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Researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai conducted a study on the human milk antibody response to the JYNNEOS vaccine for monkeypox prevention. The study found that the milk antibody response exhibited unique kinetics, particularly for IgA, and highlighted the potential for long-lasting protective secretory IgA. The research suggests that this vaccine platform should be considered for future studies on maternal vaccines to elicit a protective milk antibody response. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Queensland discusses the use of self-assembling peptides in vaccine adjuvant discovery. Traditional vaccines have limitations, and subunit vaccines offer a promising alternative by utilizing minimal pathogenic components to stimulate effective immunity. Self-assembling peptides show potential as immunostimulatory agents in vaccine development, with their unique structures and applications highlighted in the research. For more information, the full article is available in Immuno, and the researchers involved can be contacted for further details. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital aimed to determine the effectiveness of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine in liver-transplanted (LT) children. The study found that the HAV vaccine was highly immunogenic and safe for LT children. However, the study also highlighted inadequate vaccination coverage, leaving many LT children susceptible to infection. The researchers emphasized the need for improved vaccination strategies before and after liver transplantation. [Extracted from the article]

Versitech Limited has been issued a patent for devices and methods that enhance the effectiveness of intradermal vaccinations. The patent describes an occlusive dressing that delivers topical medication to enhance the effect of an immunizing composition delivered by injection. The dressing includes a barrier layer with a central aperture through which the injection is administered. The topical medication can be applied to the skin or to the dressing itself. This invention aims to improve the immunogenicity of vaccines, particularly for populations such as older adults and young children who may have poor immune responses to commercial flu vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for interleukin-2/interleukin-2 receptor alpha fusion proteins and methods of use. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a biologic that has been used to boost immune responses in cancer and HIV/AIDS patients. However, IL-2 has limitations, including a short half-life and toxicity at high doses. The patent describes various methods and compositions for modulating the immune system, including fusion proteins that combine IL-2 with the extracellular domain of IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ra). These fusion proteins have the potential to decrease or increase immune responses, enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines, and increase T regulatory cell activity. The patent is assigned to the University of Miami. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Churchill Hospital in Oxford, United Kingdom, has explored the use of controlled human infection models (CHIM) to advance the development of Salmonella vaccines. CHIM studies involve deliberately exposing healthy human volunteers to an infectious agent, allowing researchers to estimate vaccine efficacy, study disease pathogenesis, and assess vaccine immunogenicity in a controlled environment. The research focuses on identifying immunological correlates of protection (CoP) for invasive Salmonella pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS), which cause significant mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries. The findings contribute to our understanding of immune mechanisms associated with protection following vaccination against invasive Salmonella pathogens. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Center for Molecular Immunology in Havana, Cuba, explored the use of an EGF-based vaccine in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of depleting EGF in COPD patients through vaccination. The trial involved 26 patients who received the vaccine, and the results showed that the vaccine was well-tolerated and led to a significant improvement in lung function and physical functioning. The researchers concluded that depleting EGF could be a promising approach to treating chronic inflammatory lung diseases associated with EGFR aberrant signaling. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Bahauddin Zakariya University have developed a peptide-based vaccine against blastomycosis, a serious and sometimes fatal infection caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. The vaccine was designed using subtractive proteomics and reverse vaccinology approaches, focusing on identifying therapeutic targets and potential epitopes for both B- and T-cells. The vaccine constructs showed suitable physicochemical properties and were predicted to interact with the human TLR-4 receptor. However, further experimental validation is needed to confirm the vaccine's immunogenicity. This study provides a promising initiative for the development of effective vaccines against Blastomyces dermatitidis. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology have developed a method for enhancing the cellular uptake of liposomes, which are nanocarriers used in vaccines. They synthesized surface-charged liposomes using a one-step microfluidic method and found that these liposomes exhibited higher endocytosis efficiencies compared to uncoated liposomes or those coated with anionic polyelectrolytes. The researchers also observed that mice vaccinated with a mixture of liposomes and an anthrax vaccine showed faster and stronger immune responses compared to those vaccinated with the vaccine alone. This study suggests that quaternary chitosan-coated liposomes can act as both nano-carriers and vaccine adjuvants to enhance immune responses. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the optimization of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in mRNA vaccines. While LNPs have been successful in enhancing vaccine efficacy, they can also trigger adverse inflammatory reactions. The researchers propose engineering ionizable lipids for rapid biodegradation as a strategy to reduce inflammation. They demonstrate that fast-degrading ionizable lipids can balance vaccine efficacy and tolerability, potentially addressing side effects and improving patient acceptance of new vaccine applications. This research is still in the preprint stage and has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

New research from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology in India focuses on the development of a vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The study proposes the use of machine learning techniques to predict immunodominant peptides (IPs) of RSV, which can be used to induce a targeted immune response. The hybrid machine learning model, specifically the XGBoost classifier with chi-squared weighting and backward search feature selection, was identified as the best model with an accuracy of 97.10%. The predicted IPs can serve as potential vaccine candidates for RSV, saving time and resources in vaccine development. [Extracted from the article]

New research from Panjab University in Chandigarh, India explores the potential of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 agonists as vaccine adjuvants. The study focuses on the adsorption of TLR7/8 agonists on aluminum salts (alum) to enhance vaccine immunogenicity. The researchers found that a specific compound, 7,8-dihydroxy-IMDQ derivative (dh-p-AM-BBIQ), showed promising results in inducing a potent antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and hepatitis B surface antigen in immunized mice. The combination adjuvant of compound 21 adsorbed to alum is considered a promising candidate for further development as a human and veterinary vaccine adjuvant. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Thomas Jefferson University has found that certain bacterial polysaccharide vaccines, such as the typhoid Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) and tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate (MCV4) vaccines, are not highly immunogenic, especially in infants. To address this issue, the researcher developed a nontoxic adjuvant called Turbo, which improved the immunogenicity of these vaccines across all age groups and eliminated the need for boosters. Turbo adjuvanticity is primarily dependent on the MyD88 axis and involves the activation of costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40. This research suggests that Turbo can enhance the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccines against various bacterial pathogens. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides information about a newly launched clinical trial, NCT06518577, which aims to measure the immunity against circulating influenza viruses in US adults aged 18-64 years. The study will randomly assign participants to receive either an approved cell culture-based influenza vaccine (Flucelvax) or a licensed comparator influenza vaccine (Flublok or Fluzone). Blood samples will be collected at different time points to measure biomarkers of immune response, and participants may also provide saliva specimens. The study will also involve electronic surveys and laboratory testing for influenza and other respiratory viruses. The study is expected to be completed by May 30, 2025. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China have published a report on their findings regarding the development of a potential vaccine against Vandammella animalimorsus, a bacterium transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals. Using a reverse vaccinology approach, the researchers identified five outer membrane proteins as potential vaccine candidates. They also retrieved 16 immunodominant epitopes, which were integrated into a chimeric vaccine to enhance immunogenicity. The researchers concluded that their computational methods and omics data integration have shown promise in discovering novel vaccine targets and reducing vaccine failure rates. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Federal University Pelotas explored the immunogenicity of an inactivated Senecavirus A (SVA) vaccine using a contemporary Brazilian strain in mice. SVA is a picornavirus that affects swine and causes a vesicular disease similar to foot-and-mouth disease. The study found that the vaccine induced a strong immune response in the mice, as evidenced by high levels of IgG antibodies and the proliferation of specific immune cells. These results suggest that the vaccine formulation is safe and effective in stimulating both humoral and cellular immune responses against SVA. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Emory University have conducted a study on the relationship between immunogenicity and reactogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccines. The study found that the level of reactogenicity experienced by individuals after receiving the vaccine was related to their baseline humoral immunity to the included antigen. Participants with higher reactogenicity developed greater titer fold change after four weeks, although the response magnitude was similar or lower compared to those with lower reactogenicity. This research provides new insights into the factors that influence the effectiveness of influenza vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control compared the immunogenicity of two vaccines, LZ901 and HZ/su, in a mouse model. Herpes zoster (HZ) is an infectious disease caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV), with a majority of cases occurring in adults over 50 years of age. The study found that LZ901 induced levels of gE-specific IgG antibodies comparable to HZ/su and demonstrated higher levels of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in BALB/c mice. These findings suggest that LZ901 may be a promising alternative to HZ/su for the prevention of HZ. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, examined the impact of HIV infection on the immunogenicity of the yellow fever (YF) vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH). The study found that PLWH had impaired YF vaccine immunogenicity, with lower levels of YF neutralization antibodies (NAb) 30 days after vaccination, particularly in individuals with a CD4 count below 350 cells/mm3. The researchers also observed a correlation between markers of immune activation, exhaustion, and inflammation with YF-NAb titers. These findings highlight the importance of immune deregulation in YF vaccine response in PLWH. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Boston Children's Hospital explored the immunogenicity of vaccines in different age groups. The researchers used mass cytometry to analyze the immune responses of human blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) from newborns, adults, and elders after stimulation with adjuvants. They found that early IFNg production is a marker of effective vaccine immunogenicity in adults and that NK cells are the key source of innate IFNg responses. The study highlights the potential for tailored adjuvantation systems to enhance immunity in vulnerable populations. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for a tumor vaccine based on tumor-derived microparticles (TMPs), along with its preparation method and use. The current limitations of tumor vaccines include low immunogenicity, the effect of the vaccine delivery system, and high research and development costs. The proposed tumor vaccine addresses these issues by using TMPs as antigen carriers, which have a small particle size and contain antigenic information on tumor cells. The vaccine is prepared by subjecting tumor cells to separation, mixing the TMPs with a polyethyleneimine (PEI) solution, and then mixing with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution. This approach offers advantages such as improved immunogenicity, effective delivery of tumor antigens, and reduced toxicity. The method is cost-effective and suitable for clinical application. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Hong Kong examined the relationship between gut microbiota and immunogenicity after three doses of the CoronaVac vaccine. The study found that the levels of neutralizing antibodies decreased over time after COVID-19 vaccination. The researchers identified certain bacterial species, such as Eubacterium rectale, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Streptococcus salivarius, that were enriched in individuals with low immune response. These findings suggest that the composition of gut microbiota may impact long-term immunogenicity following vaccination. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in London, United Kingdom, focused on the impact of different immunosuppressive agents on the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination in patients with inflammatory arthritis. The study found that for the majority of patients with inflammatory arthritis, the pneumococcal vaccine can be administered with confidence, as it achieves comparable seroconversion rates to the healthy population. However, patients on rituximab were found to be the group least likely to achieve a response, suggesting the need for further research on multiple course vaccination schedules for this population. The study concluded that JAK inhibitors did not significantly affect vaccine response. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Hainan University in China has explored a novel approach to developing anti-nicotine vaccines. The researchers utilized a method called thiol-maleimide click chemistry to conjugate maleimide-modified nicotine with a carrier protein. This approach resulted in enhanced immunogenicity and higher antibody titers compared to traditional methods. The study also found that the use of certain adjuvants further increased the effectiveness of the vaccines. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of small-molecule vaccines and could have implications for other similar studies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Vanderbilt University Medical Center explored the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. The researchers used mass cytometry to analyze immune cell subpopulations in HCT recipients before and after vaccination. They found that certain B- and T-cell subpopulations were predictive of vaccine responses, and baseline levels of specific immune cells were associated with higher antibody titers. This research provides valuable insights into the immune determinants of vaccine responses in this vulnerable population and may inform the development of tailored vaccination strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research conducted at the University of Siena on the impact of protein nanoparticle shape on the immunogenicity of antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines. The researchers found that spherical ferritin nanoparticles were able to induce the highest immune response in mice compared to other glycoconjugate nanoparticles. The study suggests that shape, rather than size, is a key attribute to consider in the development of glycoconjugate vaccines. The research utilized advanced technologies such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Asymmetric Flow-Field Flow fractionation, and Transmission electron microscopy to characterize the nanoparticles. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Jiangnan University in Wuxi, People's Republic of China, has found that re-N-acetylation of Group B Streptococcus Type Ia Capsular Polysaccharide (CPS) improves the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccines. The researchers observed structural modifications and enhanced antigenicity of CPS Ia after re-N-acetylation. The conjugate containing re-N-acetylated CPS (IaReN-TT) was found to enhance the induction of IgG antibody levels and functional antibodies in mice, leading to superior protective efficacy. This research suggests that re-N-acetylation of CPS Ia could be a critical step in refining the immunogenic profile of glycoconjugate vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published in the journal Vaccines examined the impact of recombinant VSV-HIV prime, DNA-boost vaccine candidates on immunogenicity and viremia in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. The researchers found that while the vaccinated animals developed non-neutralizing antibody responses against both HIV and the Ebola virus glycoprotein, these responses did not provide observable protection against SHIV infection. The study highlights the challenges in developing an effective vaccine for HIV and the need for further research in this area. The research was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research and the Independent Research Fund Denmark. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been submitted for a new method of boosting the immunogenicity of vaccines using saponins and agonists of the intracellular stimulator of interferon genes pathway. The application focuses on the use of these adjuvants in influenza vaccines, particularly for elderly individuals. The saponins used are derived from the bark of the South American tree Quillaia saponaria Molina, and the agonists of the intracellular stimulator of interferon genes pathway are cyclic dinucleotides. The patent application also mentions the use of microneedles for intradermal administration of the vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research on subunit vaccines, which have the potential to control infectious diseases due to their safety profile, immunogenicity, and simplified manufacturing processes. The study focuses on the role of dendritic cells in evaluating the efficacy of vaccines in vitro. By using an immortalized murine dendritic cell line, the researchers were able to assess antigen presentation and dendritic cell activation, which correlated with previous in vivo study outcomes. This assay provides a cost-effective and rapid method for selecting lead vaccine candidates based on dendritic cell activation capacity before conducting animal studies. [Extracted from the article]

A Phase IIb clinical trial, NCT06251024, is underway to assess the effectiveness of an RSV vaccine candidate in preventing lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) caused by RSV in adults aged 60 years and older. The study aims to enroll around 4500 participants who will receive either the vaccine or a placebo. The primary outcome measure is the occurrence of the first episode of LRTD due to RSV, while secondary outcome measures include other RSV-related illnesses, duration of episodes, and antibody levels. The trial is expected to conclude by March 2025. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from osf.io discusses the impact of pre-vaccination immune status and vaccination history on the effectiveness of influenza vaccines. The study found that factors such as pre-vaccination antibody levels and vaccination history can influence the duration of seroprotection after vaccination. Individuals with lower pre-vaccination antibody levels had longer durations of seroprotection. The study also highlighted the importance of considering pre-vaccine antibody levels and prior vaccination status when evaluating the effectiveness of vaccines. This research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a condition associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) that can lead to cervical cancer. The study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of therapeutic vaccines for high-grade CIN. A systematic review of clinical trials found that the vaccines were generally safe and well-tolerated, with positive clinical and immunological responses. However, more research is needed, particularly in the form of well-designed phase III randomized controlled trials, to further investigate the potential of therapeutic vaccines for CIN treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Mercer University in Atlanta, Georgia, explored the potential of (S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD) analogs in microparticulate formulation as vaccine adjuvants. The researchers found that synthetic analogs of DPD molecules, such as ent-DPD, n-butyl-DPD, and isobutyl-DPD, showed immunogenicity and adjuvant efficacy with microparticulate gonorrhea vaccines. However, n-hexyl-DPD and phenyl-DPD did not exhibit any adjuvant effect. The study suggests that these analogs have the potential to be promising vaccine adjuvants, although further in vivo evaluation is needed to confirm their efficacy. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Gansu, People's Republic of China, discusses the importance of adjuvants in vaccine development. The researchers highlight that while new-generation vaccines are safer, they are less immunogenic than traditional vaccines. Emulsion-based adjuvants, such as MF59 and AS03, have been approved for clinical use and can enhance the immunogenicity of these vaccines. The report provides an overview of the research progress on emulsion-based adjuvants and their mechanism of action, offering insights into the future development of these vaccine adjuvants. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Emory University for a method of boosting the immunogenicity of vaccines using saponins and agonists of the intracellular stimulator of interferon genes pathway. The patent describes the use of a combination of saponins and cyclic dinucleotides as adjuvants in vaccines, particularly for influenza vaccines. The method aims to improve vaccine efficacy, especially in elderly and immune suppressed populations. The patent also mentions the use of squalene nanoparticles and microneedles for intradermal administration of the vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Merck & Company has found that a single dose of the rVSV Delta G-ZEBOV-GP vaccine, which is used to prevent Ebola virus disease, induces robust antibody responses in both children and adults. The study, which involved 819 children and 783 adults, also found that vaccine virus shedding occurred in 31.7% of children, but only after the first dose and not after day 28 or a second dose. These findings support the use of the vaccine for at-risk children. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, and the European Clinical Trials Register. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from the University of Hong Kong examined the antibody response to the influenza A(H3N2) virus subtype in older adults who received standard-dose versus enhanced influenza vaccines. The study found that repeated vaccination with standard-dose influenza vaccine was associated with reduced immunogenicity and effectiveness, particularly against A(H3N2) viruses. However, enhanced vaccines improved antibody response in older adults who had received standard-dose vaccination in the previous year. These findings suggest that enhanced vaccines may be more effective in boosting immunity in older adults. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Coventry University in the United Kingdom have published a report on vaccine efficacy, specifically focusing on dendritic cell (DC) vaccines for cancer treatment. The DC vaccine strategy involves loading tumor-associated antigens onto cultured DCs and then infusing them into the patient. While the feasibility and safety of DC vaccines have been confirmed, clinical response rates remain disappointing. The researchers discuss the potential of genetic engineering strategies to optimize and boost the efficacy of DC vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for a new device and method for intradermal delivery of active agents into the skin to improve the immunogenicity of vaccine preparations. The invention involves a microprojection array with tapering hexagonal or octagonal microprojections that have a large surface area profile. The microprojections are coated with a vaccine antigen and provide a greater immunogenic response when administered to a human compared to intramuscular injection or other microprojection arrays with conical or cylindrical microprojections. The patent application provides detailed specifications for the design and application of the microprojection array. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control aimed to investigate the baseline levels of serotype-specific IgG antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and their impact on vaccine immunogenicity. The researchers collected blood samples from 584 healthy participants before and after receiving the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). The study found that many adults had high baseline antibody levels, which could affect the assessment of vaccine immunogenicity. The research suggests that the seroconversion rate decreased as baseline IgG levels increased. The study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Pfizer details findings on the immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged 18 to 49. The study analyzed participants who received either PCV13 or PCV15 vaccines and measured antibody responses to shared serotypes and functional responses to serotype 3. The results showed that both vaccines induced similar functional antibody responses against serotype 3. This research provides valuable information for understanding the effectiveness of different pneumococcal vaccines in adults. [Extracted from the article]

Immunomic Therapeutics Inc. has been issued a patent for nucleic acids that can be used as DNA vaccines to treat allergies, specifically addressing the risk of anaphylaxis caused by food allergies in young children. The patent focuses on the use of nucleic acids encoding epitopes delivered to antigen-presenting cells to induce an immune response. The inventors aim to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines by using specific antigens and targeting them to the lysosomal/endosomal compartment in cells. The patent describes the nucleic acids encoding these antigens and the methods of administering them to stimulate a therapeutic or prophylactic immune response in individuals with allergies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Manchester Royal Infirmary has provided new insights into Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium that causes meningococcal disease. The study focused on the effectiveness of meningococcal B (MenB) vaccines and the need for an assay that can evaluate vaccine immunogenicity against a large panel of disease-causing NmB strains. The researchers reviewed various methods, including the use of the serum bactericidal antibody assay (hSBA) with expanded NmB strain panels. They concluded that the hSBA assay using endogenous complement in each vaccinated person's serum (enc-hSBA) is a highly standardized and robust method that can accurately measure the immunological effectiveness of MenB vaccines in real-world conditions. This research was supported by Glaxosmithkline Biologicals Sa. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control focuses on the potency of vaccines. The researchers highlight the importance of potency in maintaining the quality and biological properties of vaccines. They discuss the development of in vitro alternatives to in vivo methods for assessing vaccine potency, citing the high demand for animals and the variability of in vivo methods as reasons for seeking alternatives. The researchers propose establishing one or more in vitro methods to determine vaccine antigen content and functions, while ensuring that the efficacy of vaccines is maintained. They also emphasize the need for in vitro methods to reflect the immunogenicity of novel vaccines in research and development. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the development and evaluation of an mRNA vaccine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The vaccine shows promising results in terms of virological suppression and immunogenicity in mouse models. It induces strong innate immune activation, high-level virus-specific antibodies, memory B cells, and T cells. The mRNA platform holds potential for the development of therapeutic vaccines against CHB. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Liverpool examined the immunogenicity and effectiveness of oral rotavirus vaccines (ORVs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India and Malawi. The study used metagenomic sequencing to analyze stool samples collected from infants at 6 weeks of age, coinciding with the first ORV dose. The researchers found that higher microbiome diversity in early life may be associated with impaired ORV response in India and Malawi. The study also highlighted the under-representation of reference genes from LMICs, which limits functional annotation in the research. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Stanford University focused on the Chikungunya virus and its vaccine. The study found that the vaccine, known as CHIKV VLP, was well-tolerated and immunogenic in individuals who already had pre-existing immunity to the virus. The study compared the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in seropositive and seronegative individuals and found no significant differences in adverse events, except for injection site swelling. The research concluded that the CHIKV VLP vaccine shows promise in providing protection against the Chikungunya virus. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Northwest A&F University in Shaanxi, China have discovered that a specific gene in chickens, called ISG12(2), can attenuate the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and enhance the efficiency of the ND vaccine. The study found that the expression of ISG12(2) decreased the virulence of NDV and increased the immunogenicity of the vaccine. This research suggests that ISG12(2) could be a potential molecular adjuvant for poultry vaccines, contributing to the development of more effective vaccines. The findings were published in the journal Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at King's College in London examined the impact of different immunosuppressive agents on the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination in patients with inflammatory arthritis. The study found that most patients with inflammatory arthritis can receive the vaccine with confidence and achieve comparable seroconversion rates to the general population. However, patients on rituximab were found to be the least likely to achieve a response, suggesting the need for further research on vaccination schedules for this group. The study also found that TNF inhibition monotherapy was associated with a greater chance of vaccine response compared to methotrexate. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the immunogenicity of anti-rheumatic drugs and pneumococcal vaccines in inflammatory arthritis. [Extracted from the article]