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Studies the adipose tissue in obese insulin-resistant dogs by researchers from France. Modulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ expression; Role of PPAR in inflammatory status; Plausibility for UCP1 to contribute to the adaptive change in energy expenditure.

Investigates the relationship between electrolyte apparent absorption and fecal quality in adult dogs differing in body size by researchers from France. Presentation of diversity on body weight and size of the domestic dog among other mammalian species; Evaluation on the potential physiological consequences in relation to the extreme variation; Indications that large-breed dogs have higher fecal water content and greater frequency of soft feces compared with small-breed dogs.

We previously demonstrated improvements of colonic lesions due to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats after 7 d of supplementation with resistant starch (RS) type 3, a substrate yielding high levels of butyrate (C(4)), a colonic cell fuel source. In the present study, we hypothesized that if inflammation is related to decreased C(4) utilization by the colonic mucosa, RS supplementation should restore C(4) use simultaneously with an increase in the amount of C(4) present in the digestive tract. Hence, we compared, in vivo, the cecocolonic uptake of C(4) and its oxidation into CO(2) and ketone bodies in control and DSS-treated rats fed a fiber-free basal diet (BD) or a RS-supplemented diet. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 60) were used. DSS treatment was performed to induce acute colitis and then to maintain chronic colitis. After cecal infusion of [1-(13)C]-C(4) (20 micro mol in 1 h), concentrations and (13)C-enrichment of C(4), ketone bodies, and CO(2) were quantified in the abdominal aorta and portal vein. Portal blood flow was recorded. During acute colitis, (13)C(4) uptake and (13)CO(2) production were lower in DSS rats than in controls. During chronic colitis, DSS rats did not differ from controls. After 7 d of chronic colitis, RS-DSS rats exhibited the same C(4) uptake as BD-DSS rats in spite of higher C(4) cecocolonic disposal. After 14 d, C(4) uptake was higher in RS-DSS than in BD-DSS rats. Thus, the increased utilization of C(4) by the mucosa is subsequent to evidence of healing and appears to be a consequence rather than a cause of this RS healing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin secretion depend on many factors, such as food composition, carbohydrate type and processing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of foods differing in composition in nonobese clinically normal dogs. These dogs were offered in a single meal one of the four foods. Blood samples were collected before feeding and during the 180 min after the meal. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined. The integrated areas under the postprandial glucose and insulin response curves were calculated. Times to response peaks, maximum plasma insulin elevation, area under the insulin response curve and the insulinemic index differed between dog foods. Crude fiber content had no significant effect. The time to glucose peak was higher and the time to insulin peak lower with the food highest in protein and ether extract content. The time to glucose peak was correlated to protein, fat and nitrogen-free extract content of foods, whereas the time to insulin peak and the area under the insulin curve were correlated to protein and nitrogen-free extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparative study on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and plasma leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in cats fed diets differing in protein and carbohydrate content. The study utilized normal-weight cats and were assessed with insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, plasma leptin and IGF-1 level. Findings show that high protein diet do not affect insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion in reaction to glucose in normal-weight cats and present lower IGF-1 level in opposition to results from previous studies. Furthermore, plasma leptin is consistent with the normal weight of the cats. However, further analysis is needed to obtain specific results on the effects of diets on metabolic equilibrium of glucose in cats.

The article presents a study that determines the effect of the two dietary supplements, hydroxycitric acid and conjugated linoleic acid, on body composition, total energy expenditure, and least observed metabolism of adult neutered cats. Normal weight cats, who were fed 50 kilocalorie of a food of metabolizable energy was used in the study. The results show that cats were nonobese and their body weight was stable. It shows that dietary supplements could be more effective in young growing cats.

Examines the effects of high protein intake in nonobese neutered cats by researchers from France. Influence of dietary composition on lean body mass in the cat models; Induction of weight loss with the administration of high-protein diets; Determination on the effect of a limited energy intake of a high-protein diet on the body composition.

Studies on the gastric emptying rate of different dog breeds by researchers from France. Relationship between gastric emptying rate and body weight in different canine body sizes; Tendency for large and giant breeds of dog to defecate more frequently with poor quality of feces when fed with an identical diet to smaller breeds; Efforts of the researchers to gain insight as to the effect of body size on fecal variables in otherwise healthy dogs.

Presents information on a study that estimated the effects of graded dietary protein levels on protein synthesis, breakdown and oxidation in dogs during the postabsorptive phase, using the C-leucine method. Methodology; Results and discussion.

Presents a study that evaluated body composition in dogs by isotopic dilution. Techniques used for evaluation of body composition; List of isotopes that are commonly used as water labels; Experimental procedures; Results and discussion.

Presents a study that assessed the influence of weight loss on body composition, energy expenditure and protein turnover rate, and compared the effects on the parameters of two diets differing mainly in protein content. Experimental procedures; Results and discussion.

Abstract: To determine whether glutamine affects glutathione (GSH, γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) metabolism, seven healthy beagle dogs received 6-h infusions of [15N]glutamate and [13C]leucine after a 3-day fast. Isotope infusions were performed during oral feeding with an elemental regimen, supplemented with either l-glutamine or an isonitrogenous amino acid mixture, on two separate days and in randomized order. Timed blood samples were obtained, and a surgical duodenal biopsy was performed after 6 h of isotope infusion. GSH fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was assessed from [15N]glutamate incorporation into blood and gut GSH, and duodenal protein synthesis from [13C]leucine incorporation into gut protein. Glutamine supplementation failed to alter erythrocyte GSH concentration (2189±86 vs. 1994±102 μmol L−1 for glutamine vs. control; ns) or FSR (64±17% vs. 74±20% day−1; ns). In the duodenum, glutamine supplementation was associated with a 92% rise in reduced/oxidized GSH ratio (P=.024) and with a 44% decline in GSH FSR (96±15% day−1 vs. 170±18% day−1; P=.005), whereas total GSH concentration remained unchanged (808±154 vs. 740±127 μmol kg−1; P=.779). We conclude that, in dogs receiving enteral nutrition after a 3-day fast: (1) glutamine availability does not affect blood GSH, and, (2) in contrast, in the duodenum, the preserved GSH pool, along with a decreased synthesis rate, suggests that glutamine may maintain GSH pool and intestinal redox status by acutely decreasing GSH utilization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]