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13,537 results on '"[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology"'

1. Uranium-tolerant soil bacteria protect Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth in a uranium pollution context

Author: Adrien, Galeone, Devime, Fabienne, Chapon, Virginie, Merroun, Mohamed, Alban, Claude, Ravanel, Stéphane, Bourguignon, Jacques, Plantes, Stress & Métaux (MetalStress), Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Biologie végétale et microbiologie environnementale - UMR7265 (BVME), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Interactions Protéine Métal (IPM), University of Granada, ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), and European Project: 900009,RadoNorm project
Subjects: Accumulation, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant-bacteria interactions, Uranyl nitrate Microbacterium sp. ViU2A Stenotrophomonas bentonitica Accumulation Plant-bacteria interactions, Microbacterium sp. ViU2A, Stenotrophomonas bentonitica, Uranyl nitrate
Abstract: We investigated the impact of uranium (U) on Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination and on the early stages of seedling development. Using an in vitro device, we demonstrated that uranyl ion had a very low impact on Arabidopsis seed germination but had a drastic effect on the development of Arabidopsis seedlings. We showed that the two soil bacterial strains Microbacterium sp. ViU2A and Stenotrophomonas bentonitica BII-R7, which are able to tolerate high concentrations of U, strongly reduced the toxic effects of the metal on the seedling development. This protective effect is specific to these soil bacteria, as E. coli was not able to protect seedlings. The analysis of the distribution of U between Arabidopsis seedlings and soil bacteria showed that the protective effect of the bacteria was due to their ability to sequester U either by biosorption at the level of the cell surface and/or by intracellular or extracellular biomineralization.This study reveals that these bacteria are very good candidates for use in phytoremediation strategies in the case of phytostabilisation of U-polluted soils. They would be also useful to limit the contamination of the food chain by U because they would limit the entry of this toxic element in crop plants.
Published: 2023

2. Deciphering plant resilience mechanisms to face the multiple disease challenge in fruit trees

Author: Serrie, Marie, Ribeyre, Fabienne, Brun, Laurent, Audergon, Jean-Marc, Quilot-Turion, Bénédicte, Roth, Morgane, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité Expérimentale de Recherches Intégrées en Production Fruitière (UERI), Agropolis Fundation (ID 2002-230)BAP INRAE Department, Maud Tenaillon, and Christophe Robaglia
Subjects: Disease resilience, Plant immunity, Sustainability, Biotic stress, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Multi-disease challenge, Fruit trees, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; As perennial plants, fruit trees must cope, individually, with the fluctuating threat of multiple pathogens over the years. In this long-lasting battle for plant immunity, disease resilience is emerging as a key mechanism for tree survival and fitness. More fundamental research is required to improve our understanding of disease resilience mechanisms, which in turn could be particularly relevant for a more sustainable fruit production. As this approach is novel for that field, we propose i) a clear definition of resilience for fruit producing trees, ii) a methodology for studying its phenotypic components which requires repeated measures of “resilience biomarkers”, iii) to decipher the genetic architecture of resilience components, and iv) an innovative strategy based on high-throughput phenotyping and genomics for identifying resilient genotypes. All in all, disease resilience appears as a meaningful breeding perspective in a context of unprecedented plant protection restrictions.
Published: 2023

3. Spatio-temporal analysis of strawberry architecture: insights into the control of branching and inflorescence complexity

Author: Marc Labadie, Karine Guy, Marie-Noëlle Demené, Yves Caraglio, Gaetan Heidsieck, Amelia Gaston, Christophe Rothan, Yann Guédon, Christophe Pradal, Béatrice Denoyes, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Invenio, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: plant architecture, Physiology, OpenAlea, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], branching, multiscale tree graph, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant Science, Fragaria × ananassa, hidden hybrid Markov/semi-Markov chain
Abstract: Plant architecture plays a major role in flowering and therefore in crop yield. Attempts to visualize and analyse strawberry plant architecture have been few to date. Here, we developed open-source software combining two- and three-dimensional representations of plant development over time along with statistical methods to explore the variability in spatio-temporal development of plant architecture in cultivated strawberry. We applied this software to six seasonal strawberry varieties whose plants were exhaustively described monthly at the node scale. Results showed that the architectural pattern of the strawberry plant is characterized by a decrease of the module complexity between the zeroth-order module (primary crown) and higher-order modules (lateral branch crowns and extension crowns). Furthermore, for each variety, we could identify traits with a central role in determining yield, such as date of appearance and number of branches. By modeling the spatial organization of axillary meristem fate on the zeroth-order module using a hidden hybrid Markov/semi-Markov mathematical model, we further identified three zones with different probabilities of production of branch crowns, dormant buds, or stolons. This open-source software will be of value to the scientific community and breeders in studying the influence of environmental and genetic cues on strawberry architecture and yield.
Published: 2023

4. ASYNAPSIS 1 ensures crossover fidelity in polyploid wheat by promoting homologous recombination and suppressing non-homologous recombination

Author: Di Dio, Chiara, Serra, Heïdi, Sourdille, Pierre, Higgins, James, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Department of Plant Sciences (Cambridge, UK), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and European Project: 765212,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2017
Subjects: chromosomes, synapsis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], introgression, meiosis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, chiasma, chromosomes chiasma homoeologous meiosis synapsis introgression, Plant Science, homoeologous
Abstract: During meiosis, the chromosome axes and synaptonemal complex mediate chromosome pairing and homologous recombination to maintain genomic stability and accurate chromosome segregation. In plants, ASYNAPSIS 1 (ASY1) is a key component of the chromosome axis that promotes inter-homolog recombination, synapsis and crossover formation. Here, the function of ASY1 has been cytologically characterized in a series of hypomorphic wheat mutants. In tetraploid wheat, asy1 hypomorphic mutants experience a reduction in chiasmata (crossovers) in a dosage-specific manner, resulting in failure to maintain crossover (CO) assurance. In mutants with only one functional copy of ASY1, distal chiasmata are maintained at the expense of proximal and interstitial chiasmata, indicating that ASY1 is required to promote chiasma formation away from the chromosome ends. Meiotic prophase I progression is delayed in asy1 hypomorphic mutants and is arrested in asy1 null mutants. In both tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, single asy1 mutants exhibit a high degree of ectopic recombination between multiple chromosomes at metaphase I. To explore the nature of the ectopic recombination, Triticum turgidum asy1b-2 was crossed with wheat-wild relative Aegilops variabilis. Homoeologous chiasmata increased 3.75-fold in Ttasy1b-2/Ae. variabilis compared to wild type/Ae. variabilis, indicating that ASY1 suppresses chiasma formation between divergent, but related chromosomes. These data suggest that ASY1 promotes recombination along the chromosome arms of homologous chromosomes whilst suppressing recombination between non-homologous chromosomes. Therefore, asy1 mutants could be utilized to increase recombination between wheat wild relatives and elite varieties for expediting introgression of important agronomic traits.
Published: 2023

5. Natural genetic variation underlying the negative effect of elevated CO2 on ionome composition in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author: Cassan, Oceane, Pimpare, Lea-Lou, Timothy, Mozzanino, Fizames, Cecile, Devidal, Sebastien, Roux, Fabrice, Milcu, Alexandru, Lebre, Sophie, Gojon, Alain, Martin, Antoine, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: The elevation of atmospheric CO2 leads to a decline in the plant mineral content, which poses a major threat to food security in the coming decades. To date, very few genes have been identified as having a role in the negative effect of elevated CO2 on plant mineral composition. Yet, several studies have shown a certain degree of diversity in the ionome's response to elevated CO2, associated with genotypic variation. This suggests the existence of genetic factors controlling the effect of CO2 on ionome composition. However, no large-scale studies have been carried out to date to explore the genetic diversity of the ionome responses to elevated CO2. Here, we used six hundred Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, representing geographical distributions ranging from worldwide to regional and local environments, to analyze the natural genetic variation underlying the negative effect of elevated CO2 on the ionome composition in plants. We show that the growth under elevated CO2 leads to a global and important decrease of the ionome content whatever the geographic distribution of the population. We also observed a high range of genetic diversity in the response of the ionome composition to elevated CO2, and we identified sub-populations, showing effects on their ionome ranging from the most pronounced to resilience or even to a benefit in response to elevated CO2. Using genome-wide association mapping on the response of each mineral element to elevated CO2 or on integrative traits, we identified a large set of QTLs and genes associated with the ionome response to elevated CO2. Finally, we demonstrate that manipulating the function of one of these genes can mitigate the negative effect of elevated CO2 on the plant mineral composition. Therefore, this resource will contribute to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the negative effect of elevated CO2 on the mineral composition of plants, and to the development of biofortified crops adapted to a high-CO2 world.
Published: 2023

6. Protein abundance in the midgut of wild tsetse flies ( Glossina palpalis palpalis ) naturally infected by Trypanosoma congolense s.l

Author: Tsagmo, Jean Marc, Njiokou, Flobert, Dziedziech, Alexis, Rofidal, Valerie, Hem, Sonia, Geiger, Anne, Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Yaoundé I, Biologie cellulaire des Trypanosomes - Trypanosome Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Recherche sur les Filarioses et autres Maladies Tropicales - Centre for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical Diseases [Yaoundé] (CRFilMT), ARTS fellowship from the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Région Languedoc-Roussillon-Appel d‧Offre «Chercheur d‧Avenir 2011
Subjects: trypanosomiasis, natural fly infection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, vector competence control, tsetse fly, differential protein expression
Abstract: International audience; Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are major vectors of African trypanosomes, causing either Human or Animal African Trypanosomiasis (HAT or AAT). Several approaches have been developed to control the disease, among which is the anti-vector Sterile Insect Technique. Another approach to anti-vector strategies could consist of controlling the fly's vector competence through hitherto unidentified regulatory factors (genes, proteins, biological pathways, etc.). The present work aims to evaluate the protein abundance in the midgut of wild tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis palpalis) naturally infected by Trypanosoma congolense s.l. Infected and non-infected flies were sampled in two HAT/AAT foci in Southern Cameroon. After dissection, the proteomes from the guts of parasite-infected flies were compared to that of uninfected flies to identify quantitative and/or qualitative changes associated with infection. Among the proteins with increased abundance were fructose-1,6-biphosphatase, membrane trafficking proteins, death proteins (or apoptosis proteins) and SERPINs (inhibitor of serine proteases, enzymes considered as trypanosome virulence factors) that displayed the highest increased abundance. The present study, together with previous proteomic and transcriptomic studies on the secretome of trypanosomes from tsetse fly gut extracts, provides data to be explored in further investigations on, for example, mammal host immunisation or on fly vector competence modification via para-transgenic approaches.
Published: 2023

7. BoostCrop: from biomass to molecular heaters for plant protection via green chemistry

Author: Flourat, Amandine, Allais, Florent, Stavros, Vasilios, Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, Department of Chemistry [University of Warwick], University of Warwick [Coventry], and European Project: 828753,Boostcrop
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], molecular heaters, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, UV absorbance
Abstract: International audience; The ambitious BoostCrop project aims to reduce yield losses due to cold stress, extend growth seasons and the geographical locations suitable for agriculture, increase crop yield at high crop density and, concomitantly, reduce greenhouse energy costs, adressing two major challenges (1) food safety and (2) biomass availlability to bioeconomy. Herein, synthesis and characterization of molecular heaters, molecules with the ability to convert light to heat, were presented.
Published: 2023

8. AraDiv: a dataset of functional traits and leaf hyperspectral reflectance of Arabidopsis thaliana

Author: Maria Stefania Przybylska, Cyrille Violle, Denis Vile, J. F. Scheepens, Benoit Lacombe, Xavier Le Roux, Lisa Perrier, Lou Sales-Mabily, Mariette Laumond, Mariona Vinyeta, Pierre Moulin, Gregory Beurier, Lauriane Rouan, Denis Cornet, François Vasseur, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Agence National de la Recherche (ANR, European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant Project 'Ecophysiological and biophysical constraints on domestication in crop plants' (Grant ERC-StG-2014- 639706-CONSTRAINTS, European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant Project 'PHENOVIGOUR' (Grant ERC-StG-2020-949843), ANR-17-CE02-0018,AraBreed,Exploration des réponses évolutives des plantes à des changements environnementaux à la lumière des théories écologiques : un test expérimental chez l'espèce modèle Arabidopsis thaliana(2017), and European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Library and Information Sciences, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Computer Science Applications, Education, Information Systems
Abstract: Data from functional trait databases have been increasingly used to address questions related to plant diversity and trait-environment relationships. However, such databases provide intraspecific data that combine individual records obtained from distinct populations at different sites and, hence, environmental conditions. This prevents distinguishing sources of variation (e.g., genetic-based variation vs. phenotypic plasticity), a necessary condition to test for adaptive processes and other determinants of plant phenotypic diversity. Consequently, individual traits measured under common growing conditions and encompassing within-species variation across the occupied geographic range have the potential to leverage trait databases with valuable data for functional and evolutionary ecology. Here, we recorded 16 functional traits and leaf hyperspectral reflectance (NIRS) data for 721 widely distributed Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions grown in a common garden experiment. These data records, together with meteorological variables obtained during the experiment, were assembled to create the AraDiv dataset. AraDiv is a comprehensive dataset of A. thaliana’s intraspecific variability that can be explored to address questions at the interface of genetics and ecology.
Published: 2023

9. 13C measurements and positional approaches with GC-MS: method validation and applications to plant 13C-labeled experiments

Author: Dellero, Younes, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Projet IB2021_TRICYCLE financé par le département Biologie et Amélioration des Plantes de l'INRAE, and Réseau Francophone de Métabolomique et de Fluxomique (RFMF)
Subjects: [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: International audience; Analysis of plant metabolite 13C-enrichments with gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has gain interest over the last years, due to the ease of its implementation and the ability to combine information from multiple fragments of a same metabolite. However, measurement of carbon isotopologue distribution (CID) by GC-MS can be prone to analytical and matrix biases, that could be further enhanced with positional approaches (combination of multiples errors). Here, we took advantage of tailor-made 13C-Pascal Triangle standards, harbouring known CIDs and positional 13C-enrichments, to evaluate the reliability of GC-MS measurements and positional approaches for TMS-derivatives of organic and amino acids. Overall, we successfully validated the accuracy of the method, but some important biases were identified for proline, valine and threonine. Conversely, positional approaches were essentially validated for glycine and serine and questioned the wide application of such methodology without a preliminary validation step. Finally, we applied this method to explore the regulation of plant central carbon metabolism under dark and light conditions, by performing incorporation kinetics of U-13C-pyruvate and U-13C-glucose into Brassica napus leaf discs for up to 6 hours. The results showed interesting isotopic patterns related to the regulation of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and its phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase anaplerotic pathway, and the photorespiratory-dependent biosynthesis of serine.
Published: 2023

10. The decoupled evolution of the organellar genomes of Silene nutans leads to distinct roles in the speciation process

Author: Zoé Postel, Daniel B. Sloan, Sophie Gallina, Cécile Godé, Eric Schmitt, Sophie Mangenot, Laurence Drouard, Jean‐Stéphane Varré, Pascal Touzet, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physiology, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant Science
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

11. Non thermal 2.45 GHz electromagnetic exposure causes rapid changes in Arabidopsis thaliana metabolism

Author: Alexis Porcher, Sébastien Girard, Pierre Bonnet, Raphaël Rouveure, Vincent Guérin, Françoise Paladian, Alain Vian, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Direction Régionale de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt de la région Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (DRAAF BFC), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes (UR TSCF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Pascal (IP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne)
Subjects: Physiology, Non-thermal, Stress-marker genes, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant Science, Hydrogen peroxide, Agronomy and Crop Science, Electromagnetic exposure
Abstract: International audience; Numerous studies report different types of responses following exposure of plants to high frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF). While this phenomenon is related to tissue heating in animals, the situation is much less straightforward in plants where metabolic changes seem to occur without tissue temperature increase. We have set up an exposure system allowing reliable measurements of tissue heating (using a reflectometric probe and thermal imaging) after a long exposure (30 min) to an electromagnetic field of 2.45 GHz transmitted through a horn antenna (about 100 V m−1 at the plant level). We did not observe any heating of the tissues, but we detected rapid increases (60 min) in the accumulation of transcripts of stress-related genes (TCH1 and ZAT12 transcription factor) or involved in ROS metabolism (RBOHF and APX1). At the same time, the amounts of hydrogen peroxide and dehydroascorbic acid increased while glutathione (reduced and oxidized forms), ascorbic acid, and lipid peroxidation remained stable. Therefore, our results unambiguously show that molecular and biochemical responses occur rapidly (within 60min) in plants after exposure to an electromagnetic field, in absence of tissue heating.
Published: 2023

12. The receptor kinase FERONIA regulates phosphatidylserine localization at the cell surface to modulate ROP signaling

Author: Smokvarska, Marija, Bayle, Vincent, Maneta-Peyret, Lilly, Fouillen, Laetitia, Poitout, Arthur, Dongois, Armelle, Fiche, Jean-Bernard, Gronnier, Julien, Garcia, José, Höfte, Herman, Nolmann, Marcelo, Zipfel, Cyril, Maurel, Christophe, Moreau, Patrick, Jaillais, Yvon, Martiniere, Alexandre, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme Bordeaux Metabolome, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB-MetaboHUB, Centre de Biologie Structurale [Montpellier] (CBS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Plant and Microbial Biology [Zurich, Suisse], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas), The Sainsbury Laboratory [Norwich] (TSL), ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), University of Zurich, and Martiniere, Alexandre
Subjects: 1000 Multidisciplinary, phosphatidylserine, Multidisciplinary, 10126 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 580 Plants (Botany), 10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, FERONIA, Fer
Abstract: International audience; Cells maintain a constant dialog between the extracellular matrix and their plasma membrane to fine tune signal transduction processes. We found that the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER), which is a proposed cell wall sensor, modulates phosphatidylserine plasma membrane accumulation and nano-organization, a key regulator of Rho GTPase signaling in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that FER is required for both Rho-of-Plant 6 (ROP6) nano-partitioning at the membrane and downstream production of reactive oxygen species upon hyperosmotic stimulus. Genetic and pharmacological rescue experiments indicate that phosphatidylserine is required for a subset of, but not all, FER functions. Furthermore, application of FER ligand shows that its signaling controls both phosphatidylserine membrane localization and nanodomains formation, which, in turn, tunes ROP6 signaling. Together, we propose that a cell wall–sensing pathway controls via the regulation of membrane phospholipid content, the nano-organization of the plasma membrane, which is an essential cell acclimation to environmental perturbations.
Published: 2023

13. Plant–herbivore interactions: Experimental demonstration of genetic variability in plant–plant signalling

Author: Aurélien Estarague, Cyrille Violle, Denis Vile, Anaïs Hany, Thibault Martino, Pierre Moulin, François Vasseur, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Recherche sur les Médiations (Crem), Université de Lorraine (UL), European Research Council (ERC) ‘PHENOVIGOUR’: grant ERC-StG-2020-949843)., ANR-17-CE02-0018,AraBreed,Exploration des réponses évolutives des plantes à des changements environnementaux à la lumière des théories écologiques : un test expérimental chez l'espèce modèle Arabidopsis thaliana(2017), and European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Cornu aspersum, genome-wide association study, Arabidopsis thaliana, herbivory, Genetics, intraspecific diversity, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Plant-herbivore interactions mediated by plant-plant signalling have been documented in different species but its within-species variability has hardly been quantified. Here, we tested if herbivore foraging activity on plants was influenced by a prior contact with a damaged plant and if the effect of such plant-plant signalling was variable across 113 natural genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. We filmed the activity of the generalist herbivore Cornu aspersum during 1 h on two plants differing only in a prior contact with a damaged plant or not. We recorded each snails' first choice, and measured its first duration on a plant, the proportion of time spent on both plants and leaf consumption. Overall, plant-plant signalling modified the foraging activity of herbivores in A. thaliana. On average, snails spent more time and consumed more of plants that experienced a prior contact with a damaged plant. However, the effects of plant-plant signalling on snail behaviour was variable: depending on genotype identity, plant-plant signalling made undamaged plants more repellant or attractive to snails. Genome-wide associations revealed that genes related to stress coping ability and jasmonate pathway were associated to this variation. Together, our findings highlight the adaptive significance of plant-plant signalling for plant-herbivore interactions.
Published: 2023

14. Analysing the architecture of Corylus avellana and parametrizing L-HAZELNUT FSPM

Author: Grisafi, Francesca, Tombesi, Sergio, Farinelli, Daniela, Boudon, Frédéric, Durand, Jean-Baptiste, Costes, Evelyne, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Piacenza e Cremona] (Unicatt), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Modèles statistiques bayésiens et des valeurs extrêmes pour données structurées et de grande dimension (STATIFY), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Dr. Susann Müller, Tsu-Wei Chen, Andreas Fricke, Katrin Kahlen, and Susann Müller and Hartmut Stützel
Subjects: modelling, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], hazelnut, Lpy, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: International audience; Introduction - Tree architecture is a fundamental part of a functional structural plant model. This is particularly evident in perennial tree crops where the structure of the plant influences the position of source and sink organs, as well as light interception inside the canopy, and serves as storage pool for exceeding carbohydrates. Therefore, a precise description of tree 3D structure is essential to realistically allocate carbohydrates in a FSPM (Costes et al., 2006). Hazelnut tree architecture has different characteristics compared to other fruit tree crops that have been modelled (i.e., peach, mango, apple, and kiwi). It is a monoecious species. Female flowers are grouped into inflorescences located into mixed buds, while male flowers are arranged into inflorescences in the apical position of sylleptic shoots. Each node could bear more than one bud and, the following year, the new shoots are much shorter than the shoots from which they were born. The present study aimed to analyse hazelnut one-year-old shoots 'architecture in order to build the structural part of L-HAZELNUT: a functional structural plant model of hazelnut (Corylus avellana). Material and Methods - Own-rooted tree clones of C.avellana, cultivar “Tonda di Giffoni”, were chosen, during winter, in 2020 and 2021 in Deruta (Italy). Plants were normally irrigated and fertilized. No pruning occurred during the two years. 104 one-year-old proleptic shoots were sampled according to four length categories: short (Sh) when shorter than 5 cm, medium (Me) when they were between 5 and 20 cm, long (Lo) when they were between 20 and 40 cm, and very long (VLo) when longer than 40 cm. For each shoot, diameter, length, and number of nodes were recorded. From the base of the shoot to its tip, the fate of each node was noted. Four fates are distinguished in C.avellana: blind nodes, vegetative buds, sylleptic shoots and mixed buds. In the year subsequent to sampling, the same measurements were repeated on the lateral shoots that were born from the buds. Statistical analyses were done in 2022, using packages from RStudio. First, exploratory analyses were performed to investigate the distribution of the bud types or sylleptic shoots depending on the rank node along the one-year-old proleptic shoots and thus, to address if there were some homogeneous zone (i.e., zones characterized by a stable distribution of the possible bud fates (Guédon et al., 2001)). This led us to draw a flux diagram (Figure 1). Each part of the diagram corresponds to specific logical connections, between FSPM components, which were addressed using specific probabilistic models, inferred from the collected data set. Results and Discussion - During this study new knowledge regarding the architecture of C.avellana was acquired. Even though male flowers were stated to be located on proleptic shoots 'nodes (Botta & Valentini, 2018), we instead highlighted the presence of male flowers in the apical position of sylleptic shoots. It was also observed that hazelnut has a sympodial growth. Each statistical model, associated with the FSPM components, was used to define functions to answer each of the questions addressed in the flow diagram. All the functions were coded in L-py (Boudon et al., 2012) to build a L-system program able to generate the architecture of hazelnut (Figure 1). Conclusion - This led to a first coarse FSPM named L-HAZELNUT, in reference to some previous FSPM for fruit tree crops (Lopez et al., 2010). It simulates the growth of a hazelnut tree over two successive years. The conception of an FSPM is a long and meticulous process that requires having in mind a clear scheme that describes the growing and branching processes. Such a scheme can be acquired by appropriate observations and analyses of how the plant grows and develops. However, as many aspects of the plant have to be considered, the accuracy of the presented 3D structure has still to be evaluated and further studies will be necessary to validate them. Moreover, L-HAZELNUT model should be complemented in the next future with a functional part describing carbon acquisition and partitioning within the tree.
Published: 2023

15. Improving crop Yield potential: Underlying biological processes and future prospects

Author: Burgess, Alexandra, Masclaux-Daubresse, Céline, Strittmatter, Günter, Weber, Andreas, Taylor, Samuel Harry, Harbinson, Jeremy, Yin, Xinyou, Long, Stephen, Paul, Matthew, Westhoff, Peter, Loreto, Francesco, Ceriotti, Aldo, Saltenis, Vandasue, Pribil, Mathias, Nacry, Philippe, Scharff, Lars, Jensen, Poul Erik, Muller, Bertrand, Cohan, Jean‐pierre, Foulkes, John, Rogowsky, Peter, Debaeke, Philippe, Meyer, Christian, Nelissen, Hilde, Inzé, Dirk, Klein Lankhorst, René, Parry, Martin, Murchie, Erik, Baekelandt, Alexandra, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf]-Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ)-Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Food Science [Copenhagen] (UCPH FOOD), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), European Commission 817690, and European Project: 817690,ERC
Subjects: food supply, photosynthesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, crop yield, nutrient remobilisation, crop improvement, organ growth
Abstract: International audience; The growing world population and global increases in the standard of living both result in an increasing demand for food, feed and other plant- derived products. In the coming years, plant- based research will be among the major drivers ensuring food security and the expansion of the bio- based economy. Crop productivity is determined by several factors, including the available physical and agricultural resources, crop management, and the resource use efficiency, quality and intrinsic yield potential of the chosen crop. This review focuses on intrinsic yield potential, since understanding its determinants and their biological basis will allow to maximize the plant's potential in food and energy production. Yield potential is determined by a variety of complex traits that integrate strictly regulated processes and their underlying gene regulatory networks. Due to this inherent complexity, numerous potential targets have been identified that could be exploited to increase crop yield. These encompass diverse metabolic and physical processes at the cellular, organ and canopy level. We present an overview of some of the distinct biological processes considered to be crucial for yield determination that could further be exploited to improve future crop productivity.
Published: 2023

16. Molecular bases of the LEAFY-UFO synergy during floral development

Author: Rieu, Philippe, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....], and François Parcy
Subjects: Integrated biology, Genetic, Biochimie, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Génétique, Biochemistry, Biologie intégrée
Abstract: Flower development is crucial for the reproductive success of plants. This developmental step requires a deep genetic reprogramming, with the activation of flower-specific genes. In angiosperms, the LEAFY (LFY) Transcription Factor (TF) is a key regulator of flower development. Previous studies showed that LFY acts with cofactors that spatially specify its activity. The best-described LFY cofactor is the F-box protein UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO). However, how UFO regulates LFY’s activity at the molecular level remained unclear.I first showed that the role of UFO as a component of an E3 ligase complex was not essential for its functions in planta. Then, I found that LFY and UFO act together by forming a complex that recognizes specific cis-elements. The structural characterization of this complex revealed that UFO binds both LFY and a precise DNA sequence, explaining its role as a transcriptional cofactor. Finally, preliminary data suggest that the formation of the LFY-UFO complex is conserved within angiosperms and non-flowering plants. Altogether, this study presents an original case in plant where an F-box protein acts mostly as a transcriptional cofactor through its ability to bind DNA.A second part of my PhD was dedicated to the study of Arabidopsis LSH Oryza G1 (ALOG) genes, a plant-specific class of TFs regulated by LFY. Few data were available in the literature about their biochemical properties, and I focused on the interaction of the ALOG domain with DNA. I found that several ALOG proteins bind the same DNA motif and I characterized the DNA-binding mechanism.; Le développement des fleurs est crucial pour le succès reproductif des plantes. Cette étape du développement nécessite une reprogrammation génétique profonde, avec l'activation de gènes spécifiques à la fleur. Chez les angiospermes, le facteur de transcription (FT) LEAFY (LFY) est un régulateur clé de ce processus. Des études précédentes ont montré que LFY agit avec des cofacteurs qui spécifient spatialement son activité. Le cofacteur de LFY le mieux décrit est la protéine à F-box UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO). Cependant, comment UFO régule l'activité de LFY au niveau moléculaire restait incompris.J'ai d'abord montré que le rôle d'UFO en tant que composant d'un complexe E3 ligase n’était pas essentiel à sa fonction in planta. Puis j'ai montré que LFY et UFO agissent en formant un complexe qui reconnaît des éléments cis spécifiques. La caractérisation structurale de ce complexe a révélé qu’UFO se lie à la fois à LFY et à une séquence précise d'ADN, expliquant son rôle de cofacteur transcriptionnel. Enfin, des données préliminaires suggèrent que la formation du complexe LFY-UFO est conservée au sein des angiospermes et des plantes sans fleurs. Ainsi, cette étude présente un cas original chez les plantes où une protéine à F-box agit principalement comme cofacteur de transcription par sa capacité à lier l'ADN.Une deuxième partie de ma thèse a été consacrée à l'étude des gènes Arabidopsis LSH Oryza G1 (ALOG), une classe de FTs spécifique aux plantes et régulée par LFY. Peu de données étaient disponibles dans la littérature sur leurs propriétés biochimiques, et je me suis concentré sur l'interaction du domaine ALOG avec l'ADN. J'ai montré que plusieurs protéines ALOG lient toutes le même motif d'ADN et j’ai caractérisé le mécanisme de liaison à l’ADN.
Published: 2023

17. Stimulation par le rayonnement lumineux de la production de pigments bactériens pour la conception d’OLEDs

Author: Lajoie, Barbora, Andriantsiferana, Caroline, Loubière, Karine, El Garah, Fatima, Bouajila, Jaloul, Zissis, Georges, BUSO, DAVID, Blanchard, Laurence, de Groot, Arjan, Alaoui-Sossé, Badr, Attia, Rym, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Service Central d'Analyse (SCA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lumière et Matière (LAPLACE-LM), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Microbiologie Environnementale et Moléculaire (MEM), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Pathologies et épithéliums : prévention, innovation, traitements, évaluation (UR 4267) (PEPITE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie [Tunis] (INSAT), CNRS AAP 'Adaptation' Projet SUNRAY, and CNRS
Subjects: [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

18. HSFA1a modulates plant heat stress responses and alters the 3D chromatin organization of enhancer-promoter interactions

Author: Ying Huang, Jing An, Sanchari Sircar, Clara Bergis, Chloé Dias Lopes, Xiaoning He, Barbara Da Costa, Feng-Quan Tan, Jeremie Bazin, Javier Antunez-Sanchez, Maria Florencia Mammarella, Ravi-sureshbhai Devani, Rim Brik-Chaouche, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Florian Frugier, Chongjing Xia, Christophe Rothan, Aline V. Probst, Zouine Mohamed, Catherine Bergounioux, Marianne Delarue, Yijing Zhang, Shaojian Zheng, Martin Crespi, Sotirios Fragkostefanakis, Magdy M. Mahfouz, Federico Ariel, Jose Gutierrez-Marcos, Cécile Raynaud, David Latrasse, Moussa Benhamed, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Warwick [Coventry], Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral [Santa Fe] (IAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL), Southwest University of Science and Technology [Mianyang] (SWUST), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), UMR 990, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Fudan University [Shanghai], Zhejiang University, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), This work was supported by the European Research Council ERC (Project 101044399-3Dwheat), Agence National de la Recherche ANR (ANR-21-CE20-0036-4D Heat Tomato) and by the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) to M.B. Moreover, this work was supported by China Scholar Council fellowships (201806690005) to Y.H. Figure 6 was created using BioRender (www.biorender.com) with publication permissions., ANR-21-CE20-0036,4D-Heat,Une approche 4D nucleome pour identifier les activateurs contrôlant la réponse au stress thermique de la tomat(2021), and European Project: 101044399,3Dwheat
Subjects: stress thermique, Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Expression des genes, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Facteur de transcription, tomate, chaleur, Fruit, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plante, chromatine
Abstract: The complex and dynamic three-dimensional organization of chromatin within the nucleus makes understanding the control of gene expression challenging, but also opens up possible ways to epigenetically modulate gene expression. Because plants are sessile, they evolved sophisticated ways to rapidly modulate gene expression in response to environmental stress, that are thought to be coordinated by changes in chromatin conformation to mediate specific cellular and physiological responses. However, to what extent and how stress induces dynamic changes in chromatin reorganization remains poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively investigated genome-wide chromatin changes associated with transcriptional reprogramming response to heat stress in tomato. Our data show that heat stress induces rapid changes in chromatin architecture, leading to the transient formation of promoter-enhancer contacts, likely driving the expression of heat-stress responsive genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chromatin spatial reorganization requires HSFA1a, a transcription factor (TF) essential for heat stress tolerance in tomato. In light of our findings, we propose that TFs play a key role in controlling dynamic transcriptional responses through 3D reconfiguration of promoter-enhancer contacts.
Published: 2023

19. Roles of type II H+-PPases and PPsPase1/PECP2 in early developmental stages and PPi homeostasis of $Arabidopsis\ thaliana$

Author: Hiroshi Tojo, Hiromitsu Tabeta, Shizuka Gunji, Masami Y. Hirai, Pascale David, Hélène Javot, Ali Ferjani, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences [Tokyo, Japan] (Life Sciences), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Tokyo Gakugei University, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science [Yokohama] (RIKEN CSRS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (JP16H04803 to AF), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (JP25113002 and JP18H05487 to AF), and Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (DC1) (20J20901)
Subjects: pyrophosphate homeostasis, Arabidopsis thaliana, vacuolar type-II H+-PPases, PPsPase1/PECP2, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, vacuolar type-I H+-PPase, Plant Science, metabolism
Abstract: The regulation of intracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) level is crucial for proper morphogenesis across all taxonomic kingdoms. PPi is released as a byproduct from ~200 metabolic reactions, then hydrolyzed by either membrane-bound (H+-PPase) or soluble pyrophosphatases (PPases). In Arabidopsis, the loss of the vacuolar H+-PPase/FUGU5, a key enzyme in PPi homeostasis, results in delayed growth and a number of developmental defects, pointing to the importance of PPi homeostasis in plant morphogenesis. The Arabidopsis genome encodes several PPases in addition to FUGU5, such as PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2, although their significance regarding PPi homeostasis remains elusive. Here, to assess their contribution, phenotypic analyses of cotyledon aspect ratio, palisade tissue cellular phenotypes, adaxial side pavement cell complexity, stomatal distribution, and etiolated seedling length were performed, provided that they were altered due to excess PPi in a fugu5 mutant background. Overall, our analyses revealed that the above five traits were unaffected in ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 loss-of-function mutants, as well as in fugu5 mutant lines constitutively overexpressing PPsPase1/PECP2. Furthermore, metabolomics revealed that ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 etiolated seedlings exhibited metabolic profiles comparable to the wild type. Together, these results indicate that the contribution of PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2 to PPi levels is negligible in comparison to FUGU5 in the early stages of seedling development.
Published: 2023

20. Protéger les cultures en augmentant la diversité végétale des espaces agricoles.: Rapport scientifique de l’Expertise scientifique collective

Author: Vialatte, A., Martinet, Vincent, Tibi, Anaïs, Alignier, Audrey, Angeon, Valérie, Bedoussac, Laurent, Bohan, David, Bougherara, Douadia, Carpentier, A., Castagneyrol, Bastien, Cordeau, Stéphane, Courtois, Pierre, Deguine, Jean-Philippe, Doelher, Marianne, Enjalbert, Jérôme, Fabre, Frédéric, Femenia, Fabienne, Fréville, Hélène, Goulet, Frederic, Grateau, Regis, Grimonprez, Benoît, Gross, Nicolas, Hannachi, Mourad, Jeanneret, Philippe, Labarthe, Pierre, Launay, Marie, Lelievre, Virginie, Lemarié, Stéphane, Martel, Gilles, Masson, Abel, Navarrete, Mireille, Plantegenest, Manuel, Ravigné, Virginie, Rusch, Adrien, Suffert, Frédéric, Tapsoba, Abdoulaye, Thoyer, Sophie, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris-Saclay Applied Economics (UMR PSAE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement (ECODEVELOPPEMENT), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Centre d’études et de coopération juridique interdisciplinaire (CECOJI), Université de Poitiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Agroscope, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Département agronomie et sciences de l'environnement pour les agroécosystèmes (AgroEcoSystem), Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble (GAEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office Français de la Biodiversité (Plan Ecophyto II+), and INRAE
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Published: 2023

21. Multivariate analysis of chemical and genetic diversity of wild Humulus lupulus L. (hop) collected in situ in northern France

Author: Anne-Sophie Paguet, Ali Siah, Gabriel Lefèvre, Sophie Moureu, Thierry Cadalen, Jennifer Samaillie, Franck Michels, Barbara Deracinois, Christophe Flahaut, Harmony Alves Dos Santos, Audrey Etienne-Debaecker, Caroline Rambaud, Sylvie Chollet, Roland Molinié, Jean-Xavier Fontaine, Christophe Waterlot, Marie-Laure Fauconnier, Sevser Sahpaz, Céline Rivière, Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Liège, JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institut Charles Viollette (ICV) - ULR 7394 (ICV), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Artois (UA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Biologie des Plantes et Innovation - UR UPJV 3900 (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 (LGCgE), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], and Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille
Subjects: Untargeted metabolomics, HS-SPME GC-MS, Genetic Variation, Humulus lupulus L, Plant Science, General Medicine, Horticulture, SSR finger, Biochemistry, printing, Multiple factor analysis, Soil analysis, Cannabaceae, Multivariate Analysis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, UHPLC-UV-MS, Humulus, Molecular Biology, Wild hops
Abstract: International audience; The hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) has been exploited for a long time for both its brewing and medicinal uses, due in particular to its specific chemical composition. These last years, hop cultivation that was in decline has been experiencing a renewal for several reasons, such as a craze for strongly hopped aromatic beers. In this context, the present work aims at investigating the genetic and chemical diversity of fifty wild hops collected from different locations in Northern France. These wild hops were compared to ten commercial varieties and three heirloom varieties cultivated in the same sampled geographical area. Genetic analysis relying on genome fingerprinting using 11 microsatellite markers showed a high level of diversity. A total of 56 alleles were determined with an average of 10.9 alleles per locus and assessed a significant population structure (mean pairwise FST = 0.29). Phytochemical characterization of hops was based on volatile compound analysis by HS-SPME GC-MS, quantification of the main prenylated phenolic compounds by UHPLC-UV as well as untargeted metabolomics by UHPLC-HRMS and revealed a high level of chemical diversity among the assessed wild ac-cessions. In particular, analysis of volatile compounds revealed the presence of some minor but original com-pounds, such as aromadendrene, allo-aromadendrene, isoledene, fl-guaiene, alpha-ylangene and fl-pinene in some wild accessions; while analysis of phenolic compounds showed high content of fl-acids in these wild accessions, up to 2.37% of colupulone. Genetic diversity of wild hops previously observed was hence supported by their chemical diversity. Sample soil analysis was also performed to get a pedological classification of these different collection sites. Results of the multivariate statistical analysis suggest that wild hops constitute a huge pool of chemical and genetic diversity of this species.
Published: 2023

22. Analysis of defense-related gene expression and leaf metabolome in wheat during the early infection stages of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici

Author: Thierry Allario, Alice Fourquez, Maryline Magnin-Robert, Ali Siah, Matthieu Gaucher, Alessandra Maia-Grondard, Marie-Noelle Brisset, Philippe Hugueney, Philippe Reignault, Raymonde Baltenweck, Béatrice Randoux, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Powdery mildew, Plant defense, Wheat, RT-qPCR, PTI, Pipecolic acid, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Metabolomic, Plant Science, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, Agronomy and Crop Science, Phenylpropanoid pathway
Abstract: International audience; Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt) is an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen responsible for powdery mildew in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Upon Bgt infection, the wheat plant activates basal defense mechanisms namely PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in the leaves during the first few days. Understanding this early stage of quantitative resistance is crucial for developing new breeding tools and evaluating plant resistance inducers for sustainable agricultural practices. In this sense, we used a combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches to analyze the early steps of the interaction between Bgt and the moderately susceptible wheat cultivar Pakito. Bgt infection resulted in an increasing expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins, PR1, PR4, PR5 and PR8), known to target the pathogen, during the first 48 hours post-inoculation. Moreover, RT-qPCR and metabolomic analyses pointed out the importance of the phenylpropanoid pathway in quantitative resistance against Bgt. Among metabolites linked to this pathway, hydroxycinnamic acid amides containing agmatine and putrescine as amine component accumulated from the second to the fourth day after inoculation. This suggests their involvement in quantitative resistance via cross-linking processes in cell wall for reinforcement, what is supported by the up-regulation of PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), PR15 (encoding an oxalate oxidase) and POX (peroxidase) after inoculation. Finally, pipecolic acid, which is considered as a signal involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), accumulated after inoculation. These new insights lead to a better understanding of basal defense in wheat leaves after Bgt infection.
Published: 2023

23. Age-specific allocation of glucosinolates within plant reproductive tissues

Author: Laura Bellec, Anne-Marie Cortesero, Nathalie Marnet, Sébastien Faure, Maxime R. Hervé, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), innolea, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and None
Subjects: Phytochemistry, Induced defenses, Reproductive tissues, Glucosinolates, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetics, Constitutive defenses, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant Science, General Medicine, Optimal Defense Theory, Agronomy and Crop Science, Maturity stages
Abstract: International audience; The Optimal Defense Theory (ODT) predicts that the distribution of defenses within a plant should mirror the value and vulnerability of each tissue. Although the ODT has received much experimental support, very few studies have examined defense allocation among reproductive tissues and none assessed simultaneously how these defenses evolve with age. We quantified glucosinolates in perianths, anthers and pistils at different bud maturity stages (i.e., intermediate flower buds, old flower buds and flowers) of undamaged and mechanically damaged plants of an annual brassicaceous species. The youngest leaf was used as a reference for vegetative organs, since it is predicted to be one of the most defended. In line with ODT predictions, reproductive tissues were more defended than vegetative tissues constitutively, and within the former, pistils and anthers more defended than perianths. No change in the overall defense level was found between bud maturity stages, but a significant temporal shift was observed between pistils and anthers. Contrary to ODT predictions, mechanical damage did not induce systemic defenses in leaves but only in pistils. Our results show that defense allocation in plant reproductive tissues occurs at fine spatial and temporal scales, extending the application framework of the ODT. They also demonstrate interactions between space and time in fine-scale defense allocation.
Published: 2023

24. Cytogenotoxicity screening of urban and rural marshes: An integrated in vivo approach coupling fish and plant‐based tests adapted for low income countries

Author: Elodie Pepey, Geneviève Conéjéro, Elia Njara Ndrianaivo, Jean‐Luc Verdeil, Jean‐Michel Mortillaro, David Boggio, Modestine Raliniaina, Simon Pouil, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Plateforme d'histocytologie et d'imagerie cellulaire végétale (PHIV), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), Environmental Sciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, and ANR-10-INBS-04
Subjects: Nucleolar alterations, Allium cepa, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Madagascar, Oreochromis niloticus, Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Mitotic index, Comet assay
Abstract: International audience; Effects of anthropogenic activities such as urbanisation, population growth and agriculture on water quality are major concerns particularly in low-income countries where water quality monitoring can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytogenotoxic potential of water from urban and rural Malagasy marshes, coupling a fish (Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus) and a plant (Allium cepa) species as bioindicators. The fish and plants were exposed for 72 h to water sampled in the two locations investigated. DNA strand breaks were assessed using the comet assay on fish erythrocytes, while mitotic index and nucleolar alterations were estimated in cells of the plant root apex. Comet assays revealed significant DNA strand breaks to fish erythrocytes in both the marshes investigated while the mitotic index and nucleolar characteristics in the roots of A. cepa mainly highlighted potential cytotoxicity in the urban marsh. Our results demonstrate the advantages of coupling in vivo biological test systems to screen potential cytogenotoxicity of surface water in low-income countries where comprehensive datasets of aquatic contaminants are often lacking. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:0-0. (c) 2023 SETAC.
Published: 2023

25. Suspicions of two bridgehead invasions of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex in France

Author: Enora Dupas, Karine Durand, Adrien Rieux, Martial Briand, Olivier Pruvost, Amandine Cunty, Nicolas Denancé, Cécile Donnadieu, Bruno Legendre, Céline Lopez-Roques, Sophie Cesbron, Virginie Ravigné, Marie-Agnès Jacques, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire de santé des végétaux (LSV Angers), Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), the GET-PACBIO program (« Programme operationnel FEDER-FSE MIDI-PYRENEES ET GARONNE 2014-2020 ») European Union (European Regional Development Fund, ERDF contract GURDT 2016-1731-0006632), Conseil Régional de La Réunion and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). Agence Nationale pour la Recherche., and ANR-17-CE35-0009,MUSEOBACT,'Une nuit au musée': mieux reconstuire les emergences de bactéries pathogènes des cultures grâce à des échantillons historiques(2017)
Subjects: MESH: France, MESH: Xylella, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH: Italy, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, MESH: Europe, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: Of American origin, a wide diversity of Xylella fastidiosa strains belonging to different subspecies have been reported in Europe since 2013 and its discovery in Italian olive groves. Strains from the subspecies multiplex (ST6 and ST7) were first identified in France in 2015 in urban and natural areas. To trace back the most probable scenario of introduction in France, the molecular evolution rate of this subspecies was estimated at 3.2165 × 10-7 substitutions per site per year, based on heterochronous genome sequences collected worldwide. This rate allowed the dating of the divergence between French and American strains in 1987 for ST6 and in 1971 for ST7. The development of a new VNTR-13 scheme allowed tracing the spread of the bacterium in France, hypothesizing an American origin. Our results suggest that both sequence types were initially introduced and spread in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA); then they were introduced in Corsica in two waves from the PACA bridgehead populations.
Published: 2023

26. Limiting etioplast gene‐expression induces apical hook twisting during skoto‐morphogenesis of Arabidopsis seedlings

Author: Salek Ahmed Sajib, Björn Grübler, Cylia Oukacine, Etienne Delannoy, Florence Courtois, Caroline Mauve, Claire Lurin, Bertrand Gakière, Thomas Pfannschmidt, Livia Merendino, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Light Photosynthesis & Metabolism (Photosynthesis), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, PEPS CNRS, PF323-5-2 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, ANR-10-LABX-0040,SPS,Saclay Plant Sciences(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-0049,GRAL,Grenoble Alliance for Integrated Structural Cell Biology(2010)
Subjects: Arabidopsis thaliana, spectinomycin, ROS, skoto-morphogenesis, Cell Biology, Plant Science, rifampicin, gene-expression, mitochondria, AOX1A, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, plastids, apical hook bending
Abstract: International audience; When covered by a layer of soil, seedling development follows a dark-specific program (skoto-morphogenesis) consisting of small, non-green cotyledons, a long hypocotyl and an apical hook to protect meristematic cells. We recently highlighted the role played by mitochondria in the high energy-consuming reprogramming of Arabidopsis skoto-morphogenesis. Here, the role played by plastids, another energy supplying organelle, in skoto-morphogenesis is investigated. This study was conducted in dark conditions to exclude light signals so as to better focus on those produced by plastids. It was found that limitation of plastid gene-expression (PGE) induced an exaggerated apical hook bending. Inhibition of PGE was obtained at the level of transcription and translation using the antibiotics rifampicin and spectinomycin, respectively, as well as plastid RPOTp RNA polymerase mutants. Rifampicin-treated seedlings also showed expression induction of marker nuclear genes for mitochondrial stress, perturbation of the mitochondrial metabolism, increase of ROS levels and an augmented capacity of oxygen consumption by mitochondrial alternative oxidases (AOX). AOX enzymes act to prevent over-reduction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Previously, we reported that AOX1A, the main AOX isoform, was a key component in the developmental response to mitochondrial respiration deficiency. In this work, we suggest the involvement of AOX1A in the response to PGE dysfunction and propose the importance of signalling between plastids and mitochondria. Finally, it was found that seedling architecture reprogramming in response to rifampicin was independent of canonical organelle retrograde pathways and the ethylene signaling pathway.
Published: 2023

27. Overexpression of HcPT1.1 transporter in Hebeloma cylindrosporum alters the phosphorus accumulation of Pinus pinaster and the distribution of HcPT2 in ectomycorrhizae

Author: Amenc, Laurie K, Becquer, Adeline, Trives-Segura, Carlos, Zimmermann, Sabine, Garcia, Kevin, Plassard, Claude, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), ANR-19-CE20-0025,MYCOTRANS,Role of mycorrhiza-induced fungal transporters in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis(2019), and ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010)
Subjects: Hebeloma cylindrosporum, immunolocalization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Phosphorus, Pinus pinaster, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, phosphate transporter, Agrotransformation, overexpression
Abstract: International audience; Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi associate with the roots of woody plants in temperate and boreal forest, helping them to acquire water and nutrients. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these nutritional transfers are still poorly understood. The ECM fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum expresses three H+:Pi symporters (HcPT1.1, HcPT1.2, and HcPT2) in extraradical and intraradical hyphae of ectomycorrhizae to transport phosphorus (P) from the soil to colonized roots. Since HcPT1.1 is only upregulated under low P conditions, we wondered whether an artificial overexpression of this transporter by a fungal Agrotransformation strategy could result in better P nutrition of the host plant Pinus pinaster. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that plants interacting with transgenic fungal lines overexpressing HcPT1.1 did not accumulate more P in their shoot compared to plants colonized with control isolates. Although the overexpression of HcPT1.1 did not affect the expression level of the other two P transporters in pure culture, a strong reduction of HcPT2 proteins in ectomycorrhizae, particularly in the hyphae internally colonizing roots, was observed by an immunolocalization approach. Our results revealed that the artificial overexpression of the P transporter HcPT1.1 strongly decreased the distribution of HcPT2 proteins in symbiotic structures, but still improved the P status of the host plant shoots compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. This suggests that a tight regulation and a functional redundancy between the H+:Pi symporters of H. cylindrosporum might exist to ensure a sustainable P delivery to P. pinaster roots.
Published: 2023

28. SEEDQUAL : Caractérisation de la diversité génétique de la composition de la graine de colza pour des usages en alimentation animale

Author: Rolland, Sophie, Solé-Jamault, Véronique, Rolland, Sophie, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Promosol
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

29. Approaches and determinants to sustainably improve crop production

Author: Alain Gojon, Laurent Nussaume, Doan T. Luu, Erik H. Murchie, Alexandra Baekelandt, Vandasue Lily Rodrigues Saltenis, Jean‐Pierre Cohan, Thierry Desnos, Dirk Inzé, John N. Ferguson, Emmanuel Guiderdonni, Anne Krapp, René Klein Lankhorst, Christophe Maurel, Hatem Rouached, Martin A. J. Parry, Mathias Pribil, Lars B. Scharff, Philippe Nacry, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Plant Environmental Physiology and Stress Signaling (PEPSS), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, European Project: 817690,H2020, Gojon, A [0000-0001-5412-8606], Nussaume, L [0000-0002-9445-2563], Luu, DT [0000-0001-9765-2125], Murchie, EH [0000-0002-7465-845X], Baekelandt, A [0000-0003-0816-7115], Rodrigues Saltenis, VL [0000-0002-1455-7171], Cohan, JP [0000-0003-2117-7027], Desnos, T [0000-0002-6585-1362], Inzé, D [0000-0002-3217-8407], Ferguson, JN [0000-0003-3603-9997], Guiderdonni, E [0000-0003-2760-2864], Krapp, A [0000-0003-2034-5615], Klein Lankhorst, R [0000-0003-1845-8733], Maurel, C [0000-0002-4255-6440], Rouached, H [0000-0002-7751-0477], Parry, MAJ [0000-0002-4477-672X], Pribil, M [0000-0002-9174-9548], Scharff, LB [0000-0003-0210-3428], Nacry, P [0000-0001-7766-4989], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Agriculture and Food Sciences, PHOSPHORUS-ACQUISITION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], NITROGEN ASSIMILATION, drought, UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY, SALT TOLERANCE, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, climate change mitigation, salinity, heat stress, 03 medical and health sciences, DROUGHT TOLERANCE, AFFINITY PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER, Life Science, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Renewable Energy, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, 030304 developmental biology, phosphate, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Sustainability and the Environment, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, fungi, BioSolar Cells, Biology and Life Sciences, food and beverages, Forestry, 15. Life on land, WATER-USE, 13. Climate action, ABSCISIC-ACID RECEPTORS, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science, HEAT-STRESS
Abstract: International audience; Plant scientists and farmers are facing major challenges in providing food and nutritional security for a growing population, while preserving natural resources and biodiversity. Moreover, this should be done while adapting agriculture to climate change and by reducing its carbon footprint. To address these challenges, there is an urgent need to breed crops that are more resilient to suboptimal environments. Huge progress has recently been made in understanding the physiological, genetic and molecular bases of plant nutrition and environmental responses, paving the way towards a more sustainable agriculture. In this review, we present an overview of these progresses and strategies that could be developed to increase plant nutrient use efficiency and tolerance to abiotic stresses. As illustrated by many examples, they already led to promising achievements and crop improvements. Here, we focus on nitrogen and phosphate uptake and use efficiency and on adaptation to drought, salinity and heat stress. These examples first show the necessity of deepening our physiological and molecular understanding of plant environmental responses. In particular, more attention should be paid to investigate stress combinations and stress recovery and acclimation that have been largely neglected to date. It will be necessary to extend these approaches from model plants to crops, to unravel the relevant molecular targets of biotechnological or genetic strategies directly in these species. Similarly, sustained efforts should be done for further exploring the genetic resources available in these species, as well as in wild species adapted to unfavourable environments. Finally, technological developments will be required to breed crops that are more resilient and efficient. This especially relates to the development of multiscale phenotyping under field conditions and a wide range of environments, and use of modelling and big data management to handle the huge amount of information provided by the new molecular, genetic and phenotyping techniques.
Published: 2023

30. Croissance racinaire du chêne en sol soumis à un engorgement temporaire en eau

Author: Balandier, Philippe, Ameglio, Thierry, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Le programme intitulé « Évaluation de la vulnérabilité des chênaies aux contraintes hydriques dans un contexte de changement climatique, conséquences sur la gestion des peuplements » à l’initiative de Jean-Paul Nebout (ingénieur au CRPF), financé par la DRAAF et les programmes Européen Leader sur le territoire du GAL (Groupe d’Action Locale) Sologne et Bocage Bourbonnais, fut initié en 2010 par l’UMR-PIAF (INRA) en partenariat avec l’Irstea et le CRPFAuvergne.
Subjects: Quercus, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Croissance racinaire, Hydromorphie temporaire
Abstract: National audience; En sol à nappe d’eau perchée temporaire, le système racinaire du chêne est régulièrement soumis à un engorgement prolongé, suivi par des épisodes de sécheresse édaphique pouvant être marqués. En conditions anaérobies sous l’eau, la croissance des racines est inhibée et leur état se détériore rapidement. Au retrait de la nappe d’eau, seules les racines qui étaient hors de l’eau peuvent avoir une reprise de croissance rapide et recoloniser le sol en profondeur. L’état de santé de l’arbre dépend directement de cette potentialité, en interaction avec la précocité du retour de la sécheresse estivale, de la dimension effective du réservoir en eau, mais aussi de la profondeur de prospection des racines et de leur capacité à absorber l’eau aux grandes profondeurs.
Published: 2022

31. Can quarantine plant-parasitic nematodes within wastes be managed by useful tools in a circular economy approach?

Author: Hoël Hotte, Marie-Sophie Neveux, Fabrice Ollivier, Nicolas Mariette, Laurent Folcher, Anne-Claire Le Roux, Unité de Nématologie (LSV Rennes), Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and This work was supported by the CASDAR program of the French Ministry of Agriculture ‘NEMATOOLS’, coordinated by FN3PT (A-C. Le Roux) in partnership with ANSES and INRAE.
Subjects: Waste stabilization ponds, Environmental Engineering, Nematoda, Swine, MESH: Waste Management, MESH: Recycling, Incineration, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, MESH: Nematoda, Heat treatment, Waste Management, MESH: Incineration, Animals, Humans, Chlorination, Globodera, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Recycling, MESH: Animals, MESH: Chlorine, Waste Management and Disposal, MESH: Swine, MESH: Humans, Composting, Methanation, General Medicine, MESH: Refuse Disposal, Refuse Disposal, MESH: Cattle, Quarantine, Cattle, Chlorine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, MESH: Quarantine
Abstract: International audience; Seen as an integral part of sustainable development, circular economy represents a model of production and consumption notably based on the limitation of both resource wastage and environmental impact. Laboratories and commercial companies working on plant pathogens, in particular quarantine species, must effectively disinfect their waste to avoid disseminating these organisms. The methods used for waste disinfection can however incur high energy costs or pose environmental and human health hazards. Here, we tested the effectiveness of five disinfection methods - chlorination, heat treatment, composting, mesophilic methanation and waste stabilization ponds - on plant-parasitic nematodes belonging to the genera Globodera and Meloidogyne. For the widely used chlorination and heat treatment methods, we showed that they can be very effective in inactivating nematodes at relatively low chlorine doses and temperatures (60 °C-3 min and 50 °C-30 min), respectively. For the three other disinfection methods tested, initially designed for waste recycling, we obtained different levels of efficiency. Composting and mesophilic methanation (based on cattle or pig slurry) both led to the complete elimination of nematodes, even for short treatment durations. However, waste stabilization ponds showed contrasting results, ranging from virtually no effect to high levels of inactivation of nematodes. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to use more environmentally friendly disinfection methods to control plant-parasitic nematodes. In particular, this finding paves the way towards the treatment of infected plant materials using composting or methanation, providing that disinfection is still reached under other (real-life) treatment conditions, especially with other kinds of waste. Both composting and methanation recycle and thus valorize infected waste; they are viable alternatives to landfilling or incineration, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of a circular economy approach.
Published: 2022

32. Control of lateral meristems: how is sugar availability involved in the environmental control of axillary bud outgrowth?

Author: Schneider, A, Boudon, F, Demotes-Mainard, S, Sakr, S, Godin, C, Bertheloot, J, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Bertheloot, Jessica
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: International audience; Axillary bud outgrowth is a major process allowing the plant to adapt its architecture to environmental constraints. Indeed, the dormant buds formed at each leaf axil contain meristems, which depending on the environment, remain quiescent or resume activity leading to bud outgrowth and the development of a new axis [1]. Studies on apical dominance, i.e. the inhibition of buds by the growing apical zone, have highlighted the opposite roles of auxin and sugar, which is involved in a signaling and trophic regulation of bud activity [2-4]. However, understanding the interaction between the environment and the mechanisms of apical dominance is a major issue [3]. Our study tests the long-standing hypothesis that sugar availability is involved in the mediation of light effect on bud outgrowth at plant-level. We combined experimental studies and computer simulations, using rose as a plant model. First, using buds grown in vitro, high sugar availability was demonstrated to reduce auxin repressing effect on bud outgrowth, indicating that it could reduce the auxin-related apical dominance in planta. Sugar effect was highlighted to be due to a repression of a pathway downstream of auxin by testing different possible scenarios in a model [5]. Then, we demonstrated the ability of sugar availability to modulate bud outgrowth rate and to explain, at least partly, light effect in planta. Plants were grown under comfort light conditions, or under permanent or temporary light limitation. Physiological and morphological analyses showed a positive relationship between bud outgrowth rate and sugar contents in stems. Moreover, the exogenous supply of sugar stimulated bud outgrowth under unfavorable light conditions. Calculating photosynthesis and carbohydrate (C) demand highlighted that, compared to high light, continuous and temporary low light altered sugar contents through a predominant effect on photosynthesis and on C demand, respectively. These results highlight that light, by controlling C sources and sinks, modulates the availability of sugar for buds and thus the repressive effect of auxin on axillary bud activity. They pave the way for a better consideration of the mechanisms controlling the control of lateral meristems in plant models.
Published: 2022

33. Auxin and pectin remodeling interplay during rootlet emergence in white lupin

Author: Valérie Lefebvre, Laurent Brottier, Josip Safran, Célia Casset, Jérôme Pelloux, Fanchon Divol, Alexandre Soriano, Benjamin Péret, François Jobert, Stéphanie Robert, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Umea Plant Science Center (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Plantes et Innovation - UR UPJV 3900 (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, food.ingredient, Pectin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, Morphogenesis, food and beverages, Biology, Cell biology, Cell wall, food, chemistry, Downregulation and upregulation, Auxin, Cluster root, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Primordium, Gene
Abstract: Secondary root emergence is a crucial trait that shapes the plant’s underground system. Virtually every developmental step of root primordium morphogenesis is controlled by auxin. However, how the hormone controls cell separation in primordium-overlaying tissues through wall loosening is poorly understood. Here, we took advantage of white lupin and its spectacular cluster root development to assess the contribution of auxin to this process. We show that auxin’s positive role on rootlet emergence is associated with an upregulation of cell wall pectin modifying and degrading genes. Downregulation of a pectinolytic enzyme gene expressed in cells surrounding the primordium resulted in delayed emergence. Pectins were demethylesterified in the emergence zone and auxin treatment further enhanced this effect. Additionally, we report specific rhamnogalacturonan-I modifications during cortical cell separation. In conclusion, we propose a model in which auxin has a dual role during rootlet emergence: Firstly, through active pectin demethylesterification and secondly by regulating the expression of cell wall remodeling enzymes.
Published: 2022

34. On a agrandi la structure du bois en 3D : un projet collaboratif de science ouverte

Author: Badel, Éric, Arnould, Olivier, Conchon, Pierre, Ruelle, Julien, Viguier, Joffrey, King, Andrew, Duhamel, Yvan, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Bois (BOIS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), and Groupement de Recherche en Sciences du bois (GDR 3544 Sciences du Bois)
Subjects: bois, anatomy, X-ray microtomography, open science, microtomographie à rayons X, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 3D printing, science ouverte, anatomie, impression 3D, wood
Abstract: International audience; Wood is a complex cellular material because of its heterogeneity and variability. The first level of variability is that of the species, which controls the organization of the woody plane, which is specific to it. But within the same species, with the same genetic baggage, each tree has its own mode of growth, of wood formation, which are then strongly dependent on the region, the plot, in which it develops but also on the local environment of the individual. Finally, each year, each season imposes its own environmental conditions of growth which will modulate the biological processes. In addition, there are the local specificities of the wood linked to particular developments such as knots, the presence of reaction wood, etc.But, finally, even among those who work with wood on a daily basis, few have the opportunity to spend hours under a microscope to appreciate all this complexity and diversity of structures. And yet, many teachers, in high school, university or in a wood science engineering school, wish to have their students observe these fascinating structures.There is now a theoretically simple solution, a little more complex to implement, which makes it possible to put in the hands of all, an object, exact copy of an anatomical structure of wood in 3D.; Le bois est un matériau cellulaire complexe par son hétérogénéité et sa variabilité. Le premier niveau de variabilité est celui de l’espèce, laquelle pilote l’organisation du plan ligneux, qui lui est spécifique. Mais au sein d’une même espèce, au même bagage génétique, chaque arbre a son propre mode de croissance, de formation du bois, lesquels sont alors fortement dépendant de la région, de la placette, dans laquelle il se développe mais aussi de l’environnement local de l’individu. Enfin, chaque année, chaque saison impose ses conditions environnementales de croissance qui vont moduler les processus biologiques. A cela se rajoutent les spécificités locales du bois liées à des développements particuliers tels que les noeuds, la présence de bois de réaction, etc.Mais, finalement, même parmi ceux qui travaillent le bois quotidiennement, peu sont ceux qui ont l’occasion de passer des heures sous un microscope pour apprécier toute cette complexité et cette diversité de structures. Et nombreux sont pourtant les enseignants, en lycée, à l’université, dans une école d’ingénieur de sciences du bois, qui souhaitent faire observer ces fascinantes structures à leurs élèves.Il existe maintenant une solution théoriquement simple, un peu plus complexe à mettre en oeuvre, qui permet de mettre dans les mains de tous, un objet, copie conforme d’une structure anatomique de bois en 3D.
Published: 2022

35. Detection of orthologous genes with expression shifts linked to nickel hyperaccumulation across Eudicots

Author: Mélina Gallopin, Christine Drevet, Vanesa S. Garcia de la Torre, Sarah Jelassi, Marie Michel, Claire Ducos, Cédric Saule, Clarisse Majorel, Valérie Burtet-Sarramegna, Yohan Pillon, Paul Bastide, Olivier Lespinet, Sylvain Merlot, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: The remarkable capacity of plants to tolerate and accumulate tremendous amount of nickel is a complex adaptative trait that appeared independently in more than 700 species distributed in about fifty families. Nickel hyperaccumulation is thus proposed as a model to investigate the evolution of complex traits in plants. However, the mechanisms involved in nickel hyperaccumulation are still poorly understood in part because comparative transcriptomic analyses struggle to identify genes linked to this trait from a wide diversity of species. In this work, we have implemented a methodology based on the quantification of the expression of orthologous groups and phylogenetic comparative methods to identify genes which expression is correlated to the nickel hyperaccumulation trait. More precisely, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and reads quantification for each species on its own transcriptome using available RNA-Seq datasets from 15 nickel hyperaccumulator and non-accumulator species. Assembled contigs were associated to orthologous groups built using proteomes predicted from completed plant genome sequences. We then analyzed the transcription profiles of 5953 orthologous groups from distant species using a phylogenetic ANOVA. We identified 31 orthologous groups with an expression shift associated with nickel hyperaccumulation. These orthologous groups correspond to genes that have been previously implicated in nickel accumulation, and to new candidates involved in this trait. We thus believe that this method can be successfully applied to identify genes linked to other complex traits from a wide diversity of species.
Published: 2022

36. Nano-structural stiffness measure for soft biomaterials of heterogeneous elasticity

Author: Shu-wen W. Chen, Jean-Marie Teulon, Harinderbir Kaur, Christian Godon, Jean-Luc Pellequer, Groupe Microscopie Electronique et Méthodes (IBS-MEM), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), ANR-18-CE20-0023,BioPhyt,Mode d'action de phytostimulants biosourcés sur une voie de signalisation multi-stress(2018), and European Project: 812772,Phys2BioMed
Subjects: [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, General Materials Science
Abstract: International audience; Measuring the structural stiffness aims to reveal the impact of nanostructured components or various physiological circumstances on the elastic response of material to an external indentation. With a pyramidal tip at a nano-scale, we employed the atomic force microscopy (AFM) to indent the surfaces of two compositions of polyacrylamide gels with different softness and seedling roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the stiffness curve derived from the measured force exhibits a heterogeneous character in elasticity. According to the tendency of stiffness curve, we decomposed the responding force into depth-impact (F C), Hookean (F H) and tip-shape (F S) components, called trimechanic, and represent their strengths by the respective spring constants (kC, kH, kS) of three parallel-connected spring (3PCS) analogs to differentiate restoring nanomechansims of indented materials. The effective Young’s modulus Ê and the total stiffness kT (= kH + kS) globally unambiguously distinguish the softness between the two gel categories. Data fluctuations were observed in the elasticity parameters of individual samples, reflecting nanostructural variations in the gel matrix. Similar tendencies were found in the results from growing plant roots, though the data fluctuations are expectedly much more dramatic. The zone-wise representation of stiffness by the trimechanic-3PCS framework demonstrates a stiffness measure that reflects beneath nanostructures encountered by deepened depth. It provides a new paradigm for analyzing restoring nanomechanics of softbiomaterials in response to indenting forces.
Published: 2022

37. Unravelling the main physiological processes driving drought-induced tree mortality

Author: Mantova, Marylou, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne, and Hervé Cochard
Subjects: Cavitation, Relative Water Content, Cambium, Drought, Electrolytes Leakage, Mortalité, Fuite d’Electrolytes, Sécheresse, Contenu en Eau Relatif, Déshydratation Cellulaire, Microscopie Electronique à Transmission, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Cell Dehydration, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Mortality
Abstract: Forests, although essential for human survival due to their numerous ecosystem services, have been facing a significant dieback caused by intense droughts since the beginning of the Anthropocene. As global climatic models predict an increment in the frequency and intensity of droughts in the near future, which will consequently increase the risk of tree mortality, it is crucial to better understand the physiological bases of drought-induced tree mortality in order to identify physiological thresholds that will allow us to better predict the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. While xylem hydraulic failure has been recognised as a ubiquitous factor in tree death under drought conditions, fundamental evidence for the mechanistic link between hydraulic failure, cell mortality and tree mortality has not yet been identified. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to elucidate this link while identifying key physiological thresholds beyond which tree survival is greatly compromised. Thus, by focusing first on two species, a conifer (Pseudotsuga menziesii M.) and an angiosperm (Prunus lusitanica L.) the thesis work demonstrated that the levels of hydraulic failure previously considered as lethal for trees (P50 for the conifers and P88 for the angiosperms) were not precise enough to define with certainty the fate of a tree after a drought event. However, although the causal link between xylem hydraulic failure and cell death remained unclear, the interaction between these two phenomena appeared to explain the ability of trees to recover from water stress. Thus, by combining the detection of cavitation events using the optical technique, measurements of relative water content at the tissue level, and measurements of cell lysis on an easily accessible organ: the leaf, we demonstrated that the hydraulic failure of the xylem, by causing a drop in relative water content below a critical level, the RWCcrit, caused cell death. Finally, based on the assumption that not all cells were equally important for the survival of trees and that this survival should certainly be linked to the maintenance of the integrity of cells responsible for plant growth, i.e., the meristematic cells, we sought, by working on a conifer species (Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend) Lindl. Ex Hildebr) and an angiosperm species (Fagus sylvatica L.), to show that the meristematic cells were indeed key cells when evaluating the mechanistic link between hydraulic failure and tree mortality. On the latter part, although statistical analyses revealed again the importance of the level of stem relative water content before re-watering for tree survival, preliminary results obtained by transmission electron microscopy showed that, for the same level of stem relative water content, plants with intact meristematic cells were more likely to survive the drought event than the others as soon as they were re-watered.; Les forêts, bien qu’essentielles à la survie de l’Homme du fait de leurs nombreux services écosystémiques, font face à d’importants dépérissements causés par des sécheresses intenses depuis le début de l’Anthropocène. Comme les modèles climatiques globaux prévoient, pour un futur proche, une augmentation de la fréquence et de l’intensité de ces sécheresses qui, par conséquence, accentuera le risque de mortalité des arbres, il apparait alors crucial de mieux comprendre les bases physiologiques de la mortalité des arbres induite par sécheresse afin d’identifier des seuils physiologiques permettant de mieux prédire l’impact de ces changements climatiques sur les écosystèmes forestiers. Si la défaillance hydraulique du xylème a été reconnue comme un facteur omniprésent de la mort des arbres en conditions de sécheresse, des preuves fondamentales du lien mécaniste reliant la défaillance hydraulique, la mortalité des cellules et celle des arbres n’ont pas encore été identifiées. Ainsi, l’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’élucider ce lien tout en identifiant les seuils physiologiques clés au-delà desquels la survie de l’arbre est grandement compromise. Dès lors, en s’intéressant, tout d’abord, à deux espèces, un conifère (Pseudotsuga menziesii M.) et une angiosperme (Prunus lusitanica L.) le travail de thèse a démontré que les niveaux de défaillance hydraulique considérés jusqu’alors comme létaux pour les plantes (P50 pour les conifères et P88 pour les angiospermes) n’étaient pas assez précis pour définir avec certitude le sort d’un arbre après un événement de sécheresse. Cependant, alors que le lien causal entre défaillance hydraulique du xylème et la mortalité cellulaire restait non élucidé, l’interaction entre ces deux phénomènes semblait expliquer la capacité des arbres à récupérer d’un stress hydrique. Ainsi, en combinant, à la fois, la détection des événements de cavitation à l’aide de la méthode optique, des mesures de contenu en eau relatif au niveau tissulaire, et des mesures de lyse cellulaire au niveau d’un organe facilement accessible : la feuille, nous avons mis en évidence que la défaillance hydraulique du xylème, en entrainant une baisse du contenu en eau des tissus en dessous d’un niveau critique, le RWCcrit, provoquait la mort des cellules. Finalement, en partant du postulat que toutes les cellules n’avaient pas la même importance dans la survie des arbres et que cette survie devait certainement être liée au maintien de l’intégrité des cellules responsables de la croissance de la plante, c’est-à-dire des cellules méristématiques, nous avons cherché, en travaillant sur un conifère (Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend) Lindl. Ex Hildebr) et une angiosperme (Fagus sylvatica L.), à montrer que les cellules méristématiques étaient bien des cellules clés lors de l’évaluation du lien mécaniste entre la défaillance hydraulique et la mortalité de l’arbre. Sur cette dernière partie, bien que les analyses statistiques aient à nouveau révélé l’importance du niveau de contenu en eau relatif des tissus de la tige avant réhydratation pour la survie des arbres, des résultats préliminaires obtenus en microscopie électronique à transmission ont montré qu’à niveaux de contenus en eau égaux, des plantes présentant des cellules méristématiques intègres étaient plus à même de survivre à l’événement de sécheresse que les autres et, ce, dès leur ré-arrosage.
Published: 2022

38. Loss-of-function of gynoecium-expressed phospholipase triggers haploid induction

Author: Jin Hoon Jang, Hae Seong Seo, Thomas Widiez, Ok Ran Lee, Chonnam National University [Gwangju], Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Pack ambition recherche from the Région Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes (HD-INNOV), and ANR-19-CE20-0012,NOT-LIKE-DAD,Gynogenèse in vivo chez le maïs : nouvelles connaissances sur la double fécondation chez les plantes(2019)
Subjects: [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SDV.BDLR.RS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction
Abstract: Pollen-specific phospholipase A-mediated in vivo haploid induction system was functionally well conserved in numerous monocots. However, no functional orthologous gene has been identified in dicots plants. Here, we show that loss-of-function of gynoecium-expressed phospholipase AII (pPLAIIγ) triggers haploid plants in Arabidopsis, at an average rate of 1.46%. Reciprocal crosses demonstrate that haploid plants are triggered from the female side and not from the pollen, and the haploid plants carry the maternal genome.
Published: 2022

39. Methods for a Quantitative Comparison of and Posture Control Over a Wide Range of Herbaceous and Woody Species

Author: Hartmann, Félix, Chauvet-Thiry, Hugo, Franchel, Jérôme, Ploquin, Stéphane, Moulia, Bruno, Leblanc-Fournier, Nathalie, Decourteix, Mélanie, Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Elison B. Blancaflor, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Posture control, Plantlets, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Kinematic, Proprioception, Image analysis
Abstract: International audience; Quantitative measurements of plant gravitropic response are challenging. Differences in growth rates between species and environmental conditions make it difficult to compare the intrinsic gravitropic responses of different plants. In addition, the bending movement associated with gravitropism is competing with the tendency of plants to grow straight, through a mechanism called proprioception (ability to sense its own shape). Disentangling these two tendencies is not trivial. Here, we use a combination of modeling, experiment and image analysis to estimate the intrinsic gravitropic and proprioceptive sensitivities of stems, using Arabidopsis as an example.
Published: 2022

40. The F-box cofactor UFO redirects the LEAFY floral regulator to novel cis -elements

Author: Philippe Rieu, Laura Turchi, Emmanuel Thévenon, Eleftherios Zarkadas, Max Nanao, Hicham Chahtane, Gabrielle Tichtinsky, Jérémy Lucas, Romain Blanc-Mathieu, Chloe Zubieta, Guy Schoehn, François Parcy, Régulateurs du développement de la fleur (Flo_RE ), Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Modèles et Algorithmes pour la Génomique (TIMC-MAGe), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity / Recherche Translationnelle et Innovation en Médecine et Complexité - UMR 5525 (TIMC ), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), StructDev (StructDev), ANR-10-INBS-0005,FRISBI,Infrastructure Française pour la Biologie Structurale Intégrée(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), and ANR-17-CE20-0014,UbiFlor,Comment l'ubiquitination permet à LEAFY de créer les fleurs(2017)
Subjects: F-box protein, UFO, flower development, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, cryo-electron microscopy, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, ampDAP-seq, Transcriptional complex, LEAFY
Abstract: SUMMARYIn angiosperms, flower patterning requires the localized expression of the APETALA3 (AP3) floral homeotic gene involved in petal and stamen development. AP3 is synergistically induced by the master transcription factor (TF) LEAFY (LFY) and the F-box protein UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO), but the molecular mechanism underlying this synergy has remained unknown. Here we show that the connection to ubiquitination pathways suggested by the F-box domain of UFO is mostly dispensable for its function and that UFO instead acts by forming a transcriptional complex with LFY and binds to newly discovered regulatory elements. Cryo-electron microscopy explains how a LFY-UFO complex forms on these novel DNA sites due to direct interaction of UFO with LFY and DNA. Finally, we show that this complex has a deep evolutionary origin, largely predating flowering plants. This work reveals a novel mechanism of an F-box protein in directly modulating the DNA-binding specificity of a master TF.
Published: 2022

41. Transition to ripening in tomato requires hormone-controlled genetic reprogramming initiated in gel tissue

Author: Ximena, Chirinos, Shiyu, Ying, Maria Aurineide, Rodrigues, Elie, Maza, Anis, Djari, Guojian, Hu, Mingchun, Liu, Eduardo, Purgatto, Sylvie, Fournier, Farid, Regad, Mondher, Bouzayen, Julien, Pirrello, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), MetaToul Agromix, MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), and European Project: 679796,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,TomGEM(2016)
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: International audience; Ripening is the last stage of the developmental program in fleshy fruits. During this phase, fruits become edible and acquire their unique sensory qualities and post-harvest potential. Although our knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate fruit ripening has improved considerably over the past decades, the processes that trigger the transition to ripening remain poorly deciphered. While transcriptomic profiling of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit ripening to date has mainly focused on the changes occurring in pericarp tissues between the Mature Green and Breaker stages, our study addresses the changes between the Early Mature Green and Late Mature Green stages in the gel and pericarp separately. The data showed that the shift from an inability to initiate ripening to the capacity to undergo full ripening requires extensive transcriptomic reprogramming that takes place first in the locular tissues before extending to the pericarp. Genome-wide transcriptomic profiling revealed the wide diversity of transcription factor (TF) families engaged in the global reprogramming of gene expression and identified those specifically regulated at the Mature Green stage in the gel but not in the pericarp, thereby providing potential targets toward deciphering the initial factors and events that trigger the transition to ripening. The study also uncovered an extensive reformed homeostasis for most plant hormones, highlighting the multihormonal control of ripening initiation. Our data unveil the antagonistic roles of ethylene and auxin during the onset of ripening and show that auxin treatment delays fruit ripening via impairing the expression of genes required for System-2 autocatalytic ethylene production that is essential for climacteric ripening. This study unveils the detailed features of the transcriptomic reprogramming associated with the transition to ripening of tomato fruit and shows that the first changes occur in the locular gel before extending to pericarp and that a reformed auxin homeostasis is essential for the ripening to proceed.
Published: 2022

42. Flowering Phenology of Six Seasonal-Flowering Strawberry Cultivars in a Coordinated European Study

Author: Erika Krüger, Tomasz L. Woznicki, Ola M. Heide, Krzysztof Kusnierek, Rodmar Rivero, Agnieszka Masny, Iwona Sowik, Bastienne Brauksiepe, Klaus Eimert, Daniela Mott, Gianluca Savini, Marino Demene, Karine Guy, Aurélie Petit, Beatrice Denoyes, Anita Sønsteby, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Sant’Orsola Società Cooperativa Agricola, Invenio, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was founded by the European Union's H2020 Programme (GoodBerry, grant number 679303). We acknowledge support from the Open Access Publishing Fund of Geisenheim University., and European Project: 679303,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GoodBerry(2016)
Subjects: global radiation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], temperature, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, climate, flower initiation, Fragaria x ananassa, photoperiod, Plant Science, Horticulture
Abstract: The flowering phenology of six genetically distant strawberry cultivars (‘Candonga®’ (ES), ‘Clery’ (IT), ‘Florence’ (UK), ‘Frida’ (NO), ‘Gariguette’ (FR), and ‘Sonata’ (NL)) was studied for 3 years in relation to climatic parameters in open-field cultivation at three locations (Norway, Poland, Germany) and in soil-less cultivation at two locations (Italy, and France), covering a distance of 16 degrees of latitude. This proved to be a useful approach for unravelling the climatic adaptation and plasticity of strawberry genotypes and their suitability both for profitable cultivation and as a breeding pedigree. Despite the intercorrelated character of the climatic variables, the observed results highlight the importance of global radiation as a powerful modifying phenological factor in strawberry. Generally, early flower initiation was associated with elevated temperature and global radiation. ‘Frida’ revealed the highest dependency on global radiation for flower initiation, while ‘Sonata’ was least affected by temperature and radiation. In general, temperature and global radiation in periods both preceding and following flower initiation had a stronger positive effect on the number of flowers than on crowns, especially under open-field conditions. The influence of these factors was highly variable across the cultivars: ‘Clery’, ‘Florence’, and ‘Gariguette’ were most affected, while ‘Frida’ was least influenced.
Published: 2022

43. Research Data Management Toolkit (RDMkit): guidelines for plant phenotyping data management and sharing

Author: Floch, Erwan Le, Adam-Blondon, Anne-Françoise, Alic, Isabelle, Droesbeke, Bert, Dhondt, Stijn, Faria, Daniel, Beier, Sebastian, Neveu, Pascal, Francillonne, Nicolas, Michotey, Célia, Pommier, Cyril, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, Plant Bioinformatics Facility, Versailles, France (BioinfOmics, Plant Bioinformatics Facility), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), VIBUGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), LaSIGE [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Faculdade de Ciências, BioData.pt, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, IPPN, European Project: 862613,H2020-AGENT, and European Project: 871075,ELIXIR-CONVERGE
Subjects: FAIR data, RDMkit, Research data management, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Plant phenomics, Plant phenotyping
Abstract: Efficient sharing of plant phenotyping data is a challenge that has been addressed during the last two decades by European infrastructures (ELIXIR, EMPHASIS) and international communities (CGIAR), that allowed to coordinate the effort of major institutes developing activities in the domain. They produced consistent and interoperable sets of resources to support plant phenotyping data management: - data standards: Minimum Information About Plant Phenotyping Experiment (MIAPPE) and the Breeding API (BrAPI) - databases: PIPPA, PHIS, GnpIS, e!DAL-PGP among others - exchange file formats: MIAPPE Template, ISA-Tab These systems and standards have been designed to be as close as possible to researchers and experimenters needs. As a consequence, important efforts have been made to ease their adoption through documentations and trainings. However all these resources remain dispersed, and it can be complicated for new users to know where to get the right information. To address this issue, ELIXIR has developed in the frame of the ELIXIR-CONVERGE project a central portal of guidelines and resources supporting FAIR data management in Life Sciences: the Research Data Management toolkit (RDMkit). RDMkit is a one stop portal that gives a general overview and understanding of the complementarity of the solutions, and links back to the extended documentation and training materials maintained for each of them. To develop and sustain this portal, ELIXIR has engaged with various communities, infrastructures and projects, among which the ELIXIR plant science community and the AGENT project. In the RDMkit, the plant community has built a set of pages and in particular is building plant phenotyping guidelines. The present poster gives an overview of the RDMkit logic and of the solutions presented in the plant sciences pages, including the procedures and contact to submit enrichment and additional solutions.
Published: 2022

44. Développement de modèles utilisant les réseaux de neurones convolutionnels et d’une interface R-shiny pour la prédiction et la visualisation de la croissance de l’herbe d’une prairie, à partir de l’information climatique fournie

Author: Konan, Kouamé Yannick, Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), École nationale de la statistique et de l'analyse de l'information (ENSAI), Anne-Isabelle Graux, and Thomas Guyet
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], biologie végéta, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: Autorisation de diffusion sous licence CC-BY obtenue.; Engineering school; Les prairies sont importantes car elles couvrent de larges surfaces et rendent de nombreux services écosystémiques. Prédire la croissance de l’herbe des prairies dans différents contextes climatiques est utile à la modélisation des systèmes d’élevage herbagers. Ce travail fait suite au stage d’un étudiant de l’ENSAI qui a utilisé des approches d’apprentissage automatique pour développer des modèles de prédiction de la croissance de l’herbe à partir de l’information sur le climat. Les objectifs de mon stage étaient d’offrir une visualisation graphique et chiffrée de la croissance de l’herbe prédite par ces modèles, et d’enrichir la partie modélisation déjà réalisée. Une interface a été développée sous Rshiny qui offre la visualisation et les fonctionnalités souhaitées.
Published: 2022

45. Changes in winter oilseed rape leaf water status monitored by low-field NMR Relaxometry during severe drought

Author: Boulc'H, Pierre-Nicolas, Musse, Maja, Leport, Laurent, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Musse, Maja
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

46. Tissue characterization of potato tubers using localized MRI T2 Relaxometry

Author: Collewet, Guylaine, Hajjar, Ghina, Quellec, Stephane, Moussaoui, Saïd, Challois, Sylvain, Deleu, Carole, Leport, Laurent, Musse, Maja, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes (IRCCyN), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: relaxation transversale, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], pomme de terre, plante, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, IRM
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

47. Location and Identification on Chromosome 3B of Bread Wheat of Genes Affecting Chiasma Number

Author: Benoit Darrier, Isabelle Colas, Hélène Rimbert, Frédéric Choulet, Jeanne Bazile, Aurélien Sortais, Eric Jenczewski, Pierre Sourdille, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Syngenta France, Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MR/K015869/1, FP7/2007–2013 (no.222883), ERC Shuffle (Project ID: 669182), and BBSRC BB/T008636/1
Subjects: Ecology, synapsis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, recombination, chiasmata, cytogenetics, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, wheat, deletion bin, 3D-SIM, meiosis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Understanding meiotic crossover (CO) variation in crops like bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is necessary as COs are essential to create new, original and powerful combinations of genes for traits of agronomical interest. We cytogenetically characterized a set of wheat aneuploid lines missing part or all of chromosome 3B to identify the most influential regions for chiasma formation located on this chromosome. We showed that deletion of the short arm did not change the total number of chiasmata genome-wide, whereas this latter was reduced by ~35% while deleting the long arm. Contrary to what was hypothesized in a previous study, deletion of the long arm does not disturb the initiation of the synaptonemal complex (SC) in early meiotic stages. However, progression of the SC is abnormal, and we never observed its completion when the long arm is deleted. By studying six different deletion lines (missing different parts of the long arm), we revealed that at least two genes located in both the proximal (C-3BL2-0.22) and distal (3BL7-0.63-1.00) deletion bins are involved in the control of chiasmata, each deletion reducing the number of chiasmata by ~15%. We combined sequence analyses of deletion bins with RNA-Seq data derived from meiotic tissues and identified a set of genes for which at least the homoeologous copy on chromosome 3B is expressed and which are involved in DNA processing. Among these genes, eight (CAP-E1/E2, DUO1, MLH1, MPK4, MUS81, RTEL1, SYN4, ZIP4) are known to be involved in the recombination pathway.
Published: 2022

48. Differences in the structure of plant polygalacturonases specify enzymes’ dynamics and processivities to fine-tune pectins and root development

Author: Safran, Josip, Tabi, Wafae, Ung, Vanessa, Lemaire, Adrien, Habrylo, Olivier, Bouckaert, Julie, Rouffle, Maxime, Voxeur, Aline, Pongrac, Paula, Bassard, Solène, Molinié, Roland, Fontaine, Jean-Xavier, Pilard, Serge, Pau-Roblot, Corinne, Bonnin, Estelle, Larsen, Danaé Sonja, Morel-Rouhier, Mélanie, Girardet, Jean-Michel, Lefebvre, Valérie, Sénéchal, Fabien, Mercadante, Davide, Pelloux, Jérôme, Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), School of Chemical Sciences [Auckland], University of Auckland [Auckland], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateforme Analytique (PFA), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology
Abstract: Corresponding authors:21 Jérôme Pelloux (jerome.pelloux@u-picardie.fr)22 Davide Mercadante (davide.mercadante@auckland.ac.nz)23 Fabien Sénéchal (fabien.senechal@u-picardie.fr); The fine-tuning of pectins by polygalacturonases (PGs) plays a key role in modulating plant cell wall chemistry and mechanics, impacting plant development. The high number of plant PG isoforms and their absence of inhibition by endogenous PG-Inhibiting Proteins (PGIPs) question the regulation of pectin depolymerization during development. Our understanding of the diversity and of the regulation of plant PGs has been impaired by the lack of protein structures. Here we resolved the crystal structures of two PGs from Arabidopsis, PGLR and ADPG2, whose expression overlap in roots and determined why plant PGs are not inhibited by PGIPs. By combining molecular dynamic simulations, analysis of enzymes’ kinetics and hydrolysis products, we showed that subtle differences in PGLR and ADPG2 structures translated into distinct dynamics and processivities. This leads to peculiar effects on root development, as determined by exogenous applications of enzymes.
Published: 2022

49. DMC1 attenuates RAD51-mediated recombination in Arabidopsis

Author: Olivier Da Ines, Jeanne Bazile, Maria E. Gallego, Charles I. White, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and DA INES, Olivier
Subjects: Cancer Research, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, DNA Repair, Arabidopsis, Cell Cycle Proteins, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Meiosis, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, [SDV.GEN.GPL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV.AP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Rad51 Recombinase, Homologous Recombination, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Ensuring balanced distribution of chromosomes in gametes, meiotic recombination is essential for fertility in most sexually reproducing organisms. The repair of the programmed DNA double strand breaks that initiate meiotic recombination requires two DNA strand-exchange proteins, RAD51 and DMC1, to search for and invade an intact DNA molecule on the homologous chromosome. DMC1 is meiosis-specific, while RAD51 is essential for both mitotic and meiotic homologous recombination. DMC1 is the main catalytically active strand-exchange protein during meiosis, while this activity of RAD51 is downregulated. RAD51 is however an essential cofactor in meiosis, supporting the function of DMC1. This work presents a study of the mechanism(s) involved in this and our results point to DMC1 being, at least, a major actor in the meiotic suppression of the RAD51 strand-exchange activity in plants. Ectopic expression of DMC1 in somatic cells renders plants hypersensitive to DNA damage and specifically impairs RAD51-dependent homologous recombination. DNA damage-induced RAD51 focus formation in somatic cells is not however suppressed by ectopic expression of DMC1. Interestingly, DMC1 also forms damage-induced foci in these cells and we further show that the ability of DMC1 to prevent RAD51-mediated recombination is associated with local assembly of DMC1 at DNA breaks. In support of our hypothesis, expression of a dominant negative DMC1 protein in meiosis impairs RAD51-mediated DSB repair. We propose that DMC1 acts to prevent RAD51-mediated recombination in Arabidopsis and that this down-regulation requires local assembly of DMC1 nucleofilaments.Author SummaryEssential for fertility and responsible for a major part of genetic variation in sexually reproducing species, meiotic recombination establishes the physical linkages between homologous chromosomes which ensure their balanced segregation in the production of gametes. These linkages, or chiasmata, result from DNA strand exchange catalyzed by the RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases and their numbers and distribution are tightly regulated. Essential for maintaining chromosomal integrity in mitotic cells, the strand-exchange activity of RAD51 is downregulated in meiosis, where it plays a supporting role to the activity of DMC1. Notwithstanding considerable attention from the genetics community, precisely why this is done and the mechanisms involved are far from being fully understood. We show here in the plant Arabidopsis that DMC1 can downregulate RAD51 strand-exchange activity and propose that this may be a general mechanism for suppression of RAD51-mediated recombination in meiosis.
Published: 2022

50. Biogenic signals from plastids and their role in chloroplast development

Author: Monique Liebers, Carolina Cozzi, Finia Uecker, Louise Chambon, Robert Blanvillain, Thomas Pfannschmidt, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Universität Hannover, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Botanik, Pflanzenphysiologie, Dynamiques Chromatiniennes et Transitions Développementales (ChromDev), Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DFG PF 323/7-1, and ANR-17-CE11-0031,PEPRegulChloro3D,Biogenèse du chloroplaste: fonction, régulation et structure de l'ARN-polymérase plastidiale et de ses protéines associées PAP(2017)
Subjects: Chloroplasts, Physiology, Genome, Plastid, cellular communication, Plant Science, biogenic signals, PEP associated proteins, photomorphogenesis, Chloroplast Proteins, light regulation, gene expression, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plastids, Photosynthesis
Abstract: Plant seeds do not contain differentiated chloroplasts. Upon germination, the seedlings thus need to gain photoautotrophy before storage energies are depleted. This requires the coordinated expression of photosynthesis genes encoded in nuclear and plastid genomes. Chloroplast biogenesis needs to be additionally coordinated with the light regulation network that controls seedling development. This coordination is achieved by nucleus to plastid signals called anterograde and plastid to nucleus signals termed retrograde. Retrograde signals sent from plastids during initial chloroplast biogenesis are also called biogenic signals. They have been recognized as highly important for proper chloroplast biogenesis and for seedling development. The molecular nature, transport, targets, and signalling function of biogenic signals are, however, under debate. Several studies disproved the involvement of a number of key components that were at the base of initial models of retrograde signalling. New models now propose major roles for a functional feedback between plastid and cytosolic protein homeostasis in signalling plastid dysfunction as well as the action of dually localized nucleo-plastidic proteins that coordinate chloroplast biogenesis with light-dependent control of seedling development. This review provides a survey of the developments in this research field, summarizes the unsolved questions, highlights several recent advances, and discusses potential new working modes.
Published: 2022

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