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Human Resource (HR) analytics is the process of collecting and analyzing employee data to understand the association between HR practices and firm performance to make decisions and formulate strategies. The study aims to systematically evaluate the literature on HR analytics under three aspects: decision-making, performance, and HR practices and functions. For this purpose, the study systematically reviews the literature on HR analytics available on Web of Science database. The study reviews 43 papers relating to HR analytics and finds decision-making as the building block for various effective HR practices and for enhancing the performance of employees. With regard to other available HR practices, organizations view recruitment and selection, retention, turnover, training, and employee engagement as crucial. These are the areas where management uses HR analytics for tackling big data and improving performance. The study further highlights the value addition HR analytics provides. By analyzing the interconnections between various factors through co-occurrence network analysis, the study shows that the importance management attaches to workforce data (through effective HR practices) while making strategic decisions plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper evaluates the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on firm performance along with other corporate finance variables. As expected, Covid-19 had a negative impact on firm’s performance, especially on small firms with pronounced leverage. The paper also highlights that firms with higher cash holdings were resilient in the face of the pandemic. Manufacturing firms were the worst hit as their tasks could not be executed remotely; supply chain of raw materials was severely disrupted. Another sector that bore the brunt was travelling and hospitality, where tasks cannot be digitized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender equality has been a top priority in sustainability agenda at global level under the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges (UN SSE) Initiative. The paper examines the impact of gender diversity on firm performance in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goal 5 on gender equality. For the analysis, S&P BSE Sensex constituent companies were considered, and data for the period 2015-16 to 2020-21 was examined. The paper employed ADF test to check stationarity and multiple regression analysis-Least squares method to analyze gender diversity impact on firm performance, using Eviews software. The findings show that total gender diversity (TGD) has a positive and significant impact on firm performance (ROA, ROE and ROCE), and board gender diversity (BGD) shows positive and insignificant association with ROA, ROE and ROCE. The study further shows that firm size, firm age and board size have significant association with firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 2000s, researchers have examined the connection between intellectual capital and firm performance, and it has grown globally and been recognized as a prominent research field. This paper, along with bibliometric analysis, aims to present quantitative and qualitative knowledge on the constantly expanding subject of intellectual capital with meticulous care, given the dearth of comprehensive summaries in the body of literature currently in existence. The primary goal of this paper is to offer an overview of all studies on intellectual capital and firm performance conducted worldwide. Data from the Scopus database was used for bibliometric analysis utilizing the Biblioshiny platform of the RStudio® software and network analysis through VOSviewer to examine publication trends, author productivity and notable contributors, prominent outlets, country-specific article distribution, and top institutions contributing to this area. The findings indicate that Bontis (2000) is the most prominent author in this area. Journal of Intellectual Capital is the most prolific journal, with 122 articles, and the most frequently cited journal, with 8726 citations. Ho Chi Minh City Open University is the world's most prolific research institute with 15 documents. Furthermore, keyword network analysis was performed to identify future research agendas. In addition, the keyword co-occurrence analysis indicates that other mounting topics in the intellectual capital and firm performance knowledge base are green intellectual capital, corporate governance, sustainability, and innovation, which pinpoints potential future research routes for academics in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business process optimization (BPO) is a crucial process in organizations that aims to maximize efficiency, minimize costs, and improve overall business performance. It involves modifying procedures to maximize parameters while adhering to certain limitations. The primary objectives of process optimization are productivity, efficiency maximization, and cost minimization. By examining current procedures, identifying areas for development, and implementing plans to expedite and enhance these procedures, organizations can increase productivity, lower costs, and boost customer satisfaction. By streamlining operations, organizations can eliminate bottlenecks and unnecessary tasks and enhance productivity, ultimately leading to sustainable growth and improved overall output. Lean Six Sigma, Kaizen, Deming Cycle, and other organizational development methodologies are used in BPO. Organizations can increase productivity by streamlining and optimizing their operations. This enables them to produce more in the same amount of time with the same resources, improving their overall output and growth. This paper provides a summary of the body of research on BPO and suggests possible study subjects based on secondary data. The intention is to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of BPO strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the impact of Domestic Institutional Ownership (DIO) upon firm performance in India using panel data for NSE 500 companies from 2010 to 2016. The study finds DIO to have a positive impact on Tobin's Q in panel regressions-fixed effects after using controls such as firm age, size, leverage, marketing intensity, foreign institutional ownership and promoter ownership. The study also tests the impact of Mutual Fund Ownership (MFO) and the impact of Banks, Development Financial Institutions (DFI), Insurance companies' (BFII) ownership separately and found MF has a positive impact on Tobin's Q. The study observed that all variables DIO, MF and BFII had no impact on Return on Assets (ROA) but BFII is found to have a negative impact on Return on Equity (ROE). The study found a positive impact of Mutual Funds (MFs) and a negative impact of 'Banks, FIs and Insurance companies' on firm performance in India. The paper contributes to the empirical literature on institutional ownership and firm performance in emerging economies. It has important implications for firms, investors, corporate policy makers and researchers particularly, in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate culture has emerged as an important component of organizational success since the early 1980s. South Korea’s unique style of corporate culture is regarded as an inseparable element of its impressive economic development. The successful experience of Korean enterprises with their competitive corporate culture has attracted attention from all over the world. Since Kyrgyzstan has a similar tradition and culture, Kyrgyz leaders have paid attention to the Korean style of management and its corporate culture and are considering it as a model for Kyrgyz organizations. This paper analyzes the South Korean corporate culture and discusses its main characteristics and key elements to find some relevant lessons for Kyrgyzstan. It also talks about the issues and challenges Kyrgyz organizations face regarding corporate culture, and finally makes some suggestions to Kyrgyzstan to build or reshape its corporate culture for superior performance of Kyrgyz organizations. All discussions and suggestions made in this paper are relevant to most of the developing countries in a similar environment or situation, and they can have a better idea of how to build a competitive corporate culture and achieve organizational performance based on these inputs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various studies have empirically examined the effect of corporate strategy on firm performance, but this paper differs in its methodological scope regarding time, geographic, and variable constructs. To achieve external validity of the research findings, this paper uses a more modern estimation procedure-the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)-on a panel data (2007-2017) for multinational banks in sub-Saharan Africa. It adopts more relevant corporate strategy constructs for firms with operations in many environments. The paper investigates the role of corporate strategies-geographic diversification, debt and equity financing-on firm's performance as indicated by Return on Assets (ROA). The key question behind this inquiry is: Does it profit a firm to have operations in many countries, or through raising funds from debt or equity financing? Such corporate strategies are expected to have positive returns. The findings show that corporate strategy affects the profitability of multinational banks. Specifically, unlike debt financing strategy, geographical diversification and equity financing positively affect bank's profitability in terms of ROA. The underlying implication for researchers, investors and corporate managers is that corporate decisions regarding where to invest and source of funds should be well planned if banks are to be successful in a multinational environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian companies have participated in the worldwide trend of consolidation through cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). During the last decade, there has been a sharp and consistent increase in the number of M&As in India. The paper explores the impact of cross-border M&A on firm performance and financial distress of selected cases in India from diverse sectors. The motive is to get a clear understanding as to whether the cross-border M&As actually lead to improvement in growth, profitability and efficiency of Indian corporate firms, and also whether it helps in reducing their financial distress. For this purpose, the paper has focused on a sample of nine large cross-border M&As in India from different sectors. It is found that these M&As have been effective in improving the firm performance and financial distress in some cases, whereas it has led to increased distress and reduced performance in others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's corporate world has realized the importance of spending a share of profit towards societal well-being and environmental protection. In line with that realization, the Indian Companies Act 2013 under Section 135 made that spending mandatory. This paper empirically tested the compliance level of Indian corporates in terms of allocation of firms' earnings and the extent of utilization of the same towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. Companies have started accounting for the unspent amount every year. Besides, analysis and results of this paper reveal that there is a positive relationship between CSR spending and firm's profit. It was witnessed empirically by analyzing four years' data of Nifty 50 and BSE 30 companies. Panel regression and Gaussian Mixture models were used and tested. It is found that both the NSE and BSE listed companies' previous year CSR spending had a positive impact on the current year's profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is very complex in nature due to its dynamic behavior and association with society and stakeholders. It is one of the most researched phenomena, but most of the studies have been carried out in the context of its linkage to financial performance, consumer behavior and marketing strategy neglecting the human resource management perspective. Only a few studies have considered employee emotions and feelings towards CSR. This paper explores the dimensions of CSR practices and its nexus with employee engagement and organizational performance. The study focuses on CSR as a significant contributing factor among the antecedents of employee engagement that has emerged as sustainable business strategy. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted to examine the impact of CSR on engagement and performance. The study found two dimensions of CSR practices-- internal CSR and external CSR--in which the internal CSR dimension has more influence in engaging employees as compared to external CSR dimension. It is also revealed that engagement is found to be a multifaceted strategy for organizational performance. Finally, the paper confirms the positive relationship between CSR practices and engagement, CSR and organizational performance and employee engagement and organizational performance. The study significantly contributes to the understanding of CSR strategy from an academic point of view that initiates newer avenues of CSR dimensions in shaping employees' attitude and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the effect of eleven Audit Committee (AC) characteristics on Firm Performance (FP). It identifies characteristics that significantly influence FP and develops an index to provide a holistic approach to the relationship between AC effectiveness and FP. It applies cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression and checks robustness using panel-corrected standard error regression after identifying heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and cross-sectional dependence of 375 observations. The study finds a significant positive effect of AC expertise, attendance in AC meetings, and the absence of executive directors in AC on both Return on Assets (ROA) and market capitalization of the firms. Gender diversity is exclusively significant for ROA, while shareholding positively impacts firm's market capitalization. This study is the first to use some new individual AC characteristics like the absence of executive directors in AC and AC charter and representation of AC members in board meetings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversifying into various other businesses and keeping all subsidiaries under one big umbrella has been an accepted corporate organizational structure for companies to grow into conglomerates. In a conglomerate, one company owns a controlling stake in a number of smaller firms, all of whom conduct their business separately and independently. In the second half of 2021 itself, three major conglomerates announced the breakup of their businesses into multiple units. The first to announce a breakup was the much revered and respected General Electric. General Electric announced that it would be breaking up into three separate companies in November 2021. The second to follow suit was the US pharmaceutical giant Johnson and Johnson. Across the Pacific, the Japanese conglomerate Toshiba, announced that it would be breaking up into three separate companies dealing with infrastructure, semiconductors and devices. These announcements created a serious question in the minds of strategic management thinkers who wondered if the conglomerate as an organizational entity would survive and be an acceptable proposition. Do these three examples signal a decline of conglomerates? Through a set of three small case studies, this paper examines the circumstances and forces that led each of these conglomerates to pursue demergers. The case studies were put together with information from secondary sources and from available literature on demergers. This paper also seeks to identify the critical success factors for improving the organizational performance after the breakup and prognosticate on the implications of the decline of conglomerates on other conglomerates that continue to operate in India and overseas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates whether there is evidence to support the concept that variations in observed ownership structures across firms result in methodical variations in observed financial performance in the Indian market. The study assesses the impact of ownership structure on corporate performance measured by both the market-based measures (Tobin’s Q, MBVR and MVA) and accounting-based measures (ROA, ROCE and ROE) of 178 NSE CNX listed nonfinancial companies for a period of 8 years from 2011 to 2018. Two different aspects of ownership structure are considered, i.e., concentration and owner identity. The results of the study could help the Indian companies, regulators, policymakers, and practitioners to adopt and sustain good corporate governance practices for value creation and for making them ready to meet the future changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of women directors in the upper rungs of the corporate has been a cause for concern for the social reformers, policy makers and stakeholders. The ever sensitive issue of gender diversity has been revisited in the Indian context in the special case of banking sector. The paper investigates the impact of women directors on the Indian banks' performance using Return on Assets (ROA) as a measure of performance. Using panel data analysis for 36 scheduled banks operating in India over a span of four years, the paper investigates the effect of women directors on bank's performance. The results highlight a strong statistical negative association between female directorship and performance measured through ROA, which defies the theories of ethics and economics. The results, though pave way for further investigations, undoubtedly establish women as important influencers of performance of banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of Corporate Governance (CG) variables on firm performance, and studies if the relation is different for State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and private enterprises. The study examined 53 listed Indian firms, wherein 33 are private and the remaining are SOEs for the period 2011 to 2019, using multivariate regression analysis. The CG variables used in the study are independent director, non-executive directors, meetings, audit committee, and board size. Further, the study provides evidence that among all the CG variables, independent director and audit committee are found to be significant and this relation remains consistent in both types of firms: SOEs and private. The study concludes that the overall performance of SOEs is less than that of the private firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information technology tools have proven to be the desired response for sustaining organizational performance. The paper examines the perceptions of students towards e-leadership. It is based on the observations obtained through a survey from 105 students. An important finding in this paper is that e-leaders will encourage the exchange of information in the organization. The swift decisions, continuous sense of urgency and speed have made e-leadership a vital part of the organization. However, this has certain limitations such as misunderstanding, lack of trust and empathy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the impact of Corporate Governance (CG) determinants on a firm's default risk and profitability for mid, small and large-cap Indian companies. In this paper, the authors examine the Indian firms' probability of default and their profitability depending on CG determinants by studying data on two dependent and 15 independent variables for 125 companies indexed in Nifty's (Indian stock exchange). We used panel data, panel regression model, and Altman test as statistical tools for analysis. The results show that defaulting companies have a higher concentration of ownership, lower voting interest, poorer financial transparency, and less efficient board composition. The findings also suggest the significance of considering the comprehensive use of CG information in corporate credit decisions, ultimately affecting the profitability determining Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Net Worth (RONW) of the firm. Large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap companies should include information on CG in their default prediction models for better performance, in addition to the financial information. This paper extends the present literature within the Indian context, particularly by examining Firm Performance (FP) and financial distress risk to the extent of CG mechanisms adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Governance (CG) is a set of principles and guidelines by which a company is governed. CG fundamentally involves consideration of the interests of a company's stakeholders, such as shareholders, senior management executives, customers and suppliers, financiers, the government, and the community. CG practices safeguards the interests of all stakeholders in the long run. The collapse of CG in business conglomerates has necessitated stern policies in order to uphold transparency and fair corporate practices. The need for the study has been the deficiency of research on CG influencing family business. This paper discusses the relationship of CG variables and Firm Performance (FP) measured by three dependent variables, Tobin's Q, ROA and ROE, in Indian family business listed on S&P Nifty-500 index. The study considered 86 family-owned firms selected from top 100 firms from the Nifty-500 index by market capitalization. The sample consists of five years' data from 2014 to 2019. The paper analyzes the relationship of CG variables such as board size, board independence, CEO duality, board meetings, and ownership structure to firm performance of the Indian family business listed on Nifty-500 index by using panel data Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model. The results show that most of the independent variables are significantly related to firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's banking sector plays a vital role in the progression and upliftment of the economies. Hence, measuring and ranking the performance of banks assumes importance. Ranking the banks will lead to improvement, and this fact necessitates the banks to measure their performance. In the present paper, an attempt is made to measure, benchmark and rank various Indian public sector banks using AHP and VIKOR methods for the period 2015-16. The data used in this study was taken from the published data of various banks. The paper also examines the ranking results using multicriteria methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to correlate the operational performance of firms with their financial performance using ratio analysis. Operational efficiency ratios give a clear picture of an organization's capabilities, especially in effective utilization of its resources to maximize returns to all stakeholders. In this study, the managerial effectiveness of three major energy firms has been considered. Four key ratios--inventory turnover, fixed asset turnover, investment turnover and debtor turnover ratios--have been taken into account when calculating efficiency. It is not enough that an organization's operations are managed effectively; it is also important how the organization will be impacted in the face of a crisis. The debtors' turnover ratio analysis can provide us clarity if the organization has better liquidity management. The study, conducted from 2016 to 2020, contrasts the organizations based on a chosen operational efficiency ratio at the same point in time, in what is termed as horizontal or cross-sectional ratio analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A business' performance is influenced by multiple variables such as the entrepreneur's characteristics, behavior and other environmental influences. However, the literature allocates minimal focus on the basics of entrepreneurship such as business acumen and startup skills. The present paper examines the impact of business acumen and startup skills on entrepreneurial development and success by exploring how much of business acumen is required to affect success and how entrepreneurs can develop business acumen. Furthermore, the paper explores the factors that influence startup skills and how entrepreneurs can develop startup skills. Entrepreneurs from various industries with more than two years of entrepreneurial experience were studied. A qualitative research approach was utilized for this study. Open-ended questions were constructed and interviews were carried out with experienced entrepreneurs. Although business acumen is perceived as a basic skill, this study discovered that entrepreneurs face challenges during the startup phase that are attributed to lack of or poor business acumen. Poor market intelligence, financial management and business administration leading to less or no profit generation are some of the challenges entrepreneurs face. This study further identified that entrepreneurs need a sufficient level of business acumen for their businesses to be successful, and that it may take up to a period of five years for one to acquire adequate levels of business acumen. It was also identified that there are numerous learning channels for acquiring the skill such as reading, formal education and mentorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to discover the interrelationships between Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility (CG and CSR) through different aspects. The reason behind the attempt is to analyze how the companies have postulated CG and CSR in their philosophies. Is there any difference between the outlooks of companies toward CG and CSR? How did the companies in their philosophy statements address the issues and dimensions of CG and CSR? The paper tries to explore various propositions on the relationship between CG and CSR through content analysis. The data for content analysis is obtained from annual reports of Nifty 50 companies. The reports are scanned for CG and CSR philosophy statements of companies with respect to marking the presence of a word, a sentence, a statement, a phrase or an idiom complementing any of the dimensions of CG and CSR identified for coding. A huge overlap between CG and CSR is found that demonstrated a two-way relationship significantly impacting each other. The study urges to see both the aspects as complementary to each other in the best interests of the company, stakeholder, and nation as a whole. The study gives an overview of the philosophies of companies representing the economic barometer of the country in terms of governance and social responsibility that can be useful for assessing the strengths of CG and CSR interrelationship in Indian companies. It samples the philosophies of companies with respect to both the aspects of CG and CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managers, executives and professionals spend immeasurable hours on their learning, networking, meetings, delivering presentations, writing articles/papers, getting qualifications, and attending lectures, workshops and classes for training and developing themselves just to stay competitive in this fast growing world. But a significant number of them overlook their own professional image; they need to pay attention to this aspect of professionalism, as it adds to their demeanor and success. The way we dress at workplace has an incredible influence on the way others perceive us. Thus, careful consideration should be paid to the dress code and style as it enhances the business performance strategy. The matter of fact is that significant contributions towards business contentment can be visually seen through dress code. Hence, the paper focuses on examining the impact of dressing on the performance of an employee and also the level of awareness of dress code amongst people, further highlighting the right dress code using a broader range of styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of the composition of board of directors on firm performance using UK FTSE All-Shares non-financial firms for the period before and during the latest global financial crisis. The main hypotheses tested were whether board composition, namely, board size and board independence, has an impact on firm performance, using Tobin's Q (TQ) and Return on Assets (ROA). Univariate and multivariate (including 2SLS regression) were carried out to test these hypotheses. The results suggested a high positive association between board size and TQ, and insignificant association between board size and ROA, while some evidence was found for the impact of an independent board on firm performance. The results also found a negative association between blockholdings and performance during the financial crisis in 2008, whilst an insignificant relationship was observed before 2008. The paper contributes to prior research by providing year by year analysis to the relationship between board composition and performance prior to and during the financial crisis and considering the impact of large shareholders (in particular institutional shareholders) on mitigating agency costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of literature on developments in entrepreneurship theory and emergence of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) construct. It also explores and presents the literature on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance. Three models-the construct model, the EO-Strategy model and the performance model-were identified as the lines of research on EO. The paper reviews a range of publications describing the methodology, findings and alternative approaches to study the performance model. It suggests that a strong entrepreneurial orientation results in high business performance. EO is a multidimensional construct operationalized in terms of variables 'innovativeness', 'risk-taking', 'proactiveness', 'autonomy' and 'competitive aggressiveness'. A combination of subjective and objective measures of performance should be used for accurate measurement of performance. Various organizational and environmental elements should be introduced as moderating and mediating variables while studying the relationship of EO with performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether insurance business helps in improving the efficiency of the banking sector. The previous literature had shown contradictory results regarding the impact of diversification on banks' performance. On the one hand, past studies argued that banks engaging in a variety of insurance selling activities can benefit from economies of scope, ultimately improving both their performance and market value. On the other hand, diversification could lead to the escalation of agency problems existing between corporate insiders and small shareholders, which would ultimately destroy the value of the firm within the market. This study examined the impact of bancassurance on the efficiency of public sector banks and private sector banks in India for the period 2011-2017. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure the impact of bancassurance on all public sector and private sector banks in India. The results revealed that bancassurance made an impact on the efficiency of the banking sector. An average deviation of 7.28% has been observed between the overall technical efficiency scores without bancassurance income and with bancassurance income. The observed difference supports the positive impact of bancassurance on technical efficiency of the Indian banking sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pre-money valuation of startups, as their performance indicator, is critical in entrepreneurial financing, which in turn is significantly shaped by the firm's internal resources. This paper analyzes an integrated theoretical framework to examine whether the valuation of startups can be explained by strategic and firm-level factors identified by Barney's (1991) Resource-Based Theory (RBT) as critical to firm performance. Empirical results from the analyses of 142 German startups support the theory that investors consider important factors to startups' performance in their valuation. Implications of the study involve further research on the impact of social and financial capital within human and physical resources and establishes different determinants important to raise different types of funds--venture capital, angel, seed, and grant-in tech and non-tech startups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workforce education forms one of the core aspects of organizational learning which aims for performance as well as efficiency. Learning is goal-oriented in business organizations. Organizations' activities are highly-oriented towards customer satisfaction. Organizations learn from practice and delivery of services to meet consumer needs and necessities. Perfection, efficiency and smart practices define today's multinational organizational culture. But how do the multinational organizations achieve such perfections in their business operations? This paper addresses this issue by linking teleological aspects of learning and practice to performance, adoption of routines, and learning-induced adaptation in order to explain how they achieve "perfection" in practice and operations. Further, the paper attempts to study a particular aspect of organizational (teleological perfectionism) process by modeling scenarios which define goaloriented organizational learning and adaptation, and underpins how such teleological processes effectively benefit organizations in the long run. Conclusions drawn up from an example being modeled in this paper suggest that teleology, or teleological dynamics play significant role in shaping today's organizations and help explain some (or high) degree of perfectionism in their operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the light of the growing importance of Corporate Governance (CG) in academic and industrial research, the present paper aims to answer the question: Does corporate governance impact Firm Performance and Firm Risk? Multivariate regression analysis was conducted on three models to answer the question, with firm performance and firm risk being the dependent variables. Different CG mechanisms (Board Composition, Board Size, Frequency of Meetings and Audit Committee) were considered as independent variables. The results of the regression analysis postulate that board composition, frequency of meetings and audit committee significantly impact the firm performance i.e., Return on Assets (ROA) and Profit Margin (PM). Board composition was also found to have a significant impact on firm risk where we used Beta as a proxy measure. Overall, the objective of the study was met, as all the three models showcase significant results. The present study provides important insights into fair CG practice, with scope for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of promotion of financial inclusion in India, Payments Banks (PBs) have a key role to play as they accept small deposits from the poor and offer them low value remittance services. The unique feature of PBs is the size of remittances performed through technology platform being too large and value of each transaction being too small. Consequently, risk in remittance services is high and increasing. Therefore, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed regulatory compliance norms on the part of PBs, which include minimum capital, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), deployment of deposits in government securities, Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and best management practices. These are expected to ensure the financial soundness of PBs, strengthen safety in remittance services and protect the interests of small customers at large. Though the number of PBs is just six at present, considering the emerging business potential, a few more PBs are expected to come up. But from the study of financial analysis of PBs, it is observed that they face numerous issues which need to be addressed. Towards this end, the paper offers suggestions, besides discussing the origin, regulatory aspects, activity profile and performance review of PBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge and Knowledge Management (KM) practices have been recognized as valuable means for tapping collective intelligence and skills of employees to create greater organization knowledge. Further, promoting conducive work culture improves productivity and enhances performance. Researches, both industrial and academic, have been undertaken to explore KM concepts, frameworks, technologies, applications, knowledge-based work culture, etc. This paper explores the development of KM through review and categorization of research papers published during the past 15 years into seven broad categories. The categories have been chosen to track the development in the field of KM from basic, foundational research to integrated research with the areas of Organization Culture (OC) and Organization Performance (OP). The objective of the researcher is to identify and define significant gap in the existing literature and suggest a direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the various approaches used in a number of empirical studies for measuring Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) to find out measurement challenges. This study also investigates alternative strategic approaches for measuring CSR and CFP. In this study, various empirical research papers are intensively reviewed to investigate which measurement approach is appropriate to incorporate in future research. It was found that CSR is being strategically utilized in many ways such as unidimensional to multidimensional in the empirical literature. Besides, multidimensional CSR measurement approaches, employed in different forms like reputation indices, questionnaire-based survey, content analysis and unidimensional approach have been used in various studies. Accountingbased variables and market-based variables have been utilized for measuring firm performance. The findings also show that no CSR measurement approach is without limitations. In addition, most of the approaches face two problems, namely, researcher's subjectivity and biasness in selection, which may affect the nature of CSR-CFP relationship results. This study suggests that potential measures should be taken up to overcome these limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and performance of the organization in listed Indian hospitality firms using the corporate governance index. The corporate governance annual reports and financial reports of 236 organizations on the basis of random sampling method are selected from Center for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) database. The study uses Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of corporate governance index of the selected listed companies. The results of the study establish a significant relationship between corporate governance index and financial performance of the selected firms. The corporate governance index, viz., Board Size (BS), Board Duality (BD), Women Director on Board (WD), Independent Director (ID), Non-Independent Director (NID), Executive Director (ED), Non-Executive Director (NED), Total Committee (Tc), and Number of Independent Directors in Total Committee (NoIDTc) played a significant role in the organizational performance of hospitality firms. The results of the study recommend compliance of corporate governance norms by the firms for achieving better financial results. The mandatory corporate governance compliance as per Clause 49 of 2013 Act ensures better governance of firms and can ensure transparency, professionalism, merit and objectivity in the functioning. Good governance ensures better financial results for the firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaders are the role models who influence the values, system, culture and action of the people working in an organization. The leadership style affects the productivity and outcome of teams in an organization. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the leadership styles practiced in IT sector and their effect on team performance. This paper analyzes transformational leadership style as an important predictor of team performance. The data was collected from 262 employees working in IT sector in Pune. The results reveal that transformational leaders make employees work in a more creative way which makes the environment creative (i.e., report more growth opportunities and leader support). This creative workplace, thus, encourages work involvement and team performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is often seen that though organizations expend enormous resources into change initiatives, these seldom yield the desired returns. As succinctly put by Schaffer and Thompson (1992), "Most improvement efforts have as much impact on company performance as a rain dance has on the weather!" The most critical ingredient in any change effort is leadership, and managing change is fundamentally a people issue. Several leaders failed because they attempted to create change through intellect alone, without moving people emotionally (Goleman et al., 2002). This paper explores how a leader can overlay the four fundamental principles of transformational leadership as defined by Bass (1985), to the four stages of an individual's experience during change as postulated by Janssen's 'Four-Room Apartment' Model of Change. The paper discusses these stages in terms of the challenges that individuals face to their values and identity (Ethos), to their intellect (Logos) and their emotions (Pathos), and puts forward a suggested road map of behaviors and ideals that leaders must demonstrate to address each of these in order to bring about a successful change. A transformational style of leadership that is empathetic to the dynamic human mind must connect to the individual at a very personal and emotional level, appealing not only to his intellect, but also his emotions at the psychological level to initiate and sustain successful change in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategy-making process has traditionally been and perceived as exclusive and limited to a small group of mostly homogeneous decision makers who communicate and interact with each other on a regular basis (Hautz, 2017). However, with the advancement of the knowledge economy, the strategy-making process has opened up, giving knowledge workers throughout the organization an opportunity to impact the process (Smith et al., 2018). Thus, in addition to having technical knowhow and expertise, the ability to positively influence the decisions of a rational person who has a different perspective or stake in outcomes is valuable in a collaborative decision-making process. This paper suggests that the strategy-making process is shaped through learning conversations and information exchanges among knowledge workers. Specifically, a multilayered model with five stages evolving from critical thinking to critical voicing to help knowledge workers influence organizational outcomes and performance is presented. Real-life examples drawn from the authors' working experiences in industry are illuminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the countries where a large proportion of businesses are family-owned. These family firms are much respected as they immensely contribute to the economic and societal growth of the country. This paper provides a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between corporate governance structure and firm performance in Indian family firms. The hypotheses are empirically tested on a firm level panel data of 948 business groups in India which was collected from Prowess Database of Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy (CMIE), which contains data on all the Indian listed companies. This study will help to design special policy measures for companies which are managed by the family. The study indicates significant effects of different corporate governance characteristics on the firm performance and concludes that corporate governance is important for appropriate synchronization between the business and family and to become adaptive so as to take positive changes. The results provide a foundation on which we can build future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the effect of capital structure on the organizational performance of listed Ghana Club 100 companies on the Ghana Stock Exchange during a 10-year period from 2007 to 2016. The study focuses on Ghana Club 100 companies because these companies are touted as the role model for their peers. The Ghana Club 100 companies are the top 100 companies in Ghana that are ranked annually in order of excellent performance by the Ghana Investment Promotion Center. The three key ranking criteria used by the GIPC are size, profitability and growth. The study employs a Fixed Effect Panel Regression Model to test these variables in the light of capital structure adequacy and performance. The results showed a negative relationship between capital structure and organizational performance. Specifically, the different measures of debt to total capital reduce firms' performance. The study is robust to the use of different measures of capital structure. The study proposes that the high gearing levels among GC 100 firms are not profit enhancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of knowledge management practices can be done in terms of organizational performance using structural equation modeling. Knowledge management is used as a powerful strategic tool to enhance organizational performance. This paper analyzes the effect of knowledge management on organizational performance through knowledge management enabling conditions (management commitment, leadership and organizational culture) and knowledge management practices (knowledge capture, creation, organizing/storing, and transfer) in the context of leather manufacturing companies. The study was conducted in the leather manufacturing companies of Ranipet, Vellore, in 2019 where most of the workers are semi/unskilled illiterates. The data was therefore collected from a sample of 101 executives and associates with the help of a questionnaire consisting of 34 variables. Data was analyzed using the SPSS and SMART PLS tools used for framing a research model. The findings of the study allow to implement a structured knowledge management practice in the leather companies as it has quite an impact on organizational performance, which leads to profitability and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sales and marketing integration has a direct and significant impact on customers and the revenue-earning potential of the organization. This research demonstrates the benefits of a close integration between sales and marketing and emphasizes its impact on the organization performance. Sales and marketing integration is a complex and multifaceted construct and hence requires a strategic approach for its evaluation. This study aims to understand how to achieve sales and marketing integration by focusing on its facilitators and controlling distractors. The contribution of this paper is both theoretical and practical. From a theoretical perspective, the frameworks developed for the study of sales and marketing integration are an important contribution to the existing knowledge. From a practical perspective, various models of this paper aim at providing guidelines for sales and marketing managers for building competitive advantage by achieving sales and marketing integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to examine the relationship between the CEO duality (one person serving the role of both chairman of the board and CEO) and firm performance. Existing literature on CEO duality is based on two theories of corporate governance. While agency theory suggests that CEO duality negatively affects performance, stewardship theory favors CEO duality and argues that it positively impacts the firm performance. The present paper adds to the existing literature by employing panel data of 145 non-financial companies listed on National Stock Exchange of India for a period of five years, i.e., 2008-2012. Firm performance has been measured using Tobin's Q as a market-based measure, and Return on Equity (ROE) as accountingbased measure. Panel data is analyzed using fixed effect within and Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) model, random effect model and Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) model. The paper concludes that when Tobin's Q is used as performance measure, the presence of CEO duality has a negative impact on firm performance. In case of ROE, the relationship is negative with fixed effect model and significantly negative with FGLS model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human resources domain is witnessing a transformative period with the inclusion of data analytics in the management of manpower. It offers numerous advantages, particularly in acquisition and retention of key talent in an organization. However, it is not without its share of challenges which are restricting companies, particularly in India, from harnessing its full potential in talent management. The current study examines the advantages of strategic management of the talent acquisition and retention processes, while employing data analytics to ensure better organizational performances in India. It further presents the challenges in the usage of data analytics, with the development of strategy and approaches for better implementation of the talent techniques in SMEs in general. It thus sheds light on the current adoption level of the technique in India and examines its reach. The paper aims to address the gap in literature on the importance of data analytics in SMEs of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the relationship among effective time management, individual performance and organizational performance and the mediating effect of individual performance in the relationship between effective time management and organizational performance. In order to achieve the study objectives, primary data was collected from 120 managerial level employees in select financial institutions operating in Trincomalee district of Sri Lanka. The simple mediation analysis was used to test the research model. The findings of the study reveal that positive and significant relationship exists among the study variables. Moreover, the study indicated that individual performance of employee mediates the relationship between effective time management and organizational performance. The current study is considered to be vital in understanding the empirical knowledge regarding the relationship among effective time management, individual performance and organizational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the evolution of quality in the field of production and operations in the manufacturing industry, especially the trajectory of growth from an abstract idea to a fully-developed action plan. Through the diachronic approach that examines the four industrial revolutions, it establishes the evolution of quality from 'inspection' to 'assurance'. After the Indian market was thrown open in 1991, the Indian industry evolved in order to keep in step with global competitors. Since then, operations management teams have studied and adopted various methodologies to improve the quality of their products. The industry has been working towards winning prestigious quality awards which can bear testimony to the quality standards they follow. The Deming prize is one such award, which certifies that the systems being followed by the organization can sustain and improve the quality of the product. The study follows the Deming guidelines in order to understand the process which industries maintain to win this award. The author has studied three Deming award-winning organizations to understand the basic conditions to be fulfilled before vying for the Deming. This study will help managers and engineers identify gaps in the quality systems they follow. The implications drawn by the author are directed towards any organization interested in achieving process and product quality across the board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for innovation and cross-dependencies among the departments is forcing organizations to restructure from divisional to functional organizational structure. This paper presents one such case wherein Microsoft and Sony carried out restructuring efforts to move towards a functional organizational structure when they faced cutthroat competition from other technology majors such as Google and Apple. Both Sony and Microsoft brought in major changes to their organizational design, engineering a greater collaboration among technologies and creating an organizational culture that is deeply embedded in collaboration, creativity, and innovation. The paper uses several financial, organizational, and other matrices to illustrate how organizations embracing creativity outperform their peers and competitors on key business performance indicators, such as revenue growth, market share, and talent acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the organizational level, achieving goals and objectives for profit maximization has been a common approach. We very often discuss issues like inefficiency in planning or lack of proper personnel management, which result in major setbacks for an organization. This paper seeks to find solutions to such issues. In this regard, the paper proposes a new concept called 'Impact Index'. It further, elaborates on the concept of impact index and discusses the factors that positively or negatively affect it. The paper puts forth this theory aimed at effective results, be it at an organizational level or individual level, with an effort to elaborate as to why organizations need to start implementing this theory and the vast benefits it gives. The paper also discusses how an organization can assign work and recruit new talent using the impact index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee engagement is an emerging approach for organizational success as well as holding talented employees. Engagement contributes extensively to an organization's performance, leading to improvement in profitability, customer satisfaction and long-term financial results. It also helps the employees to make a noteworthy contribution to their organization. Lack of consensus among the academicians, research scholars and management consultants on the definition of engagement has created an academic and research gap. A majority of reviewed conceptualizations shared a multidimensional nature of employee engagement. This paper is based on quantitative content analysis of employee engagement. The purpose of the study is to determine the frequency of different dimensions employed to define engagement. The results illustrate that psychological investment and workrole performances are the most counted dimensions to measure employee engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of sustainable and responsible investment strategies has significantly risen due to the increasing cognizance concerning environmental stability and socioeconomic development of countries. Responsible investment strategies take Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) aspects into investment consideration to enhance risk management and generate sustainable yields for investors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of ESG factors on the performance of Indian public limited companies in terms of profitability and the value of the firm through multiple measures of return on asset and Tobin's Q ratio. The authors used annual ESG data of 65 Indian firms listed on the NSE 100 ESG Index database, covering the period from 2015 to 2017. Random effect panel data regression analysis was used to test the influence of ESG factors on the economic performance of the firms. The findings of the study indicate that good corporate ESG performance enhances financial performance evaluated through accounting as well as marketbased measures. The findings have practical implications for corporates, investors, regulators, as well as policymakers. The study highlights the need for adoption of sustainability reporting, including disclosure of ESG scores. This would go a long way in improving sustainable business practices and long-term viability of the shareholders' wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial orientation is, in many instances, mentioned as an imperative ingredient of growth, competitive advantage and superior performance. This paper investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka. A questionnaire measuring entrepreneurial orientation and business performance was distributed among the owners/managers of SMEs of Kurunegala district in Sri Lanka. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of SMEs. Thus, it is inferred that entrepreneurial orientation is very important for the survival of SMEs in Kurunegala district in Sri Lanka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]