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172 results on '"Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP )"'

1. Investigation of liquid water heterogeneities in large area PEM fuel cells using a pseudo-3D multiphysics model

Author: Jean-Philippe Poirot-Crouvezier, M. Chandesris, Yann Bultel, Arnaud Morin, F. Courtois, E. Tardy, Département de l'Electricité et de l'Hydrogène pour les Transports (DEHS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Département Etude des Réacteurs (DER), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARC-Nucleart CEA Grenoble (NUCLEART), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Bultel, Yann, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Materials science, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Multiphysics, Flow (psychology), Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Water transport Two-phase flow Computer simulations Neutron imaging, Stack (abstract data type), 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Water transport, Gas diffusion electrode, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Durability, Model predictive control, 13. Climate action, 0210 nano-technology, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract: International audience; Effective management of the liquid water and heat produced in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is necessary to increase both its performance and durability. In previous works, a pseudo-3D physic-based model of heat and water transport in fuel cells was developed and has been validated against experimental temperature and current density data. In this study, liquid water measurement obtained from neutron imaging tests is compared with numerical results. The model is able to predict qualitatively the presence of liquid water with a good accuracy taking into account the real Bipolar Plate (BP) design. Based on the reliability of the predictions at this first order in-plane space scale, the model has been used to compute the thickness of liquid water through the plane of the cell, in the different components of the stack, Gas Channel (GC) or Gas Diffusion Electrode (GDE). Our two-phase flow formulation has also been compared to more classical phase-separated two-phase flow model. A good accordance is observed for low saturations. The good agreement between predictions and measurement results supports the capability of our model to be employed in predictive control strategies or to design innovative Bipolar Plate (BP) at lower cost compared to experimental tests.
Published: 2019
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2. In situ and operando 3D imaging of Pt and Pd electrocatalytic nanocrystals

Author: Atlan, Clément, Chatelier, Corentin, Viola, Arnaud, Dupraz, Maxime, Leake, Steven, Eymery, J., Maillard, Frédéric, Richard, Marie‐ingrid, European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanostructures et Rayons X (NRX), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), European Project: 818823,CARINE, European Project: 952184,HERMES, and Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS )
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis
Abstract: International audience; Structural properties of transition metal are critical to understand the catalytic behavior of electrochemical processes. Here we show that 200 nm Pt and 500 nm Pd nanocrystals can be probed in situ and operando through Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging. This lens-less technique enables determining the morphology as well as mapping the strain and displacement fields of such nanoparticles. By measuring the Pt 002 Bragg reflection we show evidence of heterogeneous and potential-dependent strain distribution between highly-coordinated ({100} and {111} facets) and under-coordinated atoms (edges and corners) as well as evidence of strain propagation from the surface to the bulk of the nanoparticle. This allows to unveil adsorption sites. We also demonstrate that the formation of highly strained palladium hydride nanocrystals can be tracked under potential control. Even though the beta phase (hydrogen rich) Bragg peak comes and vanishes at relevant potentials, the nanocrystal does not recover its pristine morphology.
Published: 2023

3. Breathing Pt nanoparticle imaged using in situ BCDI

Author: Atlan, Clément, Chatelier, Corentin, Martens, Isaac, Dupraz, Maxime, Leake, Steven, Richard, Marie-Ingrid, Viola, Arnaud, Maillard, Frédéric, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), ESRF, European Project: 818823,CARINE, and European Project: 952184,HERMES
Subjects: [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience; The relationship between surface strain and the rate of a (electro-)catalytic reaction was unveiled by Hammer and Nørskov using density functional theory (DFT) calculations [1,2]. They proposed that the rate of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) would be enhanced on Pt-based catalysts binding *OH species ca. 0.10 - 0.15 eV more weakly than Pt(111), [1, 2] later experimentally verified using a Pt3Ni(111)-skin surface.[3] Nevertheless these predictions did not translate to Pt-based nanocatalysts, in part because these feature present multiple catalytic sites with a range of binding energies. Also, DFT calculations consider catalytic surfaces in vacuum, i.e. in the absence of water molecules and electric field. Hence, an in situ picture of how strain is distributed on Pt-based surfaces is still lacking.In this contribution, we took benefit of recent advances in Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging (BCDI) [4, 5] and of the fourth generation Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron (ESRF-EBS, Grenoble, France) to map strain over Pt nanoparticles in electrochemical environment. Our results reveal that strain is heterogeneously distributed between highly- and weakly-coordinated surface atoms, and propagates from the surface to the bulk of the Pt nanoparticle as (bi)sulphates anions adsorb on the surface.
Published: 2023

4. From multi-physics to electrical circuit models of aged graphite electrodes of Lithium-ion battery

Author: Oumaima Chaouachi, Marion Chandesris, Jean-Michel Rety, Yann Bultel, Forsee Power, 1 Boulevard Hippolyte Marques, F-75013 Paris, Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and the French National Association of Research and Technology (CIFRE 2017/0705)
Subjects: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: International audience; A two-step up-scaling methodology is established to determine a temporal Electric Equivalent Circuit (EEC) model of aged graphite electrodes. The methodology is fed with original experimental results of graphite impedance spectra obtained upon aging on graphite-NMC pouches instrumented with reference electrodes. An analytical expression is first derived which includes the impedance contributions from interfacial kinetics, double-layer adsorption, solid-phase diffusion processes in the graphite particles as well as lithium diffusion through the SEI layer. The derivation of the temporal EEC model from this analytical expression using Foster series allows to link the EEC model parameters to materials properties and to tune the accuracy of the model by choosing the number of RC elements in the series. The validity of the model is ascertained by comparison with the experimental data obtained at different aging time and for two cycling temperature conditions. In particular, accounting for lithium diffusion through the SEI is necessary to capture the evolution of the impedance spectra of significantly aged graphite electrodes.
Published: 2023
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5. Review on the Degradation Mechanisms of Metal-N-C Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acid Electrolyte: Current Understanding and Mitigation Approaches

Author: Kumar, Kavita, Dubau, Laetitia, Jaouen, Frédéric, Maillard, Frédéric, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-16-CE05-0007,CAT2CAT,Des catalyseurs aux cathodes: Une approche d'architecture contrôlée d'électrode pour pile PEM à base de métaux abondants(2016), ANR-19-CE05-0039,ANIMA,Aérogels de carbone poreux dopés à l'azote et avec des métaux abondants pour des assemblages membrane-électrodes efficaces et durables(2019), ANR-21-CE05-0021,DEEP,Pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse d'anions alliant haute performance et chargement en métaux précieux ultrabas(2021), and European Project: 779366,CRESCENDO
Subjects: [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience; One bottleneck hampering the widespread use of fuel cell vehicles, in particular of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), is the high cost of the cathode where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs, due to the current need of precious metals to catalyse this reaction. Electrochemists tackle this issue in the short/medium term by developing catalysts with improved utilization or efficiency of platinum, and in the longer term, by developing catalysts based on Earth-abundant elements. Considerable progress has been achieved in the initial performance of Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon (Metal-N-C) catalysts for the ORR, especially with Fe-N-C materials. However, until now, this high performance cannot be maintained for sufficiently long time in operating PEMFC. The identification and mitigation of the degradation mechanisms of Metal-N-C electrocatalysts in the acidic environment of PEMFCs has therefore become an important research topic. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the degradation mechanisms of Metal-N-C electrocatalysts, including the recently identified importance of combined oxygen and electrochemical potential. Results obtained in liquid-electrolyte and PEMFC device are discussed, as well as insights gained from in situ and operando techniques. We also review the mitigation approaches that the scientific community has hitherto investigated to overcome the durability issues of Metal-N-C electrocatalysts.
Published: 2023
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6. Safety Evaluation of All-Solid-State Batteries: An Innovative Methodology Using In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Radiography

Author: Juliette Charbonnel, Natacha Darmet, Claire Deilhes, Ludovic Broche, Magali Reytier, Pierre-Xavier Thivel, Rémi Vincent, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, DEHT, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF)
Subjects: [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
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7. Operando potential-induced strain heterogeneity of a breathing Pt nanoparticle: MS40 - Operando and in-situ crystallographic studies

Author: Atlan, Clément, Chatelier, Corentin, Viola, Arnaud, Dupraz, Maxime, Leake, Steven, Eymery, J., Maillard, Frédéric, Richard, Marie‐ingrid, European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and European Project: 818823,CARINE
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Pt nanoparticles and their alloys are frequently used as catalysts in a large number of (electro)chemical processes. Understanding how the structure of these catalysts evolve during the reaction is a major challenge to optimize their catalityc performance and activity. Since coherent X-ray diffraction imaging is a nondestructive technique, it allows for the in situ and operando 3D mapping of the sctuctural response of single nanoparticles during electrochemical reaction (i.e. for diffferent electrode potentials) and for different types of electrolyte. Here, we show that the use of this technique allows to follow the 3D evolution of the strain of a Pt nanoparticle during an electrochemical reaction (see Figure 1). More precisely, we show evidence of heterogeneous and potential-dependent strain distribution between highly-coordinated ({100} and {111} facets) and under coordinated atoms (edges and corners) as well as evidence of strain propagation from the surface to the bulk of the nanoparticle (see Figure 2). The heterogeneity of strain distribution depends on the electrode potential and reaches as large as 0.08 % at oxygen reduction reaction-relevant potential. These results provide dynamic structural insights to better simulate and design efficient nanocatalysts for energy storage and conversion applications.
Published: 2022

8. Imaging the Breathing of a Platinum Nanoparticle in Electrochemical Environment

Author: Atlan, Clément, Chatelier, Corentin, Dupraz, Maxime, Martens, Isaac, Viola, Arnaud, Li, Ni, Gao, Lu, Leake, Steven J., Schülli, Tobias U., Eymery, Joël, Maillard, Frédéric, Richard, Marie-Ingrid, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), ANR-19-ENER-0008,BRIDGE,Vers l'intégration de catalyseurs performants dans des électrodes de pile à combustible efficaces(2019), and European Project: 818823,CARINE
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Strain 3D, Coherent diffraction imaging, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Platinum and palladium catalysts, Electrocatalysis in situ and operando, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis
Abstract: Surface strain is widely used in gas phase catalysis and electrocatalysis to control the binding energies of adsorbates on metal surfaces. However, $in$ $situ$ or $operando$ strain measurements are experimentally challenging, especially on nanomaterials. Here, we take advantage of the 4$^{th}$ generation Extremely Brilliant Source at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF-EBS, Grenoble, France) to quantify the distribution of strain inside a Pt nanoparticle, and to determine its morphology in an electrochemical environment. Our results show for the first time evidence of heterogeneous and potential-dependent strain distribution between highly-coordinated ({100} and {111} facets) and under-coordinated atoms (edges and corners) as well as evidence of strain propagation from the surface to the bulk of the nanoparticle. These results provide dynamic structural insights to better simulate and design efficient nanocatalysts for energy storage and conversion applications.
Published: 2022

9. Structural disorder in ORR electrocatalysis: operation mode, practical descriptors to quantify and foreseen challenges

Author: Chattot, Raphaël, Atlan, Clément, Viola, Arnaud, Chatelier, Corentin, Martens, Isaac, Roiron, Camille, Drnec, Jakub, Bordet, Pierre, Richard, Marie‐ingrid, Dubau, Laetitia, Maillard, Frédéric, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), ANR-19-ENER-0008,BRIDGE,Vers l'intégration de catalyseurs performants dans des électrodes de pile à combustible efficaces(2019), ANR-14-CE05-0003,HOLLOW,Au-delà des électrocatalyseurs traditionnels : des nanoparticules creuses de métal noble pour applications PEMFC(2014), European Project: 818823,CARINE, Maillard, Frédéric, Vers l'intégration de catalyseurs performants dans des électrodes de pile à combustible efficaces - - BRIDGE2019 - ANR-19-ENER-0008 - ANR-BMBF - VALID, Appel à projets générique - Au-delà des électrocatalyseurs traditionnels : des nanoparticules creuses de métal noble pour applications PEMFC - - HOLLOW2014 - ANR-14-CE05-0003 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, and Coherent diffrAction foR a look Inside Nanostructures towards atomic rEsolution: catalysis and interface - CARINE - 818823 - INCOMING
Subjects: [CHIM.CATA] Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis
Abstract: International audience; Due to strain and ligand effects, the simultaneous presence of concave and convex surfaces and their highly-defective nanostructure (atomic vacancies, grain boundaries), highly defective hollow PtNi/C electrocatalysts have proven to enhance remarkably the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics [1,2]. Likewise, PtNi aerogel [3], jagged PtNi nanowires [4,5] feature both high concentration of structural defects and enhanced ORR activity. On the other hand, and inspired from single crystal approach, nanostructured octahedral-shaped PtNi/C electrocatalysts exhibiting only Pt(111) facets are among the most active ORR electrocatalysts [6,7]. This presentation will show how structure-activity-stability relationships of these two classes of materials can be unified via two descriptors derived from structural and electrochemical parameters respectively [8,9]. A special emphasis will be given on the stability trends of these two families of ORR electrocatalysts.
Published: 2022

10. Anode Defects’ Propagation to the Electrolyte and Catalyst Layers in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Author: Touhami Salah, Marie Crouillere, Julia Mainka, Jérôme Dillet, Christine Nayoze-Coynel, Corine Bas, Laetitia Dubau, Assma El Kaddouri, Florence Dubelley, Fabrice Micoud, Marian Chatenet, Yann Bultel, Olivier Lottin, Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genèse et Usage d'Interfaces Durables pour l'Energie (GUIDE), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), and CEA LITEN Grenoble
Subjects: [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: Defects known to shorten the lifetime of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) can appear on different membrane electrode assembly (MEA) components and under different forms due to manufacturing processes or operational aging of the fuel cell [1, 2]. Defects-propagation in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) is investigated via Accelerated Stress Tests (AST) combining load (hence potential) cycling, load-driven humidity cycling, and open-circuit voltage. Customized MEA with lack of anode catalyst layer at two different locations -near the hydrogen inlet or outlet- are fabricated and subjected to the AST. Periodical electrochemical characterizations are performed using a segmented and instrumented cell, enabling to track the cell performance and anode/cathode electrochemical surface area (ECSA) over the test period with a spatial resolution along the gas channels. These observations are completed by post mortem analyses of the MEA. The MEA accelerated degradation is obvious, with multiple impacts on the cell performance and materials. More specifically, the results brought first evidence of defects propagation in terms of membrane thinning and anode ECSA loss: significant membrane thinning is observed for the defective segments, while anode ECSA loss is measured downstream in the direction of the hydrogen flow. The cathode degradation is poorly affected by the presence of the anode defects. In addition, membrane degradation also appears to propagate downstream the channels when the AST is prolonged for a long period of time. Anode and cathode local potential monitoring during the AST reveals the absence of cathode high-potential excursion, in both the segments with/without initial defects. However, oxygen crossover -toward the hydrogen compartment- is probably detected through slight variations in the anode local potential: this lead to the conclusion that the membrane and anode accelerated degradations are seemingly governed by chemical mechanisms like gas crossover rather than electrochemical mechanisms induced by high-potential excursions. Guilminot, E. et al. Membrane and Active Layer Degradation upon PEMFC Steady-State Operation. J. Electrochem. Soc. 154, B1106 (2007). Dubau, L. et al. A review of PEM fuel cell durability: Materials degradation, local heterogeneities of aging and possible mitigation strategies. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Energy Environ. 3, 540–560 (2014). Figure 1
Published: 2022
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11. Description of strontium precipitation in highly concentrated nitric acid

Author: Emilie Baudat, Isabelle Billard, Céline Gautier, Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d’analyse en soutien aux exploitants (LASE), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC)
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Multipurpose-fitting routine, Speciation, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Concentrated nitric acid, Pollution, Analytical Chemistry, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Phreeqc, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Strontium, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, Spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; The precipitation of strontium in highly concentrated nitric acid is often used in standard radiochemical methods for $^90$ Sr separation. In this work, the description of Sr behavior in such conditions was studied in the point of speciation simulation. Standard speciation method based on Phreeqc software was considered but two problems underlined the limits of this approach to study this process: inappropriate ionic strength correction model (for I>10 M) and the particular dissociation of nitric acid. To overcome these issues, a multipurpose-fitting routine, Minuit, was used to fit chemical model parameters. A polynomial expression was also added to the model in order to take into account nitric acid dissociation. This alternative was proved successful to calculate the Sr precipitate in highly concentrated nitric acid. Comparison was made with the results obtained with Design of Experiment methodology.
Published: 2022
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12. Physicochemical properties evolution of cathodic catalyst layer and cell performance improvement during PEMFC start-up with mitigation strategies

Author: Timothée Drugeot, Fabrice Micoud, Eric Pinton, Jean-Philippe Poirot, Sébastien Rosini, Laure Guetaz, Lucas Poupin, Yann Bultel, Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is a promising technology to power electric vehicle. To mass-market, one of the technological limitations to overcome concerns improvements in durability[1]. Degradation mechanisms during real-life condition in vehicular operation have been reviewed and authors revealed start-up/shut-down (SU/SD) as critical phases [2]. Indeed, the well-identified reverse current decay mechanism occurs during the H2|Air coexistence in anode side and it is recognized to accelerate Platinum catalyst and carbon support degradations within Cathode Catalyst Layer (CCL)[3,4]. Frequent SU/SD results to a progressive evolution of CCL physiochemical properties, and ultimately, cell performance decay. In this work, a novel Accelerated Stress Test (AST) was designed to mimic realistic potential profile at the cathode side during the SU-phase[5]. By comparing to the well-known triangular profile recommended by SU DoE[6], our profile adds a high potential plateau at 1.6 V during 1.5 s relative to the H2|Air front propagation. A 100-cm² single cell with state-of-art flow field and commercial MEA is used. This ageing test is coupled with electrochemical characterization by voltammogram, CO / CO2 gas analysis at the cathode outlet and performance measurement by polarization curve to assess a clear insight into degradation mechanisms. Afterwards a sensitivity study is performed onto both plateau potential value (Efront) and its exposure time (tfront). Results validate that lowering cathodic potential during H2|Air front propagation by dummy load application and lowering its exposure time by accelerating H2 introduction are promising mitigation strategies. In further details, degradation mechanisms within CCL are more sensitive to potential parameter than the exposure time. Pt dissolution and redeposition are revealed predominant at lower potential range (1.0-1.4 V) whereas carbon support corrosion and Pt detachment are at higher potential range (1.4-1.6 V). Otherwise, this work shows also that SU-AST cycling with an Efront value equal to 1.0 and 1.2 V improves cell performance despite a loss of ECSA and carbon support. A beneficial CCL modification at the beginning of test is suspected, which could lead to an enhancement of future break-in protocol assuming optimize carbon support properties and thus cell performance at high current densities.
Published: 2022

13. Coupling experiments and modeling: towards a better understanding of PEMFC operation

Author: Vandenberghe, Florent, Schott, Pascal, Micoud, Fabrice, Morin, Arnaud, Chatenet, Marian, Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract: International audience; Despite many improvements, PEMFC systems still suffer technological limitations, some of which being linked to the materials cost, performance and durability of the cathode catalyst layer. Combining experiments and modeling enables to characterize and better understand the behaviour of the carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) electrocatalyst, its utilization/effectiveness in PEMFC cathode catalyst layers and to be able to predict the performance and durability of PEMFC. In this work, physico-chemical and electrochemical measurements are performed from the scale of the raw Pt/C materials up to the complete catalyst layer, to gather as much information as possible on the catalytic layer micro-structure and its operating properties. During experimental performance measurements in PEMFC differential-single cell (1.8 cm² under high reactant stoichiometry), reversible performance gains/losses can be observed. This behaviour is often ascribed to variable hydration state of the ionomer in the catalyst layer and the bulk membrane and also to the evolution of platinum surface states due to oxides partial formation/reduction. In parallel; several models have been developed to simulate one or combined mechanisms leading to the performance1 and degradation of cell components. Based on our experimental work and data sets, the behaviour of the Pt/C electrocatalysts has been studied in order to introduce new electrocatalytic features in one-dimensional models, especially the Pt surface oxide formation and reduction through basic reactions linked to the surface state of Pt as well as to bulk Pt oxide formation via chemical place exchange reaction. This preliminary step was successfully implemented into a complete performance model for the O$_2$ reduction reaction at the cathode, that better describes the physical and electrochemical phenomena involved in very low loaded cathode catalyst layers during fuel cell operation. Hydration variation of the cathode catalyst layer and Pt oxide formation/reduction are now well described in the model during performance simulation leading to hysteresis phenomena as observed experimentally. Impact of the cathode catalyst layer structure, composition and loading as well as transport properties influence the hysteresis phenomenon and will be discussed.
Published: 2022

14. Dégradation de la membrane perfluorée renforcée en présence d'un défaut de la couche anodique dans une pile à combustible PEMFC

Author: Corine Bas, Marie Crouillere, Florence Dubelley, Marian Chatenet, Laetitia Dubau, Bultel, Y., Sahal Touhami, Olivier Lottin, Assma El Kaddouri, Julia Mainka, Jérôme Dillet, Olivier Chadebec, Cauffet, G., Nayoze-Coynel, C., Micoud, F., Sébastien Rosini, Genèse et Usage d'Interfaces Durables pour l'Energie (GUIDE), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-17-CE05-0003,LOCALI,Dévoiler les mécanismes de propagation des défauts locaux dans les PEMFC, par mesure et exploitation de la distribution de densité de courant locale(2017)
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

15. Optimisation de la répartition d eau, de température et de courant dans les piles à combustible de type PEM

Author: Cornet, Marine, Bultel, Yann, Morin, Arnaud, Poirot, Jean-Philippe, Schott, Pascal, Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

16. Mapping Strain in Platinum Nanoparticles via Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging

Author: Atlan, Clément, Richard, Marie‐ingrid, Martens, Isaac, Dupraz, Maxime, Chatelier, Corentin, Viola, Arnaud, Leake, Steven, Maillard, Frédéric, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), The Electrochemical Society, ANR-19-ENER-0008,BRIDGE,Vers l'intégration de catalyseurs performants dans des électrodes de pile à combustible efficaces(2019), and European Project: 818823,CARINE
Subjects: [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Variations in the interatomic distances lead to altered d-band centre for a given metal, and provide an elegant way to control its activity towards (electro)catalytic reactions (“strain-engineering” approach). The effect of strain was rationalized within the frame of the d-band theory of Hammer and Nørskov in the late 1990s [1,2]. The authors predicted that the rate of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be enhanced on catalysts binding *OH ca. 0.10 - 0.15 eV more weakly than Pt(111), [1, 2] and this prediction was experimentally verified using a Pt3Ni(111)-skin surface.[3] Nevertheless, these predictions hardly translated to nanomaterials, because of the wide variety of catalytic sites configurations. Also, the d-band theory mostly considers catalytic surfaces in vacuum, without any effect related to the electrical double layer and adsorption/desorption processes. Hence, an in situ picture of how strain develops on Pt-based surfaces is still lacking.In this contribution, we took benefit of recent advances in Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging (BCDI) [4, 5] and of the fourth generation Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron (ESRF-EBS, Grenoble, France) to map strain over Pt nanoparticles in situ. Our results show that adsorption of anions causes appearance of compressive strain at under-coordinated (edges and corners) atoms and tensile strain at highly-coordinated ({001} and {111} facets) atoms. Strain heterogeneity increases with the electrode potential and reaches as large as 0.08 %. at ORR-relevant potential. These results provide direct insights into the dynamics of Pt nanoparticles in an electrochemical environment, andhave direct consequences for electrocatalysis in general, and for ORR electrocatalysis in particular.
Published: 2022
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17. Ultrasound interrogation, an operando technique for the monitoring of battery materials

Author: Guillet, Nicolas, Gau, Vincent, Thivel, Pierre-Xavier, Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-10-IEED-0014,INES2S,INES2S(2010), CEA, Contributeur MAP, and INES2S - - INES2S2010 - ANR-10-IEED-0014 - IEED - VALID
Subjects: [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: présentation orale (20 min) de quelques résultats de la thèse de Vincent Gau; International audience
Published: 2022

18. Direct borohydride fuel cells: A selected review of their reaction mechanisms, electrocatalysts, and influence of operating parameters on their performance

Author: Antoine Bonnefont, Elena R. Savinova, Marian Chatenet, Alexandr G. Oshchepkov, Gaël Maranzana, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Reaction mechanism, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Borohydride, Electrocatalyst, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Redox, Analytical Chemistry, Catalysis, Sodium borohydride, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nickel, Electrochemistry, Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells, Platinum, Hydrogen escape, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Anode, Membrane, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Borohydride Oxidation Reaction, 0210 nano-technology, Palladium
Abstract: International audience; Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFC) oxidize an easily-stored energy-dense borohydride fuel (sodium borohydride: NaBH4), that in theory reacts ca. 400 mV below H2 and produce 8 electrons per BH4anion. However, the borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) does not fully meet these promises in practice: the electrocatalyst nature, structure and state-of-surface, and the operating conditions (pH, BH4concentration, temperature, fluxes) noticeably influence the BOR kinetics and mechanism. Nickel and platinum-based catalysts both have assets for the BOR. DBFCs can only yield decent performance if their separator combines high ionconductivity and efficient separation of the reactants; cation-exchange membranes, anionexchange membranes, bipolar membranes and porous separators all have their own advantages and drawbacks. Besides the anode, the choice of separator must consider the DBFC cathode reaction, where oxygen (air) or hydrogen peroxide are reduced, provided adapted catalysts are used. All these aspects drive the DBFC performance and stability/durability.
Published: 2022
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19. Modelling of the anion exchange membrane based water electrolysis

Author: Panda, Ronit-Kumar, Serre, Guillaume, Schott, Pascal, Bultel, Yann, Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation
Abstract: International audience; Anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis is the method of hydrogen generation with an Anion Exchange Membrane, using electricity. One of the major advantages of AEM water electrolysis is the replacement of conventional noble metal electrocatalysts with low-cost transition metal catalysts. This device have been modelled in the code MePHYSTO-WE developed by CEA LITEN for the simulation of the electrolyzer performances. The model structure is based on the Bond Graph theory, in which each transport block is represented by a resistive element and each balance block is represented by a capacitive element. The developed multiphysics model for this device also incorporates the transport of liquid water and gaseous products through the porous layers.The equations were solved in MATLAB/ SIMULINK. Finally, the sensitivity analysis incorporates an evaluation and optimisation of the model geometry, operating temperature, concentration of the electrolyte fed into the device and internal characteristics such as porosity and tortuousity of the electrodes and membrane thickness. The main advantage of the model is the assessment of the phenomenon resulting in performance loss of the device , investigating the pH gradient and role of electrolyte concentration on operation as well as understanding the Schroeder paradox for its role on membrane water transport and assessing the key parameters to achieve the desired electrolyser performance. In terms of fabrication of components we also assess the role of membrane and catalyst size and the impact of ionomer content in the membrane and catalysts on the performance.
Published: 2022

20. Modeling of platinum oxides formation and re-duction: a performance model for O2 reduction reaction

Author: Schott, Pascal, Micoud, Fabrice, Morin, Arnaud, Chatenet, Marian, Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and CEA, Contributeur MAP
Subjects: Hysteresis phenomenon, [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, [SPI.OTHER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Performance model, Reversible degradation, Fuel cell, Modeling
Abstract: International audience; Despite many improvements, PEMFC systems still suffer technological limitations, such as their initial cost and overall durability in real life operation, which prevents widespread industrial deployment. Some of these limitations can be overcome by combining experiments and modeling to characterize and better understand the behaviour of the carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) electrocatalyst, its utiliza-tion/effectiveness in PEMFC catalyst layers and to be able to predict the performance and durability of PEMFC. This should help making the most relevant choices to accelerate the development processes of PEMFC.In this work, physico-chemical and electrochemical measurements are performed from the scale of the raw Pt/C materials up to the complete catalyst layer, to gather as much information as possible on the catalytic layer micro-structure and its operating properties. Coupling experiments in classic RDE and in PEMFC differential-single cell (1.8 cm² under high reactant stoichiometry) enables to fully characterize the electrochemical properties and behaviour of our materials. During experimental performance meas-urements, reversible performance gains/losses can be observed. This behaviour is often ascribed to variable hydration state of the ionomer in the catalyst layer and the bulk membrane and also to the evolution of platinum surface states due to oxides partial formation/reduction.In parallel; several models have been developed to simulate one or combined mechanisms leading to the performance1 and degradation of cell components2,3. Based on our experimental work and data sets, the behaviour of the Pt/C electrocatalysts has been studied in order to introduce new electrocata-lytic features and especially the Pt surface oxide formation and reduction which is linked to Pt surface state as well as Pt bulk oxide formation via chemical place exchange reaction. This preliminary step was then further developed into a complete performance model for the O2 reduction reaction at the cathode to better describe the physical and electrochemical phenomenon involved in catalyst layers during fuel cell operation. With this new description, the position of the main adsorption/desorption peaks monitored by CV under inert atmosphere and the hysteresis phenomenon on the polarization plot during real fuel cell operation are well captured by the simulation compared to experiment keeping complete physical meaning.
Published: 2022

21. Open data model parameterization of a second-life Li-ion battery

Author: Delphine Riu, Pedro V. H. Seger, Mikael Cugnet, Pierre-Xavier Thivel, Sylvie Genies, Eddy Coron, G2Elab-SYstèmes et Réseaux ELectriques (G2Elab-SYREL), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Battery (electricity), Work (thermodynamics), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Computer science, State of health, 020209 energy, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Model parameters, 02 engineering and technology, Span (engineering), Ion, Computational science, Open data, State of charge, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: With the fast expansion of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, the demand of Li-ion batteries is increasing exponentially. This creates an opportunity for a second life of these cells once they are no longer suitable for their original application. An accurate modelling of the second life can be a powerful tool for these new applications. In this work, we propose a complete second life model parameterization for a Li-Ion cell, with its parameters based on experimental data of NMC/LMO cells cycled through their first and second lives. The resulting model parameters span a State of Health from 80 % to 50 % of the cell original capacity, a State of Charge from 0 to 100 %, two current values and two first life temperature points. The model parameters are presented in an open data fashion in the form of look-up tables, ready to be implemented in simulation softwares.
Published: 2022
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22. Anode defects' propagation in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Author: Salah Touhami, Marie Crouillere, Julia Mainka, Jérôme Dillet, Christine Nayoze-Coynel, Corine Bas, Laetitia Dubau, Assma El Kaddouri, Florence Dubelley, Fabrice Micoud, Marian Chatenet, Yann Bultel, Olivier Lottin, Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genèse et Usage d'Interfaces Durables pour l'Energie (GUIDE), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), French Environmental and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), ANR-17-CE05-0016,ECPOR,Couplage Elastocalorique dans les Polymères pour la génération solide du froid(2017), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, 05 social sciences, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, 0502 economics and business, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 050207 economics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: International audience; Defects-propagation in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) is investigated via Accelerated Stress Tests (AST) combining load (hence potential) and load-driven humidity cycling, and open-circuit voltage. Customized MEA with lack of anode catalyst layer at two different locations -near the hydrogen inlet or outlet- are fabricated and subjected to the AST. Periodical electrochemical characterizations are performed using a segmented cell, enabling to track the cell performance and anode/cathode electrochemical surface area (ECSA) over the test period with a spatial resolution along the gas channels. These observations are completed by post mortem analyses of the MEA.The MEA accelerated degradation is obvious, with multiple impacts on the cell performance and materials. More specifically, the results brought first evidence of defects propagation, in term of anode ECSA loss, in the direction of the hydrogen flow. The cathode ECSA is also impacted, although seemingly homogeneously. Significant membrane thinning is observed for the defective segments, without propagation to the adjacent ones. Anode and cathode local potential monitoring during the AST reveals the absence of cathode high-potential excursion, in both the segments with/without initial defects: the membrane and anode accelerated degradation is governed by chemical mechanisms like gas crossover rather than electrochemical mechanisms induced by high-potential excursions.
Published: 2022
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23. Bimetallic Pt or Pd-based carbon supported nanoparticles are more stable than their monometallic counterparts for application in membraneless alkaline fuel cell anodes

Author: Ronit Sharabi, Marian Chatenet, Huong Doan, Yair Haim Wijsboom, Nino Borchtchoukova, Thiago Morais, Gennadi Finkelshtain, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Subjects: Alkaline fuel cell, Nanoparticle, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Catalysis, Durability, Metal, Hydrogen oxidation reaction, Bimetallic strip, Dissolution, General Environmental Science, Chemistry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Poisoning, Platinum group metal catalysts, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) are relevant for niche applications, but still require enhanced performance and lifetime. Active and durable hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts must be developed: linking their electrochemical surface area (ECSA) loss to their HOR activity and understanding whether the ECSA loss of carbonsupported platinum group metal-based (PGM/C) HOR catalysts is irreversible (nanoparticles dissolution, detachment, Ostwald ripening) or reversible is pivotal. Using identical-location transmission electron micrographs (IL-TEM) and ECSA characterizations by "CO-like" stripping undertaken pre and post accelerated stress tests (AST), the different degradation mechanisms undergone by monometallic (Pt/C and Pd/C) and bimetallic catalysts (Pd-Pt/C and Pd-Ni/C) are unveiled. Monometallic PGM/C undergo extensive reversible poisoning and irreversible degradation upon operation at low potential, in contrast to bimetallic catalysts, which are less affected. Pd-Ni exhibits the smallest loss of ECSA PGM and HOR activity: it poorly catalyzes carbon corrosion and is hardly poisoned by "CO-like" species.
Published: 2022
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24. Investigation of liquid water heterogeneities in large area PEM fuel cells using a two-phase flow multiphysics model

Author: Tardy, Erwan, Poirot, Jean-Philippe, Schott, Pascal, Morel, Christophe, Serre, Guillaume, Bultel, Yann, Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PHELMA Grenoble/Institut Polytechnique, CEA, Contributeur MAP, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA.THER] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract: International audience; The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a promising candidate for many applications particular-ly for the transportation in order to decarbonize this sector. Of the barriers, cost and durability represent two of the most significant challenges to achieving clean, reliable and cost-effective fuel cell systems. Proper management of the liquid water and heat produced in PEM fuel cells remains crucial to increase both its performance and durability. Indeed, large liquid water and temperature variations in the cell may accelerate long-term structural problems until irreversible degradation such as membrane micro-cracks (see ref.). A two-phase flow model of a large surface PEM fuel cell is developed with the commercial COMSOL Mul-tiphysics® software using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The model considers the cell as a multilayered system where each layer is accurately in-plane discretized to allow the simulation of local thermodynamics heterogeneities with a reasonable computing time. The numerical results are compared to experimental liquid water measurement obtained from neutron imaging tests in several operating conditions. According to the good agreement, the model is used to predict the distributions of current density, species concentra-tions, water content, etc. in all the components of the cell, while taking into account the real flow-field de-signs. Figure 1 shows the liquid water thickness (a) and the saturation (b) for a dedicated 3 cells stack exper-imentally tested for a high power automotive (Table 1). It appears that the liquid water accumulates at the anode Gas Diffusion Electrode (GDE) on the edges (dark red zone in Figure 1), inducing higher local current density and higher liquid water saturation in the external cathode channels, due to no-proper water convec-tion by hydrogen gas (no anode channel in front of these zones).
Published: 2021

25. Study of la(III) and Ce(III) extraction from aqueous solutions with thermomorphic ionic liquid and betaine extractant

Author: Billard, Isabelle, Papadopoulou, Styliani, Rollet, Anne-Laure, Mériguet, Guillaume, Sirieix-Plénet, Juliette, Cousin, Clément, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PHysicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe (IODE), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

26. Impact d'un vieillissement mécano-chimique ex-situ sur les membranes PFSA pour pile à combustible

Author: Robert, Mylène, El Kaddouri, Assma, Crouillere, Marie, Perrin, Jean-Christophe, Dubau, Laetitia, Dubelley, Florence, Mozet, Kevin, Daoudi, Meriem, Dillet, Jérôme, Morel, Jean-Yves, Leclerc, Sebastien, Bas, Corine, Lottin, Olivier, Genèse et Usage d'Interfaces Durables pour l'Energie (GUIDE), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lottin, Olivier
Subjects: [CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [CHIM.OTHE] Chemical Sciences/Other, [CHIM.GENI] Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, [CHIM.CATA] Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

27. Hot Deformation Behavior of a Beta Metastable TMZF Alloy: Microstructural and Constitutive Phenomenological Analysis

Author: Alberto Moreira Jorge, Claudemiro Bolfarini, Virginie Roche, Ana Paula de Bribean Guerra, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, constitutive analysis, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Flow stress, beta metastable, dynamic recovering, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Stress (mechanics), Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Hot working, 0103 physical sciences, TMZF, General Materials Science, 010302 applied physics, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, TN1-997, Strain rate, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, spinodal decomposition, Deformation mechanism, Dynamic recrystallization, Hardening (metallurgy), Deformation (engineering), 0210 nano-technology, mechanical twinning
Abstract: A metastable beta TMZF alloy was tested by isothermal compression under different conditions of deformation temperature (923 to 1173 K), strain rate (0.172, 1.72, and 17.2 s−1), and a constant strain of 0.8. Stress–strain curves, constitutive constants calculations, and microstructural analysis were performed to understand the alloy’s hot working behavior in regards to the softening and hardening mechanisms operating during deformation. The primary softening mechanism was dynamic recovery, promoting dynamic recrystallization delay during deformation at higher temperatures and low strain rates. Mechanical twinning was an essential deformation mechanism of this alloy, being observed on a nanometric scale. Spinodal decomposition evidence was found to occur during hot deformation. Different models of phenomenological constitutive equations were tested to verify the effectiveness of flow stress prediction. The stress exponent n, derived from the strain-compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive model, presented values that point to the occurrence of internal stress at the beginning of the deformation, related to complex interactions of dislocations and dispersed phases.
Published: 2021
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28. Matériaux critiques : de leur (mes)usage à leur recyclage

Author: Billard, Isabelle, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Billard, Isabelle
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2021

29. Tailoring the metallic and oxide sites of Pd/C and Ni/C catalyst for optimum Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction (HOR) and durability in alkaline media

Author: Ricardo Sgarbi, Marian Chatenet, Huong Doan, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Chatenet, Marian
Subjects: Hydrogen oxidation reaction, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Materials science, Oxide, [CHIM.CATA] Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Durability, Catalysis, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

30. Dual-layer catalyst layers for increased proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance

Author: Marian Chatenet, Laetitia Dubau, Yannick Garsany, Rachel Martin, Benjamin D. Gould, Robert W. Atkinson, Karen E. Swider-Lyons, Excet Incorporation, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C., Consortium des Moyens Technologiques Communs (CMTC), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Catalysis, law, 0502 economics and business, Gaseous diffusion, 050207 economics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 05 social sciences, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cathode, Dielectric spectroscopy, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Platinum, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; The use of a dual-layer cathode catalyst layer improves the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To generate single and dual-layer catalyst layers between the gas diffusion media and proton exchange membrane electrolyte, two commercial carbon-supported platinum catalysts with either a high microporosity carbon (Ketjen Black EC-300J) or a low porosity carbon (XC-72 Vulcan carbon) are utilized. We discovered that dual-layer cathode catalyst layers boost maximum power of fuel cells regardless of carbon porosity directionality, with either high surface area carbon at the proton exchange membrane electrolyte or gas diffusion media interface. At 25% relative humidity, a condition that generally inhibits fuel cell performance, a 20% performance boost is realized when using dual-layer cathode CLs. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate that cathodes with dual-layer catalyst layer aid in water management due to lower kinetic activity losses of the Pt and improved hydration of the proton exchange membrane electrolyte.
Published: 2021
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31. Modelling and robust control of a second life battery energy storage system

Author: Pedro V. H. Seger, Eddy Coron, Delphine Riu, Pierre-Xavier Thivel, Sylvie Genies, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), G2Elab-SYstèmes et Réseaux ELectriques (G2Elab-SYREL), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015)
Subjects: Battery (electricity), Work (thermodynamics), Control theory, Computer science, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Parameterized complexity, Robust control, Internal resistance, Battery pack, Automotive engineering, Data modeling
Abstract: International audience; With the growth of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles deployment, there is an increasing interest in the development of applications for the second life of their on-board li-ion batteries. However, modeling the ageing of these devices poses new problems, as the uncertainty around their parameters - such as the internal resistance. In this work, we propose to study the impact this ageing has on the operation of a circuit composed of a battery, filters, a DC/DC converter and a charge. For this purpose, an equivalent-circuit non-linear battery model is parameterized with experimental ageing data, so that the behaviour of a Second Life Battery Energy Storage System (SLBESS) can be accurately simulated. A robust H∞ controller is then developed, and we study its performance throughout the entire second life of our battery pack. The obtained results indicate that the controller performances are guaranteed for several operating conditions of the battery, showing that a robust control can successfully compensate the ageing impact.
Published: 2021
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32. FeNi3 and Ni-based nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for magnetically-enhanced alkaline water electrolysis

Author: Vivien Gatard, Déborah De Masi, Raphaël Chattot, Irene Mustieles Marin, Juan Manuel Asensio Revert, Pier-Francesco Fazzini, Thierry Encinas, Vincent Martin, Stéphane Faure, Jonathan Deseure, Julian Carrey, Bruno Chaudret, Marian Chatenet, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Materials science, Electrolysis of water, Hydrogen, Alkaline water electrolysis, Oxygen evolution, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Rotating disk electrode, Inductively coupled plasma, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Today, hydrogen mainly originates from fossil sources (gas, oil, and coal). Room temperature water electrolysis is an interesting alternative for renewable electricity storage, even if it is well-known that high-temperature systems are more efficient. To address this issue, we studied different non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by recording cyclic voltamperograms with a rotating disk electrode set up. Physicochemical characterizations of Ni-based and FeNi3-based catalysts were performed using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Ni synthesized by the hot injection method is a good catalyst for HER, yet still less active than Pt/C. FeNi3 with and without a Ni surface doping is very good OER catalysts, slightly better than commercial unsupported IrO2. Electrochemical tests under alternating magnetic field (AMF) using these nanoparticles are ongoing, as these materials are compatible with AMF activation.
Published: 2021
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33. Insights into the borohydride electrooxidation reaction on metallic nickel from operando FTIRS, on-line DEMS and DFT

Author: Gholamreza Rostamikia, Elena R. Savinova, Marian Chatenet, Antoine Bonnefont, Alexandr G. Oshchepkov, Michael J. Janik, Guillaume Braesch, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System
Subjects: Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Borohydride, Electrochemistry, Mass spectrometry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Density Functional Theory calculations, Borohydride oxidation reaction, polycrystalline nickel electrode, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Line (formation), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: International audience; Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells (DBFCs) are considered as promising power sources for portable and mobile applications. Their advantages are high theoretical energy density, and high theoretical cell voltage. Metallic Ni has recently emerged as a promising electrode material for DBFCs. In this work we combine electrochemical, operando Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS), and online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) measurements with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to advance the understanding of the borohydride oxidation reaction on Ni.
Published: 2021
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34. Influence of chromium concentration and partial crystallization on the corrosion resistance of FeCrNiB amorphous alloys

Author: Berger, J.E., Jorge Jr., A.M., Asato, G.H., Roche, V., Jorge, A.M., Koga, G.Y., Kiminami, C.S., Bolfarini, C., Botta, W.J., Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Salt (chemistry), 02 engineering and technology, Electrochemistry, law.invention, Corrosion, Chromium, Differential scanning calorimetry, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Crystallization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Amorphous metal, 020502 materials, Mechanical Engineering, technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Transmission electron microscopy, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The influence of chromium concentration and partial crystallization on the corrosion resistance of the FeCrNiB amorphous alloys was investigated. The samples were produced by melt-spinning equipment. Vacuum heat treatments were used for partial and total crystallization. The study methods used were: X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical tests in high salt concentration media. The results revealed that the concentration of chromium in FeCrNiB amorphous alloys could be reduced significantly, still providing passive film stability. They also show that partial crystallization of FeCrNiB alloys may not be deleterious to the corrosion properties, opening important possibilities for the development of high-performance coatings.
Published: 2021
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35. Optimization of Transports in a Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Cathode Catalyst Layer at High Current Densities: A Coupled Modeling/Imaging Approach

Author: Laure Guetaz, Mathias Gerard, M. Barreiros Salvado, Pascal Schott, Yann Bultel, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Cathode catalyst, Chemical engineering, Agglomerate, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, High current, Layer (electronics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: For PEMFC to attain sustainable commercialization, the amount of platinum (catalyst used in conventional PEMFCs) must be significantly reduced, while the performance must be improved. At high current densities, it is found that the nature of the losses is mainly mass transport related [1]. Since the catalyst layer is a highly heterogeneous composite material, understanding its structure is major in order to proceed with the optimization [2]. Therefore, in this work, an approach coupling both numerical modeling and electron microscopy characterization is adopted. An agglomerate/pore-scale model is developed and coupled with a MEA-scale model [3]. The model includes a description of the ionic and gas transport, plus the oxygen reduction reaction under a classical Butler-Volmer formulation. Multiple agglomerate structures are reproduced on the basis of a multiscale characterization setup. From 2-nm isotropic resolution FIB-SEM images, the carbon phase arrangement is built, while from HAADF-STEM a representative platinum particle size histogram is extracted and the particles are distributed on the surface of the carbon particles accordingly. On the HRTEM images, it is possible to observe the Nafion thin film covering the Pt/C agglomerates, and therefore, an average layer thickness can be extracted from these. The local pore size distribution is then obtained using the method of maximum sphere inscription [4], which allows to then determine the local gas diffusivities through the computation of local Knudsen diffusion coefficients. The agglomerate scale structures are upscaled to the catalyst layer scale through a mirroring procedure along the catalyst layer thickness, allowing therefore to analyze the cathode catalyst layer performance for different structure arrangements. In this work, the influence of the operating conditions and of certain structural aspects is analyzed: namely the Pt particle size, carbon aggregate size and Nafion layer thickness. It is found that decreasing the Pt particle size leads to a performance improvement since it is expected that more surface is available for the electrochemical reactions to take place. Still, the improvement margin is dependent on the Pt particle spatial distribution since particles located in zones having large Nafion agglomerates and low Nafion/pore contact simultaneously are found to severely underperform when comparing to particles located in other regions. Increasing the carbon aggregate size is found to be highly detrimental for the overall performance, even though an improved electrical contact is ensured. Such performance decay is linked to the large oxygen concentration drop that arises mainly from the porosity reduction, and to a certain extent, from the mean pore size reduction and the pore tortuosity increase. The Nafion layer thickness parametrization requires a more complex analysis since there is a delicate trade-off that must be explored in the sense that it is highly structure-dependent. On the one hand, an improvement in the ionic conductivity is expected upon increasing the Nafion layer thickness, though on the other hand, an increased resistance to oxygen diffusion is also expected. This trade-off is explored and discussed along with the introduction of the Nafion swelling effect, which is surprisingly not explored in the literature, neither on agglomerate/pore-scale models, nor macroscale models. It is found that increasing the Nafion layer thickness is detrimental for performance only when the porosity is not high enough. To complement the analysis, 'close-to-ideal' structures are built while holding the composition of the reference structures (i.e. electron microscopy based structures). It is found that these idealized structures lead to large performance improvements, showing that there is still much ground for further improvements on the PEMFC cathode catalyst layer. References: [1] J. Benziger, E. Kimball, R. Mejia-Ariza, and I. Kevrekidis. Oxygen mass transport limitations at the cathode of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. AIChE, 57(9):2505-2517, 2010. [2] M.B. Sassin, Y. Garsany, R.W. Atkinson III, R.M.E. Hjelm, and K.E. Swider-Lyons. Understanding the interplay between cathode catalyst layer porosity and thickness on transport limitations en route to high-performance pemfcs. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 44(31):16944-16955, 2019. [3] B. Randrianarizafy, P. Schott, M. Chandesris, M. Gerard, and Y. Bultel. Design optimization of rib/channel patterns in a pemfc through performance heterogeneities modelling. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 43(18):8907-8926, 2018. [4] V. Novak, F. Stepanek, P. Koci, M. Marek, and M. Kubicek. Evaluation of local pore sizes and transport properties in porous catalysts. Chem. Eng. Sci., 65(7):2352-2360, 2010. Figure 1
Published: 2021
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36. Thin Tantalum Film Electrodeposition from an Ionic Liquid—Influence of Substrate Nature, Electrolyte Temperature and Electrochemical Parameters on Deposits’ Quality

Author: Lenka Svecova, Maguy Nahra, Eric Chainet, Nicolas Sergent, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Matériaux Interfaces ELectrochimie (MIEL)
Subjects: Materials science, Tantalum, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Electrolysis, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Tantalum pentafluoride, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Ionic liquid, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; This paper discusses the feasibility of tantalum electrodeposition carried out under potential control from 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(triﬂuoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMPyr][TFSI] room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte containing tantalum pentaﬂuoride (TaF5). The inﬂuence of electrode nature, electrolyte temperature and electrolysis duration on the morphology, the adherence, the thickness and the crystalline properties of tantalum deposits is reported. The obtained tantalum deposits are analyzed by SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and XPS surface analytical techniques. Pulsed potential electrodeposition is investigated in order to enhance deposit properties. Post electrodeposition thermal treatments are also reported.
Published: 2021
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37. Corrosion behaviour of biomedical β-titanium alloys with the surface-modified by chemical etching and electrochemical methods

Author: Leonardo Contri Campanelli, Alberto Moreira Jorge Junior, Virginie Roche, Cesar Adolfo Escobar Claros, Claudemiro Bolfarini, Jean-Claude Leprêtre, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Matériaux Interfaces ELectrochimie (MIEL)
Subjects: Materials science, Passivation, Anodizing, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Simulated body fluid, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, Isotropic etching, Dielectric spectroscopy, Corrosion, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Chemical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, engineering, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: This work studied the corrosion behaviour of Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe alloy with different surface conditions: untreated and chemically treated (CST), anodised nanotubes (Nt) and nanopores (NP). These samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 7, and 14 days. Samples with Nt and NP displayed higher corrosion resistance and lower passivation current (ipass) than untreated and CST samples after 14 days resting in SBF. Furthermore, traditional equivalent circuits and a new two-channel transmission line model were employed to efficiently simulate the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data of the different surface conditions.
Published: 2021
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38. A HNO 3 ‐Responsive Aqueous Biphasic System for Metal Separation: Application towards Ce IV Recovery

Author: Nicolas Schaeffer, Paula Brandão, Silvia J. R. Vargas, João A. P. Coutinho, Papaiconomou, Lenka Svecova, Helena Passos, Helena I. S. Nogueira, Center for Research in Ceramic and Composite Materials (CICECO), Universidade de Aveiro, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Metal, Transition metal, Hydrometallurgy, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aqueous solution, Hydride, Extraction (chemistry), Self-assembly, Electronic waste, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, Metal separation, Nickel, General Energy, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Leaching (metallurgy), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: An acidic aqueous biphasic system (AcABS) presenting a desired and reversible phase transition with HNO3 concentration and temperature was developed herein as an integrated platform for metal separation. The simple, economical, and fully incinerable (C,H,O,N) AcABS composed of tetrabutylammonium nitrate ([N4444][NO3])+HNO3 +H2O was characterized and presented an excellent selectivity towards CeIV against other rare earth elements and transition metals from both synthetic solutions and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery leachates. The acid-driven self-assembly of AcABS bridges the gap between traditional ABS and liquid-liquid extraction whilst retaining their advantageous qualities, including compatibility with highly acidic solutions, water as the primary system component, the avoidance of organic diluents, rapid mass transfer, and the potential integration of the leaching and separation steps. published
Published: 2021
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39. Imaging Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst Stability and Decoupling Degradation Mechanisms in Operating Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Author: Isaac Martens, Tim Starr, Nicolas Martinez, Janne Pusa, Alan Coelho, Arnaud Morin, Simon D. M. Jacques, Laetitia Dubau, Sandrine Lyonnard, Frédéric Maillard, David P. Wilkinson, Veijo Honkimäki, Dan Bizzotto, Elizabeth A. Fisher, Jakub Drnec, Raphaël Chattot, Sylvie Escribano, Antonis Vamvakeros, Maria Valeria Blanco, Tristan Asset, Fabrice Micoud, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), University College of London [London] (UCL), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), University of British Columbia (UBC), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Independent Researcher, Coelho software, Finden Limited, Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), ILL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES)
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Materials science, Nanostructure, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrocatalyst, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Durability, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Fuel Technology, Chemical engineering, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Hydrogen fuel, Materials Chemistry, Energy transformation, Degradation (geology), 0210 nano-technology, Decoupling (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; Proliferation of hydrogen fuel cell systems is hindered by degradation of the platinum catalyst. Here, we provide a device level assessment of the catalyst degradation phenomena and its coupling to nanoscale hydration gradients, using advanced operando X-ray scattering tomography tailored for device-scale imaging. Gradients formed inside the fuel cell produce heterogeneous degradation of the catalyst nanostructure, which can be linked to the flow field design and water distribution in the cell. Striking differences in catalyst degradation are observed between operating fuel cell devices and the liquid cell routinely used for catalyst stability studies, highlighting the crucial impact of the complex operating environment on the catalyst degradation phenomena. This degradation knowledge gap accentuates the necessity of multimodal, in situ characterization of real devices when assessing the performance and durability of electrocatalysts, and more generally, electrochemically active phases used in energy conversion and storage technologies.
Published: 2021
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40. Recyclage du Pt à partir des piles à combustible PEMFC

Author: Svecova, Lenka, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Svecova, Lenka
Subjects: [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

41. Fe-N-Carbon aerogel catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Author: Ge, Hongxin, Jaouen, Frederic, Bibent, Nicolas, Kumar, Kavita, Dubau, Laetitia, Maillard, Frédéric, Berthon-Fabry, Sandrine, Centre Procédés, Énergies Renouvelables, Systèmes Énergétiques (PERSEE), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR, ANR-19-CE05-0039,ANIMA,Aérogels de carbone poreux dopés à l'azote et avec des métaux abondants pour des assemblages membrane-électrodes efficaces et durables(2019), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: oxygen reduction reaction, non-precious metal catalysts, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
Abstract: International audience; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)s are an excellent energy conversion device for wide application of hydrogen, especially for portable or transportation applications. To reduce the total cost of these devices, non-precious-metal catalysts (NPMCs) have shown promises in replacing platinum-based catalysts. Among NPMCs, iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) catalysts subclass are the most mature. These catalysts are based on nitrogen (N) coordinated iron (Fe) ions embedded in a carbon (C) matrix acting as catalytically active centers. Numerous studies have focused on promoting their catalytic performance towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, such materials remain less performant than carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/C), leading to ca. 3-10 times thicker cathodes, and associated mass transport limitations.Carbon aerogels are ideal candidates to synthesize Fe-N-C catalysts with tuneable mass transport properties thanks to their tridimensional open texture, tailored pore size distribution from micro to macropores and their good electrical conductivity. Herein, we show the promises of Fe-N-C aerogels synthesized a “one pot” sol-gel method comprising formation of a Fe-doped resorcinol (R)-formaldehyde (F)-melamine (M) hydrogel, and followed by carbon dioxide (CO2) supercritical drying, and high temperature pyrolysis under N2 and NH3 atmosphere. By introducing ligands in the synthesis mixture, we modified the chemical environment of the Fe precursor. The resulting changes in morphology, ORR activity and mass transport properties are investigated a rotating disk electrode (RDE) set-up and a PEMFC device.
Published: 2021

42. Defect propagation at the anode in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Author: Touhami, Salah, Crouillere, Marie, Barboza-da-silva, Helen, Mainka, Julia, Dillet, Jérôme, Nayoze-Coynel, Christine, Bas, Corine, Dubau, Laetitia, Kaddouri, Assma El, Dubelley, Florence, Druart, Florence, CAUFFET , GILLES, Chatenet, Marian, Rosini, Sébastien, Bultel, Yann, Micoud, Fabrice, Lionel, Flandin, Chadebec, Olivier, Lottin, Olivier, Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genèse et Usage d'Interfaces Durables pour l'Energie (GUIDE), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), G2Elab-Electronique de puissance (G2Elab-EP), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Charvin, Nicolas
Subjects: [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience; Defaults propagation in Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEA) of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) was investigated through an Accelerated Stress Test (AST) consisting load (and thus potential) cycling, load driven RH cycling and Open Circuit Voltage. Customized MEA without and with several defects at the anode Catalyst Layer (CL), i.e. lack or over thickness, at two different locations (near the hydrogen inlet or near the hydrogen outlet) were fabricated and subjected to the AST. Electrochemical characterization was performed periodically using a segmented cell which allows to follow the evolution of the cell performance, as well as anode and cathode and ElectroChemical Surface Area (ECSA) over the test period with a spatial resolution along the gas channels. The primary results indicate a significant impact of the default on the aging rates in all cases, as well as a significant impact on the default location in the case of the MEA with a default of the anode CL near the hydrogen inlet: we observed a default propagation along the hydrogen flow direction monitored through the evolution of local ECSA and its standard variation between the beginning and the end of the test. The segments neighboring the defect seemed more affected than the others. No significant impact was evidenced however when the default was located near the anode outlet. These observations were completed by post-mortem analysis of the membrane following the AST: the MEA with a lack of anode CL evidenced thinning of the PFSA layer on the cathode side near the location of the default.
Published: 2021

43. S4 - Cristallographie in situ, operando

Author: Atlan, Clément, Martens, Isaac, Dupraz, Maxime, Eymery, J., Maillard, Frédéric, Chatelier, Corentin, Richard, Marie‐ingrid, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and European Project: 818823,CARINE
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Les nanoparticules de Pt et leurs alliages sont fréquemment utilisés comme catalyseurs dans un grand nombre de processus (électro)-chimiques. Comprendre comment la structure de ces catalyseurs évolue en cours de réaction est un défi majeur pour optimiser leur performance et activité catalytique. Grâce à la haute cohérence des rayons X obtenus en milieu synchrotron et de par leur nature non destructive, l'imagerie par diffraction cohérente des rayons X permet de cartographier in situ, operando (en cours d'opération) et en 3D la réponse structurelle de nanoparticules uniques (déplacement, contraintes, forme, défauts etc.). L'évolution du champ de déplacement est ainsi directement mesurable en cours de réaction électrochimique (i.e., en faisant varier le potentiel d'électrode) ou encore dans des milieux différents (pour différentes électrolytes). Ici, nous présentons l'utilisation de cette technique qui permet de suivre l'évolution en 3D de la déformation d'une nanoparticule de Pt (cf. Figure) durant une réaction d'oxydation (Oxygen Evolution Reaction). Cela permet d'élucider les effets de déformation entre différents types de facettes, arêtes et coins ; ce qui ne pouvait être obtenu avec des surfaces modèles monocristallines.
Published: 2021

44. Modeling of the two-phase transport in PEM fuel cell

Author: Tardy, Erwan, Poirot, Jean-Philippe, Schott, Pascal, Morel, Christophe, Serre, Guillaume, Chandesris, Marion, Bultel, Yann, Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation
Abstract: International audience; The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a promising candidate for many applications, either stationary or transportation. Of the many barriers, cost and durability represent two of the most significant challenges to achieving clean, reliable and cost-effective fuel cell systems. Effective management of the liquid water and heat produced in PEM fuel cells remains crucial to increase both its performance and durability. Indeed, significant liquid water and temperature variations over the cell surface area and among the cells may accelerate long-term structural problems such as micro-cracks in the membrane.A two-phase multi-component model of a PEM fuel cell is developed. The model considers the cell as a multilayered system and each layer is accurately in-plane discretized to allow the simulation of local temperature and species heterogeneities, including liquid water. The objective of the model is the prediction of the distributions of current density, species concentrations, water content and temperature in all the components of the cell, while taking into account the real flow-field designs. The model can be compared to experimental temperature and current density data and liquid water measurement obtained from neutron imaging tests in several operating conditions. Currently, the model is starting to deliver some results, which will be analyzed shortly but the calculation time is relatively long. Indeed, the 2-fluid model is complex since the transfer of mass, momentum and energy from one phase to another are implemented in the model. Therefore, it is necessary to find the appropriate closure laws, which are still widely discussed in the literature. In addition, the closure laws have a significant impact on the convergence of the model and the accuracy of the results.
Published: 2021

45. From first to second life of lithium-ion batteries study

Author: Coron, Eddy, Geniès, Sylvie, Cugnet, Mikael, Thivel, Pierre-Xavier, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and THIVEL, Pierre-Xavier
Subjects: [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Lithium - ion, [CHIM.GENI] Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering
Abstract: International audience; Second life of lithium-ion batteries is under investigation because it could be economically and environmentally profitable. However, the second life longevity of electric vehicles aged cells depends on aging parameters, as well as the state of health (SOH) shift point between first and second life. In this study, it has been set to 80 %, and two different cycling temperatures applied to two different references of 18650-format cells were tested as a first life aging. Periodical electrochemical check-ups allowed the monitoring of pulse resistance,incremental capacity analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At the end of their first life, some cells were dismantled for visual and SEM inspections. It revealed in numerous cases the occurrence of lithium plating at the negative electrode, especially after aging at low temperature. Thicknesses, weights and electrochemical measurements of both electrodes confirmed this observation. Accelerated rate calorimetry (ARC) indicated the thermal safety degradations induced by the lithium plating. Similar aged cells were kept for a softer second life aging, with a reduced cycling rate. The over-aging longevity appeared to be depending on the first life, i.e. on the degradation mechanism. The occurrence of lithium plating seems to be tolerable only if its extension is limited.
Published: 2021

46. Optimization of Sr-90 precipitation in nitric acid using experiment design and speciation modeling for radioactive waste characterization

Author: Billard, Isabelle, Baudat, Emilie, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Billard, Isabelle
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.RADIO] Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

47. Study of lithium batteries ageing in aeronautics applications for second life purposes

Author: Podetti, Gerardo, Yetim, Delphine, Svecova, Lenka, Thivel, Pierre-Xavier, Lepretre, Jean-Claude, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Matériaux Interfaces ELectrochimie (MIEL), and Svecova, Lenka
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

48. Formation of self-ordered oxide nanotubes layer on the equiatomic TiNbZrHfTa high entropy alloy and bioactivation procedure

Author: J.E. Berger, Alberto Moreira Jorge, Virginie Roche, G.H. Asato, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, Simulated body fluid, Alloy, Nucleation, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ultimate tensile strength, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Composite material, Polarization (electrochemistry), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, engineering, Surface modification, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The TiNbZrHfTa high entropy alloy was studied for its use as a base material for orthopedic implants. The alloy produced by arc melting contains only biocompatible elements and has an attractive combination of mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 1050 MPa and Young's modulus of 66 GPa. Surface modification techniques were carried out to bioactivate the alloy surface, ensuring better interaction between the implanted material and the human body. The first technique was the anodization in an organic electrolyte, containing F- ions in different potentials and time, obtaining the best condition at 10 V potential for 2 h at 20 °C, producing an ordered and adherent nanotubular morphology to the substrate. The second technique was precalcification. Using the alternation immersion method (AIM), the saturation and nucleation of Ca-P deposits were guaranteed, providing high deposition rates of hydroxyapatite (HAP) when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. Structural characterizations were performed by XRD and XPS. Morphological analyses were performed by SEM and chemical semi-quantitative analyses by EDX. Corrosion resistance properties were performed through polarization and impedance curves. The TiNbZrHfTa high entropy alloy proved to be a competitive and attractive candidate in the research for new compositions to replace conventional alloys, having biocompatibility, high strength, and low Young's modulus, reducing stress shielding effects and showing good bioactivity characteristics through the surface modification techniques presented here.
Published: 2021
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49. Stratégies d’utilisation de bio hydrogène pour la technologie PEMFC : Utilisation directe, purification, compression

Author: Kamara, Konakpo, Druart, Florence, Deseure, Jonathan, Svecova, Lenka, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Svecova, Lenka
Subjects: [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

50. Procédés de recyclage de matériaux de piles à combustible

Author: Guillet, François, Chatenet, Marian, Druart, Florence, Dubau, Laetitia, Svecova, Lenka, Duclos, Lucien, Chattot, Raphaël, Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Svecova, Lenka
Subjects: [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

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