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Prostate cancer (PC) is the malignant neoplasm with the highest incidence after lung cancer worldwide. The objective of this study is to review the literature on the methods that improve the efficacy of the current strategy for the early diagnosis of clinically significant PC (csPC), based on the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (RM) and targeted biopsies when suspicious lesions are detected, in addition to systematic biopsy.A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane according to the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), using the search terms: multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers in prostate cancer, prostate cancer y early diagnosis. A total of 297 references were identified and, using the PICO selection criteria, 21 publications were finally selected to synthesize the evidence.With the consolidation of MRI as the test of choice for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the role of PSA density (PSAD) becomes relevant as a predictive tool included in prediction nomograms, without added cost. PSAD and diagnostic markers, combined with MRI, offer a high diagnostic power with an area under curve (AUC) above 0.7. Only the SHTLM3 model integrates markers in the creation of a nomogram. Prediction models also offer consistent efficacy with an AUC greater than 0.8 when associating MRI.The efficacy of MRI in clinically significant prostate cancer detection can be improved with different parameters in order to generate predictive models that support decision making.

Skin wound healing leads to the recovery of tissue structure and homeostasis after injury. Numerous factors can hamper wound healing and complete recovery of the harmed tissue, causing the formation of scars or chronic wounds. Therapeutic options to improve wound regeneration are limited, possibly due to failure during pre-clinical validation toward clinical trials. In this article, the authors aim to convey key points and provide recommendations for the development of regenerative agents that improve wound healing using mouse models.First, the authors highlight the differences in the wound healing processes of mice and humans. Later, the authors apply a quasi-systematic research approach based on a search algorithm of 32 terms that focuses on in vivomouse model assays of regenerative factors. The authors analyze the top 20 most cited articles of 2241 hits produced by Scopus. The authors focus the search on a period covering the last 10 years (January 2011 to October 2021). The authors synthesize information from the top 20 articles and present the most common type of mouse model used, mouse characteristics (strain, sex, age, weight), surgical wounding technique employed (size, location, equipment), agents tested, methods of wound monitoring, regeneration assessment and key points to consider for the translational potential of these agents. This knowledge will help the scientific community design better in vivo assays and translate their results to further research and clinical validation.

Resumen Objetivo Determinar las caracteristicas clinicas, sociodemograficas y tratamiento de la EII en un registro de la poblacion colombiana. Metodologia Estudio observacional descriptivo, analitico, multicentrico, de corte transversal de una cohorte nacional de pacientes con EII en 17 centros de nueve ciudades del pais. Resultados Se documentaron 2,291 pacientes con EII, 1,813 (79.1%) con CU, 456 (19.9%) con EC y 22 con EII no clasificable (0.9%). La razon CU/EC es de 3.9:1. 18.5% de los pacientes con CU y 47.3% con EC han recibido terapia biologica. Los pacientes con CU extensa presentaban mayor uso de terapia biologica (OR = 2.78; IC 95%: 2.10-3.65; P = 0.000), mayor tasa de cirugia (OR = 5.4; IC 95%: 3.5-8.3; P = 0.000) y mayor frecuencia de hospitalizacion (OR = 4.34; IC 95%: 3.47-5.44; P = 0.000). Los pacientes con CU severa presentaban mayor uso de terapia biologica (OR = 5.04; IC 95%: 3.75-6.78; P = 0.000), mayor tasa de cirugia (OR = 8.64; IC 95%: 5.4-13.78; P = 0.000) y mayor frecuencia de hospitalizacion (OR = 28.45; IC 95%: 19.9-40.7; P = 0.000). Los pacientes con EC inflamatorio (B1) presentaban menor frecuencia de hospitalizacion (OR = 0.12; IC 95%: 0.07-0.19; P = 0.000), menor tasa de cirugia (OR = 0.08; IC 95%: 0.043-0.15; P: 0.000) y menor uso de terapia biologica (OR = 0.26; IC 95%: 0.17-0.41; P: 0.000). Conclusion En nuestro pais existe un predominio de CU sobre EC (3.9:1), como ocurre en otros paises de Latinoamerica. Los pacientes con CU extensa y severa y con EC de comportamiento no inflamatorio (B2, B3) tienen peor pronostico.

Resumen Introduccion Las Guias de Practica Clinica para el Diagnostico y Tratamiento de la Pancreatitis Aguda (GPCDTPA) han sido disenadas con la finalidad de disminuir la morbimortalidad de esta grave enfermedad. Objetivo Identificar el conocimiento de las GPCDTPA en hospitales de Veracruz. Material y metodos Estudio observacional, descriptivo, multicentrico realizado en cuatro hospitales de Veracruz, aplicando encuesta para evaluar su conocimiento en medicos y residentes que atienden pacientes con pancreatitis aguda. El analisis de los resultados se realizo por estadistica descriptiva. Resultados Se aplicaron 74 encuestas: 55.4% a medicos adscritos y 44.59% a residentes. La GPCDTPA mas conocida fue la de la Asociacion Mexicana de Gastroenterologia (AMG) (67.57%), seguida por la del Consejo de Salubridad General de la Secretaria de Salud (CENETEC) (54.05%) y la del Colegio Americano de Gastroenterologia (ACG) (48.65%). El 97.30% de los medicos utilizaron rutinariamente una sonda nasogastrica, el 79.73% consideran muy importante el inicio temprano de la nutricion enteral, el 98.65% la reposicion hidrica generosa, el 85.14% no emplearon antimicrobianos de rutina, el 63.51% realizan la TAC a partir de las 72 h y el 87.84% consideran que la indicacion quirurgica es la necrosis infectada, preferentemente despues de la tercera semana. Discusion y conclusiones En nuestro medio las GPCDTPA mas conocidas fueron las de la AMG y CENETEC y su conocimiento es inferior al 85.00%, por lo que es recomendable su difusion para garantizar resultados optimos en el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda.

Resumen: Introducción: La cirrosis es un problema grave de salud pública a nivel mundial, con variaciones regionales determinadas por factores culturales y su desarrollo económico. Objetivo: Conocer las características de los factores socioculturales y económicos de los pacientes con cirrosis en Veracruz. Material y métodos: Estudio retrolectivo, multicéntrico y relacional en pacientes con cirrosis en cinco instituciones de Salud de Veracruz. Las variables analizadas fueron: etiología, edad, sexo, estado civil, escolaridad, ocupación y remuneración económica. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial para la obtener X2, con nivel de significancia de 0.05; se empleó el ordenador IBM-SPSS, versión 25.0 para Windows. Resultados: Se incluyeron 182 expedientes con cirrosis. La etiología fue: consumo crónico de alcohol (47.8%), enfermedad viral (28.5%), enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica (EHGNA) (8.79%), autoinmune (4.40%), colestasis (1.64%) y criptogénica (8.8%); la edad promedio fue 66.14 ± 13.91 años con predominio del sexo masculino (58.79%); al comparar los factores socioculturales y económicos en relación con su etiología observamos que en los alcohólicos el sexo masculino, la educación media y superior y la soltería fueron estadísticamente significativos al resto (p

Introduction: There is little control of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in secondary prevention after an ischaemic stroke, in part due to a lack of adherence to treatment. The CV polypill may contribute to proper treatment adherence, which is necessary for CV disease prevention. This study aimed to establish how and in what cases the CV polypill should be administered. Methods: A group of 8 neurologists drafted consensus recommendations using structured brainstorming and based on their experience and a literature review. Results: These recommendations are based on the opinion of the participating experts. The use of the CV polypill is beneficial for patients, healthcare professionals, and the health system. Its use is most appropriate for atherothrombotic stroke, lacunar stroke, stroke associated with cognitive impairment, cryptogenic stroke with CV risk factors, and silent cerebrovascular disease. It is the preferred treatment in cases of suspected poor adherence, polymedicated patients, elderly people, patients with polyvascular disease or severe atherothrombosis, young patients in active work, and patients who express a preference for the CV polypill. Administration options include switching from individual drugs to the CV polypill, starting treatment with the CV polypill in the acute phase in particular cases, use in patients receiving another statin or an angiotensin ii receptor antagonist, or de novo use if there is suspicion of poor adherence. Nevertheless, use of the CV polypill requires follow-up on the achievement of the therapeutic objectives to make dose adjustments. Conclusions: This document is the first to establish recommendations for the use of the CV polypill in cerebrovascular disease, beyond its advantages in terms of treatment adherence. Resumen: Introducción: El control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (CV) en la prevención secundaria tras un ictus isquémico es bajo, en parte debido a la falta de adherencia terapéutica. La polipíldora CV puede contribuir a la buena cumplimentación del adecuado tratamiento para la prevención cerebrovascular. El objetivo fue establecer cómo y en qué casos se debería administrar. Métodos: Un grupo de 8 neurólogos redactaron recomendaciones consensuadas mediante una técnica de brainstorming estructurado, basándose en su experiencia y en una revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: Los resultados atienden a la opinión de los expertos. El uso de la polipíldora CV tiene ventajas para pacientes, profesionales sanitarios y para el sistema de salud. Las situaciones clínicas más adecuadas para su uso son el ictus aterotrombótico, el lacunar, el asociado a deterioro cognitivo, el criptogénico con factores de riesgo CV y la enfermedad cerebrovascular silente. Su uso preferente incluye la sospecha de mal cumplimiento, a los pacientes polimedicados, ancianos, polivasculares o con alta carga aterotrombótica, jóvenes activos laboralmente y pacientes con preferencias por la polipíldora CV. Las opciones de administración incluyen el paso de fármacos individuales a la polipíldora CV, el inicio directo desde la fase aguda en casos particulares, a los pacientes con otra estatina o con un antagonista del receptor de la angiotensina ii, o de novo si hubiera sospecha de mala adherencia. No obstante, su uso implica realizar seguimiento del cumplimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos para ajustar la dosis. Conclusiones: Este documento es el primero en establecer recomendaciones de uso de la polipíldora CV en enfermedad cerebrovascular, aparte de sus ventajas sobre la adherencia.

Introduction: Malignant tumors of the digestive system are a public health problem with epidemiologic variations attributed to factors resulting from the aging of the population and lifestyle changes. Therefore, estimating the future magnitude of the problem is prudent. Aim: To determine the epidemiologic projection up to 2025 of malignant tumors of the digestive system in Veracruz. Materials and methods: A predictive, analytic, observational study was conducted on patients belonging to the Public health sector of Veracruz that presented with digestive system cancer, within the time frame of 2000-2016, carrying out a disease projection up to 2025. The IBM SPSS 22.0 program was utilized for the statistical analysis, employing simple linear regression. A comparative analysis of the data was carried out and results are shown in scatter graphs. Results: A total of 2,540 cases were included in the study. Mean patient age was 63.25 ± 13.43, with a predominance of men at 56.65%. The most frequent tumor locations were in the colon and rectum (25.04%), liver (23.66%), and stomach (21.93%). Less frequent sites were the esophagus (4.88%) and small bowel (5.08%). A general 7.63% increase in the disease was predicted for 2025, with increases to 11.51% for esophageal cancer, 7.22% for gastric cancer, 9.09% for colorectal cancer, 5.98% for liver cancer, 7.88% for pancreatic cancer, and 6.46% for cancer of the gallbladder and bile ducts. Only cancer of the small bowel showed a predicted decrease to 3.33%. Discussion and conclusions: The results of the present study predict that digestive system cancers in Veracruz will increase importantly by 2025, with colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer as the most frequent tumors, in descending order. The other cancers are estimated to maintain a discrete line of growth. In addition to predicting the behavior of those cancers, the results of the present study are useful for estimating the resources that will be needed for their care by 2025. Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: Las neoplasias malignas del aparato digestivo representan un problema de salud pública con variaciones epidemiológicas atribuidas a factores resultantes del envejecimiento poblacional y cambios del estilo de vida por lo que es conveniente estimar la magnitud del problema a futuro. Objetivo: Determinar la proyección epidemiológica a 2025 de las neoplasias malignas de aparato digestivo en Veracruz. Material y métodos: Estudio predictivo, analítico, observacional de pacientes con cáncer de aparato digestivo del Sector Salud de Veracruz durante 2000-2016 y su proyección al 2025. Análisis estadístico: Se utilizó el programa IBM SPSS 22.0, regresión lineal simple. Los datos se analizaron de forma comparativa y representados mediante gráficos de dispersión. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2,540 casos, con promedio de edad 66.93 ± 14.94, predominando el género masculino 56.65%, la localización más frecuente fue colorrectal 25.04%, hígado 23.66% y gástrico 21.93%; siendo los de menor frecuencia esofágico (4.88%) y de intestino delgado 85.07%. Para 2025 se aprecia un incremento de 7.63% en general, el cáncer de esófago de 11.51%, estómago 7.22%, colorrectal 9.09%, hígado 5.98%, páncreas 7.88% y vesícula y vías biliares 6.46%, solamente el cáncer de intestino delgado mostró decremento de 3.32%. Discusión y conclusiones: Las neoplasias del aparato digestivo en Veracruz sufrirán un incremento importante para el 2025 siendo los más frecuentes el colorrectal y el carcinoma hepatocelular con descenso a tercer lugar del gástrico, el resto mantendrá una línea de crecimiento discreta. Los resultados además de predecir su comportamiento son de utilidad para estimar los recursos necesarios para su atención en el 2025.

Resumen Introduccion El sindrome de cefalea y deficits neurologicos transitorios con pleocitosis en liquido cefalorraquideo (acronimo en ingles, HaNDL) se caracteriza por la presencia de uno o mas episodios de cefalea y deficits neurologicos transitorios asociados con linfocitosis en liquido cefalorraquideo. Hasta la fecha actual se han reportado escasos episodios de HaNDL con clinica compatible con cuadro confusional, y no se encuentran descritas mediciones de Doppler transcraneal (DTC) en pacientes afectos de HaNDL y cuadro confusional. En los registros DTC realizados en pacientes con afectacion focal se han objetivado datos indicativos de alteraciones vasomotoras. Desarrollo Presentamos el caso clinico y los resultados de pruebas complementarias de un varon de 42 anos afecto de cefalea, sindrome confusional, pleocitosis, electroencefalograma (EEG) con enlentecimiento difuso, DTC con elevacion de velocidades en ambas arterias cerebrales medias y tomografia computarizada por emision de foton unico compatible con afectacion difusa de predominio hemisferico izquierdo. Conclusiones Aportamos a la literatura el primer paciente descrito que auna sindrome de HaNDL, cuadro confusional, EEG compatible con afectacion difusa y DTC con aceleracion de velocidades. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren una relacion entre las alteraciones vasomotoras y la fisiopatologia del HaNDL, y consideramos que el DTC es una herramienta util para el diagnostico precoz del HaNDL.

Introduction: HaNDL syndrome (transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis) is characterised by one or more episodes of headache and transient neurological deficits associated with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis. To date, few cases of HaNDL manifesting with confusional symptoms have been described. Likewise, very few patients with HaNDL and confusional symptoms have been evaluated with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). TCD data from patients with focal involvement reveal changes consistent with vasomotor alterations. Development: We present the case of a 42-year-old man who experienced headache and confusional symptoms and displayed pleocytosis, diffuse slow activity on EEG, increased blood flow velocity in both middle cerebral arteries on TCD, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings suggestive of diffuse involvement, especially in the left hemisphere. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first description of a patient with HaNDL, confusional symptoms, diffuse slow activity on EEG, and increased blood flow velocity in TCD. Our findings suggest a relationship between cerebral vasomotor changes and the pathophysiology of HaNDL. TCD may be a useful tool for early diagnosis of HaNDL. Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de cefalea y déficits neurológicos transitorios con pleocitosis en líquido cefalorraquídeo (acrónimo en inglés, HaNDL) se caracteriza por la presencia de uno o más episodios de cefalea y déficits neurológicos transitorios asociados con linfocitosis en líquido cefalorraquídeo. Hasta la fecha actual se han reportado escasos episodios de HaNDL con clínica compatible con cuadro confusional, y no se encuentran descritas mediciones de Doppler transcraneal (DTC) en pacientes afectos de HaNDL y cuadro confusional. En los registros DTC realizados en pacientes con afectación focal se han objetivado datos indicativos de alteraciones vasomotoras. Desarrollo: Presentamos el caso clínico y los resultados de pruebas complementarias de un varón de 42 años afecto de cefalea, síndrome confusional, pleocitosis, electroencefalograma (EEG) con enlentecimiento difuso, DTC con elevación de velocidades en ambas arterias cerebrales medias y tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único compatible con afectación difusa de predominio hemisférico izquierdo. Conclusiones: Aportamos a la literatura el primer paciente descrito que aúna síndrome de HaNDL, cuadro confusional, EEG compatible con afectación difusa y DTC con aceleración de velocidades. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren una relación entre las alteraciones vasomotoras y la fisiopatología del HaNDL, y consideramos que el DTC es una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico precoz del HaNDL. Keywords: HaNDL, Pseudomigraine with pleocytosis, Acute confusional syndrome, Cerebral vasomotor changes, Transcranial Doppler, Cannabis and cocaine use, Palabras clave: HaNDL, Pseudomigraña con pleocitosis, Síndrome confusional, Vasoespasmo, Doppler transcraneal, Consumo de cannabis y cocaína

Resumen: Introducción: La colecistectomía subtotal ha sido empleada en casos de colecistectomía técnicamente difícil con objeto de evitar la lesión de la vía biliar principal. En México existen pocos reportes, por lo que consideramos importante presentar la experiencia de 18 años de un grupo quirúrgico en el sur-sureste de México. Objetivo: Determinar la seguridad de la colecistectomía subtotal laparoscópica en pacientes con colecistitis aguda. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional y comparativo en pacientes con litiasis vesicular sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica. Variables analizadas: Características antropométricas, comorbilidades, tasa de conversión, duración del acto quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria, morbimortalidad. Análisis estadístico: Se aplicaron mediadas centrales y de dispersión y desviación estándar, por estadística descriptiva aplicando el programa SPSS v22. Resultados: Se revisaron 1,101 expedientes de pacientes con litiasis vesicular, 223 presentaron colecistitis aguda (20.25%), los cuales fueron divididos en 2 grupos: A) Colecistectomía total (82.95%) y B) Colecistectomía subtotal (17.05%). Las características antropométricas, los factores de riesgo, el índice de conversión y estancia hospitalaria fueron similares en ambos grupos, solamente el tiempo quirúrgico fue superior en el grupo de colecistectomía subtotal. Las complicaciones se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en la subtotal presentando una defunción y no hubo lesión de la vía biliar, todos sin significación estadística entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: La colecistectomía subtotal es un valioso recurso en pacientes con colecistitis aguda; en nuestra serie fue un procedimiento seguro y confiable para evitar la lesión de la vía biliar. Se requieren mayor número de casos para corroborar dicha afirmación. Abstract: Introduction: Subtotal cholecystectomy has been employed in cases of tecnically difficult cholecystectomy to prevent common bile duct injury. Given that there are few reports in Mexico on the theme, we consider it important to present the 18-year experience of a surgical group in the South-Southeast of Mexico. Aim: To determine the safety of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis. Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational, and comparative study was conducted on patients with gallstones that underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The variables analyzed were: anthropometric characteristics, comorbidities, conversion rate, surgery duration, hospital stay, and morbidity and mortality. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were applied through measures of central tendency and dispersion and standard deviation, utilizing the SPSS v22 program. Results: A total of 1,101 medical records of patients with gallstones were reviewed. Of those patients, 223 presented with acute cholecystitis (20.25%) and they were divided into 2 groups: A) total cholecystectomy (82.95%) and B) subtotal cholecystectomy (17.05%). The anthropometric characteristics, risk factors, conversion rate, and hospital stay were similar in both groups. Only surgery duration was longer in the subtotal cholecystectomy group. Complications were more frequent, there was 1 death, and there was no bile duct injury in the subtotal cholecystectomy group. Those results were not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusions: Subtotal cholecystectomy is a valuable resource in patients with acute cholecystitis. In our case series, it was a safe and reliable procedure for preventing bile duct injury. A larger number of cases are needed to corroborate those results. Palabras clave: Colecistectomía subtotal laparoscópica, Colelitiasis aguda, Colecistectomía técnicamente difícil, Keywords: Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy, Acute gallstone disease, Technically difficult cholecystectomy

In this work, a new methodology to evaluate solids transport in the froth was tested and validated. The methodology was based on using solid radioactive tracers, which was implemented in a two-dimensional flotation cell. The prototype cell represented a radial section of an industrial flotation cell (130 m3) and was operated at steady state using a two-phase (air-water) system. The experimental tests consisted of adding a small amount of radioactive solid tracer (0.3 g) near the top of the froth (TOF) or near the bottom of the froth (close to the interface). A non-floatable mineral was selected as the solid to evaluate both the solids entrainment into the concentrate and the solids settling into the collection zone. The solid tracer consisted of fine and coarse gangue particles with P80 values of 35 and 120 µm, respectively. Twelve collimated sensors located along the froth and collection zones allowed the evaluation of solids transport in the froth and solids settling from the froth to the collection zone after tracer addition at different distances from the discharge lip. The results obtained using the new methodology were in good agreement with the expected tendencies: a longer distance to the froth discharge lip as well as a coarser particle size promotes higher solids settling from the froth to the pulp zone while decreasing the solids entrainment into the concentrate. In addition, froth surface velocity measurements were performed using the Visiofroth system, and good agreement was observed between the froth bubble velocity and the solids transport velocity measured near the discharge lip. These results provide experimental evidence that solids radioactive tracers are a powerful tool to study and quantify particle motion in the froth, solids entrainment and solids settling into the collection zone.

Crassostrea virginica was exposed to different light crude oil levels to assess the effect on transcriptomic response and metabolic rate. The exposure time was 21 days, and levels of 100 and 200 μg/L were used, including a control. The most significant difference among treatments was the overexpression of several genes associated with energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, immune system response, and inflammatory response. Also, a hydrocarbon concentration-related pattern was identified in ROS regulation, with a gene expression ratio near 1.8:1 between 200 and 100 μg/L treatments. Statistical analysis showed no interaction effect for metabolic rate; however, significant differences were found for oil concentration and time factors, with a higher oxygen consumption at 200 μg/L. Our findings provide novel information about the metabolic response of C. virginica during hydrocarbons exposure. In addition, our results point out which biological processes should be investigated as targets for searching bioindicators.

Program summary Program Title: gSeaGen CPC Library link to program files: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ymgxvy2br4.1 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: C++ External routines/libraries: GENIE [1] and its external dependencies. Linkable to MUSIC [2] and PROPOSAL [3]. Nature of problem: Development of a code to generate detectable events in neutrino telescopes, using modern and maintained neutrino interaction simulation libraries which include the state-of-the-art physics models. The default application is the simulation of neutrino interactions within KM3NeT [4]. Solution method: Neutrino interactions are simulated using GENIE, a modern framework for Monte Carlo event generators. The GENIE framework, used by nearly all modern neutrino experiments, is considered as a reference code within the neutrino community. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The code was tested with GENIE version 2.12.10 and it is linkable with release series 3. Presently valid up to 5 TeV. This limitation is not intrinsic to the code but due to the present GENIE valid energy range. References: [1] C. Andreopoulos at al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A614 (2010) 87. [2] P. Antonioli et al., Astropart. Phys. 7 (1997) 357. [3] J. H. Koehne et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 2070. [4] S. Adrián-Martínez et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 43 (2016) 084001., The gSeaGen code is a GENIE-based application developed to efficiently generate high statistics samples of events, induced by neutrino interactions, detectable in a neutrino telescope. The gSeaGen code is able to generate events induced by all neutrino flavours, considering topological differences between tracktype and shower-like events. Neutrino interactions are simulated taking into account the density and the composition of the media surrounding the detector. The main features of gSeaGen are presented together with some examples of its application within the KM3NeT project., French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-15-CE31-0020, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Union (EU), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France, IdEx program, France, UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-11-IDEX-000502, Paris Ile-de-France Region, France, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG), Georgia FR-18-1268, German Research Foundation (DFG), Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program Italy NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S, Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government, National Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758, National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento, Spain (MCIU/FEDER) PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-A-C42 PGC2018-096663-BC43 PGC2018-096663-B-C44, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MCIU), Junta de Andalucia, Spain SOMM17/6104/UGR, Generalitat Valenciana: Grisolia, Spain GRISOLIA/2018/119, GenT, Spain CIDEGENT/2018/034, La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019, EU: MSC program, Spain 713673

A novel approach to detect and locate buckling from distributed optical sensors is proposed in this paper by means of a second derivative analysis of the strain measurements. This methodology demonstrates that non-linear events are prone to significant changes in the full-field strain shape obtained using a dense distributed optical network, whose measurements were processed earlier using a Savitzy-Golay filter. Moreover, these non-linear events can be identified without needing to know the load step value. A buckling test was conducted in a stiffened composite panel representative of a cockpit fuselage skin stiffened by two omega stiffeners plus two fastened metallic frames. A distributed fibre optic network was bonded to the flat panel side in a crooked configuration. The panel was also instrumented using conventional back-to-back strain gauge rosettes and a high-speed-camera to establish a qualitative comparison with the distributed strain contour map. Through the proposed methodology, the detection and location of the global and local buckling were successfully conducted.

A study of froth liquid transport in flotation cells with very low bubble loading was performed in a two-dimensional flotation cell using a two-phase (air–water) system. The prototype represents a radial section of an industrial flotation cell (130 m3) and was operated at steady state. The experimental tests consisted of adding a small amount (0.02 mL) of radioactive liquid tracer I131 (in a NaI solution) on top of the froth (TOF) or near the bottom of the froth (interface). Eight collimated sensors located along the froth and collection zones allowed the evaluation of liquid transport and drainage in the froth after tracer addition at different distances from the discharge lip. Longer distances to the overflow discharge lip promote higher water drainage from the froth to the collection zone. For the liquid content near the top of the froth, the liquid drainage increased gradually from almost nil to approximately 50% when the distance to the lip level was increased from 5 to 98 cm. In contrast, the liquid content in the froth near the interface was almost fully drained for distances larger than 15 cm from the discharge lip. This information was complemented by froth surface velocity measurements using the Visiofroth system and showed a good agreement with the liquid transport velocity measured near the discharge lip wall. The increase in the frothcrowder angle (40–50°) also showed a significant effect on the froth liquid transport velocity and similar drainage characteristics.

Introduction and objectives Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) have the potential to restore vasomotion but the clinical implications are unknown. We sought to evaluate angina and ischemia in the long-term in patients treated with BVS and metallic drug-eluting stents (mDES). Methods Multicenter study including patients with 24 ± 6 months of uneventful follow-up, in which stress echocardiography was performed and functional status was assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). The primary endpoint was a positive result in stress echocardiography. Results The study included 102 patients treated with BVS and 106 with mDES. There were no differences in the patients’ baseline characteristics. Recurrent angina was found in 18 patients (17.6%) in the BVS group vs 25 (23.5%) in the mDES group ( P = .37), but SAQ results were significantly better in the BVS group (angina frequency 96.0 ± 8.0 vs 89.2 ± 29.7; P = .02). Stress echocardiography was positive in 11/92 (11.9%) of BVS patients vs 9/96 (9.4%) of mDES patients in the ( P = .71) and angina was induced in 2/102 (1.9%) vs 7/106 (6.6%) ( P = .18), respectively, but exercise performance was better in the BVS group even in those with positive tests (exercise duration 9.0 ± 2.0 minutes vs 7.7 ± 1.8 minutes; P = .02). A propensity score matching analysis yielded similar results. Conclusions The primary endpoint was similar in both groups. In addition, recurrent angina was similar in patients with BVS and mDES. The better functional status, assessed by means of SAQ and exercise performance, detected in patients receiving BVS should be confirmed in further studies.

MicroRNAs are heterochronic molecules important during brain development, which could be altered by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). To explore these molecules in maternal serum, we performed an RT-qPCR analysis. Our results revealed the heterochronic character of some neural development-related microRNA in serum samples of pregnant women. In relation to the first trimester, higher levels of miR-183-5p, -200b-3p, and -125-5p in the second trimester, and higher levels of miR-137 in the third trimester, were found. Furthermore, an insult such as GDM led to higher levels of miR-183-5p, -200b-3p, -125-5p, and -1290 relative to the control in the first trimester, which might be related to changes in neurogenesis and cell proliferation. An in silico analysis suggested that increased microRNAs in the second trimester in the control contributed to cell proliferation and neuron differentiation and that the rise in miR-137 in the third trimester led to neuron maturation. In the diabetic, higher levels of the microRNAs in the first trimester suggested alterations in cell proliferation and neuron differentiation. In conclusion, we showed that fetal-related microRNAs can be detected in the serum of pregnant woman and exhibit temporary regulation during pregnancy and that microRNAs involved in cell proliferation and neuron differentiation are upregulated under GDM.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos Los armazones vasculares bioabsorbibles (AVB) tienen el potencial de restaurar la vasomotilidad, pero se desconocen las implicaciones clinicas. En este estudio se evaluan la angina y la isquemia a largo plazo tras el implante de AVB y stents farmacoactivos metalicos (SFAm). Metodos Estudio multicentrico, que incluyo a pacientes tras 24 ± 6 meses de evolucion sin eventos a los que se realizo ecografia de estres y se aplico el Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). El objetivo primario fue el resultado positivo en la ecografia de estres. Resultados Se incluyo a 102 pacientes tratados con AVB y 106 con SFAm, sin diferencias basales significativas. Se produjo recurrencia de la angina en 18 pacientes (17,6%) con AVB frente a 25 (23,5%) con SFAm (p = 0,37), pero los resultados del SAQ fueron significativamente mejores en el grupo AVB (frecuencia de angina, 96.0 ± 8.0 frente a 89,2 ± 29,7; p = 0,02). La ecografia de estres fue positiva en 11/92 (11,9%) con AVB frente a 9/96 (9,4%) con SFAm (p = 0,71) y se indujo angina en 2/102 (1,9%) frente a 7/106 (6,6%) (p = 0,18), pero el desempeno en el ejercicio fue mejor con AVB incluso en aquellos con tests positivos (duracion del ejercicio, 9,0 ± 2,0 frente a 7,7 ± 1,8 min; p = 0,02). Un analisis por puntuacion de propension de tratamiento ofrecio resultados similares. Conclusiones El objetivo primario fue comparable en ambos grupos. La recurrencia de la angina fue similar entre los tratados con AVB y con SFAm. El mejor estado funcional, medido por SAQ y nivel de ejercicio, detectado en pacientes con AVB tendria que confirmarse en futuros estudios.

Salmonids have two sex hormone-binding globulin (Shbg) paralogs. Shbga is mainly expressed in the liver, while Shbgb is secreted by the granulosa cells of the rainbow trout ovary. Coexpression of shbgb and the gonadal aromatase cyp19a1a mRNAs been observed in granulosa cells, suggesting a physiological coordination between Shbgb expression and estrogen synthesis. As estrogens are essential for female sex determination in the fish ovary, we propose that Shbgb participates in early ovarian differentiation, either by binding with estrogen or through another mechanism that remains to be discovered. To elucidate this potential role, monosex populations of female trout were studied during the molecular ovarian differentiation period (28-56 dpf). shbgb mRNA expression was measured using qPCR and compared with expression of genes for other ovarian markers (cyp19a1a, foxl2, follistatin, and estrogen receptors). shbgb transcript expression was detected during the final stages of embryonic development (21-26 dpf) and during molecular ovarian differentiation (32-52 dpf) after hatching (which occurred at 31 dpf). In situ hybridization localized shbgb transcription to the undifferentiated ovary at 42 dpf, and shbgb and cyp19a1a mRNA showed similar expression patterns. These results suggest that Shbgb is involved in early ovarian differentiation, supporting an important role for the salmonid shbgb gene in sex determination.

Resumen Introduccion Las lesiones largas suponen un desafio para los cardiologos intervencionistas dado el elevado riesgo de reestenosis y complicaciones. Evaluamos eventos clinicos pacientes en vida real con lesiones coronarias largas tratadas con stents liberadores de farmacos (DES) mayores de 40 mm. Metodos Estudio observacional prospectivo de pacientes consecutivos con una lesion coronaria muy larga (> 35 mm) revascularizados mediante stent Xience Xpedition liberador de everolimus (EES) o stent Biomime liberador de sirolimus (SES) ≥ 40 mm. Recogemos eventos cardiacos adversos mayores (ECAM) que agrupan muerte cardiaca, infarto no fatal y nueva revascularizacion de lesion diana (TLR). Resultados Analizamos a 94 pacientes con 113 lesiones (80% hombres, 63,8 ± 10 anos, 55% fumadores, 77% hipertensos, 41,5% diabeticos, 58% hiperlipidemicos). La presentacion fue sindrome coronario agudo en el 80%. El 44% fueron lesiones bifurcadas, ostiales 32%, calcificadas 87% y tromboticas 20,6%, y el 22,7% fueron oclusiones cronicas. La longitud media de la lesion fue de 57,9 ± 19 mm y la longitud media del stent fue 46 ± 2,5 mm. La longitud total de stents por lesion 64 ± 21 mm, con stents solapados en el 59%. Se implantaron 47 EES en 45 pacientes y 45 SES en 35 pacientes. Durante un seguimiento medio de 14,8 ± 11 meses, 4 (4,3%) pacientes fallecieron por causas cardiacas, 2 (2,1%) tuvieron infarto no fatal y 3 (3,2%) TLR. Un paciente presento una trombosis subaguda (2 stents SES solapados = 1,1%). La tasa de ECAM fue del 9,6%. Conclusiones Los pacientes con lesiones coronarias complejas muy largas tratados con DES ≥ 40 mm presentan excelentes resultados procedimentales y clinicos a largo plazo con una baja tasa de ECAM.

In rodents, sexual stimulation induces a positive affective state that is evaluated by the conditioned place preference (CPP) test. Opioids are released during sexual behavior and modulate the rewarding properties of this behavior. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are a socially monogamous species, in which copulation with cohabitation for 6 h induces a pair bond. However, the mating-induced reward state that could contribute to the establishment of the long-term pair bond has not been evaluated in this species. The present study aimed to determine whether one ejaculation or cohabitation with mating for 6 h is rewarding for voles. We also evaluated whether this state is opioid dependent. Our results demonstrate that mating with one ejaculation and social cohabitation with mating for 6 h induce a CPP in males, while exposure to a sexually receptive female without mating did not induce CPP. In the female vole, mating until one ejaculation, social cohabitation with mating, or exposure to a male without physical interaction for 6 h did not induce CPP. To evaluate whether the rewarding state in males is opioid dependent, the antagonist naloxone was injected i.p. The administration of naloxone blocked the rewarding state induced by one ejaculation and by social cohabitation with mating. Our results demonstrate that in the prairie vole, on the basis of the CPP in the testing conditions used here, the stimulation received with one ejaculation and the mating conditions that lead to pair bonding formation may be rewarding for males, and this reward state is opioid dependent.

In this study, the extraction of oil from seeds of castor (Ricinus communis) was intended using aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE). After evaluating several enzymes (cellulase, pectinase, hemicellulase and Viscozyme L), the enzymatic cocktail Viscozyme L gave the best oil extraction yield (64 %) at pH 4 and 50 °C, and it was chosen for the optimization of the extraction process using a response surface methodology and a central composite design. Under optimal conditions (2% of Viscozyme L, 4 h of incubation time, 200 rpm and a solid to liquid ratio of 1:5), an oil yield extraction of 80 % was achieved using AEE. Compared with oil extracted using solvent extraction, AEE produced an oil with a higher acid and iodine values, but a similar fatty acid composition. Additionally, oxidative stability was higher in oil extracted using AEE, so it can be said that in terms of this parameter, AEE produces a higher quality oil compared to the SE. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) imagines showed that Viscozyme L causes a destruction of cell walls and liposome membranes structure of castor seeds, causing the oil release. The results showed that AEE is a no contaminant extraction technology that can be employed in the industrial extraction of oil from castor seed.

Refractive index (RI) is a highly relevant property for the design of new polymeric materials for very specific applications in the telecommunications industry, medicine, and analytical chemistry, among many others. A particular case is that of plastic optical fibers, in which the information is transmitted by photons and then RI takes center stage. Therefore, the modeling and prediction of this property play a key role when characterizing and designing materials for these important industries. Over the last decades, the use of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in the modeling of properties for the design of new materials has been consolidated thanks to the gradual increase in the available databases. In particular, the development of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) models has benefited from these emerging technologies, providing the possibility of generating in silico testing strategies applicable to the early stages of the design of new materials. However, in many cases, it has been observed that using ML algorithms in a fully automatic way, without human intervention in the QSPR model design process, tend to generate black-box models that have a difficult interpretation and can lose sight about relevant aspects that require both criteria and an expert’s knowledge in the chemical domain. For this reason, interactive ML methodologies that combine computational outputs with experts’ knowledge, usually known as expert-in-the-loop strategies, are becoming more frequent. In this article, we present the design of QSPR models for RI modeling following two different approaches, a black-box ML methodology and an Interactive Machine Learning (IML) methodology with expert-in-the-loop, from a database whose curation is also described in the present work. In this regard, visual analytics strategies were used to capture the expert’s knowledge, facilitating an effective and rapid interaction between the outputs provided by ML and the chemical analyst. In addition, we contrast the best models obtained by both approaches against two other predictive models for RI estimation reported in the literature, achieving promising performances in terms of cardinality and accuracy when the expert interacts during modeling. In summary, the obtained results allow us to claim that the expert-in-the-loop approach provides QSPR models with better generalizability properties and more interpretable from a physicochemical point of view, without losing accuracy. Finally, in addition to providing high quality QSPR models to predict the RI of polymeric materials, the present work lays the foundation for defining an effective methodology to incorporate experts’ knowledge in the design of other material properties.

Resumen Introduccion En ultimos anos ha surgido el interes por nuevos indices para la valoracion funcional de lesiones coronarias. Nuestro objetivo ha sido analizar la utilidad y la correlacion entre la ratio presion coronaria distal y la presion aortica (Pd/Pa) obtenida tras hiperemia submaxima con contraste no ionico y la FFR con adenosina en una poblacion no seleccionada de pacientes en practica real Material y metodos Estudio multicentrico en el que se incluyo de manera prospectiva a pacientes con lesiones coronarias en los que se considero indicada su valoracion funcional mediante guia de presion midiendose: el cociente en reposo Pd/Pa, la FFR adenosina intracoronaria (IC) y la FFR con contraste (cFFR). Resultados Se incluyo a 70 pacientes (80 lesiones coronarias). Los 2 parametros estudiados mostraron buena correlacion con FFR-adenosina: Pd/Pa (r = 0,82, p 0,92 y > 0,85, mostrando ambos un valor predictivo negativo del 80%, una sensibilidad del 84% y una especificidad del 75 y el 83%, respectivamente. Conclusiones El indice cFFR demostro tener buena capacidad de discriminacion de lesiones funcionalmente significativas tomando como referencia el FFR. Este indice podria eliminar la necesidad de administrar adenosina en algunos casos, reduciendo tanto costes como tiempo de procedimiento.

A thermodynamic method to check the consistency of phase equilibrium data developed by the authors and applied to several situations by different researchers is analyzed to determine the effect of the equation of state employed to correlate the data on the final response of the consistency test. The consistency test method, in fact, uses an equation of state to correlate the equilibrium data and to calculate some properties such as volume, fugacity and compressibility factor. After these properties are determined the Gibbs-Duhem equation is applied to determine data consistency. If the data fulfill the Gibbs-Duhem equation the data are considered to be consistent and if the data do not fulfill de Gibbs-Duhem equation the data are of doubtful thermodynamic consistency. The equation of state dependency of the method has been recognized by the authors and other researchers but discussion of the real effects of the equation of state used on the results of the consistency method has not been presented. This work demonstrates that after a good and accurate thermodynamic model is used to correlate the data, the consistency test can be considered equation-of-state independent.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model to understand basic aspects of protein glycosylation pathways. Although these metabolic routes have been thoroughly studied, there are still knowledge gaps; among them, the role of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. This family is composed of nine members, with only six functionally characterized. The enzymes Ktr1, Ktr3, and Mnt1/Kre2 have overlapping activities in both O-linked and N-linked glycan synthesis; while Ktr2 and Yur1 participate exclusively in the elongation of the N-linked glycan outer chain. KTR6 encodes for a phosphomannosyltransferase that synthesizes the cell wall phosphomannan. Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of KTR4, KTR5 and KTR7 in the protein glycosylation pathways, by using heterologous complementation in Candida albicans null mutants lacking members of the MNT1/KRE2 gene family. The three S. cerevisiae genes restored defects in the C. albicans N-linked glycosylation pathway. KTR5 and KTR7 partially complemented a C. albicans null mutant with defects in the synthesis of O-linked glycans, and only KTR4 fully elongated the O-linked glycans like wild-type cells. Therefore, our results suggest that the three genes have a redundant activity in the S. cerevisiae N-linked glycosylation pathway, but KTR4 plays a major role in O-linked glycan synthesis.

This paper presents the results of measurements and modelling the residence time distribution (RTD) in industrial flotation columns from several plants, using radioactive and salt tracers. Columns under study had different geometry ( i.e. square, rectangular and circular transverse sections) and size (from ca. 2.5 m 3 to 180 m 3 ). Data were obtained for liquid (both radioactive and salt tracers), floatable and non-floatable solids by size classes (radioactive tracers). Model structures including the axial dispersion, perfect mixer (PM), large and small tanks in series (LSTS) and two parallel perfect mixers were evaluated and compared. Based on the results, it is concluded that the mixing regime in flotation columns cannot be described by a unique model structure nor can they be related to the cross-sectional area or size of the columns. All industrial datasets presented in this paper showed poor fitting with the perfect mixer model. On the other hand, the LSTS as well as the two parallel perfect mixers models were outstandingly flexible compared to the other structures. The tests allowed the identification of the flow regime and the effective residence times of the different phases, which ranged from 9 to 41 min. The RTD characterization has been useful to detect process failure such as bypass flow identification as well as unbalanced flow distributions in parallel columns at industrial scale.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala on dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance and energy utilization in cattle fed a basal ration of Pennisetum purpureum and housed in metabolic crates. Five crossbred ( Bos taurus × Bos indicus ) heifers (BW: 295 ± 6 kg) were fed chopped P. purpureum grass and five increasing levels of L. leucocephala (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% of DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The intake of DM was similar (P > 0.05) among treatments, with an average of 7.03 kg of DM/day. While the crude protein intake (CPI) linearly increased (P L. leucocephala , the DM digestibility (average 492.3 g/kg DM) and OM digestibility (average 501.6 g/kg OM) were not affected (P > 0.05) by the incorporation of L. leucocephala into the ration. The N intake and excretion in the urine increased linearly (P = 0.0001, 0.0001) as the level of L. leucocephala in the ration increased. In addition, methane energy loss as a percentage of that in the control ration, was of only 61% (P = 0.0005) with 80% incorporation of L. leucocephala in the ration. We concluded that the inclusion of L. leucocephala has the capacity to reduce energy losses in the form of methane emissions. Nevertheless, the energy losses in the urine increased with the addition of L. leucocephala to the ration, with the optimal levels of incorporation in the ration fluctuating between 20 and 40% of the ration DM, which had no effects on the dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI) or the digestibility of dry matter (DMD).

The radioactive tracer technique was used to evaluate the liquid and solid (fine and coarse) transport in two industrial semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mills. The residence time distribution (RTD), along with the mean residence times, was obtained. The residence times for the liquid and fine solid were equivalent, approximately 2 min, which implies non-significant segregation in this size class. The residence time for coarse solids was approximately 4 min. The RTD was modelled by N perfectly mixed tanks in series, in which the number of equivalent mixers was approximately 2 for liquid and fine solids and approximately 3 for the coarse solids. The coarse particles required additional time to pass the grate discharge restriction, which also favoured the mixing.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos El stent Axxess es un stent autoexpandible de nitinol liberador de Biolimus, que se despliega en la carina y ofrece facil acceso a las ramas distales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los resultados del dispositivo de forma aguda, en un seguimiento a medio-largo plazo y el tipo de estrategia realizada. Metodos y resultados Se incluyeron 33 pacientes (34 lesiones) consecutivos de forma ambispectiva (69 ± 9 anos, 76% hombres, 60% fumadores/exfumadores, 46% diabeticos, 76% hipertensos, 54% dislipidemicos, 27% con fibrilacion auricular, 36% con cardiopatia isquemica previa y el 24% con ACTP previa). Presentaban algun grado de disfuncion VI el 33%. La presentacion clinica fue SCA en todos los casos (45,5% AI, 36,4% SCASEST, 18,2% SCACEST). El acceso fue en el 97% por via radial (7 F o 6 F). La bifurcacion tratada fue en un 70,6% ADA-Diagonal; 11,8% ACx-OM; 2,9% ACD-TPL; 14,7% TCI-ADA-ACx. El 80,6% fueron bifurcaciones verdaderas y la mayoria fueron 1,1,1 de la clasificacion de Medina (74%). El angulo de bifurcacion fue Conclusiones El uso del stent Axxess fue favorable en la mayoria de las ocasiones, ofreciendo un enfoque unico para el tratamiento de las bifurcaciones y buenos resultados a medio-largo plazo..

The rapid deforestation of Tabasco due to extensive livestock farming has resulted in a decrease in the original forest cover. Silvopastoral systems represent an option for reversing this problem. A comparative study was conducted to determine the influence of tree density on the structure and species composition of scattered trees in pastures (STP) as well as the herbaceous coverage. A total of 16 livestock systems with 3 STP densities were selected: low (from 24 to 49 individuals ha−1), medium (from 53 to 85 individuals ha−1) and high (from 129 to 212 individuals ha−1. The diameter at breast height, total height, clear bole height and crown area of all trees in each plot were measured. Shannon’s and Simpson’s index values were determined along with the relative importance values (RIVs), and the herbaceous cover under the tree canopy was measured in dry and rainy seasons. A total of 64 species representing 31 botanical families were found. The structure and composition of the STPs are correlated with arboreal density, and thus, species diversity was greater under low and medium densities. The tree species with the highest RIVs were Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., Guazuma ulmifolia (Lam.), and Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. in low-density STPs; Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken., Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blak., and T. rosea in medium-density STPs and Swietenia macrophylla (King.), Gmelina arborea (Roxb.), and C. alliodora in high-density STPs. The herbaceous cover was lower under high arboreal densities in both seasons. The STPs at high densities are inferred to be more specialized because they present less arboreal species diversity and structure than low-density STPs, and these properties also affect the coverage of the associated herbaceous component.

Resumen Introduccion La cirrosis hepatica es una enfermedad con afectacion multisistemica: las complicaciones que afectan a diferentes organos condicionan la evolucion clinica y el pronostico del paciente. Afectacion pulmonar Debe ser sospechada y valorada en todo paciente cirrotico con disnea e incluye el sindrome hepatopulmonar (potencialmente curable con el trasplante hepatico, y pudiendo ser la indicacion de este), y la hipertension portopulmonar, que puede ser una contraindicacion para el mismo. Afectacion cardiaca La afectacion cardiaca secundaria a la cirrosis incluye desde alteraciones electrocardiogaficas hasta alteraciones de la funcion diastolica y sistolica, con repercusion en el manejo de las descompensaciones. Alteraciones nutricionales Mantener un adecuado estado nutricional influye en la calidad de vida y supervivencia de los pacientes con enfermedad hepatica cronica, por lo que debe asegurarse una correcta suplementacion. Afectacion osea La mayor prevalencia de osteoporosis en la cirrosis hace necesaria su sospecha para la prevencion de fracturas y dolor cronico.

The objective of this research was to examine the effects of treating sunflower and spring pea meals with orthophosphoric or malic acid solutions and heat on growth performance, concentrate intake, and carcass yield and fatness of growing-fattening lambs. Ninety “Entrefino” cross male lambs from three commercial farms (average initial body weights (BW) = 14.6, 15.3 and 13.3 kg) were randomly assigned to five diets with different acid treatment and protein levels, and fattened to an average slaughter weight of 25 kg. Protein sources in the control concentrate (C; crude protein (CP) = 18%) were soybean meal and untreated sunflower and spring pea meals. In three of the experimental concentrates, orthophosphoric acid-treated meals substituted untreated sunflower and spring pea meals (Orthophosphoric Control, PC; CP = 18% dry matter basis (DM)), and soybean meal was partially (Medium Substitution Orthophosphoric, MSP; CP = 16.7%) or totally removed (Total Substitution Orthophosphoric, TSP; CP = 15.6%). In addition, in one concentrate orthophosphoric acid was replaced by malic acid to protect these meals (Medium Substitution Malic, MSM; CP = 16.7%). Wheat straw (roughage source) and concentrate were offered ad libitum. No effect associated with the CP level was observed on any parameter. This suggests that with protected proteins it is possible to feed concentrates with 15.6% CP (on DM) reducing the need to include vegetable protein meals as well as the quality of the protein concentrates. Lambs fed MSM had higher average daily gains (15.2%; P = 0.042), and better hot carcass yields (1.3 percentage points; P = 0.037) than lambs fed MSP. This probably can be explained by ruminal malate actions and by greater protection effects obtained with malic acid.

International audience; Solar forecasting has become an important issue for power systems planning and operating, especially in islands grids. Power generationand grid utilities need day ahead, intra-day and intra-hour Global Horizontal solar Irradiance (GHI) forecasts for operations. Inthis paper, we focus on intra-day solar forecasting with forecast horizons ranging from 1 h to 6 h ahead. An Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) model is proposed to forecast GHI using ground measurement data and satellite data (from Helioclim-3) as inputs. In order tocompare the forecasting results obtained by the proposed ANN model, we also include in this work a simple naı¨ve model, based on thepersistence of the clear sky index (smart persistence model), as well as another reference model, the climatological mean model. The modelswere trained and tested for two ground measurements stations in Gran Canaria Island, Pozo (south) and Las Palmas (in the north).Firstly, ANN was trained and tested only with past ground measurement irradiance and compared by means of relative metrics withnaı¨ve models. While this first step led to better performances, forecasting skills were improved by including exogenous inputs to themodel by using GHI satellite data from surrounding area.

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) have negative effects on the fitness parameters of earthworms; however, these effects may vary from one commercial product to another and between different recommended doses. Additionally, frequent applications of GBHs may decrease the thickness of the topsoil layer due to increased soil erosion through vegetation reduction. To investigate the effects of frequent applications of GBHs, and their interactive effect on the performance of P. corethrurus, we performed a two-factor experiment exposing in vitro the earthworm to two commercial GBHs (factor I, FAENA FUERTE (FF, Monsanto Co.) and GLYFOS (GLY, Cheminova Co., with three levels)) and soil thickness (factor II, with two levels); having six treatments in total, each with four replicates. Both herbicides were applied at their recommended doses; a total of 11 times at intervals of 14 days in soil layers 2.5 and 5 cm deep. Earthworm biomass and cocoon production were measured every 12 days for 168 days. Application of GLY resulted in significant biomass decreases of between 51 ± 11.54% (here and further S.E. is provided) and 100 ± 0.00% compared to a control. For FF, the final biomass decreased significantly by between 19 ± 7.33% and 24 ± 8.44% at both doses, independently of soil thickness. Additionally, a significant biomass reduction of 41 ± 7.93% was detected when soil thickness was low at highest dose. At a soil depth of 5 cm, GLY significantly decreased cocoon production by between 69 ± 7.86% and 83 ± 10.53% at each dose compared to the control. In contrast, the different doses of FF did not affect the number of cocoons produced, although there was a significant decrease of 72 ± 7.18% when the soil layer was reduced. The growth rate increased significantly under exposure to both GBH at all tested doses. Our results suggest that cumulative doses of GLY are more detrimental for P. corethrurus than those of FF and that soil thickness may help buffer some of the negative effects of GBHs. In order to reduce negative impacts on earthworms in the field, we therefore suggest maintaining the topsoil layer thickness and adjusting the doses of GBHs to the lowest end of the recommended range.