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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a condition with high mortality and morbidity, characterized by glutathione depletion, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ferroptosis may be involved in ALF. Indeed, emerging studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a significant role in ALF. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis in hepatocytes during ALF remains unknown.Hepatic-specific transforming growth factor β receptor 1 knockout (TGFβr1In this study, we noticed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced caspases-mediated apoptosis as current research reported, we also found lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and glutathione, co-enzyme Q10 system inhibition mediated ferroptosis during LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF. Rescue studies have shown that ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM), the inhibitor of ferroptosis, could alleviate LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF. In addition, we noticed that TGFβ1 was increased during ALF, while ALF was relieved in TGFβr1This study shows that TGFβr1 plays a critical role in mediating LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF by promoting apoptosis and ferroptosis.

The assembly of East Asia involved multi-directional convergence of several micro-blocks during the Mesozoic. However, the geodynamic and tectonic elements associated with the southwestern convergent tectonic system of East Asia involving the Bangong-Nujiang subduction-collision system remain unclear. The Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone in central Tibet shows a prominent east–west-trending differentiation divided by the Amdo micro-block. Here we evaluate the structural architecture of the Amdo micro-block, together with stratigraphic and paleomagnetic data, geochronological and geochemical data on the multi-stage magmatic and metamorphic rock suites with a view to trace the subduction and closure history of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean as well as the collisions among micro-blocks. We also present new data from outcrop structural analysis which suggest that the micro-block has undergone five episodes of deformation (abbreviated as D1 to D5), which are represented by respectively NW-striking isoclinal tight folds, NE-striking tight folds, E-trending asymmetric folds, V-type conjugate strike-slip shear zones, and top-to-the-southwest thrust faults. In the Early Jurassic, initial active collision occurred between the Amdo micro-block and the Qiangtang Block followed by rifting and back-arc extension of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean south of Amdo and passive collision between the Amdo micro-block and the Qiangtang Block in the late Early Jurassic. In the Middle-Late Jurassic, the Bangong-Nujiang Oceanic lithosphere underwent flat subduction beneath the Amdo micro-block resulting in slab tearing along the western border of the micro-block, large-scale intracontinental orogeny and thrusting. The slab tearing induced eastward mantle and crustal flows, and along with the N-S-directed compression, V-shaped conjugate shear zones formed in the interior of the Amdo micro-block. The intracontinental destruction and deep mantle lithospheric delamination in East Asia triggered the coeval convergent drops of deep materials in late Mesozoic, which drove further collision between the Lhasa Block and the East Asian continent in the Early Cretaceous.

A new type of carbon dots that emit blue emission in aqueous state while cyan emission in solid state was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The photoluminescence quantum yield of the carbon dots in aqueous state and solid state is 7.6% and 29.2%, respectively. The enhanced and red-shifted emission observed in solid state carbon dots is ascribed to surface state change caused by aggregation. The occurrence of surface state change in solid state carbon dots has been evidenced by concentration dependent steady-state photoluminecence spectra and time-resolved luminescence decay. Surface functionalization by Na+ is beneficial for carbon dots to resist luminescence quenching in solid state. A proof-of-concept study was performed to demonstrate the potential application of the obtained carbon dots as inks for anti-counterfeiting and printing high quality fluorescent images.

Hematophagous invertebrates such as mosquitoes, leeches, mites, ticks, lice and bugs cause various problems for humans. Considering reports on insecticide resistance and requirements for improved environmental and toxicological profiles, there is a continuing need to discover and develop new insecticides and repellents. Ethnobotanical surveys of traditional plant-based repellents provide a direct method of identifying plants for potential use. During five field surveys in Bulang, Jinuo and Lahu villages between August 2018 and July 2019, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 237 informants (151 male, 86 female; mean age 63). Frequency of citation, use value, informant consensus factor and Jaccard index were employed to statistically analyze the collected data. A total of 709 use reports relating to 32 plant species and 71 remedies were collected. Similarities and differences between the three groups, as well as the Dai and Hani of Xishuangbanna, who were studied earlier, were shown through network analysis. These five ethnic groups living in the same area have a common understanding of traditional botanical knowledge against hematophagous invertebrates, but each group also possesses unique knowledge. Recording and protecting this traditional knowledge is potentially useful for protecting this cultural diversity and related biodiversity and can also have important practical applications. In this study, traditional knowledge provided us with many new potential plants for follow-up research for the development of new insecticides and repellents, among which Artemisia indica, Nicotiana tabacum and Clausena excavata are the most promising.

The difficulty of effectively monitoring and managing the environment to conserve biodiversity is as yet an unsolved conundrum. A project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has concluded that progress can be made through the use of flagship species selected using criteria drawn from conservation biology, ecosystem function, socio-economics, and cultural importance. Inclusion of the latter three criteria will help attract and maintain the commitment of the public to play full parts in carrying out any conservation measures needed. A system is proposed for scoring species to select those that are most suitable as flagships. This method can be used regardless of the size of the area chosen for attention, whether it is a region, a country, or a particular protected area., Highlights • Solve conservation problem. • Criteria to select flagship species. • Scoring system. • Governance of biodiversity.

The multicolor photoluminescence (PL) of a Tb3+ singly activated NaYGeO4 phosphor is prepared by solid state method. For the first time, it is reported that the PL color of Tb3+ in NaYGeO4 phosphor can be tuned from green to blue and, finally, to red by controlling the Tb3+ content. The optimal tricolor phosphors are NaYGeO4:0.01 mol% Tb3+ (red), NaYGeO4:0.5 mol% Tb3+ (blue) and NaYGeO4:5 mol% Tb3+ (green), respectively. The PL properties of the NaYGeO4:Tb3+ phosphor were studied in details. The results reveal that the PL color modulations of the NaYGeO4:Tb3+ phosphor are essentially due to the cross-relaxation effect of Tb3+, and a possible mechanism on the cross-relaxation is proposed. According to these unique features, a multicolor PL image was fabricated based on the NaYGeO4:Tb3+ phosphor for potential applications in luminescent anticounterfeiting.

Shaking table separation, the main method in dealing with antimony oxide tailings, has too many defects such as poor operational stability and low recovery. A new technical idea was proposed to solve these problems by using an agitated Reflux Classifier to pre-concentrate the tailings before they went to shaking tables. The principle of this separating system was based on hindered settling and agitation effect. This study focuses on the regulation of the bed density distribution in the agitated Reflux Classifier by mechanical agitation to influence particle separation. The experimental results showed that 73.13% of feed are discarded in the tailings by the agitated Reflux Classifier. At the same time, suitable mechanical agitation was able to improve particle properties (both in Sb grade and particle size), which is beneficial to the subsequent shaking table process. Hence this technology has clear potential for pretreating the antimony oxide tailings.

Among the f-f transition of lanthanide ions, trivalent dysprosium (Dy3+) activated luminescence materials always exhibit polychromatic emission with different ratios of blue to yellow emission (B/Y ratio), which originates from the two main transitions 4F9/2 to 6H15/2 and 6H13/2, respectively. Researchers have found the B/Y ratio is dependent on the host structure. Meanwhile, Dy3+-activated luminescence materials have various applications under different excitations. However, the relationship between them (excitation vs emission color) has not been studied yet, which restricts the development of fundamental research and applications. In this study, we reported an excitation-controlled color variation material, the apatite oxynitride phosphor Y5Si3O12N: Dy3+ and investigated the color-reversal phenomenon by switching excitation sources (from UV to VUV or cathode ray) in the material. This phenomenon is unraveled by a defect-assisted charge carrier transport model that the defect could change the chemical surrounding of Dy3+ and result in the blue emission dominant instead of the initial yellow emission. The mechanism is evidenced by the crystal structure analysis, luminescence properties dissect, defects state parse, etc. This study also provides new insights to understand and modulate Dy3+-activated luminescence materials.

SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein (SBP)-box gene family is one kind of plant-specific transcription factor that plays important roles in the process of resisting abiotic stress. The SBP-box gene family has been studied in many species, but their functions are not yet clear in Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (CSS) (tea) plants. In our study, 25 SBP-box genes in the CSS were identified in the reference genome and classified into six groups based on a phylogenetic tree. The expression pattern of CsSBP genes under temperature stresses showed that CsSBPs were involved in the process of resisting temperature stresses. CsSBP8 had a positive effect on the anthocyanin accumulation during high temperature exposures, but CsSBP12 has a high correlation with anthocyanin accumulation during both high and low temperature. This study provides a foundation for the further study of CsSBP genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway during the temperature stress in tea.

The central–south domain of the Tibet Plateau represents an important part of the northern segment of Gondwana during the early Paleozoic. Here we present zircon U–Pb, Lu–Hf isotope, and whole–rock geochemical data from a suite of early Paleozoic magmatic rocks from the central Tibet Plateau, with a view to gain insights into the nature and geotectonic evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana. Zircon grains in four granitic rocks yielded ages of 532−496 Ma with negative eHf(t) values (−13.7 to −0.6). Zircon grains in meta–basalt and mafic gneiss yielded ages of 512 ± 5 Ma and 496 ± 6 Ma, respectively. Geochemically, the granitic rocks belong to high–K calc–alkaline and shoshonitic S–type granite suite, with the protolith derived from the partial melting of ancient crustal components. The mafic gneiss and meta–basalt geochemically resemble OIB (Oceanic Island Basalt) and E–MORB (Enriched Mid–Ocean Ridge Basalt), respectively. They were derived from low degree (∼5–10%) partial melting of an enriched mantle (garnet and spinel lherzolite) that was contaminated by upper crustal components. The parental magmas experienced orthopyroxene–dominated fractional crystallization. Sedimentological features of the Cambrian–Ordovician formations indicate that the depositional cycle transformed from marine regression to transgression leading to the formation of parallel/angular unconformities between the Cambrian and Ordovician strata. The hiatus associated with these unconformities are coupled with the peak of the early Paleozoic magmatism in Tibet Plateau, indicating a tectonic control. We conclude that the Cambrian–Ordovician magmatic suite and sedimentary rocks formed in an extensional setting, and we correlate this with the post–peak stage of the Pan–African orogeny. The post–collision setting associated with delamination, orogenic collapse or lithospheric extension along the northern margin of Gondwana, can account for the Cambrian–Ordovician magmatism and sedimentation, rather than oceanic subduction along the external margin. We thus infer a passive margin setting for the northern Gondwana during the Early Paleozoic.

Herein, using K2Ba7Si16O40 as a host, we achieved strong cyan persistent luminescence (PersL) through codoping Eu2+ and Nd3+ ions. In comparison with Eu2+ ions single doped sample, the initial PersL intensity and duration of Nd3+ ions co-doped sample (in which Eu2+ and Nd3+ concentration was optimized to be 0.015 mol) were discovered to be 4.8 times stronger and 6.5 times longer, respectively. The PersL duration of which above 0.32 mcd m-2 sustained more than 10 h. Moreover, Nd3+ ions co-doping not only substantially enhances photoluminescence (PL) emission of Eu2+ ions but also the thermal stability, attributed to the energy transfer from the newly acquired traps to the 5d energy levels of Eu2+ ions, leading to the radiative recombination. This significant discovery greatly expands the filed of PersL phosphors and provides a theoretical basis and a new approach by introducing appropriate traps to minimize the thermal quenching and improve the efficient of luminescent materials.

Pt nanoparticle-anchored zirconium-based metal organic framework nanocomposites (Pt@UiO66-NH2) with large surface areas and highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles were synthesized and applied to prepare acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensors for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) detection. Because of integrative impact of excellent electron conduction channels and the increasing of adsorption sites of Pt@UiO66-NH2 as well as the ultrahigh surface area to increase AChE immobilization, the prepared biosensors exhibited high sensitivity towards malathion (as a model for OPs), malathion was detected ranging from 1 × 10−14 M to 1 × 10−9 M and 4.9 × 10−15 M was regarded as limit of detection. The biosensors also displayed accurately. Moreover, the Pt@UiO66-NH2/GCE was used to detect OPs in cabbage and apple samples. This study manifests the profound potential of metal nanoparticle/MOF composites for biosensors with improved electrochemical performance.

Rational regulation of photogenerated carrier separation and transfer is a significant strategy to optimize the photocatalytic activity. Given that the synergistic effect of crystal-face engineering and interfacial heterojunction modification, selective deposition of Ag2O nanoparticles onto BiVO4 (040) facet has been realized successfully via the surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method combined with a facile coprecipitation process. As expected, compared to pure BiVO4 and Ag2O, BiVO4 (040)/Ag2O heterostructures have revealed great enhancements in photocatalytic O2 evolution and methylene blue (MB) degradation capacities no matter under UV, Vis or NIR light irradiation. In-depth investigations confirm that the pronounced photooxidation performances are attributed to not only the outstanding capability in harvesting photon energies spanning from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) regions, but also the accelerated charge carrier separation boosted by the charge density redistribution inside the BiVO4 homojunction.

A novel apatite blue/green phosphor Ca6Y4(SiO4)2(PO4)4O2:Eu2+/Tb3+ (CYSP: Eu2+/Tb3+) was designed and successfully synthesized via solid-state reaction. A detailed structure analysis of CYSP was researched by Rietveld refinement and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The electronic structure of CYSP has been learned from First-principles calculation. CYSP: Eu2+ exhibits a wide reception band covering from 240 to 420 nm and performs blue emission (λmax = 445 nm). Simultaneously, CYSP: Tb3+ presents linear absorption varying from 240 to 390 nm and performs green emission (λmax = 543 nm). The temperature dependent PL properties of CYSP:Eu2+/Tb3+ was studied, which proves that the CYSP:Tb3+ has good thermal stability (over 90% under 175 °C) while the thermal stability of CYSP:Eu2+ is mediocre. The cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of CYSP:Tb3+ below constant low-voltage electron-beam excitation were obtained and demonstrated the excellent degradation resistance properties of CYSP:Tb3+. Our results provide a novel reference in apatite-based phosphors and a novel blue-green phosphor CYSP: Tb3+ demanded to have possible applications in field emission displays.

The effect of grinding on the spodumene flotation was investigated. The flotation response of spodumene ground by different mills was different, due to the variation of metal ions on spodumene surfaces caused by grinding environments and/or impurities. The samples were subjected to acid pickling treatment to remove most of the metal ions from the surfaces, and then all samples showed the same poor flotation response, which confirmed the significance of surface metal ions. Metal ion impurities may come from both grinding environments and lattice substitutions in spodumene. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that Fe and Ca could exist as lattice substitutions on the spodumene surface while Mg substitution is unlikely to occur. Furthermore, Fe is considered to be active site for the absorption of sodium oleate on the spodumene surface. Morphology analysis showed differences in particle size and shape for samples ground by different mills, resulting in different amounts of exposed surfaces. The particle size, cleavage characteristics caused by grinding environments, and metal ion impurities originated from grinding and isomorphous substitutions, play significant roles in the chemisorption of collector on the spodumene surface.

In this work, a novel luminescence material, SSZ-39 zeolite doped by Eu2+ ions with tunable emission was obtained by the ion-exchange method followed by reducing atmosphere annealed process. And series of samples synthesized based on various reaction time of the ion-exchange process were investigated. SSZ-39 zeolite is a silicoaluminate material with large cavities interconnected through small pore openings, and exhibits excellent catalytic performance and good (hydro)thermal stability. It has been successfully synthesized and its structure was characterized by XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, FT-IR, TEM, EDX and XPS techniques. The cages of SSZ-39 zeolite provide an isolated and steady environment for the luminescent centers. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the Eu2+-SSZ-39 zeolite samples were investigated in detail by emission and excitation spectra, decay curves, and temperature dependence spectra. The brightest sample under 338 nm UV light excitation could generate a broad emission band peaks at about 459 nm. In addition, the strong tunable blue emission and the good thermal stability properties indicate the potential application of Eu2+-SSZ-39 zeolite in the LED phosphor.

Background Default-mode network (DMN) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of obsessive−compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the network homogeneity (NH) of DMN in OCD remains equivocal. Objective This study aimed to investigate abnormalities in the NH of the DMN at rest and the correlation between the NH of DMN and clinical variables in patients with OCD. Methods This study used the independent component analysis and unbiased hypothesis-driven NH method to analyze the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 40 drug-naive patients with OCD and 40 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs). Results Patients with OCD exhibited decreased NH values in the left ventral medial prefrontal cortex and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus (PCu) compared with HCs. Furthermore, analyses of receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the decreased NH values in the right PCC/PCu may be used as a candidate neuroimaging marker to distinguish patients with OCD from HCs. Conclusion These findings contribute new evidence of the participation of the altered NH of the DMN in the pathophysiology of OCD. Trial Registration Study on the mechanism of brain network in obsessive-compulsive disorder with multi-model magnetic resonance imaging (ChiCTR-COC-17013301).

Solid solution phosphors Gd3Ga2(Al3-ySiy)(O12-yNy):Ce3+ were synthesized by introducing [Si4++N3–]/[Al3++O2–] co-substitution into the lattice of Gd3Ga2Al3O12:Ce3+. Gd3Ga2Al3O12:Ce3+, characteristic as outstanding light yield (about 50–60 kPh/ MeV), and has been applied in computer tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) nuclear medical detector, et al. With the increase of y value, the coordination environment around Gd3+(Ce3+) shrinked, which were confirmed by combining techniques of structure refinement, energy- dispersive spectrum, elements distribution mapping. As a result, stronger 5d orbital nephelauxetic effect (ec) and bigger 5d energy level splitting (ecfs) were induced. Thus resulting in longer wavelength of excitation and emission from Ce3+, and broadening of emission spectra. The typical sample Gd2.95Ga2Al2.5Si0.5O11.5N0.5:0.05Ce3+ (GGASON0.5:Ce3+) exhibits sufficient red component and persistent luminescence(>10 ms), enables fabrication of warm white light suited for alternating-current (AC) when combined with blue light chip (460 nm).