Direct borohydride fuel cells: A selected review of their reaction mechanisms, electrocatalysts, and influence of operating parameters on their performance

International audience; Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFC) oxidize an easily-stored energy-dense borohydride fuel (sodium borohydride: NaBH4), that in theory reacts ca. 400 mV below H2 and produce 8 electrons per BH4anion. However, the borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) does not fully meet these promises in practice: the electrocatalyst nature, structure and state-of-surface, and the operating conditions (pH, BH4concentration, temperature, fluxes) noticeably influence the BOR kinetics and mechanism. Nickel and platinum-based catalysts both have assets for the BOR. DBFCs can only yield decent performance if their separator combines high ionconductivity and efficient separation of the reactants; cation-exchange membranes, anionexchange membranes, bipolar membranes and porous separators all have their own advantages and drawbacks. Besides the anode, the choice of separator must consider the DBFC cathode reaction, where oxygen (air) or hydrogen peroxide are reduced, provided adapted catalysts are used. All these aspects drive the DBFC performance and stability/durability.