course was offered over 6 weeks. Data for this study were obtained from module feedback surveys, pre- and post-course quizzes, participant focus groups, and course evaluation surveys. Pre- and post-test scores were analyzed to evaluate content knowledge. The open-ended survey questions on the feedback forms and focus group transcripts were collated and analyzed as textual data. Results Fifty-six volunteers enrolled in the study, and 42 completed the pre- and post-course quizzes. This participant pool included HPSP students (79%, n  = 44) and military residents in civilian graduate medical education programs (21%, n  = 12). The module feedback surveys showed that most participants spent 1 to 3 hours on each of the modules, which they rated as extremely or quite reasonable (Module 1: 64%, Module 2: 86%, Module 3: 83%). There was not much difference between the overall quality of the three modules. The participants found content on application to the military-specific context very valuable. Of the different course elements, video content was rated as the most effective. Participant feedback clearly highlighted that HPSP students want a course that informs them about the fundamentals of military medicine and demonstrates how the information would apply to their lives. Overall, the course was effective. HPSP students showed knowledge gains and self-reported satisfaction with the course's objectives. They were able to locate information easily and understand the course expectations. Conclusions This pilot study has shown that there is a need for a course that provides the fundamentals of military medicine to HPSP students. A fully online self-paced course provides flexibility for the students and improves access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is an important topic in infectious diseases (ID) training, yet many ID fellowships lack formal training, and little is known about fellows' learning preferences. Methods We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with ID fellows across the United States during 2018 and 2019 to explore their experiences with and preferences for AS education during fellowship. Interviews were transcribed, deidentified, and analyzed to identify themes. Results Fellows had variable exposure to AS before and during fellowship, which impacted their knowledge about and attitude toward stewardship as a career; however, all fellows expressed the importance of learning general stewardship principles during fellowship. Some fellows' training included mandatory stewardship lectures and/or rotations, but most fellows felt their primary stewardship learning occurred through informal experiences in the clinical setting, such as holding the antimicrobial approval pager. Fellows expressed a preference for a standardized, structured curriculum that included in-person practical, interactive discussions with multidisciplinary faculty along with the opportunity to practice and apply their skills; however, they emphasized that time needed to be set aside for those educational activities. Although they wanted to learn the evidence and rationale for stewardship recommendations, they especially wanted training in and feedback on how to communicate stewardship recommendations to other health professionals, particularly in the setting of conflict. Conclusions ID fellows believe that standardized AS curricula should be included in their fellowship training, and they prefer structured, practical, and interactive learning experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY QUESTION What are the pre-existing medical conditions and lifestyle behaviours of women with and without PCOS during the preconception period? SUMMARY ANSWER During the preconception period, medical conditions of obesity, depression, anxiety, and a history of infertility were more highly prevalent in women with than without PCOS, and more women with than without PCOS were engaged in unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women with PCOS are predisposed to infertility and pregnancy complications. Optimizing preconception medical health and lifestyle behaviours can improve maternal and pregnancy outcomes but, to the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the preconception medical conditions and lifestyle behaviours of women with PCOS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE DURATION This is a cross-sectional study on 942 women with PCOS and 7024 women without PCOS, aged 24–30 years from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health, an ongoing, national survey-based prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The current study analysed self-reported data from Survey 6 collected in 2019 of the cohort of women born between 1989 and 1995. Explored outcomes included BMI, pre-existing medical conditions, and modifiable lifestyle behaviours, including smoking, recreational drug use, alcohol intake, and physical activity level, during the preconception period. Differences between subgroups were tested using Student's t -test, χ2 test, or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. The associations of pregnancy intention with medical conditions and lifestyle behaviours were examined using logistic regression. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Obesity, depression, anxiety, and infertility were highly prevalent in women actively planning for pregnancy. Among women with PCOS, the prevalence of obesity was 47.02%, followed by depression at 32.70%, anxiety at 39.62%, and infertility at 47.17%. Conversely among women without PCOS, the corresponding prevalence was lower, at 22.33% for obesity, 18.98% for depression, 23.93% for anxiety, and 16.42% for infertility. In women actively planning for pregnancy, only those without PCOS demonstrated a lower prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours compared to non-planning women. The prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours was similar in women with PCOS regardless of their pregnancy intentions. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that only moderate/high stress with motherhood/children (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.31, 95% CI 1.60–6.85) and history of infertility (adjusted OR 9.67, 95% CI 5.02–18.64) were significantly associated with active pregnancy planning in women with PCOS. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The findings were based on self-reported data. The cohort of women surveyed may have a higher level of education than women in the community, therefore our findings may underestimate the true prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions and lifestyle challenges faced by the broader population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS A higher proportion of women with than without PCOS had pre-existing medical conditions and engaged in potentially modifiable unhealthy lifestyle behaviours during preconception despite their risk for subfertility and pregnancy complications. Healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in guiding this high-risk group of women during this period, offering counselling, education, and support for the adoption of healthy lifestyles to improve fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and intergenerational health. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) C.T.T. holds a seed grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) through the Centre of Research Excellence in Women's Health in Reproductive Life (CRE WHiRL) and Royal Australasian College of Physician Foundation Roger Bartop Research Establishment Fellowship. H.T. holds an NHMRC Medical Research Fellowship. C.L.H. holds an NHMRC CRE Health in Preconconception and Pregnancy Senior Postdoctoral Fellowship. A.E.J. holds a CRE WhiRL Early to Mid-career Fellowship. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Heart Journal (EHJ) has a team of associate editors, including Sean Van Diepen, Kapka Miteva, Antoine Bondue, and Konstantinos Stellos. These editors work closely with the editor-in-chief to manage the peer review process, make decisions, assign reviewers, and provide final manuscript recommendations. Each editor brings a unique background and expertise to their role, contributing to the high-quality science papers submitted to EHJ. Their collective goal is to advance scientific quality and provide expert guidance in cardiovascular medicine to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the evolution of the Med-Peds ID fellowship application process, reflecting on historical challenges and recent improvements. Topics include the progress made in streamlining the application process for Med-Peds ID trainees, the difficulties faced by applicants due to separate and inconsistent application systems in the past, and the impact of the 2007–2009 US recession on fellowship funding and recruitment.

The article in the European Heart Journal celebrates Prof. Petr Widimský and 20 other colleagues for their outstanding contributions as distinguished reviewers in the scientific community. Prof. Widimský, a renowned cardiologist from Prague, Czechia, has been recognized for his long-standing dedication to maintaining high standards in scientific publications. The article highlights the importance of good reviewers in ensuring quality, integrity, and rigor in scientific research, emphasizing key requirements for effective peer review. Prof. Widimský's role as a reviewer for the European Heart Journal reflects his deep commitment to the European Society of Cardiology and his significant contributions to the field of cardiology. [Extracted from the article]

The article in Military Medicine discusses the importance of implementing emergency fresh whole blood transfusion (EFWBT) training for military medical officers, particularly in austere environments. The author, a former Marine, emphasizes the logistical challenges faced in acquiring medical supplies and highlights the value of EFWBT as a flexible and life-saving approach. The article suggests expanding EFWBT training to Health Professions Scholarship Program students to ensure consistent instruction and high standards of care across the force, ultimately better preparing future medical officers for challenges in the field. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about the contributors and resources available at the Bibliographical Society Library and Archive. The contributors include experts in various fields such as Spanish literature, medieval studies, and bibliography. The library is currently located at the Albert Sloman Library at the University of Essex and offers open-access shelving. The archive is housed at the Bodleian Library and covers the Society's activities from its foundation in 1892 to 2008. The document also mentions the availability of virtual issues of the journal, grants offered by the Society, and the different series of the Transactions and The Library publications. [Extracted from the article]

The French Studies Bulletin provides information on various events and opportunities related to French studies. The bulletin announces the upcoming SFS Annual Conference in Stirling and the 2024 Postgraduate Conference. It also highlights the winners of the Prize Research Fellowship and the Visiting International Fellowship. Additionally, the bulletin announces the recipients of the Malcolm Bowie Prize and the R. Gapper Postgraduate Essay Prize. The bulletin also provides information on the R. Gapper Book Prize and the Research Monographs in French Studies series. Lastly, it mentions the availability of research support funding for conferences and workshops in French Studies. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a letter published in the British Journal of Surgery that discusses racial disparities in outcomes after liver transplantation in the UK. The study analyzed data from the UK Transplant Registry on liver transplants performed between January 2009 and December 2019. The findings showed that black recipients had significantly poorer 1-year graft survival compared to white recipients. The study suggests that inherent immunological differences and potential lack of access to transplant services may contribute to these disparities. Further research is needed to improve equitable health outcomes for all liver transplant recipients. [Extracted from the article]

Mike and Theda primarily resided in Las Vegas, NV, while raising their three children, Shannon, Caoimhín, and Erin. Mike O'Farrell and Bruce Miller beginning a night of recording bats on the Sarstoon River, January 1999 during the Scientific American Expedition, where they confirmed the vocal signature of the Ghost Bat (Diclidurus albus) in Belize. Through trial and error, Mike perfected his technique for slow cooking what was essentially a restaurant-quality hot meal, seamlessly timed for return of the crew from setting traps in the late afternoon. Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC 5 O'Farrell M.J., Clark W.A., Emmerson F.H., Juarez S.M., Kay F.R., O'Farrell T.M., Goodlett T.Y. 1994. [Extracted from the article]

This paper addresses policy effects of international mobility in developing countries. It proposes a multilevel approach to study research training policies, specifically focusing on international mobility schemes as capacity-building instruments, where effects need to be identified at both individual and organizational levels. The paper asserts that current categorizations of country efforts to build a solid scientific base should consider transference of effects in domestic research contexts. Using a survey and interview-based study of a mobility policy in Mexico, and nanotechnology-related disciplines and sectors, this paper's findings suggest that mobility policies are crucial in creating high-quality individual research skills, but that their impact on building domestic research capacity may be modest. This paper contributes to the evaluation literature on national research training programs and their influence on research capacity in two ways. First, it mobilizes a multilevel analytical approach to examine the effects of policies on individuals and organizations, offering a broader conceptualization of impact. Second, by introducing these individual and organizational effects, the paper provides insights into how effects are enacted and transferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MC 77.233, an incantation bowl in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic script held in the Magnes Collection, is here published for the first time. Written primarily for Ḥammādā daughter of Xwārōy, it deepens and nuances our understanding of apotropaic activities in late antique Babylonia and surrounding regions, with terminology and phrases that are, at turns, typical and unique. Notable, too, are its combinations of, and allusions to, motifs that are elaborated with greater detail on other specimens. My discussion focuses on the role of both client and scribe in the bowl’s production, highlighting connections to bowls of other clients, to several well-attested formula repertoires, and to other Sasanian literary sources like the Babylonian Talmud. Throughout, I emphasize the opportunities for comparative analysis that are now available due to the increasing volume of bowl publications and recent scholarship on religious life, material culture, and interactions between Jews and others in late antique Mesopotamia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Evidence indicates that desire for fellowship training is most influenced by personal interest, enhancement of career options, and a specific interest in an academic medicine career. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate anesthesiology fellowship interest and its potential impact on military retention and other outcomes. We hypothesized that current fellowship training accessibility is outpaced by the interest for fellowship training and that additional factors will be associated with the desire for fellowship training. Methods This prospective cross-sectional survey study was approved as Exempt Research by the Brooke Army Medical Center Institutional Review Board in November 2020. Participants were eligible to complete the online voluntary survey if they were active duty anesthesiologists. Anonymous surveys were administered via the Research Electronic Data Capture System from December 2020 to January 2021. Aggregated data were evaluated using univariate statistics, bivariate analyses, and a generalized linear model. Results Seventy-four percent of general anesthesiologists (those without fellowship training) were interested in pursuing future fellowship training versus 23% of subspecialist anesthesiologists (those currently in fellowship training or have completed fellowship training), odd ratio 9.71 (95% CI, 4.3-21.7). Of subspecialist anesthesiologists, 75% indicated serving in a nongraduate medical education (GME) leadership position (e.g. service/department chief), with 38% serving in a GME leadership position (e.g. program or associate program director). Almost half (46%) of subspecialist anesthesiologists reported being "extremely likely" to serve ≥20 years, versus 28% of general anesthesiologists. Conclusions There is a high demand among active duty anesthesiologists for fellowship training, which in turn, may improve military retention. The demand for fellowship training is outpaced by what the Services currently offer, including training in Trauma Anesthesiology. Leveraging this interest in subspecialty fellowship training, particularly when the skills align with combat casualty care–related requirements, would greatly benefit the Services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Only 74% of infectious diseases (ID) training positions were filled in the 2022 fellowship match, indicating a need to find increasingly novel and creative solutions for ID recruitment and outreach. Methods The websites of 2321 universities and 181 medical schools across the United States were manually searched for the presence of undergraduate clubs and interest groups, respectively, for multiple medical specialties and subspecialties, including ID. Geographic data were used to compare the proximity of ID fellowships to undergraduate institutions. Results ID student groups were extremely rare among the categories studied throughout undergraduate institutions (6 out of 2048, or 0.29%). Only 58 of 163 (35.6%) medical schools nationwide included an ID student group. Geographic comparison found that every adult ID fellowship is in the same county and/or city as at least 1 undergraduate institution and 28.5% of adult ID fellowships are in the same zip code as at least 1 undergraduate institution. Conclusions The relative paucity of ID student interest groups presents an opportunity for the ID community to begin outreach and recruitment at the undergraduate and medical student levels, specifically through student groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]