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Application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in medicine is a perspective and rapidly increasing research topic. Besides direct treatment of living tissue or cells with CAP source, antibacterial properties of plasma-treated liquids gain significant interest. The secondary aqueous-phase chemical reactions induced by plasma-supplied reactive species play very important role in this case and the post-discharge activity can last in these liquids for significant period of time after the solution’s exposure to the plasma. Various transient reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as OH•, O 2 •- , NO• and NO 2 • radicals, peroxynitrite may be produced in plasma-treated liquids through post-discharge processes. These species have highly cytotoxic properties and cause biochemical and antibacterial activity of plasma-treated solutions. Nevertheless, varying the nature and composition of the working gas and the chemical content of the liquid phase, complexity of the post-discharge chemistry in plasma-treated liquids is increasing. In order to understand biological effects of CAP, studies with biomolecules like proteins, sugars, amino acids are highly important.

It is of great interest to determine the relation between biophysical and condensed matter systems, because this biomimetical approach provides new frontiers for further microelectronic circuits integrations. Molecular and submolecular particles are identical in living and nonliving organisms, which implies the possibility of considering these particles motion as the biunivocal phenomenon. Brownian motion and its fractal nature, as a general phenomenon existing within both systems, is an integrative property based on which we can establish the relation between these two systems. We used some experimental data, based on the bacterial motion experiments, regarding influence of different energy impulses on bacterial trajectories. The goal of this research is to introduce the asymptotic approaching of biophysical and condensed matter systems, based on Brownian motion fractal nature similarities, presented in mathematical analytical forms.

The dependence of calculated absorption profiles on the nanoinclusions shells characteristics allow proposing the optical control method the presence of biomolecules and their concentration in the tested bioliquid which in tiny volume being added to the prepared (in a controlled way) colloidal solution. Nanoparticles, consisting of a metallic core with dielectric nanoshells, make it possible to vary the optical resonances of such nanoparticles by varying the relative dimensions of the core and shells. For example, a monomolecular layer of a specific receptor can be attached to gold surface by a biochemical method, which is capable of selective binding with certain organic molecules (analyte) by the key-lock interactions (or the antigen-antibody interaction). Due to the subsequent binding of analyte molecules, an additional layer of biological coating will be formed. The presence of this layer changes the conditions of plasmon-polariton resonance, which will be manifested in the frequency shift of this resonance in the absorption spectra.

Radiation at terahertz frequencies can be used to analyze the structural dynamics of water and biomolecules, but applying the technique to aqueous solutions and tissues remains challenging because such radiation is strongly absorbed by water. Here we develop terahertz optoacoustics as a method for analyzing water, tissues and aqueous solutions even in thick samples. We demonstrate that adjusting the temperature to alter the terahertz optoacoustic signal of water improves the sensitivity with which it can be analyzed and, conversely, can reduce or even "silence" its signal, allowing detection of solutes such as glucose and ions, potentially with greater sensitivity than terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Terahertz optoacoustics may be a powerful tool for spectroscopy and potentially imaging of aqueous solutions and tissues to study molecular interactions and biochemical processes.

The vibrational and rotational energy levels of many biological macromolecules are in the terahertz band. Therefore, terahertz technology plays an important role in the field of biochemistry. However, due to the strong absorption of THz wave by hydrogen bonds in water, many research groups combine terahertz spectroscopy and microfluidic technology to reduce the influence of hydrogen bonding on biomolecules. We fabricated THz microfluidic chips with COC with high THz transmittance to reduce the interaction distance between THz wave and aqueous solution. Finally, the terahertz transmission characteristics of five different potassium salt solutions were studied by using the chip.

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a powerful tool for probing collective molecular vibrational modes of biomolecules. In this study, we used THz-TDS to investigate the low-energy vibrational modes of a group of organic molecules belonging to saccharides (or carbohydrate) in their solid state. Ab-initio simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) were carried out by employing a state-of-the-art method for the calculation of the weak intermolecular forces driving the collective motion of organic molecules. This approach allowed us to identify and analyze the low-energy vibrations finding their percentage contributions of intermolecular and intramolecular motion of the optical phonons.

Field effect-based biosensors (BioFETs) stand out among other biosensing technologies due to their unique features such as real time screening, ultrasensitive detection, low cost, and amenability to extreme device miniaturization due to the convenient utilization of nanoscale materials. Nanodevices pave the way for the detection of tiny biomolecules and minute concentrations of analytes as they are ultrasensitive to surface charge modulation, allowing for better point-of-care screening of various life-threatening infectious diseases. Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (sc-CNTs) are exceptionally promising for FET-channel integration to replace bulky silicon technology beyond the dimensions of the short channel effects for their 1D ultrathin structure, superior electronic features, and biocompatibility. However, performance of CNTFET biosensors is influenced by the inhomogeneous interface between sc-CNTs and metallic source and drain electrodes. This article reviews recent studies on CNTFET biosensors, morphology of these devices and the cause-and-effect of the interface issues between sc-CNTs and metallic electrodes. Finally, future outlook on suggested technology to improve the performance of such CNTFET devices is presented.

This study presents novel optical sensors by utilizing bacterial cellulose (BC) as a nano-based platform. The myriads of BC features such as optical transparency, mechanical strength, nanofibers structure, flexibility, and abundant functional groups, make this natural biopolymer a perfect substrate to create a new generation of optical biosensors. Importantly, the coupling of BC with advantageous nanomaterials (e.g., plasmonic nanoparticles and biomolecule) leads to the emergence of multifunctional nanocomposites. On the other hand, BCs embedded with plasmonic nanoparticles (such as Ag and Au), named a plasmonic nanopaper, benefit the outstanding characteristics of both. Hence, the resulted BC impregnated with AgNP or AuNP revealed a plasmonic peak at 470 and 530 nm through the UV-vis absorbance spectra, respectively.

Integration of nanomaterials with biotechnology requires the development of optimized coating strategies that provide extended colloidal stability and compact size, while allowing controllable surface coupling of the nanocrystals to target biomolecules [1] , [2] . Here, we detail the design and optimization of a set of multicoordinating ligands that combine the benefits of mixed coordination (thiol and imidazole) with molecular-scale zwitterion motifs, yielding sterically stabilized and compact nanocrystals ( Fig. 1 ) [3] – [5] . These QDs present a controllable number of azide groups for easy conjugation to biomolecules via click chemistry. The polymer coating is characterized using several complementary analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, to extract estimates of the hydrodynamic size and the surface ligand density. Conjugating the resulting QDs to antitropomyosin receptor kinase B antibody (α-TrkB), or to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has allowed successful labeling of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in pyramidal neurons within cortical tissue. It has also allowed visual monitoring of BDNF-induced activation of TrkB signaling in live neuronal cells ( Fig. 1 ) [4] .

Graphene displays outstanding properties with its mid-infrared plasmons, such as extreme light compression and unique optical tunability via graphene doping. This leads to powerful molecular detection with improved sensitivity by having minute molecule amounts within the confined plasmon volume (typically, 10-15 nm field decay length from graphene surface [1] ) of nanostructured graphene. In recent years, graphene plasmonics has been successfully demonstrated to probe biomolecules, e.g. incubated proteins [2] . In contrast, efficient gas detection is hampered due to vastly dispersed nature of gas molecules with almost negligible contact with graphene surface. In our work, we present a novel plasmon-based gas sensing scheme by employing a gas-adsorbing polymer that is deposited atop graphene nanostructures [3] .

Highly sensitive, broadband mid-IR metasurfaces for spectroscopy are augmented with artificial intelligence to allow the label-free and chemically-specific monitoring of biomolecules from all major classes. This pioneering bioanalytical technology offers unprecedented opportunities for unravelling complex biomolecular processes.

The study on biosensors is recent ubiquitous research in biomedical diagnosis and employed in wide range of applications as detection of disease-causing biomolecules, point-of-care monitoring of treatment, marker indicator testing, environmental monitoring, drug discovery, forensics and biomedical research etc. The biosensor devices convert biomolecule recognized events to detectable signals. A wide range of techniques can be used for the development of biosensors. This paper initially provides the investigation for biosensing of biomolecules by analyzing and summarizing remarkable studies on heterostructure MOS devices which can capture biomolecules in the designated device regions. A dual-gate MOS device having cavity regions which can trap the biomolecules has been proposed and simulated to study electrical characteristics and threshold variation. The device can sense and detect the presence of biomolecules of dimensions up to 500nmx60nm. The proposed device can be further calibrated for several device and design parameters. Accordingly, the simulated results would be analyzed to report trade-off and other significant features to develop noble heterostructure MOS devices for biosensing.

The research and use of FET for biomedical application has increased and found its usage as a biosensor for the detection of biomolecules. Detecting various diseases like pathogens, cancer, viral diseases has been difficult and time taking. Using FET as a biosensor for identifying different biomolecules has been a less costly and time-saving process and can also be used in detecting diseases at an early stage. Mass production of FET's is very cheap as compared to the different other devices like nano-mechanic, piezoelectric, optical etc. which are very expensive. In this paper, different device structures are shown that are used as a biosensor to detect biomolecules of different dielectric constant.

Cellular transfection is a method by which exogenous biomolecules can be introduced into the cells. In the fields of molecular and cellular biology, cellular transfection is considered an essential tool, specifically for applications such as drug delivery, cellular therapy, and biomedical imaging. Photoporation based cellular transfection approach uses high-intensity light energy to create membrane pores, sometimes nanoparticles are incorporated to achieve the result at low intensity. In this work, hybrid nanoparticles, composed of gold and polystyrene are used to mediate the photoporation. Laser fluence, exposure time, wavelength, the concentration of nanoparticles, and concentration of exogenous molecules are optimized for the successful delivery of propidium iodide dye, quantum dots, and plasmid into CL1-0, AGS, and P-19 cells. The best results (delivery efficiency of 92% and cell viability of 98%) are achieved in delivering propidium iodide dye into CL1-0 cells.

In this paper, for the first time, a vertically stacked silicon nanosheet-FET (VS-NS-FET) based biosensor is proposed and studied by 3D TCAD simulations. Furthermore, a comparative sensitivity analysis with conventional nanowire (NW-FET) biosensor and vertically stacked nanowire (VS-NW-FET) biosensor is performed to evaluate the performance of the device. The results indicate that the variation of the VS-NS-FET biosensor in transfer characteristics for different target biomolecules (with different dielectric constants (at p = 0) and charge densities (at k = 5)) is pronounced. Moreover, the proposed VS-NS-FET biosensor is more sensitive than the other two biosensors due to the increase of the channel width and the stacked structure. This biosensor is a promising candidate for future CMOS-based sensor applications.

Methods for the synthesis of biocompatible and highly luminescent quantum dots are presented. Desirable spectral characteristics of quantum dots were achieved by fine tuning of reaction parameters. To obtain nanoconstructions quantum dots were functionalized with a number of biomolecules, synthesized materials were tested in vitro. Obtained results could be useful both in basic and applied research in which bioimaging methods are used.

Graphene-based shungite carbon nanoparticles interaction with serum albumin has been studied in aqueous dispersion regarding structural-dynamic, thermodynamic, and hydrodynamic effects.

In this paper, the role of the shape of gold nanoparticles in improving the efficiency of sensing of biomolecules using Radio Frequency (RF) has been studied. The analysis has been performed with the help of an Interdigitated Capacitor (IDC) based structure using the CAD tool, High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The frequency response and E-Field distribution of various shapes of gold nanoparticles have been analysed. The results indicate that the detection efficiency of RF sensing of biomolecules improves significantly in the presence of gold nanoparticles. The shape, as well as the position of biomolecules around the gold nanoparticles, affects the efficiency of detection. These results open up new avenues for developing highly efficient nanoparticle-Radiofrequency-based sensors.

In the biological and medical science, detection of biomolecule at very low concentration (

Thin reactive polymer surfaces are attractive in the field of bio applications, in particular, when they have the ability to bind biomolecules while providing a great level of stability in aqueous environment. Plasma polymerization techniques enable a fast and eco-friendly procedure for the preparation of thin functional polymer films. In this paper we report on the generation of highly functional oxygen-rich plasma-polymerized (pp) coatings with great level of stability in water. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor was successfully developed by using a plasma polymer film as a matrix layer for antibody immobilization. The developed QCM biosensor presented a stable baseline during the measurements and exhibited selective and high response to the analyte.

We achieve the ultrasensitive chiral detection of metabolites at picomolar level. The ultra-high sensitivity is enabled by microbubble-assisted accumulation of chiral molecules at the electromagnetic hot-spots of plasmonic chiral metamaterials, which could potentially provide first-line screening to identify diabetes case.

Owing to their peculiar properties nanoparticles of cerium oxide have gained tremendous attention in recent years. As such, bacteria, fungus and algae are used for the development of CeO 2 NPs through the use of both intracellular and extracellular microbial or enzyme cells, proteins and other biomolecule compounds. In this paper we use Sargassum wightii Greville, a biological extract, to synthesize cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles. Algal-biogenic metal oxide synthesis nanoparticles is a safe and economical procedure due to the formation of compact, small nanoparticles. A number of advanced devices, such as UV-visible spectrophotometers, XRD, FTIR and SEM spectroscopy have been identified for prepared CeO 2 NPs. Cerium oxide particles were studied for the antioxidant properties and their antioxidant potency was examined using an in vitro system. The antioxidant strength tests for insoluble solids were conducted using an modified DPPH process. DPPH spray increases with particle size decrease.

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are nano biomolecules released by the most type of the plant and animal cells, which have an important role in the cell to cell communications. EVs derived from these cells have tremendous therapeutic applications as these can efficiently deliver cargos to the target cells. In this study, the production and characterization of EVs from sustainable source of green algae is discussed. Their advantage of being cost-effective and production in higher quantity and relatively simple method of extraction could have potential applications as the drug delivery for several diseases such as cancer, neural disorders, inflammation, infectious, allergic diseases, etc. These extracellular vesicles perhaps could be loaded with a therapeutic agent and can be coated with drugs to target specific tissue, organ, or cell. Subsequently, pharmaceutical compositions can be coated to these extracellular vesicles, thereby; they can be used for monitoring, diagnosis and treating purposes.

Microfluidics is a fast-growing field that has expanded into health sciences, agriculture, and others. In these areas, microfluidic devices are often used for the analysis of biological samples. Detection of biological structures as proteins and viruses is possible with microfluidic detectors. Resistive pulse sensing has been largely employed for the detection and counting of cells. In this method, the electric current through a pore is monitored while target elements cause partial and non-permanent obstruction of the pore. In recent years, advanced micro- and nanofabrication technologies have been suggested for the fabrication of nanopore-based resistive pulse sensor (nano-RPS). In this work, a tridimensional numerical model was presented to describe a nano-RPS. The validation of the model resulted in errors below 1%. The electric profile of translocation events was represented with good agreement. Lastly, fabrication defects were investigated, and a combination of open-pore current and translocation profile were suggested to serve as qualifiers for the fabrication of nanopores.

Nano-sphere biosensor is an effective biosensing device used in the applications such as detection of various diseases, safety monitoring of food, diagnosis of cancer. In this work the modeling and analysis of nanosphere biosensor is carried out at a wavelength of 620nm. Finite element method is used for modeling. Light confinement of the biosensor is analyzed along with the analyte concentration and density of transient captured target molecule in analytical method. The SNR of 1.78691 is obtained for 1 × 1011 cm−2 receptor density, the lower value of signal to noise ratio indicates that the device simulated provides good response to the biomolecules under detection.

This work evaluates sensitivity, detection accuracy and quality factor of metamaterial based biosensor using zinc oxide (ZnO). Performance of proposed metamaterial based SPR biosensor is also compared with conventional SPR sensor and proposed SPR biosensor without ZnO. Highest sensitivity of 401.4 Degree/RIU is obtained for proposed SPR biosensor with compromise of detection accuracy and quality factor. Total attenuated reflection (ATR) method has been utilized to plot reflectance curves. Multilayer modeling is used to calculate reflectivity with the help of MATLAB software. Use of ZnO improves the sensitivity of metamaterial based SPR for sensing of biomolecules. Thus use of ZnO in proposed SPR biosensor can detect biomolecules with improved sensitivity.

Flexible and biocompatible wearable sensors for the management of chronic diseases are in demand. The disposable, biocompatible, flexible and lightweight conductive paper-based sensing system was fabricated for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. This biomolecule can biomark the early symptoms of various clinically important diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Wet tissue paper modified with graphene nanoparticles was used for the analysis of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in healthy human and patient biological samples. Here imprinted nanozymes were used as a receptor that promotes selective sensing of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Shape printed nanozyme contains hydroxyl and carboxyl groups which promote the penetration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and its selective adsorption. Graphene and nanozyme both catalyze the selective sensing of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. When 8-OHdG was added the specific interaction of 8-OHdG and nanozyme was examined by current signals. The current signal was linear with 8-OHdG concentration. The fabricated shape printed nanozyme based sensor shows a biological justifiable sensitivity with linear range of 1.0-100.00 μg mL-1 with no matrix effects. The Shape printed nanozyme modified tissue paper could be used as a wearable patch for early monitoring of oxidative stress biomarker by cancer patients itself without any preprocessing plan.

In this abstract, we present GaN microsphere with dandelion flower-like morphology and high crystalline quality, synthesized using the optimized ammonothermal-ammonolysis hybrid method. The GaN micro-spherical flower are further functionalized with APTES for immobilization of biomolecules. Therefore, GaN microsphere has been first ever utilized for BSA protein biosensor. We studied the influence of the ammonolysis temperature on the BSA sensing performance of the GaN based protein biosensors. By varying the band-gap of the material, APTES modified GaN microspheres have demonstrated tunable blue and green fluorescent emission from BSA, which shows promising application for protein detection.

The metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) has become a promising biosensor platform due to its surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) effect. In this paper, we demonstrate a polarization-insensitive MPA for ultra-sensitive detection of trace biomolecules. Here, the sensing of MPA platform depends on the absorption intensity and resonance shift. Among them, the absorption intensity provides molecular vibration information that can be used to identify biomolecular species. Resonance shift can be used to determine the concentration of biomolecules because the binding of molecules will cause a change in the effective refractive index near the optical antenna. These two sensing information enable the MPA platform to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity and high specificity detection of biomolecules.

This paper represents a highly sensitive octagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for refractive index (RI) sensing. Gold is externally coated to support surface plasmons which is chemically stable. The numerical investigations are based on finite element method which show that the maximum wavelength and amplitude sensitivity of the proposed sensor is 28,000 nm/RIU and 1962.63 RIU−1 respectively in x polarization for a wide sensing range from 1.35 to 1.44. Besides, the maximum confinement loss of 0.28617 dB/cm as well as the highest refractive index resolution of 3.57×10−6 RIU in x polarization are gained for this biosensor. This suggested design can acts as a favourable device for detecting any unknown biochemical and biomolecule analytes as it provides high sensitivity, great sensing resolution and low loss.

Computer vision (CV) is used throughout life sciences for tissue and cell imaging; this paper presents the first demonstration of CV as a biomolecular sensor. We present an integrated sensing and fluid-actuation platform that combines CV with bead-based chemistries to perform both biomolecular and cell-based assays. By rapidly detecting the size and shape of objects at 5-50 micron length scales, the CV system can accommodate a variety of assays that traditionally require separate analytical tools and workflows, providing a greater degree of data integration and automation. This paper demonstrates 3 initial use cases: 1) Semi-quantitation of a biomarker (IgG) using a clustering assay; 2) Enumeration of white blood cells expressing CD45 surface markers using functionalized nanoparticles; and 3) Cell viability detection using dyes. All assays are performed using a single CV platform.

This paper describes the preparation process improvement for graphene biosensors, and the organic matter contamination reduction on the graphene surface. It also shows that the graphene biosensors are capable of responding to the saliva through surface protein absorption. These lead to that this graphene biosensor test system can be used to monitor the concentration of the specific biomolecule in real time.

Microstrip antenna is often used in remote sensing imaging and so on. For biomolecules detection, microstrip sensor is expected to achieve higher sensitivity and lower noise. A novel microstrip biosensor is proposed in this paper，which is based on printed nanowires array for ultralow concentration protein detection. The incorporation of nanowires array into microstrip sensor can greatly improve the electric field strength. The prepared nanowires not only have uniform arrangement, good coherence and large area of repeatability, but also have direct biological functional groups, which can stably capture biological molecules. The experimental results show that very low concentration of biological molecules applied on the sensor can cause changes in microwave signals, thus achieving ultra-sensitive detection results.

Research activities on vertical graphene applications is very extensive, special interest being dedicated to the biomedical field with potential use in diagnosis, controlled release of drugs, tissue engineering, imaging and therapy. This paper presents the a method of obtaining vertical graphene using the PECVD method (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) and material characterization for the further development of a device for biological fluids analysis with potential application in identification of biomolecules. Impedance measurements have been made using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for validation of the grown material.

Hydrogen peroxide is an intermediate molecule that can be used to detect numerous other analytes using peroxidase assays. Methods for detection of hydrogen peroxide can be broadly classified into colorimetric or electrochemical. Colorimetric methods require reagents while electrochemical methods require reference electrodes, both of which make sensing complicated. As an alternative, in this paper, we demonstrate a reliable, simple, reagent free solid state chemiresistive sensor for hydrogen peroxide detection. The chemiresistor is composed of a drop casted carbon nanotube film with two parallel carbon ink contact electrodes. Carbon nanotube electrode is functionalized with phenyl capped aniline tetramer (PCAT). This sensor was able to sense over a wide range of concentrations from 3ppm to 1200 ppm. Further, we also demonstrate that this sensor can be employed in a peroxidase assay to detect biomolecules such as glucose by adding the appropriate enzyme.

Biomolecules play an active role in tissue regeneration. It is suggested that these biomolecules can be more efficient once the delivery is provided locally in the meant of with the local drug delivery systems. In the literature, the use of silicon dioxide gel matrix as a drug delivery system for different therapeutic agents are presented. The aim of this study is to prepare a silica gel drug delivery system that can be used as a bioactive molecule delivery system and to investigate the release profile of biomolecules by considering the biocompatibility of silica gel matrices and their positive effects on tissue regeneration. The methods intended to be followed to accomplish the stated objectives are to produce biocompatible silicon dioxide gel matrix by sol-gel method and to characterize the resulting silica gel matrices by testing both chemical content and physical properties and injectability. The release profile of BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) protein from silica matrices as biomolecules is determined from optimized silica gel matrices. In this study, it was found that silica gel matrices are capable of delivering effective biomolecules and providing a sustained drug release profile.

We developed terahertz time-domain sensing and imaging platforms for highly sensitive and selective molecule detection in very low concentration. Highly sensitive sensing performance was obtained by various designs of nanoscale metal resonators and their lateral pattern array. Small quantity of target biomolecules was detectably assisted by resonance behavior and huge terahertz field enhancement at the near-field regime. Further studies with large area metamaterial sensing chips represented great promise as a two-dimensional imaging sensor with high contrast and efficient discrimination.

CMOS technology and its Moore’s Law scaling is an enormously successful technology paradigm that has continued to transform our computation and communication abilities. Outside the applications in computation and communication, CMOS technology has been increasingly applied to the life sciences, with a wealth of silicon integrated circuits developed to interface with biological molecules and cells. Concretely, large-scale arrays of active electrodes are integrated using CMOS technology for highly parallel electronic detection of biomolecular/ionic charges and cellular potentials for DNA sequencing, molecular diagnostics, and electrophysiology. Parallelism enabled by CMOS scalability is well suited to process the big data in these biotechnological applications. Here we offer a brief review on these CMOS-bio interfaces, while the corresponding presentation will focus on a sub-topic of CMOS electrophysiology with mammalian neurons.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool to visualize biological molecules at nm resolution in liquid conditions and thus has been applied to a wide variety of biological molecules. One of the most coveted functions of AFM is “fast recording” because it should allow us to directly visualize dynamic processes of biological molecules at work. We have been challenging to break this limitation over 15 years and established fast imaging of dynamic molecular processes. The most advanced high-speed AFM can now capture successive images at 30–60 ms/frame. Further, the interaction force between the tip and the sample, which significantly influences on soft biological molecules, is greatly reduced without deterioration of the scanning performance. In this short paper, typical applications of HS-AFM on biological and artificial molecules will be demonstrated.

The Coulter counter is expected to detect the size of particles in ionic solutions by measuring resistive pulses when they are passing through nanopores. The magnitude of resistive pulse is used to infer the size of a particle. Nevertheless, there is currently no remarkable method to characterize the size of charged biomolecules or nanoparticles with low-cost and high-throughput. Here we demonstrated the sensing capability of solid-state nanopores for size characterization of single nanoparticles by observing the ionic current blockades during their electrophoretic translocation through nanopores. By using nanopores that are a bit larger than the particles, size characterization of silver nanoparticles with different diameters were successfully realized due to conductance change caused by their physical occupying. Resistive pulse sensing with nanopores here will allow people to measure the dimension of single nanoparticles or proteins in real time in the near future. It is significant for its potential applications of investigation of structural biology and proteomics.

In this paper, we demonstrate numerical sketching of high-performance graphene implicated Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for biomedical inflictions especially the recognition of DNA Hybridization. This SPR biosensor can be recognized adsorption of DNA biomolecules into the sensing medium, which is usage Attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique to find out the refractive index (RI) varied due to the adsorption of different concentration of DNA biomolecules. By determining the right shift of SPR angle and variation of minimum reflectance (Rmin) distinguishes between hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) technique is used for comprising between hybridization and SNP events by Lumerical FDTD Software.

This work is part of a study focused on surface enhanced Raman scattering of biomolecules using magnetic-plasmonic nanostructured substrates. The substrates are nanostructured Fe 3 O 4 coated with Au and Ag, respectively. Fe 3 O 4 has an inverse spinel structure and a magnetic moment of 4.1µ B /f.u, a Curie temperature T C = 850 K and is a conductive oxide at room temperature. The Fe 3 O 4 nanocompound was prepared via green synthesis. Gold/silver nanocoatings were deposited by drop-cast from cyanide free solutions. The effect of the spin-plasmonic structures on the SERS effect is investigated through label free SERS measurements on traces of body fluids and submicron fragments of animal tissue. The enhancement factor is compared with that resulted from SERS experiments on twin samples deposited on Au and Ag nanostructured surfaces. We foresee applications in histopathology and forensics.

In this paper, a cost effective and highly sensitive instrument has been designed for a precision optical biosensing technique called Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS). Chitosan grating film on glass substrate (CGGS) has been fabricated as our sensor platform, using soft lithography. Finally the performance of the instrument has been tested using these sensors in the presence of water and different concentration of glucose solution. The instrument show good response and high sensitivity in the range of biosensing application.