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Early onset psychosis (EOP) frequently presents with a severe clinical phenotype and poor long-term prognosis. Clinical experience suggests that individuals with EOP have abnormal pain and somatosensory processing, yet relative to adult-onset psychosis, pain and somatic sensory processing in EOP have rarely been studied. The history of two characteristic patients is described to illustrate clinical presentations of pain in EOP patients. Furthermore, 31 patients with EOP were studied with self-reported questionnaires informing on pain severity, pain catastrophizing, central sensitization, and somatization. Structured clinical interviews were administered to confirm Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 EOP diagnosis and the patient's dimensions of psychopathology were measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Out of 31 EOP patients, 22 reported distressing pain, where higher pain severity corresponded with greater BPRS total and affectivity and resistance subscale scores. The degree of psychopathology was associated (N = 31; p < 0.05, FDR-corrected) with the magnitude of pain catastrophizing, central sensitization, and somatization. Multivariate analysis revealed relationships (N = 31; p < 0.05, FDR-corrected) between BPRS subscale (negative symptoms and activation) scores with somatization severity. The observed associations occurred independent of antipsychotic medication usage as quantified by chlorpromazine equivalent doses. Pain and somatosensory symptoms could be a frequent cause of distress in patients with EOP and their severity associated with the degree of psychopathology. Future studies should determine if treating pain and somatic symptoms in EOP patients can lead to better control of psychosis as well as improve quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a heterogenous diagnostic construct; however, dynamic interactions between specific depressive symptoms across their qualitatively different profiles remain largely unknown. The study aimed to recognize the most prevalent profiles of depressive symptoms and assess their dynamics in young adults without a history of psychiatric treatment. Depressive symptoms were recorded using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The data were assessed for all theoretical and empirical combinations of depressive symptoms in participants with a positive screening for depression. The profiles identified in the majority of participants were analyzed using partial correlation and Bayesian networks. Data from 3583 individuals with a positive screening for depression were analyzed. Out of 382 theoretical profiles, 150 profiles (39.3%) were present in this dataset. The majority of participants (56.8%) showed 4 profiles of depressive symptoms including the profile with all depressive symptoms present, the profile without suicidal ideation, the profile without psychomotor impairment, and the profile without both psychomotor impairment and suicidal ideation. The profiles differed largely in terms of their dynamics and symptoms that are necessary to activate the whole network. The network characteristics within specific profiles did not differ significantly across the level of difficulties attributable to depressive symptoms. Our findings indicate that depression emerging in young adults shows a limited number of symptom profiles. However, dynamics of depressive symptoms differs largely between specific profiles regardless of functional impairment indicating the need to personalize therapeutic approaches. Future studies should further disentangle the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms, e.g., by dissecting the symptoms that are combined together by single PHQ-9 items (i.e., hypersomnia and insomnia; psychomotor agitation and retardation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope and burdens of mental health challenges in today's world are staggering. Among the available psychological treatment approaches, cognitive and behavioral therapies, and their combinations, have garnered the strongest evidence base. That said, progress has not always been linear and most of the work is still ahead of us. Against this backdrop, Behavior Therapy has launched its State of the Science series—an exciting new journal feature offering a curated set of authoritative reviews of research in major areas of relevance to applied cognitive-behavioral science, written by distinguished scientists in each area and peer-reviewed. The vision for the Behavior Therapy State of the Science series is to launch with an initial set of articles that make up this special journal issue, with continued publication of additional State of the Science articles in future journal issues. The current article launches the State of the Science series, providing a brief summary of progress in cognitive and behavioral practice and related areas, as well as various missteps and harmful legacies that remind us that the state of the science for research focused on mental health and the alleviation of human suffering is always in flux and evolving. The 16 inaugural reviews in this special issue are then introduced one by one. Collectively, these State of the Science reviews take stock of what has been learned across key areas in the field, highlight critical knowledge gaps in need of research, and provide expert guidance for improving the effectiveness and reach of care, particularly for marginalized and underserved populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Transdiagnostic Global Impression – Psychopathology scale (TGI-P) assesses and visualizes severity across 10 transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom domains. • The TGI-P is based on the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale, rating each symptom domain from 1 (normal) to 7 (extreme severity). • As part of the scale development process, 36 psychiatrists were surveyed and 70 % of them expressed their willingness to use the TGI-P in everyday practice due to its simplicity and perceived utility to provide a comprehensive yet fast transdiagnostic assessment of 10 relevant symptom domains. Lacking biomarkers in psychiatry calls for a valid and reliable assessment of psychopathology across mental disorders that is easy to use, bridges research and clinical care, and that can capture clinician and patient perspectives. Herein we propose, a novel, brief, transdiagnostic tool to assess and visualize symptom severity in different psychiatric disorders. The Transdiagnostic Global Impression – Psychopathology scale (TGI-P) is based on the Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale (CGI-S), which was originally designed to measure global illness severity in one score. The TGI-P covers 10 transdiagnostic symptom domains and similar to the CGI-S, it is rated on a 7-point Likert-scale from 1 (normal) to 7 (extreme). These ten domains include positive symptoms, negative symptoms, manic symptoms, depressive symptoms, addiction symptoms, cognitive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep symptoms, hostility symptoms, and self-harm symptoms. The results are visually presented, thus simplifying the monitoring of symptoms, and facilitating discussion with patients and caregivers. As part of the development process, the TGI-P was surveyed among 36 psychiatrists from 3 countries. Importantly, over 80 % of them was "very positive" or "positive" about the concept of the tool, and most of them (70 %) reported willingness to use it in their everyday practice. Further psychometric development and testing of the TGI-P is underway alongside future TGI scales covering adverse events, functioning and satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les violences et maltraitances intrafamiliales concernent celles conjugales qui sont intimement liées aux violences faites aux femmes ainsi que les maltraitances et violences sur enfants et ascendants âgés. Le présent article a pour objectifs de définir juridiquement les notions de violences et de maltraitances, ces dernières étant quasi indissociables de la notion de vulnérabilité apparue dans le registre pénal en 1994. Il synthétise les données épidémiologiques actuelles en France et dans le monde et rapporte une sous-estimation évidente des violences intrafamiliale aussi bien en France que dans le monde au regard des problématiques liées au signalement des faits, ainsi qu'à une définition équivoque de la maltraitance. L'article souligne parallèlement que les faits à l'encontre des personnes âgées lorsqu'ils sont avérés sont moins judiciarisés que ceux à l'encontre des femmes et des enfants. Enfin, les auteurs proposent une approche psychopathologique, des éléments de compréhension issus des neurosciences, ainsi que des perspectives thérapeutiques concernant les violences et maltraitances intrafamiliales. Intra-familial violence and abuse includes domestic violence that is not specifically identified as violence against women, abuse and violence against children or elderly relatives. This article provides a legal definition of the notions of violence and abuse. Abuse is virtually inseparable from the notion of vulnerability, which appeared in the 1994 Penal Code in France. The present article summarizes current epidemiological data in France and worldwide and highlights the obvious underestimation of domestic violence both in France and in other parts of the world. One French survey reported that in 1997, 50,000 women were victims of rape and more recently, that 225,000 women had reported being victims of domestic violence. In 2021, there were 143 murders in the context of domestic violence, 85% of which involved women. The mechanisms of this violence are usually described as consisting of 4 cyclic phases alternating between a climate of tension, aggression, disempowerment, and remission (repentance on the part of the perpetrator). From a psychodynamic viewpoint, the phenomenon of ascendancy, initially conceptualized by Freud, makes it possible to understand the submission of the victim towards the aggressor. This phenomenon can lead to the inability of the perpetrator to recognize the otherness of the other (the victim). Systemic approaches recall the notion of circular causality, making the victim part of the system without denying the responsibility for his acts on the part of the perpetrator. The consequences are usually very negative representations of self for the victim and an increased dependence toward the aggressor. The judicial and clinical world has for several years advocated dealing with perpetrators of conjugal violence by issuing an injunction to submit to treatment. This can also include victims who consent to these therapeutic proposals. Child abuse in France involved more than 35,000 children in 2018. In 80% of the cases, the perpetrators were one of the victim's parents. The abuse ranged from psychological violence (about 30%) to sexual violence (3.6%). Globally, the prevalence of physical violence against children was estimated to concern from 5 to 35% of children in 2014. Fifteen to 30% of girls versus 5 to 15% of boys are thought to have suffered some form of sexual violence. The tender age of the child is the first risk factor, given that 50% of violent deaths in 2011 concerned subjects under the age of four months. From a psychodynamic perspective, child abuse and violence induce trauma with lasting effects on the personality. Several authors mention resulting attachment disorders and behaviors similar to the Stockholm syndrome. Furthermore, in the neurosciences, repeated trauma is considered to lead to disruption between warning neuroanatomical structures and memorization structures, preventing the memorization of events as representations in a space-time continuum, and retaining them only as a strong stress signal. In addition to violent deaths and immediate traumatic facial injuries, this abuse leads to precarious physical and mental health throughout life. The abuse of older people has become a fact of society worldwide. This phenomenon potentially affects 141,000,000 people worldwide and nearly 7000 people in France. The victims are most often women, widows, and dependents and with some financial resources. The perpetrators are often reported to be exhausted caregivers, but this does not explain the frequency of abuse involving money. Prosecutions after the facts are reported are rare. There is an obvious, underestimation of intra-familial violence both in France and globally, whether this relates to the problems involved in reporting such incidents, or to the ambiguous definitions attributed to abuse. This article underlines how violence against the elderly is less often reported to the courts than those against women and children. Finally, the authors propose a psychopathological approach, neuroscientific insights and therapeutic perspectives on intra-family violence and abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents play a notable role in the development of child psychopathology. In this study, we investigated the role of parent psychopathology and behaviors on child brain–symptom networks to understand the role of intergenerational transmission of psychopathology. Few studies have documented the interaction of child psychopathology, parent psychopathology, and child neuroimaging. We used the baseline cohort of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 7,151, female-at-birth = 3,619, aged 9-11 years) to derive brain–symptom networks using sparse canonical correlation analysis with the Child Behavior Checklist and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We then correlated parent psychopathology symptoms and parental behaviors with child brain–symptom networks. Finally, we used the significant correlations to understand, using the mediation R package, whether parent behaviors mediated the effect of parent psychopathology on child brain connectivity. We observed 3 brain–symptom networks correlated with externalizing (r = 0.19, internalizing (r = 0.17), and neurodevelopmental symptoms (r = 0.18). These corresponded to differences in connectivity between the default mode–default mode, default mode–control, and visual–visual canonical networks. We further detected aspects of parental psychopathology, including personal strength, thought problems, and rule-breaking symptoms to be associated with child brain connectivity. Finally, we found that parental behaviors and symptoms mediate each other's relationship to child brain connectivity. The current study suggests that positive parental behaviors can relieve potentially detrimental effects of parental psychopathology, and vice versa, on symptom-correlated child brain connectivity. Altogether, these results provide a framework for future research and potential targets for parents who experience mental health symptoms to help mitigate potential intergenerational transmission of mental illness. Utilizing data from 7,151 participants in the ABCD Study, the authors found that positive parental behaviors, like acceptance and appropriate parental monitoring may reduce the potentially detrimental effects of parental psychopathology on child brain connectivity. These results provide potential targets for parents that experience mental health symptoms, or clinicians who treat families, to help mitigate potential intergenerational transmission of mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-occurrence between gambling disorder (GD) and other mental disorders is common, but its association with problematic pornography use (PPU) remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate relationships between sociodemographic variables, personality measures, psychopathology, emotional regulation, and impulsivity and the co-occurrence of GD and PPU using structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample consisted of 359 adults seeking treatment for GD. The short version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6) identified patients with GD + PPU. Psychopathology, impulsivity, emotional regulation, and personality were also assessed. Higher impulsivity levels statistically predicted co-occurrence between GD and PPU. Impulsivity mediated the relationship between younger age, maladaptive personality features, and emotional dysregulation and co-occurrence. Psychopathological distress did not directly associate with GD + PPU co-occurrence. Impulsivity relates importantly to the co-occurrence of GD and PPU. Younger age, maladaptive personality, and emotional dysregulation contribute to increased impulsivity levels and co-occurrence. The findings highlight the importance of addressing impulsivity in understanding and treating co-occurring GD and PPU. • The sample consisted of 359 adults seeking treatment for GD. • Impulsivity relates importantly to the co-occurrence of GD and PPU. • Psychopathological distress did not directly associate with GD + PPU co-occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients suffering from complex psychiatric pathologies require multi-disciplinary care and, in the event of decompensation, may need to be hospitalized. Institutional psychotherapy approaches psychotic, existential and institutional crises as opportunities for clinical elaboration and the deployment of creativity. The health crisis linked to the Covid-19 pandemic has prompted us to rethink its effectiveness and its place within plural contemporary practices. It also offered the opportunity for an unprecedented anthropological reading. In this context, is institutional psychotherapy still a machine for producing "innovation", for creating, or at least revealing, crises in order to overcome them? Key concepts from the field of institutional psychotherapy can be reexamined in the wake of the health crisis. In the aftermath of the pandemic, we propose an elaboration of what the pandemic has taught us about day-to-day practice, in a public psychiatric department oriented towards institutional psychotherapy. We will draw on a re-reading of clinical vignettes, interviews with caregivers and patients, and notes taken at department meetings during the pandemic. The major concepts of institutional psychotherapy may have some limitations, but they can be reinvented by the caregiver-client collective. During a crisis, collective failings and individual symptoms seem to reveal each other. The therapeutic club represents a stage on which to unfold and elaborate both group and individual issues. In this context, the symbolic framework, collectively instituted, and the culture of a service can present operative points of support for continuing care. They "put in crisis" the prejudices and implicit theories of the actors, and support new narratives and new ways of making sense. In the aftermath of a crisis, the therapeutic club remains a space of conflict and intrigue, at the crossroads of collective and individual health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of fear of COVID-19 in prospectively predicting changes in psychopathological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. The present data were obtained from a longitudinal non-probability sample in Germany, initially assessed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany (April–May 2020) and reassessed after two years (n = 846; 83% female; mean age: 44.59 years, SD = 12.32; response rate: 19.5%). Multiple linear regressions were used to examine associations of fear of COVID-19 at baseline with depressive symptoms, anxiety, health anxiety, psychosocial distress, and loneliness controlling for (a) the respective symptom measure, and (b) all psychopathological symptoms at baseline. The data were weighted to minimize attrition and representativeness biases. Overall, loneliness decreased from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic until the two-year follow-up, whereas all other symptoms did not change. Fear of COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic predicted an increase in anxiety symptoms, health anxiety, psychosocial distress, and loneliness two years later. In addition, fear of COVID-19 predicted higher health anxiety, depressive symptoms, psychosocial distress, and loneliness, but not anxiety symptoms when controlling for all baseline symptom measures at once. Fear of COVID-19 seems to play a central role in predicting negative mental health outcomes, emphasizing the necessity of indicated prevention and intervention to decrease worry and manage anxiety, thereby reducing the negative impact on mental health caused by fear during future pandemics. • Loneliness decreased over two years. • Anxiety, depression, health anxiety, and psychosocial distress remained unchanged. • Fear of COVID-19 was associated with increases in these psychopathological symptoms. • Fear of COVID-19 is a central predictor of adverse mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to explore the evolution of the forms of madness and the model that accounts for it over time. The classical distinction between several categories of mental disorders is contrasted with the idea of unitary psychosis. Historical conceptual analysis. The concept of unitary psychosis is explored in its basic features. Its origins in the nineteenth century and developments during the twentieth century are considered. Following the publication of Kraepelin's fundamental handbook, the debate was shaped as pro or against the Kraepelinian dichotomy between dementia praecox and manic-depressive illness. However, the origins of the concept of unitary psychosis as well as some more recent developments are independent from it. This article argues that, when viewed pragmatically, both positions (the pluralist and the unitary) bring advantages that can be complementary rather than mutually exclusive. The pluralist position allows us to recognize the qualitative differences between phenomena and structures of experience, while the unitary model prevents us from reifying them. This is achieved by paying attention to the diachronic evolution and the pathogenetic dynamics. • History of psychiatry is useful to clarify conceptual development and meaning. • Authors shaped differently the concept of unitary psychosis, depending on the clinical and research questions. • The relationship between affective and schizophrenic psychoses was thoroughly studied by European psychopathologists. • Instead of being radically opposite, the pluralist and the unitary views of psychoses can be complemented. • The concept of unitary psychosis highlights the evolution in time of the symptoms and of the dynamics subtending them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia continues its resistance to the pathogenetic understanding. We believe that one of the reasons is an oblivion of schizophrenia's characteristic Gestalt expressive of its psychopathological structure. In this article we argue for a crucial role of disorders of selfhood in the constitution of this Gestalt. First, we present a phenomenological account of the self. This is followed by an exposition of basic complaints in schizophrenia which are reflective of a disordered selfhood and which often date back to childhood. We then present characteristic features of the schizophrenic psychosis with its phenomenon of "double bookkeeping". Hallucinations, delusions and double bookkeeping are all associated with the instability of the self. Finally, we briefly address characteristic aspects of the encounter with a schizophrenia patient and argue that self-disorders play an important diagnostic role. We conclude by emphasizing the role of phenomenology in psychiatric research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined three empirically-derived childhood adversity dimensions as predictors of social, psychological, and symptom outcomes across three prospective assessments of a young adult sample. Participants were assessed five times over eight years with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The analyses used the dimensions underlying multiple subscales from well-established childhood adversity measures administered at the first two assessment waves (described in a previous report). Outcome data pertain to the last three assessment waves, with sample sizes ranging from 89 to 169. As hypothesized, the childhood adversity dimensions demonstrated overlapping and differential longitudinal associations with the outcomes. Deprivation predicted the negative (deficit-like) dimension of psychosis, while Threat and Intrafamilial Adversity predicted the positive (psychotic-like) dimension. Depression and anxiety symptoms were predicted by different childhood adversity dimensions over time. Furthermore, Threat predicted a smaller and less diverse social network, Intrafamilial Adversity predicted anxious attachment, and Deprivation predicted a smaller social network, anxious and avoidant attachment, perceived social support, and loneliness. The three adversity dimensions combined accounted for moderate to large proportions of variance in several outcomes. These results extend prior work by identifying associations of three meaningful dimensions of childhood adversity with different risk profiles across psychological, social, and psychopathological domains. The findings enhance our understanding of the impact of childhood adversity across young adulthood. • We examined how adversity dimensions relate to psycho-social and symptom outcomes • Outcome data were collected across three prospective assessments • The dimensions had overlapping and differential longitudinal links with the outcomes • A degree of specificity was found in the prediction of psychosis symptom domains • Findings extend prior work on the utility of empirically-derived adversity dimensions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alexithymia is a multidimensional trait comprised of difficulties identifying feelings, difficulties describing feelings, and externally orientated thinking. It is regarded as an important risk factor for emotional disorders, but there are presently limited data on each specific facet of alexithymia, or the extent to which deficits in processing negative emotions, positive emotions, or both, are important. In this study, we address these gaps by using the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) to comprehensively examine the relationships between alexithymia and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. University students (N = 1250) completed the PAQ and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. Pearson correlations, hierarchical regressions, and latent profile analysis were conducted. All facets of alexithymia, across both valence domains, were significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (r = 0.27–0.40). Regression analyses indicated that the alexithymia facets, together, could account for a significant 14.6 %–16.4 % of the variance in depression, anxiety, and stress. Difficulties identifying negative feelings and difficulties identifying positive feelings were the strongest unique predictors across all symptom categories. Our latent profile analysis extracted eight profiles, comprising different combinations of alexithymia facets and psychopathology symptoms, collectively highlighting the transdiagnostic relevance of alexithymia facets. Our study involved a student sample, and further work in clinical samples will be beneficial. Our data indicate that all facets of alexithymia, across both valence domains, are relevant for understanding depression, anxiety, and stress. These findings demonstrate the value of facet-level and valence-specific alexithymia assessments, informing more comprehensive understanding and more targeted treatments of emotional disorder symptoms. • We explored what facet-level and valence-specific profiles of alexithymia characterize depression, anxiety, and stress. • All facets of alexithymia, across both negative and positive emotions, were correlated with depression, anxiety and stress. • Difficulty identifying feelings was the strongest unique predictor, with both valence domains being important. • People can have different alexithymia profiles, with difficulties processing negative emotions, positive emotions, or both. • Facet-level and valence-specific alexithymia profiles are valuable for understanding emotional disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Problematic use patterns were related to psychological dysfunction and risky driving. • Frequent cannabis users were more problematic than frequent alcohol users. • Dependency predicted risky driving behaviour via psychological dysfunctioning. • Dependency influenced driving behaviours while controlling for DUI frequency. • Self-regulation is an intervention point for problem substance use and risky driving. Problematic alcohol and cannabis use has been linked with psychological dysfunction and engagement in risky behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between alcohol and cannabis use patterns with self-regulatory dysfunction (i.e., worry; anger rumination; mindlessness; impulsivity), psychopathology (i.e., anxiety; depression; anger), and risky driving styles (i.e., anxious; dissociative; angry; reckless driving). An online survey was administered to three unique samples (n = 200 each) of Australian adults: frequent alcohol users, frequent cannabis users, and non-frequent substance users (i.e., the control group). Eligible participants did not use any other substance more than once per month. Comparative analysis (MANOVA) showed that frequent cannabis users had the highest self-reported psychological dysfunctioning and risky driving styles, followed by frequent alcohol users, and then the control group. Bivariate correlations revealed that most prominently, the severity of substance dependency and the frequency of driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol and cannabis were positively related to specific forms of psychological dysfunctioning and risky driving styles. Such findings highlight the potential relevance of both chronic and acute influences on driving behaviour. Finally, four separate path analyses were implemented which predicted specific risky driving styles (e.g., anxious driving), with substance use dependency as the moderator, and the corresponding self-regulatory dysfunction (e.g., worry) and psychopathology (e.g., anxiety) variables as mediators. The results suggested that substance use dependency indirectly affected risky driving styles, through its influence on specific self-regulatory dysfunction, and psychopathology, whilst controlling for the effects of DUI. Together these findings highlight the increased road safety risks associated with problematic alcohol and cannabis use, outside of acute-related influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Invalidating environment was analyzed in different seizure disorders. • Maternal negative response identified a group of patients with functional disorders. • Chaotic families predicted a specific drug-resistant epilepsy patients population. • Stress coping strategies were also analyzed in different seizure disorders. • The analysis of stress coping succeeded in identifying various seizure disorders. We investigated perceived invalidating environment during childhood and stress-coping strategies in patients with; functional dissociative seizures (FDS, n=26), drug-resistant epilepsy patients with no psychiatric comorbidity (DREnc, n=23), and drug-resistant epilepsy patients with psychiatric comorbidity (DREpc, n=34). We performed a cross-sectional study. Patients underwent Video Electroencephalography to confirm the diagnosis and completed a psychiatric assessment supported by clinical instruments. Invalidating environment and stress coping were studied through the ICES and CAE questionaries, respectively. A series of multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed with the explored variables. The maternal negative response model predicted a higher probability of FDS condition. A chaotic family type increased the likelihood of DREpc instead of FDS. DREpc and FDS patients displayed many different behaviors to cope with stress other than trying to solve the problem, the most used strategy in the DREnc group. Parental invalidation was higher in DREpc than in FDS. Our results deepen the data provided by previous studies indicating that multiple variables of biosocial origin have significant effects on these groups of patients. The presence of an invalidating environment may predict FDS but also the presence of psychiatric disorders among DRE. Psychotherapeutic strategies to enhance these variables might be necessary for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive function and general psychopathology are two important classes of human behavior dimensions that are individually related to mental disorders across diagnostic categories. However, whether these two transdiagnostic dimensions are linked to common or distinct brain networks that convey resilience or risk for the development of psychiatric disorders remains unclear. The current study is a longitudinal investigation with 11,875 youths from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at ages 9 to 10 years at the onset of the study. A machine learning approach based on canonical correlation analysis was used to identify latent dimensional associations of the resting-state functional connectome with multidomain behavioral assessments including cognitive functions and psychopathological measures. For the latent resting-state functional connectivity factor showing a robust behavioral association, its ability to predict psychiatric disorders was assessed using 2-year follow-up data, and its genetic association was evaluated using twin data from the same cohort. A latent functional connectome pattern was identified that showed a strong and generalizable association with the multidomain behavioral assessments (5-fold cross-validation: ρ = 0.68–0.73 for the training set [ n = 5096]; ρ = 0.56–0.58 for the test set [ n = 1476]). This functional connectome pattern was highly heritable (h 2 = 74.42%, 95% CI: 56.76%–85.42%), exhibited a dose-response relationship with the cumulative number of psychiatric disorders assessed concurrently and at 2 years post–magnetic resonance imaging scan, and predicted the transition of diagnosis across disorders over the 2-year follow-up period. These findings provide preliminary evidence for a transdiagnostic connectome–based measure that underlies individual differences in the development of psychiatric disorders during early adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irritability, marked by diminished frustration tolerance, holds significant implications for youth mental health treatment. Despite prior research on irritability trajectories, understanding of individual differences during adolescence remains limited. This study examines the stability and trajectory of irritability across ages 12–18, investigating associations with psychopathology and functioning at age 18. A community sample of families with 3-year-old children (N = 518) was recruited via commercial mailing lists. Irritability was assessed at ages 12, 15, and 18 using the Affective Reactivity Index. Psychopathology at age 18 was evaluated with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, and functioning was assessed through the UCLA Life Stress Interview. Measurement invariance analyses and latent growth curve modeling were conducted within a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance models were supported. Elevated irritability at age 12 predicted adverse outcomes at age 18, including increased psychotropic medication use, mental health treatment, suicidal ideation, self-injury, and psychiatric disorders. Importantly, these associations persisted even after accounting for corresponding variables at age 12. The trajectory of irritability during early adolescence significantly predicted heightened risks for various outcomes at age 18, including suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, disruptive behavior disorders, and impaired interpersonal functioning. Limitations include using only youth-reported data at age 18, limited generalizability from a mostly White, middle-class sample, and insufficient exploration of the broader developmental trajectory of irritability. Nevertheless, the findings emphasize the crucial role of irritability's trajectory in influencing various psychopathological and functional outcomes in late adolescence. • This study established full measurement invariance for youth-reported irritability using the ARI across adolescence. • Irritability in adolescence varied widely in both initial levels and rates of change. • Age 12 irritability predicts multiple negative outcomes by age 18, including depression, anxiety, and impairment. • Early adolescent irritability signals late adolescent problems, urging early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brief and valid patient-rated symptom scales represent a valuable addition to clinician-rated scales for assessing depression. Studies on the psychometric properties of the self-rated 6-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D6-SR) have shown promising results for outpatients with depression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the HAM-D6-SR among inpatients using the clinician-rated 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM D17) as the gold standard. Inpatients with unipolar or bipolar depression completed the HAM-D6-SR and were subsequently rated on the HAM-D17 by trained raters, who were blind to the HAM-D6-SR ratings. The pairs of HAM-D6-SR and HAM-D17 ratings were completed twice during admission to evaluate responsiveness over time. Agreement between the HAM-D6-SR and the clinician-rated HAM-D17–derived HAM-D6 was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Responsiveness was evaluated by means of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho). A total of 102 participants completed the HAM-D6-SR at least once (median age: 41 years; 66 % females). The ICC for the HAM-D6-SR and the HAM-D17–derived HAM-D6 was 0.60 (95%CI = 0.30–0.76), with the ICC at the item level ranging from 0.13 (Psychomotor retardation) to 0.75 (Depressed mood). The correlation between the changes in the baseline–endpoint total scores on the HAM-D6-SR and HAM-D17-derived HAM-D6 was rho = 0.59 (p < 0.001). Test-retest reliability and structural validity were not evaluated. The HAM-D6-SR holds promise as a valid self-report of core depressive symptoms among inpatients and may aid treatment decisions. However, the validity of self-reported psychomotor retardation was poor. • Self-reported and clinician-rated symptoms of depression show good agreement. • Self-reported symptoms of depression are sensitive to change. • Symptoms of depression have a strong negative association with well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Après une dynamique à bas bruit, la phénoménologie prend de nouveau son essor en psychiatrie, tout comme en psychopathologie clinique. Elle devient particulièrement pertinente dans ces domaines où l'observation de phénomènes et la recherche de structures pour les organiser s'imposent comme outil clinique de compréhension du sujet. Il s'agit, d'une part, de parcourir le développement de la phénoménologie structurale dans les sciences humaines et médicales, d'autre part, d'explorer ses liens avec les processus de création afin de soutenir une réflexion pragmatique autour de la prise en charge des patients. Elle s'étaye sur le cas clinique d'un adolescent âgé de 14 ans présentant un syndrome de Williams et Beuren. Au terme de six années de prise en charge institutionnelle, il bénéficie d'un dispositif de huit séances d'art-thérapie visant à mettre son parcours en historicité pour accéder à une préprofessionnalisation. L'exploration repose sur une clinique évaluative en test/retest avec l'outil projectif Rorschach et les Grilles d'Analyse de Contenu basées sur l'Approche Phénoméno-Structurale (GACAPS) développées par L. Schiltz. Nous notons une amélioration de ses capacités d'attention et de socialisation ainsi qu'une augmentation de ses capacités à mobiliser son imaginaire et à accéder à l'élaboration de sa pensée. Toutefois, l'analyse phénoméno-structurale, par-delà des réponses créatives en nombre croissant, permet de repérer des angoisses envahissantes laissant craindre un basculement dans un fonctionnement psychotique en cette étape existentielle d'un rite de passage. La phénoménologie, au sens d'une méthode sensible, n'a de sens que si on la pratique dans le monde de la vraie vie en laquelle le « être dans le même paysage » devient autant outil diagnostique que processus de soin. Le Test de Rorschach avec les grilles d'analyse GACAPS, tout autant que la méthode IPSE (Processus inductif d'analyse de la structure de l'expérience vécue), en sont des outils pragmatiques apportant des résultats pertinents pour une clinique de la modernité. After a period of low-key development, phenomenology is once again gaining ground in psychiatry, as well as in clinical psychology and psychopathology. It is becoming particularly relevant in these fields, where the observation of phenomena and the quest for structures to organize them are very appropriate clinical tools for understanding the subject. The aims of this article are, on the one hand, to review the development of structural phenomenology in the human and medical sciences, and on the other hand, to explore its relationship to creative processes in order to support pragmatic reflection on patient care. This study is based on the clinical case of a 14-year-old adolescent with Williams & Beuren syndrome. After six years of institutional care, he participated in a program of eight sessions of art therapy designed to retrace his pathway for access to pre-professionalization. Our evaluation is based on a test/retest evaluative clinic using the Rorschach projective test and the Content Analysis Grids centered on the Phenomeno-structural Approach (GACAPS) developed by L. Schiltz. We noted an improvement in the adolescent's attention and social skills, as well as an increase in his ability to mobilize his imagination and to access the elaboration of his thoughts. However, the phenomeno-structural analysis, aside from the increasing number of creative responses, enabled us to detect invasive anxieties, which make us fear that, with him, this existential stage of a rite of passage represents a risk that could lead to psychotic problems. Phenomenology, given that it is a subtle method, only makes sense if practiced in the world of real life, where "being in the same landscape" becomes as much a diagnostic tool as it is a treatment process. The Rorschach Test with its GACAPS analysis grids, as well as the IPSE method (Processus inductif d'analyse de la structure de l'expérience vécue - Inductive Process for the Analysis of the Structure of Lived Experience), are pragmatic tools providing relevant results in a context of a clinic of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une recherche-action en psychologie clinique. Il porte sur les effets psychologiques du délaissement parental chez l'enfant placé en famille d'accueil. L'objectif principal est de contribuer à la compréhension de ce phénomène en proposant une définition psychologique du délaissement. Le dispositif méthodologique s'appuie sur une approche mixte, quantitative et qualitative. Vingt-deux sujets ont été rencontrés. Deux groupes cliniques ont été créés. Le groupe 1 concerne des enfants qui n'ont plus de relation manifeste avec leur parent de naissance (n = 11). Le groupe 2 regroupe des enfants qui subissent un désinvestissement de la relation parentale (n = 11). Les outils utilisés sont les cartes pour le complètement d'histoire (CCH), une variation de l'Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) avec l'Edicode, des épreuves projectives (test des 5 éléments, CAT, TAT, l'ESM, génogramme imaginaire) et des entretiens cliniques de recherche semi-structurés. Les résultats soulignent l'expression de traumatisme psychique et la manifestation d'un modèle d'attachement désorganisé. Au niveau des processus psychopathologiques, nous observons l'expression prépondérante d'équivalents dépressifs et luttes antidépressives sur un versant maniaque, des angoisses archaïques et le primat de processus primaires avec un recours intense au clivage fonctionnel. Sur le plan des modèles internes opérants et des imagos parentales, nous constatons une surreprésentation de l'accueil familial par rapport aux familles de naissance. Ces résultats mobilisent nos hypothèses initiales en termes de quête des origines, de scène primitive, de l'existence de plusieurs romans familiaux ainsi que de la question de la double appartenance des figures d'attachement alternatives par compensation entre les filiations et les affiliations. À partir de l'analyse des résultats, nous soumettons une définition psychologique du délaissement qui recouvre selon nous trois réalités juridicocliniques sur le plan de la psychopathologie de l'empêchement des parents : le délaissement réel, le délaissement psychique parental et le délaissement par discontinuité. This work is part of an action-research project in clinical psychology. It focuses on the psychological effects of parental abandonment on foster children. The main objective is to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon by proposing a psychological definition of parental abandonment. The methodology was based on a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. Twenty-two subjects were interviewed. Two clinical groups were created. Group 1 involved children who no longer had an obvious relationship with their birth parents (n = 11). Group 2 consisted of children who had lost interest in their parents. (n = 11). The tools used were the Complete History Cards (CCH), a variation of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) with the Edicode, projective tests (a 5-item test, CAT, TAT, ESM, imaginary genogram) and semi-structured clinical research interviews. The results highlight the expression of psychic trauma and the manifestation of a disorganized attachment pattern. In terms of psychopathological processes, we observed the predominant expression of depressive equivalents and antidepressive struggles on a manic side, archaic anxieties and the primacy of primary processes with intense recourse to functional cleavage. In terms of operating internal models and parental imagos, we note an over-representation of foster care families compared to birth families. These results confirm our initial hypotheses in terms of the quest for origins, the primitive scene, the existence of several family romances, and the question of dual belonging to alternative attachment figures by compensation between filiations and affiliations. Based on our analysis of the results, we propose a psychological definition of parental abandonment, which we believe covers three legal-clinical realities in terms of the psychopathology of parental impediment: real abandonment, parental psychic abandonment and abandonment by discontinuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nous allons essayer d'identifier ce qui œuvre derrière la création de deux artistes nés dans deux pays du Nord, Fiodor Dostoïevski (1821–1881) en Russie, et Anna-Eva Bergman (1909–1987) en Norvège. Parmi leurs œuvres, nous allons nous appesantir sur Les frères Karamazov , une œuvre qui résume toutes les interrogations de leur auteur, et sur l'évolution des peintures de Bergman. Ils font appel chacun à un désir instinctuel pour se constituer une bibliothèque de souvenirs, écrits pour l'un, peints pour l'autre. De quoi se soutient ce désir instinctuel ? Nous faisons l'hypothèse que c'est la forme que prend leur jouissance. Cette jouissance est développée différemment dans leur œuvre, circonscrite dans un personnage chez Dostoïevski, diffuse dans les tableaux de Bergman. Elle apparaît genrée dans le produit de leur création, mais pas dans leur processus de création. Des hypothèses mises au travail dans cet article. We will try to identify what lies behind the creation of two artists, born in two northern countries, Fiodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881) in Russia, and Anna-Eva Bergman (1909–1987) in Norway. Among their works, we will focus on The Brothers Karamazov , a work that summarizes all the questions of its author, and on the evolution of Bergman's paintings. They each appeal to an instinctual desire to create a library of memories, written for one, painted for the other. What underpins this instinctual desire? We hypothesize that this is the form that their pleasure takes. This enjoyment is developed differently in their work, circumscribed in a character for Dostoyevsky, diffused in Bergman's paintings. It appears gendered in the product of their creation but not in their creative process. These are the hypotheses applied in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological testing is used in some preoperative psychological evaluations of patients seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) contains new norms, updated item content, and new scales such as Eating Concerns and Impulsivity, which are relevant to the assessment of patients seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery. The goal of this investigation was to establish convergent and discriminant properties of the MMPI-3 scales with relevant clinical interview and medical record data from electronic medical records. Academic medical center in the Midwest. A sample of 790 consecutive patients who completed a preoperative psychological evaluation and took the MMPI-3 were included. Data from medical records and the assessment report were coded by a trained research assistant. MMPI-3 scale scores demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. For instance, the Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction scales correlated with depression and anxiety disorder, suicide history, sexual abuse history, psychotropic medication use, and eating behaviors. Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction scales correlated with alcohol, nicotine, and substance use and eating behaviors such as loss-of-control overeating. The Eating Concerns scale demonstrated the highest correlational patterns with various eating behaviors such as loss-of-control overeating, binge eating, and stress eating. MMPI-3 scale scores perform as well as their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form counterparts. Newer scales, such as Eating Concerns and Impulsivity, perform particularly well in the assessment of various eating behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'unité régionale de soins aux auteurs de violences sexuelles a vu le jour à Lille, en 2009, sous l'impulsion du Docteur Tiphaine Séguret, et sous l'égide de l'Agence Régionale de Santé des Hauts-de-France. Elle est hébergée par le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille. Cette unité est née de l'impérieuse nécessité de créer et coordonner des soins spécifiques incluant les dimensions psychocriminologiques et sexocriminologiques, dans une articulation au carrefour de la Santé et de la Justice. À l'origine dédiée aux sortants de prison condamnés pour des infractions à caractère sexuel, cette unité a connu une diversification protéiforme, à mesure de la découverte des nombreux cas de figure et problématiques qui lui étaient confiés. Exerçant aujourd'hui de la pédiatrie jusqu'aux institutions pour personnes âgées dépendantes, l'URSAVS a ouvert la voie à une réflexion de fond sur les méthodes et pratiques de soins spécifiques aux auteurs de violences sexuelles. Ses résultats en matière de prévention de la récidive à cinq ans (1 %) montrent une efficacité durable de son paradigme de soin, rapportée aux statistiques nationales de récidives sur la même durée (15 % pour les viols, 11 % pour les agressions sexuelles, 12 % pour les harcèlements sexuels, selon le ministère français de la Justice). The regional unit for the care of perpetrators of sexual violence (URSAVS) was established in Lille in 2009, under to the impetus of Doctor Tiphaine Séguret, and under the aegis of the Regional Health Agency of the department of Hauts-de-France. It is hosted by the University Hospital of Lille. This unit was born out of the urgent need to establish and coordinate specific care services including psycho- and sex-criminological dimensions, at the crossroads of mental health service and judicial entities. Originally destined for those who had been convicted of sexual offences and who were being released from prison, this unit has diversified in many ways, as the many cases and problems entrusted to it were discovered. Operating today in the realms of pediatrics, care of the elderly, and including the National Education system, URSAVS has paved the way for a fundamental reflection on the methods and practices of care specific to perpetrators of sexual violences. Its results in the prevention of recidivism after 5 years (1%), demonstrate the lasting effectiveness of its paradigm of care, especially when compared to national statistics on recidivism over the same period (15% for rape, 11% for sexual assault, 12% for sexual harassment, according to the French Ministry of Justice). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Décrire les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et cliniques des enfants victimes de violences sexuelles en milieu scolaire. Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur 30 dossiers d'expertises psychiatriques réalisées pour des enfants et des adolescents ayant été exposés à des situations de violence sexuelle en milieu scolaire, et qui se sont présentés au service de pédopsychiatrie au CHU Hédi Chaker de Sfax (Tunisie), suite à des réquisitions émanant des services de la police nationale. Ces dossiers d'expertises ont été recrutés durant une période de 6 mois allant du mois de janvier 2019 à juin 2019. L'âge moyen de nos patients était de 11,7 ± 3 ans dont 57 % étaient de sexe masculin. L'auteur de l'agression était de sexe masculin dans 86,7 % des cas, un mineur au moment des faits dans 53,3 % des cas et, un enseignant ou un personnel du cadre scolaire dans 30 % des cas. Les sévices subis par les enfants victimes étaient des attouchements dans 56,6 % des cas, exhibitionnisme dans 30 % des cas et la pénétration anale dans 26,7 % des cas. Les sévices étaient répétés dans 53 % des cas, essentiellement pour les sévices de type exposition à la pornographie. Les victimes présentaient à l'examen expertal essentiellement des symptômes anxieux (dans 76,7 % des cas) et des troubles du sommeil (dans 46,7 % des cas). Un trouble de stress post-traumatique a été retenu dans 16,7 % des cas. Les résultats de notre étude suggèrent que les agressions sexuelles en milieu scolaire peuvent concerner différentes classes sociodémographiques. Les agressions sexuelles entre des mineurs paraissent assez fréquentes et les manifestations cliniques présentées par les victimes sont non spécifiques. Ceci incite à mener des compagnes de sensibilisation auprès des travailleurs avec les enfants pour prévenir ce phénomène. Sexual violence in schools among children and adolescents is a public health problem. Its frequency and its short- and long-term consequences are often underestimated due to the non-specific socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the victims. To describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of child victims of sexual violence in schools. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive and analytic study of 30 psychiatric expert reports carried out for children and adolescents who had been exposed to sexual violence in the school environment. Patients were presented to the department of child psychiatry of the CHU Hédi Chaker of Sfax, following requisitions from the national police services. The psychiatric expert reports were collected over a period of six months from January 2019 to June 2019. The average age of our patients was 11.7 ± 3 years, 57% of whom were male. The perpetrator of the sexual violence was a male in 86.7% of cases, a minor at the time of the events in 53.3% of cases and a teacher or a member of the school staff in 30% of cases. Sexual abuses consisted of sexual touching in 56.6% of cases, exhibitionism in 30% of cases and anal penetration in 26.7% of cases. Sexual abuse was repeated in 53% of cases, mainly for exposure to pornography. The victim's expert examination concluded to mainly anxiety symptoms (in 76.7% of cases) and sleep disorders (in 46.7% of cases). A post-traumatic stress disorder was retained in 16.7% of cases. The results of our study suggest that sexual violence in the school environment can concern different socio-demographic classes. Sexual violence between minors seems quite frequent and the clinical manifestations presented by the victims are non-specific. This encourages the conduct of awareness-raising campaigns among workers with children to prevent this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia is a common comorbidity in schizophrenia. Increasing cross-sectional evidence suggests an association between insomnia and suicidal ideation (SI) and symptom severity in schizophrenia. We investigated longitudinal associations over 3 months between insomnia, suicidal ideation, and symptom severity in a group of patients with chronic schizophrenia. We performed a secondary analysis of data from n = 305 participants from the Preventing Relapse Oral Antipsychotics Compared to Injectables Evaluating Efficacy (PROACTIVE) schizophrenia trial using regression models. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe insomnia was 17.7 % at baseline and 13.6 % at 3 months, respectively. The prevalence of SI was 22 % at baseline and 22.5 % at 3 months. After controlling for potential confounders, improved SI from baseline to 3 months was associated with both baseline moderate-to-severe insomnia (OR = 3.81, 95 % CI 1.11–13.12, p = 0.034) and improvement in insomnia (OR = 3.50, 95 % CI 1.23–9.92, p = 0.013). Worsening SI from baseline to 3 months was associated with worsening insomnia (OR = 3.50, 95 % CI 1.23–9.92, p = 0.013), but not baseline insomnia. Improvement in BPRS total score from baseline to 3 months was associated with improvement in insomnia (β = 0.17, p = 0.029), but not baseline insomnia. Insomnia is common in patients with chronic schizophrenia and insomnia showed significant associations with SI and psychopathology. Clinicians should consider insomnia when assessing suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress modulates the activity of various memory systems and can thereby guide behavioral interaction with the environment in an adaptive or maladaptive manner. At the cellular level, a large body of evidence indicates that (nor)adrenaline and glucocorticoid release induced by acute stress exposure affects synapse function and synaptic plasticity, which are critical substrates for learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that memories are supported in the brain by sparsely distributed neurons within networks, termed engram cell ensembles. While the physiological and molecular effects of stress on the synapse are increasingly well characterized, how these synaptic modifications shape the multiscale dynamics of engram cell ensembles is still poorly understood. In this review, we discuss and integrate recent information on how acute stress affects synapse function and how this may alter engram cell ensembles and their synaptic connectivity to shape memory strength and memory precision. We provide a mechanistic framework of a synaptic engram under stress and put forward outstanding questions that address knowledge gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie stress-induced memory modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal self-appraisal (TSA) is the trajectory of self-appraisal over time, including how a person views their past and future selves in relation to their present self. In this study, we examined the TSA of individuals with and without a history of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Using Amazon Mechanical Turk for recruitment, we studied 397 participants on validated measures of TSA, STBs, and mood. The non-STB group (n = 291) had a TSA trajectory similar to that previously found for nonclinical populations, with perceived self-improvement over time. In contrast, the TSA of the STB group (n = 106) had two distinct qualities: their TSA profiles were more negative at all time points (past, present, and future) than the non-STB group, and they displayed similar anticipated present-to-future growth as the non-STB group but perceived minimal past-to-present change. These differences persisted when controlling for depression, anxiety, and stress, suggesting a distinct STB-related TSA profile independent of comorbid affective states. This study is limited by the use of self-report measures and cross-sectional design. By investigating TSA, this study provides insights into the unique aspects of self-appraisal associated with having a history of STBs and emphasizes the need for therapeutic interventions that foster self-continuity and positive self-appraisal across time. Future research should focus on clarifying the mechanisms underlying this distinct self-appraisal pattern in the STB group and the effects of interventions that enhance temporal self-appraisal. • Non-suicide history group shows consistent self-growth across all time points. • Suicide history group exhibits negative self-views from past to future. • Suicide history group views their past to present self as unchanged. • Despite negativity, suicide history group expects future self-improvement. • Focusing on temporal self-appraisal could be crucial in suicide intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) leads to beneficial and sustained outcomes. However, many patients evidence weight recurrence and psychosocial functioning may be associated with weight recurrence. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 3 (MMPI-3) is validated for use in presurgical MBS evaluations and likely has clinical utility in understanding weight recurrence and other aspects of postoperative functioning. The objective of the current investigation is to understand how postoperative psychosocial functioning relates to weight recurrence and other behaviors and constructs 6 years after MBS. Cleveland Clinic Bariatric and Metabolic Institute. A sample of 163 participants consented to take a battery of self-report measures related to psychological functioning, eating behaviors, adherence, alcohol misuse, and quality of life along with their postoperative weight. MMPI-3 scale scores were prorated from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 – Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) or scored from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 – Restructured Form – Expanded (MMPI-2-RF-EX). Weight recurrence was quite variable in this sample. Postoperative MMPI-3 scales related to emotional/internalizing dysfunction were modestly associated with higher weight recurrence. Postoperative MMPI-3 scale scores also demonstrated associations with other postoperative outcomes including measures of eating behaviors, adherence, alcohol misuse, and quality of life. Postoperative psychosocial functioning as assessed by the MMPI-3 was associated with weight recurrence and a number of other problematic psychological outcomes beyond weight recurrence. • A new version of a widely-used psychological test, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 3 (MMPI-3) contains new norms, updated item content, and new scales relevant to the prediction of outcomes of patients seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). • Higher scale scores on the MMPI-3 were associated with weight recurrence 6-years after surgery. • Poorer eating behaviors, adherence, alcohol misuse, and quality of life were also associated with higher postoperative MMPI-3 scale scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'environnement est un concept qui permet de réinterroger la psychopathologie psychanalytique classique, à commencer par la nature du symptôme et les processus qui le structurent, puis les notions de normal et pathologique. Cet article propose ainsi les principaux axes d'une psychopathologie psychanalytique de l'environnement dans une dimension intersubjective. Nous opérons une lecture et une analyse singulières des théories de Donald W. Winnicott sur l'environnement et des concepts qui lui sont liés, en particulier la dépendance, le self , l'agressivité et la réparation. Puis nous décrivons leurs complémentarités et leurs ruptures avec les théories anglo-saxonnes, comme elles furent portées par Sándor Ferenczi, Mélanie Klein et Michael Balint. Il existe différents types de défaillances selon que l'environnement empiète affectivement et corporellement sur les besoins du nourrisson par la séduction, le tourment ou la disparition. Ce qui importe étant le moment de dépendance durant lequel elles ont lieu, générant soit une privation affective et potentiellement une organisation psychotique ou maniaco-dépressive au moment de la dépendance absolue, soit une déprivation affective et potentiellement une organisation antisociale au moment de la dépendance relative. Les défaillances de l'environnement (Winnicott) peuvent ainsi se retrouver complémentaires aux positions paranoïde-schizoïde et dépressive (Klein), comme aux concepts d'ocnophilie et de philobatisme (Balint). Le concept d'environnement montre également combien c'est la motricité qui constitue une expérience intersubjective dans la construction du self. Chez les parents, elle se manifeste avant tout dans le maintien ordinaire, chez le nourrisson, dans l'agressivité à l'origine de son geste spontané, tout à la fois destructeur et créateur, puis plus largement réparateur dans les environnements familial et social. La régression à la dépendance pourra devenir nécessaire à l'exploration d'expériences primaires inhérentes à l'ensemble individu-environnement et avoir une fonction de réintégration intersubjective. L'esquisse pour une psychopathologie psychanalytique de l'environnement est donc pertinente pour interpréter les souffrances du self comme des « troubles » intersubjectifs et analyser les cas cliniques de régression à la dépendance dans la situation analytique. The environment is a concept that allows us to re-examine classical psychoanalytic psychopathology, starting with the nature of the symptom and the processes that structure it, then the notions of the normal and the pathological. This article thus proposes the main axes of a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment in an intersubjective dimension. We carry out a singular reading and analysis of Donald W. Winnicott's theories on the environment and the concepts related to it, in particular dependence, the self, aggressiveness, and repair. Then we describe their complementarities and their breaks with Anglo-Saxon theories, as developed by Sándor Ferenczi, Melanie Klein, and Michael Balint. There are different types of failures depending on whether the environment impinges affectively and bodily on the needs of the infant through seduction, torment, or disappearance. What matters is the moment of dependence during which they take place, generating either potentially a psychotic or manic-depressive organization at the moment of absolute dependence, or potentially an antisocial organization at the moment of relative dependence. The failures of the environment (Winnicott) can thus be considered complementary to the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions (Klein), as well as to the concepts of ocnophilia and philobatism (Balint). The concept of environment also shows how motor skills constitute an important intersubjective experience in the construction of the self. In parents, this manifests itself above all in ordinary holding; in infants, in the aggressiveness at the origin of their spontaneous gestures, both destructive and creative, then becoming more broadly restorative in the family and social environments. Regression to dependence may become necessary for the exploration of primary experiences inherent to the individual-environment dyad, and may also have a function of intersubjective reintegration. This sketch for a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment is therefore relevant for interpreting the sufferings of the self as intersubjective "disorders" and for analyzing clinical cases of regression to dependence in the analytic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from childhood to adolescence is characterized by enhanced neural plasticity and a consequent susceptibility to both beneficial and adverse aspects of one's milieu. To understand the implications of the interplay between protective and risk-enhancing factors, we analyzed longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (n = 834; 394 female). We probed the maturational correlates of positive lifestyle variables (friendships, parental warmth, school engagement, physical exercise, healthy nutrition) and genetic vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) and sought to further elucidate their implications for psychological well-being. Genetic risk factors and lifestyle buffers showed divergent relationships with later attentional and interpersonal problems. These effects were mediated by distinguishable functional neurodevelopmental deviations spanning the limbic, default mode, visual, and control systems. More specifically, greater genetic vulnerability was associated with alterations in the normative maturation of areas rich in dopamine (D 2), glutamate, and serotonin receptors and of areas with stronger expression of astrocytic and microglial genes, a molecular signature implicated in the brain disorders discussed here. Greater availability of lifestyle buffers predicted deviations in the normative functional development of higher density GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) receptor regions. The two profiles of neurodevelopmental alterations showed complementary roles in protection against psychopathology, which varied with environmental stress levels. Our results underscore the importance of educational involvement and healthy nutrition in attenuating the neurodevelopmental sequelae of genetic risk factors. They also underscore the importance of characterizing early-life biomarkers associated with adult-onset pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comment le pédopsychiatre, qui accompagne des enfants ou adolescents sujets à des psychotraumatismes complexes, est-il amené à penser la dimension clinique mais aussi socio-politique de sa pratique ? Nous discutons ici certains des questionnements qui peuvent être ceux du clinicien dans le domaine de la psychotraumatologie, jusqu'à se réinterroger sur les principes actifs fondamentaux de l'intervention soignante, et en particulier en matière de santé mentale. What do child psychiatrists who work with children or adolescents suffering from complex psychotraumatic disorders think about the clinical and socio-political dimensions of their practice? In this article, we discuss some of the questions that clinicians in the field of psychotraumatology may ask themselves, to the point of re-examining the fundamental active principles of healthcare intervention, particularly in the field of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) has been widely used in bariatric surgery samples. However, questions remain regarding its utility when predicting changes in body mass index over time following bariatric surgery. Examine whether MMPI-2-RF scales differentially predict 12-month changes in body mass index (BMI) following bariatric surgery when comparing patients with Class III or higher versus Class II or lower obesity. Military hospital in the Northwestern United States. This retrospective study evaluated data from 193 bariatric surgery patients who completed the MMPI-2-RF as part of presurgical evaluation requirements. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to predict body mass index over a 12-month postsurgical period based on MMPI-2-RF scales. Loss to follow-up rate was 30% during this period. Among patients with Class II or lower obesity, the Symptom Validity, Adjustment Validity, Response Bias, Cynicism, Aggression, Stress/Worry, and Anger Proneness scales showed a significant relationship to BMI after bariatric surgery. Among patients with Class III or higher obesity, the Infrequent Psychopathology Responses, Emotional / Internalizing Dysfunction, Ideas of Persecution, Multiple Specific Fears, and Inefficacy scales showed a significant relationship to body mass index after bariatric surgery. Certain MMPI-2-RF scales may have better utility in predicting bariatric surgery outcomes based on the patient's obesity severity. The interaction of metabolic and personality factors may play a significant role in weight change following bariatric surgery. • MMPI-2-RF scales predicting postsurgical BMI may differ based on obesity severity. • Anger proneness predicted BMI increases for patients with Class I or II obesity. • The Internalizing scale predicted BMI decrease for Patients with Class III + obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaired intestinal permeability has recently been suggested as a possible source of chronic inflammation in schizophrenia, but its association with specific psychopathological features remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the interaction between intestinal permeability, inflammation, and positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia using a network analysis approach. The study sample comprised 281 adults with schizophrenia (age 40.29 ± 13.65 years, 63.0 % males), enrolled in a cross-sectional observational study assessing intestinal permeability. We estimated the network with a Gaussian graphical model, incorporating scores from 14 individual items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), along with body mass index (BMI), and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels. We calculated strength centrality and expected influence and used bridge centrality statistics to identify the bridge nodes. Distinct but highly interconnected clusters emerged for positive and negative symptoms. The biological variables were closely associated with each other. LBP was positively linked with CRP and BMI, but only indirectly connected to psychopathology. CRP exhibited direct positive relationships with various PANSS items and bridged LBP and BMI with psychopathology. Bridge nodes included Conceptual Disorganisation (P2), Active Social Avoidance (G16), Suspiciousness/Persecution (P6), and CRP. These findings support the role of gut-derived inflammation as a mechanism underlying greater symptom severity in schizophrenia and emphasise the importance of addressing dietary habits not only to enhance physical health but also to contribute to improving psychotic symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to validate the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (CCSM) as a screening tool for a wide variety of disorders within busy community outpatient mental health settings. Participants (N = 851) were referred for coordinated specialty care services (mean age = 20.26 years (SD = 2.97); 82.5 % Caucasian, 7.5 % African American, 0.7 % Native American, 0.7 % Pacific Islander, 0.8 % Asian, 7.8 % Multiracial; 15.1 % Latinx; 53.1 % female, 45.5 % male, 1.4 % other gender). At optimal cut-score, specificity ranged from 57 to 77 % for depression, anxiety, substance use and psychosis domains; sensitivity ranged from 63 to 72 %. Scores for depression, anxiety, substance use and psychosis domains differed significantly by groups with and without diagnoses. Correlations among domains were larger where expected (r = 0.52, depression-suicidal ideation), and relatively smaller where expected (r = 0.28, suicidal ideation-inattention). Depression, anxiety, substance use and psychosis domains evidenced incremental validity for their respective diagnoses (change in explained variance, 3–15 %). Psychometric features of CCSM were broadly supported. Criterion measures did not have inter-rater reliabilities as this is generally prohibitive in clinic settings. The CCSM could provide a first step in screening for multiple disorders; however, it cannot replace structured interviews for making diagnoses related to these conditions. • This study provided evidence for the psychometric characteristics of a modified version of the CCSM • Regarding sensitivity and specificity, best support was found for depression, anxiety, substance use and psychosis cut-scores • CCSM scores for depression, anxiety, substance use, and psychosis domains show known group differences and criterion validity • Convergent, construct, and divergent validities were supported via correlations among CCSM/CLSM constructs and CCSM domains • Regression results show incremental predictive validity for depression, anxiety, substance use, memory, and psychosis domains [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatry is currently negotiating several challenges that are typified by (but are not unique to) schizophrenia: do periodic refinements in operational diagnostic algorithms (a) resolve intricacies and subtleties within and between psychotic and non-psychotic disorders that are authentic and impactful, or (b) constitute arbitrary and porous boundaries that should be complemented, or even replaced, by dimensional-continuum concepts of abnormality and dysfunction. Critically, these issues relate not only to apparent boundaries between diagnoses but also to those between 'health' and 'illness'. This article considers catatonia within evolving dimensional-continuum approaches to the description of impairment and dysfunction among psychotic and non-psychotic disorders. It begins by considering the definition and assessment of catatonia vis-à-vis other disorders, followed by its long-standing conjunction with schizophrenia, relationship with antipsychotic drug treatment, transdiagnostic perspectives and relationships, and pathobiological processes. These appear to involve dysfunction across elements in overlapping neural networks that result in a confluence of psychopathology and intrinsic hypo- and hyperkinetic motor dysfunction. It has been argued that while current diagnostic approaches can have utility in defining groups of cases that are closely related, contemporary evidence indicates categorical diagnoses to be arbitrary divisions of what is essentially a continuous landscape. Psychotic and non-psychotic diagnoses, including catatonia, may reflect arbitrary areas around points of intersection between orthogonal dimensions of psychopathology and intrinsic movement disorder in a poly-dimensional space that characterises this continuous landscape of mental health and dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysmorphic concern (DC) is a symptom affecting both clinical and non-clinical populations, with a severe impact on individuals' physical and psychological well-being. While Childhood Trauma (CT) has been identified as a risk factor for DC, there is a lack of research on a specific form of CT, that is, parental overcontrol. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the association between DC and parental overcontrol in a community sample of adults, controlling for other forms of CT and potential confounding variables. 714 adults (508 females; mean age: 30.29 ± 11.67 years; age range: 18–77) participated in an online survey including the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), the Overcontrol subscale of the Measure Of Parental Style, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF). Parental overcontrol was independently associated with DC symptoms (β = 0.111; p =.005; CI = [0.119;0.666]), even after controlling for other forms of CT and sociodemographic and clinical confounding variables. The cross-sectional design of the study, the unbalanced sex ratio, the retrospective self-reported data about parental overcontrol and CT should be considered. This finding suggests that parental overcontrol may play a role in the development and maintenance of DC symptoms, remarking the urge to take more into account parental overcontrol in the assessment of CT. • We investigated the association between dysmorphic concern and parental overcontrol. • Other forms of childhood trauma and confounding variables were controlled for. • Parental overcontrol was independently associated with dysmorphic concern severity. • Parental overcontrol may play a role in the development/maintenance of dysmorphic concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H.P. Lovecraft (1890–1937) est un écrivain américain dont l'œuvre a renouvelé la littérature fantastique et inauguré un genre nouveau. Son maître premier est Edgar Allan Poe mais il a été également influencé par Lord Dunsany ou Arthur Machen. Auteur de très nombreux romans et nouvelles, mais aussi d'une correspondance riche de plusieurs dizaines de milliers de lettres (on dit jusqu'à 100 000 !), son monde est hanté par la dégénérescence des corps, la dissolution des limites de la réalité, la dangerosité de l'Autre et l'angoisse intense qu'il provoque. Préférant le contact médié par l'écriture à la présence physique réelle, Lovecraft fait état d'une xénophobie généralisée tendant au racisme et fondée sur le dégoût du corps de l'autre. L'objectif de ce travail est de saisir la dynamique psychique de cet écrivain de deux points de vue : celui de la psychopathologie et des différents diagnostics qui ont été émis et celui de sa capacité créative. L'histoire personnelle de H.P. Lovecraft ainsi que son œuvre littéraire, sa correspondance et les témoignages de personnes de son entourage servent de matériel pour décrypter chez lui le processus de création, les signes de sa position subjective ainsi que ceux pouvant relever du registre de la psychopathologie. L'écriture, dès l'enfance, a représenté pour Lovecraft une sauvegarde contre les dangers du monde extérieur, l'écran qui le protégeait du contact avec les autres et donc aussi du réel. Le génie littéraire de Lovecraft est absolument indissociable de son être. Lovecraft est devenu par ses propres moyens un être d'écriture, un scriptêtre plutôt qu'un parlêtre. Les hypothèses sur sa (psycho)pathologie, nombreuses et parfois contradictoires, ne peuvent en aucun cas rendre compte de son talent littéraire. Ce sont plutôt ses rêves qui le guident dans l'écriture de ses nouvelles. Davantage qu'un art, plus qu'une mise en forme de son angoisse, plus encore qu'un dépôt et un vidage de jouissance, l'écriture pour Lovecraft dresse l'écran imaginaire sur lequel le réel insupportable est signifié et saisi en tant que réalité. L'écriture est pour lui un exercice addictif, continu, protecteur et nécessaire : il ne cesse pas d'écrire. Par son extraordinaire ampleur – romans et correspondance –, elle prend précisément la place de l'imaginaire et c'est par elle que sont noués pour l'écrivain les registres du symbolique et du réel. Ainsi, chez lui, le rêve devient-il une source directe et continue de création. La sorte d'autobiographie constituée peu à peu dans sa correspondance, les témoignages de ceux et celles qui l'ont connu, ainsi que la lecture de son œuvre, ont permis d'établir à son propos différents diagnostics psychopathologiques qui seront soumis à discussion. Le parcours personnel de Lovecraft est celui d'un créateur malheureux sans doute, mais dont le travail d'écriture contribua néanmoins à la sauvegarde. Car c'est aussi d'un extraordinaire parcours d'autothérapie qu'il s'agit. Lovecraft ne connut pas la gloire ni la fortune de son vivant, mais ne pouvant faire autrement, il écrivit sans cesse jusqu'à sa mort, sans se préoccuper vraiment de réussite. L'écriture, dès l'enfance, a représenté pour lui une sauvegarde contre les dangers du monde extérieur, l'écran qui le protégeait du contact avec les autres et donc aussi du réel. Pour lovecraft, l'écriture fait sinthome et il parvient à se constituer un public, certes réduit, mais intelligent et admiratif, sur lequel il s'appuie pour construire peu à peu, mais assez vite, un réseau de relations sociales, d'abord médié par l'écriture puis, au fur et à mesure, de plus en plus direct. H.P. Lovecraft (1890–1937) was an American writer whose work renewed fantasy literature and inaugurated a new genre. His first master was Edgar Allan Poe, but he was also influenced by Lord Dunsany and Arthur Machen. Author of numerous novels and short stories, but also of a rich correspondence of several tens of thousands of letters (as many as 100,000, according to one count!), his world is haunted by the degeneration of bodies, the dissolution of the limits of reality, and the danger of the Other and the intense anguish that it provokes. Preferring the mediation of writing to the real physical presence, Lovecraft expresses a generalized xenophobia tending to racism and based on the disgust caused by the body of the other. The objective of this work is to grasp the psychic dynamics of this writer from two points of view : that of psychopathology and the various diagnoses that have been made, and that of his creative capacity. Lovecraft's personal history as well as his literary work, his correspondence, and the testimonies of people around him are used as material to decipher his creative process, the signs of his subjective position as well as those that could be related to psychopathology. Writing, from childhood on, represented for Lovecraft a safeguard against the dangers of the outside world, the screen that protected him from contact with others and therefore also from reality. Lovecraft's literary genius is absolutely inseparable from his being. Lovecraft became by his own means a being of writing, a scriptbeing rather than a talkbeing. The hypotheses about his (psycho)pathology, numerous and sometimes contradictory, can in no way account for his literary talent. It is rather his dreams that guide him in the writing of his short stories. More than an art, more than a formatting of his anguish, more than a deposit and emptying of jouissance, writing for Lovecraft sets up the imaginary screen on which the unbearable real is signified and seized as reality. Writing is for him an addictive, continuous, protective, and necessary exercise : he never stops writing. By its extraordinary extent – novels and correspondence – it occupies the place of the Imaginary, a space where the registers of the Symbolic and the Real are linked together. Thus, for him, the dream becomes a direct and continuous source of creation. The sort of autobiography that has gradually emerged from his correspondence, the testimonies of those who knew him, as well as the reading of his work, have made it possible to establish various psychopathological diagnoses about him that will be submitted for discussion. Lovecraft's personal journey is that of an unfortunate creator, but one whose writing nonetheless contributed to his survival. For it is also an extraordinary journey of self-therapy. Lovecraft did not achieve fame or fortune during his lifetime, but since he could not do otherwise, he wrote incessantly until his death, without really worrying about success. Writing, from childhood, represented a safeguard against the dangers of the outside world, the screen that protected him from contact with others and therefore also from reality. For Lovecraft, writing is a sinthome and he managed to build up a public, admittedly small, but intelligent and admiring, on which he relied, allowing for the gradual construction of a network of social relations, first mediated by writing and then, as time went by, more and more directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social functioning is often impaired during the ultra-high risk (UHR) phase for psychosis, but group-level studies regarding the role of social functioning in transition to psychosis are inconsistent. Exploring the inter-individual differences which underlie the association between social functioning and psychotic symptoms in this phase could yield new insights. To examine the idiographic and dynamic association between social activation and suspiciousness in individuals at UHR for psychosis using time-series analysis. Twenty individuals at UHR for psychosis completed a diary application every evening for 90 days. Two items on social activation (quantity: 'time spent alone' and quality: 'feeling supported') and two items on suspiciousness ('feeling suspicious' and 'feeling disliked') were used. Time series (T = 90) of each individual were analyzed using vector auto regression analysis (VAR), to estimate the lagged (over 1 day) effect of social activation on suspiciousness, and vice versa, as well as their contemporaneous associations. Heterogeneous person-specific associations between social activation and suspiciousness were found in terms of strength, direction and temporal aspects. The association between social activation and suspiciousness differs amongst individuals who are at UHR for psychosis. These findings underline the importance of tailoring psychosocial interventions to the individual. Future studies may examine whether using results of single-subject studies in clinical practice to personalize treatment goals leads to better treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using five independent non-clinical cross-cultural samples (total N = 3649; overall M age = 29.31; 31% male and 69% female), this study explored the extent to which Dark Triad traits were indirectly associated with symptoms of psychopathology through mental toughness. Although Machiavellianism and psychopathy have not been studied extensively in this context, previous research (both cross-sectional and longitudinal) reports that grandiose narcissism increases mental toughness contributing indirectly to positive outcomes such as lower anxiety, stress, and depression. Accordingly, this study examined Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism in the context of mental toughness and psychopathology. A particular focus was placed on investigating negative relationships between grandiose narcissism and psychopathology. Participants completed self-report measures assessing the Dark Triad, mental toughness, and psychopathology. In all samples, grandiose narcissism exerted moderate negative, indirect associations with anxiety, stress, and depression through mental toughness. Relationships between Machiavellianism and psychopathy and psychopathology were generally weak and positive but varied across countries. Findings provided further cross-cultural support for a mediation model in which grandiose narcissism is related to higher mental toughness and lower psychopathology. Outcomes from this study indicate that exploration of the link between grandiose narcissism and resilience traits such as mental toughness can provide important conceptual insights into the adaptive properties of narcissism, and help to explain why grandiose narcissism is associated with a decrease in some psychopathological symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) experience disrupted temporality on the immediate timescale. However, insufficient information is available for longer time frames, and the interaction of temporal perspectives with the clinical manifestations of SSD is unknown. We explored the association between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity. Thirty-seven Italian mental health services participating in the DiAPAson project recruited 620 patients with DSM-5 SSD (68 % males, mean age = 41.3 ± 9.5 years). Time perspective biases were measured using the Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTP-r) indicator, based on Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scores. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS). Preliminary analyses examined the associations between ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores. In secondary analyses, we first tested the associations between the ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS subscales and then compared ZTPI differences between patients with and without hallucinations, delusions, and conceptual disorganisation. Statistical significance was set at Holm-Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05. Low-to-moderate positive correlations were found between the DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores (r = 0.29/0.22). The strongest associations were between DBTP-r/ZTPI_Past-Negative and anxiety/depression (r = 0.34/0.36), followed by DBTP-r/ZTPI_Present-Fatalistic with thought disturbances (r = 0.22/0.20). DBTP-r was associated with BNSS anhedonia and avolition (r = 0.21/0.24). DBTP-r was higher in patients with hallucinations (ES = 0.391) and conceptual disorganisation (ES = 0.397) than in those without these symptoms. Unbalanced time perspective was positively associated with the severity of primary and secondary SSD features. These findings provide a rationale for empirical tests focused on balancing time perspectives in patients with SSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to early life stress (ELS) may lead to long-term health consequences. The Early Life Stress Questionnaire (ELSQ) is a retrospective measure of multiple ELS and their timing. Latent class analysis (LCA) has not been applied to the ELSQ and questions regarding timing are rarely explored. This study examined the effects of clustering and timing of ELS exposure on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Data from 1095 participants in the NIAAA Natural History Protocol were analyzed. LCA was conducted on 18 ELS items. Regression and correlational analyses examined associations of latent classes with sociodemographic variables and clinical outcomes. LCA revealed three classes: Class 1: Minimal ELS (54.2%), Class 2: Moderate ELS (33.2%), and Class 3: Multiple and High ELS (12.6%). Black/African American participants were more likely to be in Class 2, and participants with low household income were more likely to be in Classes 2 and 3. Family history of problematic alcohol use and individual alcohol use disorder diagnosis were linked to Classes with higher ELS exposure. Compared with Class 1, Class 2 reported higher anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, ADHD symptoms, and problematic drinking, and Class 3 reported the highest levels across all these outcomes. Regarding timing, earlier exposure to ELS (e.g., sustained family conflict and witnessed domestic violence) was associated with higher psychopathological symptoms. The ELSQ can effectively capture clustering and timing of exposure to multiple ELS. Greater and earlier exposure to ELS were positively associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, underscoring the need for early and well-timed intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our understanding of the impact of copy number variants (CNVs) on psychopathology and their joint influence with polygenic risk scores (PRSs) remains limited. The UK Biobank recruited 502,534 individuals ages 37 to 73 years living in the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010. After quality control, genotype data from 459,855 individuals were available for CNV calling. A total of 61 commonly studied recurrent neuropsychiatric CNVs were selected for analyses and examined individually and in aggregate (any CNV, deletion, or duplication). CNV risk scores were used to quantify intolerance of CNVs to haploinsufficiency. Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder PRSs were generated for White British individuals (N = 408,870). Mood/anxiety factor scores were generated using item-level questionnaire data (N = 501,289). CNV carriers showed higher mood/anxiety scores than noncarriers, with the largest effects seen for intolerant deletions. A total of 11 individual deletions and 8 duplications were associated with higher mood/anxiety. Carriers of the 9p24.3 (DMRT1) duplication showed lower mood/anxiety. Associations remained significant for most CNVs when excluding individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. Nominally significant CNV × PRS interactions provided preliminary evidence that associations between select individual CNVs, but not CNVs in aggregate, and mood/anxiety may be modulated by PRSs. CNVs associated with risk for psychiatric disorders showed small to large effects on dimensional mood/anxiety scores in a general population cohort, even when excluding individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. CNV × PRS interactions showed that associations between select CNVs and mood/anxiety may be modulated by PRSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both cortisol and interleukins appear at abnormal levels in schizophrenia. Our previous study has shown that cortisol and interleukins are associated with psychopathology and response to antipsychotic medications in a relatively small sample size of patients with schizophrenia. The current study was designed to investigate how cortisol, interleukins (ILs) and their interactions would correlate with clinical presentation in a relatively large sample size of patients with schizophrenia. We compared serum cortisol, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in 162 medicated schizophrenia patients (including 27 patients in remission) and 62 healthy controls. Serum levels of cortisol and interleukins were measured by radioimmunoassay and quantitative ELISA, respectively. Clinical symptoms were assessed according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher levels of cortisol and IL-2 compared to controls. Patients in remission had higher levels of IL-6 than non-remitting patients. PANSS positive symptoms, general psychopathology, cortisol and IL-2 were the most central nodes in the cortisol-IL-symptom network. The interaction between cortisol and IL-2 was associated with PANSS positive symptoms, general psychopathology and depressive factor. For patients with cortisol level above the median, IL-2 was negatively associated with PANSS positive symptoms and general psychopathology. Our results indicated that the interaction between cytokines and cortisol may be associated with the pathophysiology of some symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. In particular, the interaction between cortisol and IL-2 is associated with the clinical phenotypes of schizophrenia. • Chronic schizophrenia had significantly higher cortisol and IL-2 levels. • Cortisol and IL-2 were negatively correlated in patients with chronic schizophrenia. • Interaction between cortisol and IL-2 was associated with PANSS positive symptoms. • Interaction between cortisol and IL-2 was associated with PANSS general psychopathology. • Patients in remission had higher IL-6 levels than non-remitting patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Étudier l'impact psychopathologique de l'exposition à la violence conjugale des parents chez les enfants et les adolescents en consultation de pédopsychiatrie et les facteurs associés à la capacité de résilience face à cette violence. L'étude était transversale sur un échantillon de 30 enfants et adolescents, âgés entre 6 et 18 ans, exposés à des situations de violence conjugale et suivis au service de pédopsychiatrie de Sfax. L'étude des répercussions psychopathologiques a été réalisée à partir des entretiens pédopsychiatriques. L'évaluation de la résilience a été effectuée par la Child and Youth Resilience Measure. Les enfants et les adolescents exposés à la violence conjugale étaient atteints de troubles liés à des traumatismes et à des facteurs de stress dans 40 % des cas, de troubles de l'humeur dans 33,3 % des cas et de troubles externalisés dans 6,6 % des cas. Il a été noté que les enfants étaient plus résilients, par rapport aux adolescents, dans le domaine des soins affectifs prodigués par leurs parents (12,66 ± 2,02 vs. 9,46 ± 2,69 chez les adolescents ; p = 0,001). Par contre, les adolescents étaient significativement plus résilients que les enfants dans le domaine des facteurs contextuels englobant la spiritualité (6,46 ± 1,4 vs. 4,53 ± 1,06 ; p = 0,000), l'éducation (11,13 ± 2,13 vs. 8,4 ± 1,54 ; p = 0,000) et la culture (11,13 ± 2,13 vs. 8,4 ± 1,54 ; p = 0,000). La scolarisation de l'enfant et l'absence de trouble psychiatrique chez la mère étaient associées à une meilleure résilience chez les enfants. L'exposition de l'enfant à la violence conjugale en étant à la fois témoin et victime était associée à une moindre capacité de résilience. L'exposition à la violence conjugale a un retentissement important sur la santé mentale des enfants qui y sont exposés. L'étude de la résilience et des facteurs qui y sont associés pourrait être ainsi utile afin de limiter les répercussions délétères chez les enfants et favoriser un développement harmonieux. Conjugal violence is a social problem whose impact extends beyond the couple, to the children who are exposed. To study the psychological impact of exposure to conjugal violence in children and adolescents in child psychiatry consultation and the factors associated with their capacity for resilience. We conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample of 30 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 18 years and exposed to conjugal violence. Patients were recruited from the child psychiatry unit of the Hospital University of HediChaker of Sfax. We conducted clinical interviews to identify the psychological impact of conjugal violence on children. The resilience evaluation was done by self or hetero passation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM). Children and adolescents exposed to conjugal violence suffered from trauma-related disorders and stressors in 40% of cases, mood disorders in 33.3% of cases and externalized disorders in 6.6% of cases. We found that children were more resilient than adolescents in the area of emotional care provided by their parents (12.66 ± 2.02 vs. 9.46 ± 2.69 among adolescents; P = 0.001). In contrast, adolescents were significantly more resilient than children in the area of contextual factors including spirituality (6.46 ± 1.4 vs. 4.53 ± 1.06; P = 0.000), education (11.13 ± 2.13 vs. 8.4 ± 1.54; P = 0.000) and culture (11.13 ± 2.13 vs. 8.4 ± 1.54; P = 0.000). The child's education and good mental health for the mother were associated with better resilience in the children. The child's exposure to conjugal violence by being both a witness and a victim was associated with a reduced capacity for resilience. Exposure to conjugal violence has a significant impact on the mental health of children exposed. The study of resilience and associated factors could thus be useful in order to limit the deleterious repercussions on children and provide them with harmonious development both on the somatic and psychological levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of first episode psychosis (FEP), an episode of psychotic nature, which manifests for the first time in an individual in the longitudinal continuum of his/her illness, has been a matter of research interest in recent years, as this may give more insight to the overall phenomenology and course of psychotic illnesses. A study was undertaken to evaluate course and outcome of first episode psychosis. A total of 100 consecutive inpatients were selected for the study. Informed consent was obtained. Structured Proforma was used for recording psychosocial profiles and relevant medical history. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was given to assess the severity of psychopathology; Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) to assess the severity of psychosis; Becks Suicidal Ideation Scale (BSI) to assess the extent of suicidality and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) to assess global functioning of the individual. The assessment was done at baseline, at six months, and at one year. First episode psychosis constituted around a tenth of the caseload. It commonly affected people in the third decade of life. There was an improvement in 92% of the cases over a year of study. Schizophrenia constituted the majority of first episode psychosis. The history of smoking was relatively higher in acute and transient psychotic disorders. Age inversely correlated with the severity of psychopathology. There was no difference in improvement in psychopathology over time in patients of schizophrenia and related disorder vis--vis other psychotic disorders. Our study did not find any significantly varied sociodemographic factors in the course and outcome of the illness. It also refuted the schism between various types of psychosis based on the current classificatory system. It draws our attention toward the unitary concept of psychosis and is a call to re-think our strategies in the management of psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain network models of cognitive control are central to advancing our understanding of psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. This review examines the role of large-scale brain organization in schizophrenia, with a particular focus on a triple-network model of cognitive control and its role in aberrant salience processing. First, we provide an overview of the triple network involving the salience, frontoparietal, and default mode networks and highlight the central role of the insula-anchored salience network in the aberrant mapping of salient external and internal events in schizophrenia. We summarize the extensive evidence that has emerged from structural, neurochemical, and functional brain imaging studies for aberrancies in these networks and their dynamic temporal interactions in schizophrenia. Next, we consider the hypothesis that atypical striatal dopamine release results in misattribution of salience to irrelevant external stimuli and self-referential mental events. We propose an integrated triple-network salience-based model incorporating striatal dysfunction and sensitivity to perceptual and cognitive prediction errors in the insula node of the salience network and postulate that dysregulated dopamine modulation of salience network–centered processes contributes to the core clinical phenotype of schizophrenia. Thus, a powerful paradigm to characterize the neurobiology of schizophrenia emerges when we combine conceptual models of salience with large-scale cognitive control networks in a unified manner. We conclude by discussing potential therapeutic leads on restoring brain network dysfunction in schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion dysregulation, understood as a critical transdiagnostic factor in the etiology and maintenance of psychopathology, is among the most common reasons youth are referred for psychiatric care. The present systematic review examined 2 decades of questionnaires used to assess emotion (dys)regulation in youth. Using "emotion (dys)regulation," PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for empirical, peer-reviewed journal studies published before May 2021 in clinical and/or nonclinical youth. A total of 510 studies met selection criteria and were included. Across the literature, 115 distinct self-, parent-, or other informant–reported measures of emotion (dys)regulation were used in cross-sectional (67.1%), longitudinal (22.4%), intervention (9.0%), and mixed design (1.6%) studies. Out of 115 different questionnaires, a subset of 5 measures of emotion (dys)regulation were used in most of the literature (ie, 59.6% of studies). Moreover, reviewed studies examined emotion (dys)regulation in more than 20 distinct clinical groups, further supporting emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic construct. Numerous themes emerged. Broadly, measures differed in their ability to capture internal vs external components of emotion dysregulation, the use of adaptive vs maladaptive responses, and subjective experiences more broadly vs particular affective states. These findings serve to guide researchers and clinicians in selecting appropriate measurement tools for assessing specific domains of child and adolescent emotion dysregulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopathology has not yet been studied beyond pediatric age for all degrees of prematurity, including late-preterm, particularly in those who grew up with no apparent neurodevelopmental sequelae. This study aimed to examine psychopathological outcome following preterm birth and admission to neonatal intensive care in young adults without major neurodevelopmental and psychopathological problems that emerged during childhood. An Italian single-center prospective cohort study. Eighty-nine young adults (40 admitted to neonatal intensive care unit with less than 37 weeks of gestation and no medical history of other neurological or psychiatric conditions in childhood and 49 healthy peers born at term, matched by age, sex, and education) underwent neuropsychiatric interviews at the age of 20 ± 1 years; MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Beck Depression Inventory and Barratt Impulsive Scale, results were correlated to individual neonatal data and cognitive measures. We found a significantly higher prevalence of psychopathology at MINI score (22.5% vs. 4.2%; χ2 = 6.7; p = 0,010) and prevalence of previous stressful life events in the preterm compared to at-term group. B.D.I. (testing depression) and BIS-11(testing impulsivity) did not highlight a statistically significant difference between the groups. All patients had average I.Q., a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between groups with a better performance in controls than cases. Preterm infants attaining young adult age with otherwise typical development during childhood are at risk of psychopathology and lower resilience to stressful life events. The MINI interview could be a useful tool to highlight the psychopathology of preterm infants attaining adult age. • Young adults born late-preterm NICU admitted are at risk for psychopathology similarly to those born very preterm. • The MINI interview could be a useful tool to highlight the psychopathology of ex-preterm adults. • Mood disorders and anxiety can emerge in adults born preterm without psichopatology in childhood. • A reduced resilience to stressful life events seems to be associated with the psychopathological outcome of the preterm birth. • Early dysregulation of mechanisms that modulate emotional and social adjustment may affect mental health in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]