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Lozano, Manuel, Yousefi, Paul, Broberg, Karin, Soler-Blasco, Raquel, Miyashita, Chihiro, Pesce, Giancarlo, Kim, Woo Jin, Rahman, Mohammad, Bakulski, Kelly, Haug, Line, Ikeda-Araki, Atsuko, Huel, Guy, Park, Jaehyun, Relton, Caroline, Vrijheid, Martine, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl, Oken, Emily, Dou, John, Kishi, Reiko, Gutzkow, Kristine, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Won, Sungho, Hivert, Marie-France, Fallin, M. Daniele, Vafeiadi, Marina, Ballester, Ferran, Bustamante, Mariona, Llop, Sabrina, Universitat de València (UV), University of Bristol [Bristol], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Lund University [Lund], Hokkaido Information University, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Kangwon National University, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), 1999SGR 00241, 15/0025, 17/00260, 20/0006, FIS-FEDER PI16/1288, FIS-FEDER PI19/1338, FIS-FEDER-PI03–1615, FIS-FEDER-PI06/0867, FIS-PI04/1436, FIS-PI08/1151, FIS-PI11/00610, MC_UU_00011/5, National Institutes of Health, NIH: R37 HD034568, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK: R01 DK10324, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS: 06A1, 1 UO1 NS 047537–01, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS: N01-ES-75558, Z01-ES-49019, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED: JPMH18950314, JPMH19188595, Wellcome Trust, WT: 102215/2/13/2, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 874583, Medical Research Council, MRC: MC_UU_12013_1, MC_UU_12013_2, MC_UU_12013_5, MC_UU_12013_8, WT088806, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, BBSRC: BB/I025263/1, BB/I025751/1, European Commission, EC: 261357, European Research Council, ERC: 268479, University of Bristol, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho: JP15H04780, JP16H02645, JP18H03035, JP18K10022, JP18K10042, JP19H01071, JP19K10576, JP19K10636, JP19K20457, JP19K22730, JPMEERF20145054, JPMEERF20175053, JPMEERF20205002, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Generalitat Valenciana, GVA: 090,430, BEST/2020/059, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, MHLW: JPMH14427175, JPMH17932352, JPMH19189425, Helse- og Omsorgsdepartementet, Ministry of Environment, MOE: 2017001360005, Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute, KEITI, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: CB06/02/0041, INMA G03/176, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN: MTM2015-68140-R, Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: R01HL111108, R01NR013945, Norges Forskningsråd: 221097, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa, Horizon 2020: 733206, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, MIC: JPMI10001, Consejería de Educación e Investigación, The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research , NIH/NIEHS (contract no N01-ES-75558 ), NIH/NINDS (grant no. 1 UO1 NS 047537–01 and grant no.2 UO1 NS 047537–06A1 ). MoBa1 and MoBa 2 are supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ( Z01-ES-49019 ) and Norwegian Research Council /BIOBANK (grant no 221097 ). The work in MoBa3 was supported in part by a Postdoctoral Fellowship grant from the Ulleval Hospitals Research Council (now under Oslo University Hospital) and travel grants from the Unger-Vetlesens foundation and the Norwegian American Womens Club , all to M.C.M.K. MoBa3 epigenomics data analyses were funded by INCA/Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM, France, and the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C), and performed by the Epigenetics Group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France), A.G. was supported by the grant from INCA /Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM (France, 2015) to Z.H. and also by the IARC Postdoctoral Fellowship, partially supported by the EC FP7 Marie Curie Actions-People-Co-funding of regional, national and international programmes (COFUND)., ALSPAC study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust (grant ref: 102215/2/13/2 ) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors, PY and CR, who will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website ( http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf ). The Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomics Studies (ARIES), was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council ( BB/I025751/1 and BB/I025263/1 ). Additional epigenetic profiling of ALSPAC was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit and the University of Bristol ( MC_UU_12013_1 , MC_UU_12013_2 , MC_UU_12013_5 and MC_UU_12013_8 ), the Wellcome Trust ( WT088806 ) and the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( R01 DK10324 ). PY and CR are supported by the UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit ( MC_UU_00011/5 )., The Project Viva cohort is funded by NIH grants R01HL111108 , R01NR013945 , and R37 HD034568 ., The Hokkaido-Sapporo Study is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ( JPMH14427175 , JPMH19189425 , JPMH17932352 ), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ( JP16H02645 , JP19H01071 , JP18H03035 , JP15H04780 , JP19K10576 , JP19K10636 , JP18K10042 , JP18K10022 , JP19K22730 , JP19K20457 ), and an Environment Research and Technology Development fund ( JPMEERF20145054 , JPMEERF20175053 , JPMEERF20205002 ), AMED ( JPMH19188595 , JPMH18950314 ), and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( JPMI10001 )., Main funding of the epigenetic studies in INMA were grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III ( Red INMA G03/176 , CB06/02/0041 ), Spanish Ministry of Health ( FIS-PI04/1436 , FIS-PI08/1151 including FEDER funds, FIS-PI11/00610 , FIS-FEDER-PI06/0867 , FIS-FEDER-PI03–1615 , FIS-FEDER PI16/1288 , FIS-FEDER PI19/1338, Miguel Servet FEDER 15/0025 and 20/0006, FIS-FSE : 17/00260 ), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241 , Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2020/059 , Fundacio ́ La Marato ́ de TV3 ( 090,430 ), EU Commission ( 261357 -MeDALL: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy), and European Research Council ( 268479 -BREATHE: Brain dEvelopment and Air polluTion ultrafine particles in school childrEn)., The authors would also like to thank Ingvild Essen for thorough field work, Heidi Marie Nordheim for biological sample management and the MoBa administrative unit (MoBa). The MoBa Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research . We are grateful to all the participating families in Norway who take part in this on-going cohort study., The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects , and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of Obesity and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011–2014, ‘Rhea Plus': Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012–2015). The work was also supported by MICINN ( MTM2015-68140-R ), Centro Nacional de Genotipado - CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII, the H2020 -EU.3.1.2. - Preventing Disease Programme (grant agreement no 874583 ) (ATHLETE project), and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant Agreement number: 733206 ) (Early Life stressors and Lifecycle Health (LIFECYCLE))., This study was supported by the Korean Environment Industry & Technology Institute ( KEITI ) through 'the Environmental Health Action Program', funded by Korea Ministry of Environment ( 2017001360005 )., ALSPAC. ALSPAC study is extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. We would like to acknowledge Oliver Lyttleton, Hashem Shihab, Nabila Kazmi and Geoff Woodward for their earlier contribution to the generation of ARIES data (ALSPAC methylation data). INMA, The authors would like to thank all the participants for their generous collaboration. full roster of the INMA project investigators can be found at http://www.proyectoinma.org/presentacion-inma/listado-investigadores/en_listado-investigadores.html. MoBa, The authors would also like to thank Ingvild Essen for thorough field work, Heidi Marie Nordheim for biological sample management and the MoBa administrative unit (MoBa). The MoBa Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research. We are grateful to all the participating families in Norway who take part in this on-going cohort study. Project Viva, Project Viva researchers would like to thank all mothers, children and families for their ongoing participation. RHEA, The authors would like to thank Georgia Chalkiadaki and Danai Feida for biological sample management, to Eirini Michalaki, Mariza Kampouri, Anny Kyriklaki and Minas Iakovidis for field study performance and to Maria Fasoulaki for administrative assistance. SAPPORO-HOKKAIDO, We would like to express our appreciation to all of the study participants of the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children? Health. We also express our profound gratitude to all personnel in the hospitals and clinics that collaborated with the study, including Sapporo Toho Hospital, Keiai Hospital, Endo Kikyo Maternity Clinic, Shiroishi Hospital, Memuro Municipal Hospital, Aoba Ladies Clinic, Obihiro-Kyokai Hospital, Akiyama Memorial Hospital, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Hoyukai Sapporo Hospital, Gorinbashi Hospital, Hashimoto Clinic, Asahikawa Medical College Hospital, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Ohji General Hospital, Nakashibetsu Municipal Hospital, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, Wakkanai City Hospital, Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Shibetsu City General Hospital, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Sapporo City General Hospital, Kohnan Hospital, Hakodate City Hospital, Hokkaido Monbetsu Hospital, Tenshi Hospital, Hakodate Goryoukaku Hospital, Nakamura Hospital, Kin-ikyo Sapporo Hospital, Kitami Lady's Clinic, Engaru-Kosei General Hospital, Kushiro Red Cross Hospital, Nayoro City General Hospital, and Obihiro-Kosei General Hospital. We also deeply express our gratitude to the staff of The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health for their considerable efforts to support our study, including N. Goto, O. Hayashi, T. Hikichi, N. Kanda, K. Kunita, K. Miura, Y. Shibasaki, K. Sugawara, K. Tanaka, E. Toyama, and T. Yoshikawa. Special thanks to Ms. Mimi Takahashi on her effort to support writing this manuscript.ALSPAC study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust (grant ref: 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors, PY and CR, who will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf). The Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomics Studies (ARIES), was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/I025751/1 and BB/I025263/1). Additional epigenetic profiling of ALSPAC was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit and the University of Bristol (MC_UU_12013_1, MC_UU_12013_2, MC_UU_12013_5 and MC_UU_12013_8), the Wellcome Trust (WT088806) and the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK10324). PY and CR are supported by the UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00011/5).Main funding of the epigenetic studies in INMA were grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041), Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS-PI04/1436, FIS-PI08/1151 including FEDER funds, FIS-PI11/00610, FIS-FEDER-PI06/0867, FIS-FEDER-PI03?1615, FIS-FEDER PI16/1288, FIS-FEDER PI19/1338, FIS-FSE: 17/00260), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2020/059, Fundacio ? La Marato ? de TV3 (090,430), EU Commission (261357-MeDALL: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy), and European Research Council (268479-BREATHE: Brain dEvelopment and Air polluTion ultrafine particles in school childrEn).This study was supported by the Korean Environment Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through ?the Environmental Health Action Program?, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (2017001360005).The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research, NIH/NIEHS (contract no N01-ES-75558), NIH/NINDS (grant no.1 UO1 NS 047537?01 and grant no.2 UO1 NS 047537?06A1). MoBa1 and MoBa 2 are supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-49019) and Norwegian Research Council/BIOBANK (grant no 221097). The work in MoBa3 was supported in part by a Postdoctoral Fellowship grant from the Ulleval Hospitals Research Council (now under Oslo University Hospital) and travel grants from the Unger-Vetlesens foundation and the Norwegian American Womens Club, all to M.C.M.K. MoBa3 epigenomics data analyses were funded by INCA/Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM, France, and the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C), and performed by the Epigenetics Group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France), A.G. was supported by the grant from INCA/Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM (France, 2015) to Z.H. and also by the IARC Postdoctoral Fellowship, partially supported by the EC FP7 Marie Curie Actions-People-Co-funding of regional, national and international programmes (COFUND).The Project Viva cohort is funded by NIH grants R01HL111108, R01NR013945, and R37 HD034568.The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects, and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of Obesity and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011?2014, Rhea Plus': Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012?2015). The work was also supported by MICINN (MTM2015-68140-R), Centro Nacional de Genotipado-CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII, the H2020-EU.3.1.2. - Preventing Disease Programme (grant agreement no 874583) (ATHLETE project), and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant Agreement number: 733206) (Early Life stressors and Lifecycle Health (LIFECYCLE)).The Hokkaido-Sapporo Study is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (JPMH14427175, JPMH19189425, JPMH17932352), the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (JP16H02645, JP19H01071, JP18H03035, JP15H04780, JP19K10576, JP19K10636, JP18K10042, JP18K10022, JP19K22730, JP19K20457), and an Environment Research and Technology Development fund (JPMEERF20145054, JPMEERF20175053, JPMEERF20205002), AMED (JPMH19188595, JPMH18950314), and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (JPMI10001)., European Project: 261357,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,MEDALL(2010), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, and Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy - MEDALL - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2010-12-01 - 2015-05-31 - 261357 - VALID

G. Jean Harry, Sandra McBride, Shannah K. Witchey, Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja, Alain Trembleau, Matthew Bridge, Anna Bencsik, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), DLH Holdings Corp. (DLH Corp.), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), the Division National Toxicology Program, NIEHS/NIH, Z01 ES021164, Contract #HHSN273201600011C, National Institute of Health NIDCD R01-DC-017989., and BENCSIK, Anna

Lozano, Manuel, Yousefi, Paul, Broberg, Karin, Soler-Blasco, Raquel, Miyashita, Chihiro, Pesce, Giancarlo, Kim, Woo Jin, Rahman, Mohammad, Bakulski, Kelly, Haug, Line, Ikeda-Araki, Atsuko, Huel, Guy, Park, Jaehyun, Relton, Caroline, Vrijheid, Martine, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl, Oken, Emily, Dou, John, Kishi, Reiko, Gutzkow, Kristine, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Won, Sungho, Hivert, Marie-France, Fallin, M. Daniele, Vafeiadi, Marina, Ballester, Ferran, Bustamante, Mariona, Llop, Sabrina, Universitat de València (UV), University of Bristol [Bristol], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Lund University [Lund], Hokkaido Information University, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Kangwon National University, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), 1999SGR 00241, 15/0025, 17/00260, 20/0006, FIS-FEDER PI16/1288, FIS-FEDER PI19/1338, FIS-FEDER-PI03–1615, FIS-FEDER-PI06/0867, FIS-PI04/1436, FIS-PI08/1151, FIS-PI11/00610, MC_UU_00011/5, National Institutes of Health, NIH: R37 HD034568, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK: R01 DK10324, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS: 06A1, 1 UO1 NS 047537–01, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS: N01-ES-75558, Z01-ES-49019, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED: JPMH18950314, JPMH19188595, Wellcome Trust, WT: 102215/2/13/2, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 874583, Medical Research Council, MRC: MC_UU_12013_1, MC_UU_12013_2, MC_UU_12013_5, MC_UU_12013_8, WT088806, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, BBSRC: BB/I025263/1, BB/I025751/1, European Commission, EC: 261357, European Research Council, ERC: 268479, University of Bristol, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho: JP15H04780, JP16H02645, JP18H03035, JP18K10022, JP18K10042, JP19H01071, JP19K10576, JP19K10636, JP19K20457, JP19K22730, JPMEERF20145054, JPMEERF20175053, JPMEERF20205002, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Generalitat Valenciana, GVA: 090,430, BEST/2020/059, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, MHLW: JPMH14427175, JPMH17932352, JPMH19189425, Helse- og Omsorgsdepartementet, Ministry of Environment, MOE: 2017001360005, Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute, KEITI, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: CB06/02/0041, INMA G03/176, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN: MTM2015-68140-R, Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: R01HL111108, R01NR013945, Norges Forskningsråd: 221097, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa, Horizon 2020: 733206, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, MIC: JPMI10001, Consejería de Educación e Investigación, The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research , NIH/NIEHS (contract no N01-ES-75558 ), NIH/NINDS (grant no. 1 UO1 NS 047537–01 and grant no.2 UO1 NS 047537–06A1 ). MoBa1 and MoBa 2 are supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ( Z01-ES-49019 ) and Norwegian Research Council /BIOBANK (grant no 221097 ). The work in MoBa3 was supported in part by a Postdoctoral Fellowship grant from the Ulleval Hospitals Research Council (now under Oslo University Hospital) and travel grants from the Unger-Vetlesens foundation and the Norwegian American Womens Club , all to M.C.M.K. MoBa3 epigenomics data analyses were funded by INCA/Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM, France, and the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C), and performed by the Epigenetics Group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France), A.G. was supported by the grant from INCA /Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM (France, 2015) to Z.H. and also by the IARC Postdoctoral Fellowship, partially supported by the EC FP7 Marie Curie Actions-People-Co-funding of regional, national and international programmes (COFUND)., ALSPAC study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust (grant ref: 102215/2/13/2 ) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors, PY and CR, who will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website ( http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf ). The Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomics Studies (ARIES), was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council ( BB/I025751/1 and BB/I025263/1 ). Additional epigenetic profiling of ALSPAC was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit and the University of Bristol ( MC_UU_12013_1 , MC_UU_12013_2 , MC_UU_12013_5 and MC_UU_12013_8 ), the Wellcome Trust ( WT088806 ) and the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( R01 DK10324 ). PY and CR are supported by the UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit ( MC_UU_00011/5 )., The Project Viva cohort is funded by NIH grants R01HL111108 , R01NR013945 , and R37 HD034568 ., The Hokkaido-Sapporo Study is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ( JPMH14427175 , JPMH19189425 , JPMH17932352 ), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ( JP16H02645 , JP19H01071 , JP18H03035 , JP15H04780 , JP19K10576 , JP19K10636 , JP18K10042 , JP18K10022 , JP19K22730 , JP19K20457 ), and an Environment Research and Technology Development fund ( JPMEERF20145054 , JPMEERF20175053 , JPMEERF20205002 ), AMED ( JPMH19188595 , JPMH18950314 ), and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( JPMI10001 )., Main funding of the epigenetic studies in INMA were grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III ( Red INMA G03/176 , CB06/02/0041 ), Spanish Ministry of Health ( FIS-PI04/1436 , FIS-PI08/1151 including FEDER funds, FIS-PI11/00610 , FIS-FEDER-PI06/0867 , FIS-FEDER-PI03–1615 , FIS-FEDER PI16/1288 , FIS-FEDER PI19/1338, Miguel Servet FEDER 15/0025 and 20/0006, FIS-FSE : 17/00260 ), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241 , Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2020/059 , Fundacio ́ La Marato ́ de TV3 ( 090,430 ), EU Commission ( 261357 -MeDALL: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy), and European Research Council ( 268479 -BREATHE: Brain dEvelopment and Air polluTion ultrafine particles in school childrEn)., The authors would also like to thank Ingvild Essen for thorough field work, Heidi Marie Nordheim for biological sample management and the MoBa administrative unit (MoBa). The MoBa Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research . We are grateful to all the participating families in Norway who take part in this on-going cohort study., The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects , and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of Obesity and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011–2014, ‘Rhea Plus': Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012–2015). The work was also supported by MICINN ( MTM2015-68140-R ), Centro Nacional de Genotipado - CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII, the H2020 -EU.3.1.2. - Preventing Disease Programme (grant agreement no 874583 ) (ATHLETE project), and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant Agreement number: 733206 ) (Early Life stressors and Lifecycle Health (LIFECYCLE))., This study was supported by the Korean Environment Industry & Technology Institute ( KEITI ) through 'the Environmental Health Action Program', funded by Korea Ministry of Environment ( 2017001360005 )., ALSPAC. ALSPAC study is extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. We would like to acknowledge Oliver Lyttleton, Hashem Shihab, Nabila Kazmi and Geoff Woodward for their earlier contribution to the generation of ARIES data (ALSPAC methylation data). INMA, The authors would like to thank all the participants for their generous collaboration. full roster of the INMA project investigators can be found at http://www.proyectoinma.org/presentacion-inma/listado-investigadores/en_listado-investigadores.html. MoBa, The authors would also like to thank Ingvild Essen for thorough field work, Heidi Marie Nordheim for biological sample management and the MoBa administrative unit (MoBa). The MoBa Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research. We are grateful to all the participating families in Norway who take part in this on-going cohort study. Project Viva, Project Viva researchers would like to thank all mothers, children and families for their ongoing participation. RHEA, The authors would like to thank Georgia Chalkiadaki and Danai Feida for biological sample management, to Eirini Michalaki, Mariza Kampouri, Anny Kyriklaki and Minas Iakovidis for field study performance and to Maria Fasoulaki for administrative assistance. SAPPORO-HOKKAIDO, We would like to express our appreciation to all of the study participants of the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children? Health. We also express our profound gratitude to all personnel in the hospitals and clinics that collaborated with the study, including Sapporo Toho Hospital, Keiai Hospital, Endo Kikyo Maternity Clinic, Shiroishi Hospital, Memuro Municipal Hospital, Aoba Ladies Clinic, Obihiro-Kyokai Hospital, Akiyama Memorial Hospital, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Hoyukai Sapporo Hospital, Gorinbashi Hospital, Hashimoto Clinic, Asahikawa Medical College Hospital, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Ohji General Hospital, Nakashibetsu Municipal Hospital, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, Wakkanai City Hospital, Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Shibetsu City General Hospital, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Sapporo City General Hospital, Kohnan Hospital, Hakodate City Hospital, Hokkaido Monbetsu Hospital, Tenshi Hospital, Hakodate Goryoukaku Hospital, Nakamura Hospital, Kin-ikyo Sapporo Hospital, Kitami Lady's Clinic, Engaru-Kosei General Hospital, Kushiro Red Cross Hospital, Nayoro City General Hospital, and Obihiro-Kosei General Hospital. We also deeply express our gratitude to the staff of The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health for their considerable efforts to support our study, including N. Goto, O. Hayashi, T. Hikichi, N. Kanda, K. Kunita, K. Miura, Y. Shibasaki, K. Sugawara, K. Tanaka, E. Toyama, and T. Yoshikawa. Special thanks to Ms. Mimi Takahashi on her effort to support writing this manuscript.ALSPAC study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust (grant ref: 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors, PY and CR, who will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf). The Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomics Studies (ARIES), was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/I025751/1 and BB/I025263/1). Additional epigenetic profiling of ALSPAC was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit and the University of Bristol (MC_UU_12013_1, MC_UU_12013_2, MC_UU_12013_5 and MC_UU_12013_8), the Wellcome Trust (WT088806) and the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK10324). PY and CR are supported by the UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00011/5).Main funding of the epigenetic studies in INMA were grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041), Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS-PI04/1436, FIS-PI08/1151 including FEDER funds, FIS-PI11/00610, FIS-FEDER-PI06/0867, FIS-FEDER-PI03?1615, FIS-FEDER PI16/1288, FIS-FEDER PI19/1338, FIS-FSE: 17/00260), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2020/059, Fundacio ? La Marato ? de TV3 (090,430), EU Commission (261357-MeDALL: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy), and European Research Council (268479-BREATHE: Brain dEvelopment and Air polluTion ultrafine particles in school childrEn).This study was supported by the Korean Environment Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through ?the Environmental Health Action Program?, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (2017001360005).The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research, NIH/NIEHS (contract no N01-ES-75558), NIH/NINDS (grant no.1 UO1 NS 047537?01 and grant no.2 UO1 NS 047537?06A1). MoBa1 and MoBa 2 are supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-49019) and Norwegian Research Council/BIOBANK (grant no 221097). The work in MoBa3 was supported in part by a Postdoctoral Fellowship grant from the Ulleval Hospitals Research Council (now under Oslo University Hospital) and travel grants from the Unger-Vetlesens foundation and the Norwegian American Womens Club, all to M.C.M.K. MoBa3 epigenomics data analyses were funded by INCA/Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM, France, and the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C), and performed by the Epigenetics Group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France), A.G. was supported by the grant from INCA/Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM (France, 2015) to Z.H. and also by the IARC Postdoctoral Fellowship, partially supported by the EC FP7 Marie Curie Actions-People-Co-funding of regional, national and international programmes (COFUND).The Project Viva cohort is funded by NIH grants R01HL111108, R01NR013945, and R37 HD034568.The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects, and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of Obesity and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011?2014, Rhea Plus': Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012?2015). The work was also supported by MICINN (MTM2015-68140-R), Centro Nacional de Genotipado-CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII, the H2020-EU.3.1.2. - Preventing Disease Programme (grant agreement no 874583) (ATHLETE project), and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant Agreement number: 733206) (Early Life stressors and Lifecycle Health (LIFECYCLE)).The Hokkaido-Sapporo Study is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (JPMH14427175, JPMH19189425, JPMH17932352), the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (JP16H02645, JP19H01071, JP18H03035, JP15H04780, JP19K10576, JP19K10636, JP18K10042, JP18K10022, JP19K22730, JP19K20457), and an Environment Research and Technology Development fund (JPMEERF20145054, JPMEERF20175053, JPMEERF20205002), AMED (JPMH19188595, JPMH18950314), and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (JPMI10001)., and European Project: 261357,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,MEDALL(2010)

Dhirendra Kumar, Raja Jothi, Pengyi Yang, Senthilkumar Cinghu, Andrew J. Oldfield, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory [Durham] (ESCBL-NIEHS-NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Oldfield, Andrew, Henriques, Telmo, Kumar, Dhirendra, Burkholder, Adam, Cinghu, Senthilkumar, Paulet, Damien, Bennett, Brian, Yang, Pengyi, Scruggs, Benjamin, Lavender, Christopher, Rivals, Eric, Adelman, Karen, Jothi, Raja, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory [Durham] (ESCBL-NIEHS-NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Maharishi Valmiki Hospital, Méthodes et Algorithmes pour la Bioinformatique (MAB), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marquette University, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), ATGC bioinformatics platform Montpellier. the Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (ANR-11-BINF-0002) Institut Français de Bioinformatique (ANR-11-INBS-0013)GEM Flagship project funded from Labex NUMEV (ANR-10-LABX-0020)France Génomique., ANR-10-LABX-0020/10-LABX-0020,NUMEV,Digital and Hardware Solutions and Modeling for the Environement and Life Sciences(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0013/11-INBS-0013,ReNaBi-IFB,Institut français de bioinformatique(2011), ANR-11-BINF-0002,IBC,Institut de Biologie Computationnelle de Montpellier(2011), ANR-10-INBS-09-01/10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marquette University [Milwaukee], ANR-10-LABX-0020,NUMEV,Digital and Hardware Solutions and Modeling for the Environement and Life Sciences(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0013,IFB (ex Renabi-IFB),Institut français de bioinformatique(2011), ANR-11-BINF-0002,IBC,Institut de biologie Computationnelle(2011), and ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010)

Malcom Maden, Michael J. Wolfgang, Guang Hu, Hao Zhang, Rochelle Buffenstein, Guo N. Huang, Emily Wilson, Michael M. Yartsev, Luke I. Szweda, Ellen Gillett, Dominic Lunn, Sandra E Muroy, Stephen Cutie, Frédéric Flamant, Rachel B. Bigley, DeeAnn M. Reeder, Kenneth A. Field, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Tobias A. Schmid, Megan Smith, Kentaro Hirose, Jiajia Wang, Romain Guyot, Thomas S. Scanlan, Alison Hoang, Alexander Y. Payumo, Frank Grützner, Hongyao Yu, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Dominican University of California, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California-University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Calico Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California [Berkeley], Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Department of Biology and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida [Gainesville], Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon State University (OSU), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, JSPS Overseas Research Fellowships UCSF-IRACDA postdoctoral fellowship NIGMS IMSD fellowship Hillblom fellowship Australian Research Council French National Research Agency (ANR)ANR-15-CE14-0011-01United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)1ZIAES102745United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USAR01HL13845R00HL114738Edward Mallinckrodt Jr. Foundation March of Dimes Basil O'Conner Scholar Award American Heart Association American Federation for Aging Research Life Sciences Research Foundation Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research UCSF Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research Seed Grant UCSF Academic Senate Committee on Research REAC Award (Harris Fund) United States Department of Defense Cardiovascular Research Institute, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of California (UC), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Life Sciences, University of Adelaide, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, and Oregon Health & Science University

Christoph M. Rheinberger, Susan A. Korrick, Emily Oken, Rita Schoeny, Koenraad Mariën, Margaret R. Karagas, Anna L. Choi, Elsie M. Sunderland, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Dartmouth Medical School, Washington State Department of Health, Partenaires INRAE, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), This article was inspired and shaped by a meeting organized by the Coastal and Marine Mercury Ecosystem Research Collaborative, which is sponsored by grant P42 ES007373 to the Dartmouth College Superfund Research Program from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). E.O. received support from the National Institutes of Health (R01 ES 016314), the Harvard Clinical Nutrition Research Center (P30-DK04056), the Gelfond Fund for Mercury Research and Outreach, Consortium for Interdisciplinary Environmental Research, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute. C.M.R. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under fellowship grant PBEZP1-131130. A.L.C. received support from the NIEHS (ES09797). S.K. received support from the NIEHS (R01 ES014864 and P42 ES016454). S.K. and M.R.K. received support from the NIEHS (P20 ES018175) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, RD-83459901). E.S., S.K., and E.O. received support from the Harvard School of Public Health–NIEHS Center for Environmental Health (P30 ES00002)., Dartmouth Medical School (DMS), Dartmouth College [Hanover], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Martín A. Rossotti, Otto Pritsch, Federico Carrión, Bruce D. Hammock, Carmen Carleiza, Ki Chang Ahn, Sofía Tabares-da Rosa, Gualberto González-Sapienza, Catedra de Inmunología, Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UCUR)-Facultad de Quimica-Instituto de Higiene [Montevideo], Universidad de la República (UDELAR)-Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Zoo Parque Lecocq, Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Departamento de inmunobiologia, Facultad de Medicina- Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UCUR), Department of Entomology, School of Medicine-University of California, Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, and This work was supported in part by NIH Fogarty International Center Grant TW05718, NIEHS Superfund Basic Research program, P42 ES04699, and the NIEHS Center, P30 ES05707. B.D.H. is a George and Judy Marcus Senior Fellow of the American Asthma Foundation.

Awada, R., GRES, S., Saulnier-Blache, J. S., Harry, G.Jean, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien (CYROI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), NIEHS DIR, Région Réunion, Europe, Univ, Réunion, and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Pierre Lafite, Patrick M. Dansette, François André, Darryl C. Zeldin, Daniel Mansuy, Protéines membranaires transductrices d'énergie (PMTE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stress Oxydants et Détoxication (LSOD), Département Biochimie, Biophysique et Biologie Structurale (B3S), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institutes of Health (NIEHS), NIEHS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques ( LCBPT - UMR 8601 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Stress Oxydants et Détoxication ( LSOD ), Département Biochimie, Biophysique et Biologie Structurale ( B3S ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), National Institutes of Health ( NIEHS ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay

Daniel Mansuy, Sylvie Dijols, Anne-Christine Macherey, Darryl C. Zeldin, Didier Buisson, Pierre Lafite, Patrick M. Dansette, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Collaboration CYP2J2, Mansuy, Daniel, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Abigail Bline, Anne Le Goff, Patrick Allard, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, John Templeton Foundation, NIH/NIEHS, and Burroughs Wellcome Fund

Barbara Nicol, Paula R. Brown, Humphrey H.-C. Yao, Cynthia J. Willson, Namya Mellouk, Erica K. Ungewitter, Karina F. Rodriguez, Chang Liu, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), and National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)

De Zordo-Banliat, Arnaud, Barthélémy, Lucas, Bourdreux, Flavien, Tuccio, Béatrice N., Dagousset, Guillaume, Pégot, Bruce, Magnier, Emmanuel, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR 18‐CE07‐0039‐01, AZB thanks LabEx Charmmmat for a Master's student fellowship. BT acknowledges the CNRS research infrastructure RENARD for access to the EPR facilities and the NIEHS for providing free the WINSIM software used to simulate the EPR spectra. LabEx Charmmmat is gratefully acknowledged for the funding of the continuous flow device. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) is warmly acknowledged for funding (ANR 18‐CE07‐0039‐01)., and ANR-18-CE07-0039,SAFA,Selenium et Fluor Associés: le mariage de 2 stars(2018)

Trouillet, Anne-Charlotte, Keller, Matthieu, Moussu, Chantal, Weiss, Jean, Leinders-Zufall, Trese, Birnbaumer, Lutz, Zufall, Frank, Chamero, Pablo, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saarland University [Saarbrücken], National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Marchoux, Eric

Trese Leinders-Zufall, Frank Zufall, Matthieu Keller, Jan Weiss, Lutz Birnbaumer, Anne-Charlotte Trouillet, Pablo Chamero, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Michael Siegrist, Angelika Tritscher, Thorhallur I. Halldorsson, Anna Lanzoni, Guilhem De Seze, Nigel J. Walker, George E.N. Kass, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Paolo Vineis, Andrea Terron, Frédéric Y. Bois, Christophe Rousselle, Bob van de Water, Anna Bal-Price, Ellen Mantus, Ellen Fritsche, Alfonso Lampen, Pablo Steinberg, Maurice Whelan, Maged Younes, Daniel R. Doerge, Frits Koning, Marcel Leist, K. Barry Delclos, Heather M. Wallace, Anna F. Castoldi, Susanne Hougaard Bennekou, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), National Center for Toxicological Research, Partenaires INRAE, University of Dusseldorf, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), University of Konstanz, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung - Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Max Rubner Institute - Federal Centre of Nutrition and Food, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Leiden University, Imperial College London, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), University of Aberdeen, Devos, Yann, Elliott, Kevin, Hardy, Anthony, Matvæla- og næringarfræðideild (HÍ), Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition (UI), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, and University of Iceland

Blanche Capel, Yann Guiguen, Eric Pailhoux, Elodie Dupin-De-Beyssat, Sara A. Grimm, Humphrey H.-C. Yao, Barbara Nicol, Frédéric Chalmel, Estelle Lecluze, Maëlle Pannetier, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Université Paris-Saclay, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Duke University [Durham], This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program (ES102965) of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the U.S. The goat study was supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche in France (ANR-16-CE14-0020). The human fetal gonads study was supported by l’Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), l’Université de Rennes 1 and l’Ecole des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP) in France, ANR-16-CE14-0020,SexMaintain,Rôle de TRIM28 dans le maintien de l'identité ovarienne et dans la détermination du sexe(2016), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Jennifer Nacef, Kevin N. Laland, Wilbert Zarco, Charles E. Schroeder, Jamie Nagy, Julien Sein, P. Christiaan Klink, Kelvin Mok, Michael P. Milham, Stanislas Dehaene, Charles R.E. Wilson, Orlin S. Todorov, Erwin L. A. Blezer, Winrich A. Freiwald, Béchir Jarraya, Fadila Hadj-Bouziane, John H. Morrison, David A. Rudko, Zheng Wang, Essa Yacoub, Leslie G. Ungerleider, Brian E. Russ, Amir Shmuel, Emmanuel Procyk, Stefan Everling, Elinor L. Sullivan, Doris Y. Tsao, Noam Harel, Bassem Hiba, Thomas Brochier, Jakob Seidlitz, Sabine Kastner, Michael Ortiz Rios, Martine Meunier, Alexander Thiele, Carole Guedj, Paula L. Croxson, Sze Chai Kwok, Yong-di Zhou, Christopher I. Petkov, Ting Xu, Caspar M. Schwiedrzik, Frank Q. Ye, Fabien Balezeau, Aihua Chen, Ravi S. Menon, Adam Messinger, Mark G. Baxter, Matthew F. S. Rushworth, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Rogier B. Mars, Reza Rajimehr, Christienne G. Damatac, Bonhwang Koo, Lei Ai, Colline Poirier, David A. Leopold, Simon M. Reader, Daniel S. Margulies, Mark A. Pinsk, Benjamin Jung, Lazar Fleysher, Timothy D. Griffiths, Michael C. Schmid, Céline Amiez, Suliann Ben Hamed, Jerome Sallet, Pieter R. Roelfsema, Damian A. Fair, Patrik Lindenfors, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (SBRI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), The University of Western Ontario, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Rockefeller University [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota System, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Princeton Neuroscience Institute [Princeton], Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University of St Andrews [Scotland], National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Bethesda] (NINDS), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Stockholm University, Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN - FMRIB), University of Oxford, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Princeton University, McGovern Institute for Brain Research [Cambridge], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Utrecht University [Utrecht], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Centre de Recherche en Éthique [UdeM - Montréal] (CREUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Equipe Impact, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Academic Medical Center, Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (U1208 Inserm - UCBL1 / SBRI - USC 1361 INRAE), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of California, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seidlitz, Jakob [0000-0002-8164-7476], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Neuroimagerie cognitive (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), The Rockefeller University, McGill University-McGill University, McGill University, Centre de Recherche en Éthique de l'Université de Montréal (CREUM), Université de Montréal [Montréal], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ben Hamed, Suliann

G. Andrés Cisneros, Jean-Philip Piquemal, Eric G. Kratz, Hatice Gökcan, Thomas A. Darden, University of North Texas (UNT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Laboratoire de chimie théorique (LCT), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Duncan C. Thomas, Kimberly A. McAllister, George J. Papanicolaou, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Jacqueline Kerr, Peter Kraft, Ian A. Blair, Leah E. Mechanic, Marta M. Jankowska, Stephen B. Montgomery, W. James Gauderman, Beate Ritz, Christopher I. Amos, Hugues Aschard, Bhramar Mukherjee, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Chirag J. Patel, Carolyn M. Hutter, David V. Conti, Peng Wei, John S. Witte, Li Hsu, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), Dartmouth College [Hanover], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Southern California (USC), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle] (FHCRC), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Stanford University Medical School, University of Michigan Medical School [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences provided funds to support 'Current Challenges and New Opportunities for Gene-Environment Interaction Studies of Complex Diseases.' Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute (grants U19CA203654 and U01CA196386 to C.A., R01CA140561, R01CA201407, and P01CA196569 to D.C., P01CA196569 and R01CA201407 to W.J.G., R01CA189532, R01CA195789, and P01CA53996 to L.H., R21CA169535 and R01CA179977 to J.K., R01CA169122 to P.W, R01CA169122, and R01CA201358 to J.S.W.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grants R01HL116720 and R21HL126032 to P.W.), National Human Genome Research Institute (grant R21HG007687 to H.A.), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grants P30ES07048, and R21ES024844 to WJG, R21ES020811 to B.M., R00ES023504 and R21ES025052 to C.J.P.) of the National Institutes of Health, and the National Science Foundation (grant NSF DMS 1406712 to B.M.). S.B.M. is supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants R01HG008150, R01MH101814, U01HG007436, and U01HG009080). This work is funded, in part, under a grant with the Pennsylvania Department of Health (grant SAP 4100070267) to M.D.R., We thank the participants in the workshop 'Current Challenges and New Opportunities for Gene-Environment Interaction Studies of Complex Diseases.', Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania, University of California (UC), and University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco)

Rava, Marta, Ahmed, Ismaïl, Kogevinas, Manolis, Le Moual, Nicole, Bouzigon, Emmanuelle, Curjuric, Ivan, Dizier, Marie-Hélène, Dumas, Orianne, Gonzalez, Juan, Imboden, Medea, Mehta, Amar, Tubert-Bitter, Pascale, Zock, Jan-Paul, Jarvis, Deborah, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Demenais, Florence, Nadif, Rachel, Faraldo, Beatrice, Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (B2PHI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Variabilité Génétique et Maladies Humaines, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidemiology & Public Health [Basel, Switzerland], Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel]-Medical School University of Basel, Department of Environmental Health [Boston, USA], Harvard School of Public Health, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health Group [London, U.K.], Imperial College London-National Heart and Lung Institute, U946, Fondation Jean Dausset/CEPH, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The genotyping of all three studies was funded by the French National Agency of Research (ANR-PRSP 2009: IAGO), and by the European Commission (contract n° 018996) (GABRIEL) and the Wellcome Trust grant (WT 084703MA), both awarded to the GABRIEL consortium (a multidisciplinary study to identify the genetic and environmental causes of asthma in the European Community). EGEA: Research funded by the French Agency of health safety, environment and work (AFSSET, EST-09-15). SAPALDIA: The Swiss National Science Foundation (grants no 33CS30-148470/1, 33CSCO-134276/1, 33CSCO-108796, 324730_135673, 3247BO-104283, 3247BO-104288, 3247BO-104284, 3247-065896, 3100-059302, 3200-052720, 3200-042532, 4026-028099, PMPDP3_129021/1, PMPDP3_141671/1), the Federal Office for the Environment, the Federal Office of Public Health, the Federal Office of Roads and Transport, the canton's government of Aargau, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Land, Geneva, Luzern, Ticino, Valais, and Zürich, the Swiss Lung League, the canton's Lung League of Basel Stadt/ Basel Landschaft, Geneva, Ticino, Valais, Graubünden and Zurich, Stiftung ehemals Bündner Heilstätten, SUVA, Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft, UBS Wealth Foundation, Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH, Abbott Diagnostics.ECRHS: The co-ordination of ECRHS II was supported by the European Commission, as part of their Quality of Life program. This work was also funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH grant 1R01HL062633) and the Carlos III Health Institute of the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumption (FIS grant 01/3058). The following bodies funded the local studies in ECRHS II included in this paper: Albacete: Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (FIS) (grant code: 97/0035-01, 99/0034-01 and 99/0034-02), Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Consejeria de Sanidad, Barcelona: SEPAR, Public Health Service (grant code: R01 HL62633-01), Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (FIS) (grant code:97/0035-01, 99/0034-01 and 99/0034-02) CIRIT (grant code: 1999SGR 00241) Red Respira ISCII, Basel: Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Federal Office for Education & Science, Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (SUVA), USC NIEHS Center grant 5P30 ES07048, Bergen: Norwegian Research Council, Norwegian Asthma & Allergy Association (NAAF), Glaxo Wellcome AS, Norway Research Fund, Erfurt: GSF-National Research Centre for Environment & Health, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (grant code FR 1526/1-1), Galdakao: Basque Health Dept, Grenoble: Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique-DRC de Grenoble 2000 no. 2610, Ministry of Health, Direction de la Recherche Clinique, Ministere de l'Emploi et de la Solidarite, Direction Generale de la Sante, CHU de Grenoble, Comite des Maladies Respiratoires de l’Isere, Hamburg: GSF-National Reasearch Centre for Environment & Health, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (grant code MA 711/4-1), Ipswich and Norwich: Asthma UK (formerly known as National Asthma Campaign), Huelva: Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (FIS) (grant code: 97/0035-01, 99/0034-01 and 99/0034-02), Oviedo: Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (FIS) (grant code: 97/0035-01, 99/0034-01 and 99/0034-02), Paris: Ministere de l'Emploi et de la Solidarite, Direction Generale de la Sante, UCB-Pharma (France), Aventis (France), Glaxo France, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique-DRC de Grenoble 2000 no. 2610, Ministry of Health, Direction de la Recherche Clinique, CHU de Grenoble, Tartu: Estonian Science Foundation, Umeå: Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, Swedish Foundation for Health Care Sciences & Allergy Research, Swedish Asthma & Allergy Foundation, Swedish Cancer & Allergy Foundation, and Uppsala: Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, Swedish Foundation for Health Care Sciences & Allergy Research, Swedish Asthma & Allergy Foundation, Swedish Cancer & Allergy Foundation.

Mirella Filocamo, Alessandra Renieri, Corrado Angelini, Marina Mora, Peter Schneiderat, Luisa Politano, Stefano Goldwurm, Stephen Lynn, Anne Mary Bodin, Safaa Saker, Yann Lecam, Monica Ensini, David Gurwitz, Hanns Lochmüller, Marco Crimi, Mojgan Reza, Veronika Karcagi, Lucia Monaco, Elena Pegoraro, Alex E. Felice, Kurt Zatloukal, Franca Dagna Bricarelli, C. Baldo, Fabrizia Bignami, Diana Johnson, Maurizio Moggio, Jack Puymirat, Manuel Posada de la Paz, Cécile Jaeger, Giuseppe Merla, Thomas Voit, Francesco Muntoni, Barbara Garavaglia, Jeanne Hélène di Donato, Marija Meznaric, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo Smith Kline, EURORDIS - Plateforme Maladies Rares [Paris], Fondazione Telethon, 3 C-R, University of Malta [Malta], Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Newcastle University [Newcastle], University of Ljubljana, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Second University of Naples-Caserta, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Approches génétiques intégrées et nouvelles thérapies pour les maladies rares (INTEGRARE), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Généthon, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Tel Aviv University (TAU), Cardiac Unit, Institute of Child Health (UCL), University College of London [London] (UCL), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Aalto University, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza [San Giovanni Rotondo] (IRCCS), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Medical University Graz, Istituto G.Gaslini, Mora, M, Angelini, C, Bignami, F, Bodin, Am, Crimi, M, Di Donato, Jh, Felice, A, Jaeger, C, Karcagi, V, Lecam, Y, Lynn, S, Meznaric, M, Moggio, M, Monaco, L, Politano, Luisa, Posada de la Paz, M, Saker, S, Schneiderat, P, Ensini, M, Garavaglia, B, Gurwitz, D, Johnson, D, Muntoni, F, Puymirat, J, Reza, M, Voit, T, Baldo, C, Dagna Bricarelli, F, Goldwurm, S, Merla, G, Pegoraro, E, Renieri, A, Zatloukal, K, Filocamo, M, Lochmüller, H., Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. 5 Programa Marco, Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. 6 Programa Marco, Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. 7 Programa Marco, Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Padova [Padova, Italy], University of Milan, University of Naples Federico II, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Généthon-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Université de Paris (UP), Padova University, University of Siena (University of Siena), HAL, Univ Évry, and École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Margaret R. Karagas, Lisa Helbling Chadwick, Claudine Junien, Cheryl S. Rosenfeld, David C. Bellinger, Sylvaine Cordier, Peter D. Sly, Eun Hee Ha, Philippe Grandjean, Jerrold J. Heindel, B. Paige Lawrence, Toshihiro Kawamoto, Alvaro Puga, David H. Sherr, Peter van den Hazel, Kimberly Gray, Ruth A. Etzel, Frederica P. Perera, Jorma Toppari, Qi Sun, Ludwine Casteleyn, Robert Barouki, Cheryl L. Walker, William A. Suk, Gail S. Prins, Pharmacologie, toxicologie et signalisation cellulaire (U747), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center, Cornell University [New York], Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, European Commission, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS/National Institutes of Health), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Boston University Superfund Research Program, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, International Network on Children's Health, Environment and Safety, International Society for Children's Health and the Environment, International Society for Environmental Epidemiology, World Health Organization, Physiologie Cellulaire des Regulations Hormonales, Nutritionnelles et Pharmacologiques, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche, santé, environnement et travail ( Irset ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] ( EHESP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Biologie du Développement et Reproduction ( BDR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Cornell University, Grandjean, Philippe, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Damien Neuillet, Jean-François Ouimette, Andrew J. Oldfield, Pablo Navarro, Melanie Makhlouf, Claire Rougeulle, Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC (UMR_7216)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), This work was funded by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement n°206875 and by the Inserm Avenir Program (R0721HS) to C.R. M.M. and A.O. were supported by fellowships from the Ministère de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur and the Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer. J.-F.O. was supported by a fellowship from DIM- Stem Pole and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research., We thank Joost Gribnau for the kind gift of F1 2-1 and Rnf12−/− ES cells, Arnaud Divol for the Rex1 overexpressing construct and Slimane Ait-Si-Ali for support and critical reading of the manuscript. We are grateful to the C.R. laboratory members for their helpful discussions and valuable input throughout the project and to Drs Hadjur and Avner for their support., European Project: 206875,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2007-StG,NCRNAX(2009), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Awada, Rana, Saulnier-Blache, Jean Sébastien, Gres, Sandra, Bourdon, Emmanuel, Rondeau, Philippe, Parimisetty, Avinash, Orihuela, Ruben, Harry, G. Jean, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), and National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)

Livio Oboti, Frank Zufall, Pablo Chamero, Eric Jacobi, Trese Leinders-Zufall, Matthieu Keller, Anabel Pérez-Gómez, Lutz Birnbaumer, Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institutes of Health, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physiology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft CH 920/2-1 SFB 894/A17 SFB 894/A16, Intramural Research Program of the NIH Z01 ES-101643, Volkswagen Foundation, French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Pherosex grant), DFG-funded International Graduate Program GK1326, and ProdInra, Migration

Liwen Liu, Vincent Cavaillès, Yukitomo Arao, Yin Li, Kenneth S. Korach, Sandra Burkett, Kevin Gerrish, Julie M. Hall, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences [Campbell University], Campbell University College, National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Nowak, Cécile

Andrea F. Moon, Philippe Gaudu, Lars C. Pedersen, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech

Frederick S. vom Saal, Wade V. Welshons, Catherine A. VandeVoort, Patricia A. Hunt, Pierre-Louis Toutain, Julia A. Taylor, Division of Biological Sciences [San Diego], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University (WSU), NIEHS [ES016770], and Office of Research Infrastructure Programs Division of Comparative Medicine (California National Primate Research Center) [OD011107/RR00169]

Mandi Gandelman, Luis Barbeito, Patricia Cassina, Joseph S. Beckman, Mark Levy, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University (OSU), Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UCUR), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable [Montevideo] (IIBCE), and We acknowledge funding from the National Institute for Environmental and Health Sciences (NIEHS P30ES000210), the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDSR01NS058628A), the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM P01AT002034), and the ALS Association

Ravanan, Palaniyandi, Awada, Rana, Harry, G. Jean, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), G. Jean Harry, Hugh A. Tilson, and Univ, Réunion

Peter van den Hazel, Katsuyuki Murata, David Gee, Brenda Eskenazi, Niels E. Skakkebæk, Greet Schoeters, George Davey-Smith, Mark A. Hanson, Åke Bergman, Kimberly Gray, Terry T.-K. Huang, Sylvaine Cordier, Beate Ritz, Tina Kold Jensen, Staffan Skerfving, Birger Heinzow, David C. Bellinger, Pal Weihe, Jerrold J. Heindel, Philippe Grandjean, Howard Hu, Philip J. Landrigan, I. Caroline McMillen, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Forgeron, Christine, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark (SDU)-Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction Chez l'Homme et les Mammiferes (GERHM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol [Bristol], School of Public Health [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), European Environment Agency (EEA), Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), Princess Anne Hospital, University of Southampton-Princess Anne Hospital, Public Health Services Gelderland Midden, State Agency for Health and Occupational Safety of Land Schleswig-Holstein, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [Bethesda], National Institutes of Health, Department of Community & Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Sansom Research Institute, University of South Australia, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine [Akita, Japan], Akita University-Akita University, Department of Epidemiology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Department of Growth and Reproduction [Rigshospitalet], Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital-Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System (Landssjúkrahúsið) (LS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Grandjean, Philippe, Bellinger, David, Bergman, Ake, Cordier, Sylvaine, McMillen, I Caroline, and Weihe, Pal

Woodruff, Tracey J., Zeise, Lauren, Axelrad, Daniel A, Guyton, Kathryn Z, Janssen, Sarah, Miller, Mark, Miller, Gregory G., Schwartz, Jackie, Alexeeff, George, Anderson, Henry, Birnbaum, Linda, Bois, Frédéric Y., Cogliano, Vincent James, Crofton, Kevin, Euling, Susan Y., Foster, Paul M. D., Germolec, Dori R., Gray, Earl, Hattis, Dale B., Kyle, Amy D., Luebke, Robert W., Luster, Michael I., Portier, Chris, Rice, Deborah C., Solomon, Gina, Vandenberg, John, Zoeller, R. Thomas, Department of Obsetrics and Gynecology / Program on Reproductive Health and Environment, University of California, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy / Economics and Innovation, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Center for Environmental Assessment, Department of Medecine, National Resource Defence Council, Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre internationale de recherche sur le cancer, Departement of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University, School of Public Health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Program, Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Biology, and University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)

Thomas A. Darden, Jean-Philip Piquemal, G. Andrés Cisneros, Dennis M. Elking, Wayne State University [Detroit], National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Laboratoire de chimie théorique (LCT), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Stefan O. Mueller, Angélique Gougelet, K. Korach, Jack-Michel Renoir, Physico-chimie, pharmacotechnie, biopharmacie (PCPB), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Merck KGaA [Darmstadt, Germany], Merck & Co. Inc, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), and GOUGELET, Angélique

Laurent Salmon, Nohad Gresh, Céline Roux, Lalith Perera, Jean-Philip Piquemal, ICMO (ICMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Pharmacochimie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (PMC - UMR_S 648), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Laboratoire de chimie théorique (LCT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Palaniyandi, R., Harry, G. J., Wine, R., McPherson, C., Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and Univ, Réunion

Harry, G. J., Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, Wine, R., Aoyama, M., National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and Univ, Réunion

Mcpherson, C. A., Wine, R. N., Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, Harry, G. J., Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), and Univ, Réunion

G. Jean Harry, Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), and National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)

Wine, Robert N., Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, McPherson, Christopher A., Harry, G. J., Univ, Réunion, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), and National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)

Kenneth S. Korach, Céline Bouclier, Stefan O. Mueller, Jack-Michel Renoir, Véronique Marsaud, Angélique Gougelet, Sébastien Maillard, GOUGELET, Angélique, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Physico-chimie, pharmacotechnie, biopharmacie (PCPB), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signalisation normale et pathologique de l'embryon aux thérapies innovantes des cancers, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Recepteurs et Signalisation des Interleukines (U749), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)

Harry, G.Jean, Wine, R. N., McPherson, Christopher A., Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and Univ, Réunion

Harry, G.Jean, Wine, R. N., Mcpherson, Christopher A., Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), FASEB (Federation of American Societies For Experimental Biology), and Univ, Réunion

Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, Wine, R. N., Mcpherson, Christopher A., Harry, G. Jean, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), and Univ, Réunion

Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, Harry, G. Jean, Univ, Réunion, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), and American Society of Neurochemistry

McPherson, Christopher A., Wine, R. N., Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, Harry, G. Jean, Univ, Réunion, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), and National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)

Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian, Harry, G. Jean, Univ, Réunion, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), and National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)

Robert N. Wine, G. Jean Harry, Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christopher A. McPherson, Julie Kubik, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)