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In pursuit of energy transition objectives, Algeria is increasingly focusing on the production and utilization of low-carbon and renewable hydrogen. While hydrogen has predominantly been used in the chemical and refining industries, it holds promise for decarbonizing specific industrial sectors, enabling electricity storage, and powering the transport sector. However, several barriers must be overcome before hydrogen technologies can be widely deployed. Numerous countries, with Japan at the forefront, are heavily investing in this burgeoning market, anticipating the creation of thousands of new jobs. Hydrogen offers Algeria significant potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and substantial economic benefits. In response, the Algerian government has prioritized energy transition to new and renewable sources as part of its economic recovery plan, aiming for "green" growth through innovative and digital energy technologies. This paper's primary objective is to provide a techno-economic foundation for guiding public policy development, identifying promising opportunities for green hydrogen within Algeria's energy transition context, and outlining sustainable pathways for pilot projects that promote hydrogen adoption within the Algerian society. Additionally, this paper will explore the latest advancements in hydrogen research, technology, and applications relevant to the Algeria's energy transition. The Algerian energy minister, has reaffirmed his desire to "invest in hydrogen", an energy source presented as one of the solutions to the climate crisis. In October 2021, Algeria launched a hydrogen plan worth several billion dinars, including 100 million for research, to enable the country to develop "green" hydrogen, i.e. produced without fossil fuels. • Algeria's energy transition mission focuses on promoting energy transition, innovation, and efficiency. • The Algerian Strategy on Green Hydrogen 2050 intends to establish a supportive framework for hydrogen sector development. • Algeria has set ambitious targets: reducing its GHG emissions by 2030 and lowering its consumption of petroleum products. • Algeria export between 30 and 40 TWh by 2040 of gaseous green hydrogen, liquefied, and derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, wind resource availability was determined by analyzing the meteorological wind energy potential at the hub height of wind turbines. The wind resource potential was identified in specific geographic locations. Technical factors, such as siting requirements and resource availability, were taken into account in the investigation. The economic potential was calculated for each area of Algeria, considering overall losses. Subsequently, the potential for reducing fossil fuel usage was determined through wind to hydrogen estimation. The main components utilized in this work were a Vestas-90 wind turbine (V90–2.0 MW) and an alkaline electrolyzer. The analysis employed a Geographical Information System (GIS) tool. The results demonstrate Algeria's significant potential for wind to hydrogen production, estimated at 1.093 Gt/year without constraints, and reduced to 1.066 Gt/year when considering constraints. The levelized cost of wind to hydrogen production in Algeria varies between 1.51 and 15.37 US $/kg, depending on the chosen wind turbine. The wind to hydrogen production potential identified has the capacity to replace the entire current fossil fuel consumption in the transportation sector, which amounts to 5.28 Mt H 2 /year. The utilization of wind to hydrogen in the transport sector results in a significant reduction of CO 2 emissions, with a calculated avoidance of 45.69 Mt compared to the use of gasoline and diesel. Hydrogen produced from wind energy resources also could be used to support other sectors, including residential, agricultural, and industry in Algeria. • GIS-Based approach is used to evaluate the potential for wind to hydrogen production in Algeria. • The total wind to hydrogen potential in Algeria, when considering constraints, is estimated at 1.066 Gt/year, covering an area of 730,719 km2. • The levelized cost of wind to hydrogen production in Algeria ranges between 1.51 and 15.37 US $/kg, depending on the selected wind turbine (V90–2.0 MW). • The CO 2 emissions avoided in the transport sector are 45.69 Mt compared if the same amount of gasoline and diesel used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We evaluated the use of real-time PCR for the identification of cutaneous Leishmania species. The assay, based on the melting curve analysis of fluorescent products, allows the discrimination of four culture adapted strains (L. infantum MHOM/TN/80/IPT1, L. major MHOM/SU/73/5-ASKH, L. donovani MHOM/IN/80/DD8 and L. tropica MHOM/SU/74/K27). One hundred and twenty-nine skin lesions, spotted on filter paper, were collected from patients consulting for suspicion of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) at the parasitology laboratory of Constantine Hospital (Algeria). Ninety-seven (75.2%) of the samples analyzed were positive. Sixty-one (5%) were related to L. major strain. These results indicate that PCR assay provides pleasant results with filter paper and represents a tool for the identification of old world CL. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper reports a study of Arabic-French language alternation in medical consultations in Algeria to reveal the ways in which code-switching is used to build and organise activities in medical interactions. Conversation analysis is applied to examine the participants' linguistic choices. Audio-recorded data was collected in two public hospitals in the Northwest of Algeria. This study suggests that there are misperceptions in the research literature about doctors' use of French as a resource to disempower patients and to limit their contribution in consultations. It refines our understanding of the nature of language alternation – code switching - in Algerian medical consultations. The results show that: 1) French is dispreferred with patients, 2) code-switching is used as a resource to organise and distinguish activities in turns and sequences, however, 3) doctors' use of French can contribute to pushing back against patients' resistance and to disaffiliate with patients' stances. • Language alternation on a moment-by-moment analysis of action in medical examinations. • Code switching is used as a resource to organise and distinguish activities in turns and sequences. • Arabic is preferred by doctors with both bilingual and monolingual patients. • Doctors' use French with patients when pushing back against patients' resistance and to disaffiliate with patients' stances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional domestic architecture in Algeria reflects ancestral know-how which could serve as a model for new architectural achievements concerned with respecting the environment. This multidisciplinary knowledge covering different contexts (architectural, physical and environmental), is available but scattered through various sources of different formats (texts, tables, illustrations, etc.). Capturing such knowledge through an efficient knowledge repository is required. Knowledge base (KB) repositories have shown many significant contributions for managing the complexity, the variety of contexts and the querying of Built Heritage (BH) data. Creating a KB is a complex process that requires identifying and extracting the relevant knowledge from raw sources of information, then structuring, cleaning and integrating the extracted information into the KB repository. The management of these issues and their inter-dependencies are not always detailed in related BH literature. We propose in this paper a complete process for creating a KB dedicated to the built heritage consisting of Algerian traditional houses. Two main contributions are emphasized in this study: (i) the construction process of the KB is detailed at each step using two main suites: the ontology suite for identifying and structuring the relevant concepts, and the data suite that allows the flow of knowledge from the sources to the KB. (ii) the semantic variety of contexts of the input sources, their linguistic complexity and their format heterogeneity is handled all along the process, and is reflected at two levels: at the schema level (ontology model), and at the data level using automatic information extraction techniques. The definition of the KB includes fine-grained provenance metadata. Different results are proposed to evaluate the content and the quality of the KB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a 2.25 kWp grid integrated with the tied solar park has been implanted in the Renewable Energy Applied Research Unit (URAER) in a dry and harsh desert region. The PV plant uses micromorph thin-film solar modules (a-Si/μc-Si) technology. The photovoltaic module systems (PVS) were evaluated from May 2015 to December 2020 (around five and a half years of operation), and the electricity was injected into the internal network of the low-voltage power supply. Performance evolution has been conducted in this work as stated by the IEC61724 guideline. The monthly and annual performance indicators analyzed and assessed consist of reference yield, array yield, final yield, system losses, capture losses, PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, capacity factor, and performance ratio. The annual electricity production is 3688.28 kWh, 3188.25 kWh, 3306.28 kWh, 3136.05 kWh, and 2952.81 kWh for 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 operating periods, respectively. The solar park's total produced energy yield over the monitored period and the quantity of CO 2 emissions avoided are 16,271.67 kWh and 14.17 tons, respectively, which can significantly contribute to and help in purifying the environment from pollution. In addition, the energy results produced by the PVS were compared to those found by the four widely used PV simulation tools (PVsys, PVGIS, NREL's PVWatts® Calculator and Solar Med-Atlas). Furthermore, this work investigates and quantifies the degradation phenomenon of solar PVS power output after five years and a half years of outdoor exposure. There is around 0.22 % degradation per year. When this rate was compared to other studies conducted worldwide, it was shown to be highly appropriate. Technical-economic research was also conducted, revealing that the system's PVS period, which establishes its sustainability, is between 9 and 12 years. The results demonstrate that micromorph thin-film modules perform better and are more efficient under harsh real-world outdoor environmental conditions. Inventux modules preserve most of their better performance even with increasing module temperature. This kind of PV module technology is low-insensitive to the highest PV module temperature. Compared to the literature, micromorph thin-film technologies are better and preferable than crystalline modules under desert environmental conditions. The results also indicate that grid-connected solar park plants using this kind of technology are feasible in the hot arid climate to produce electricity and may participate in future energy projects in the country. • This study investigates the performance of a pilot grid-tied solar power station located in the southern region of Algeria, which has been operating in the harsh desert climate. • Data recorded between May 2015 and December 2020 was used to evaluate the system's performance, and the results were compared to those obtained from four simulation tools. • The study found that the micromorph thin-film module technology from Inventux Company was the most reliable and potent option for this site, with better performance and resistance to changes in temperature. • The system's annual electricity production and CO 2 emissions were recorded for five operating periods, and degradation in solar PV power output after six years of outdoor exposure was quantified, with a degradation rate of 1.10%/year. • Technical-economic research indicated that the system had a payback period of 9-12 years, making it a feasible option. • The findings will provide useful guidelines for decision-makers, engineers, and industrial companies interested in large-scale solar photovoltaic systems in hot, harsh semi-arid climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The history North African manuscripts: library of Sheikh Lmuhub and manuscripts description. • Non destructives analysis: X-ray fluorescence, Fiber Optic reflectance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to study manuscripts. • Presence of the lead on the paper and other elements present in traces appear to be impurities. • Comparing results with several recipes and methods explaining the preparation of the medieval pigments/inks in north Africa. • Creation the data base analysis for the Algerian inks/pigments. This paper reports a comparative study on inks and pigments of nine old manuscripts belonging to the Algerian heritage. The manuscripts are held by Afniq n Ccix Lmuhib, one of the richest and best known private libraries from Kabylia region – Algeria. They date back from the 14th to the 19th century and treat disciplines ranging from astronomy to poetry. To identify the inks and pigments used by the scribes we applied several non-invasive techniques such as X-ray fluorescence, fiber optic reflectance and Raman spectroscopy. While XRF gives information about the elemental composition of pigments and inks, FORS and Raman analyses give the direct identification of the pigment. This synergy gives us a strong confidence in our identification even and allows to individuate critical cases on which deeper investigations should be done, as some results seems to contradict what is generally believed by art historians. In particular, we identified iron gall ink and ivory/bone black, while the black ink used in the Kabylia region is always reported to be made from burned sheep wool. Our work is the first case study that allows positive identification of inks and pigments used in Algerian manuscripts; interesting aspect, we could compare our findings are with manufacturing of pigments reported in a manuscript from the 17th century, held in the same library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen production from renewable energy sources appears to be an interesting solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring the energy security supply. This paper develops an integrated framework to evaluate land suitability for hydrogen production from solar energy site selection that combines multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) with geographical information systems (GIS); an application of the proposed framework for Algerian country. In GIS two types of criteria will be taken: constraints and weighting criteria. Constraints criteria will make it possible to reduce the area of study by discarding those areas that prevent the implementation of installing solar hydrogen production systems. These criteria will be obtained from the legislation (land use, water bodies, waterways, roads, railways, power lines, and also their buffer around them). Weighting criteria will be chosen according to the objective to be reached, in this case they will be the hydrogen demand, potential solar hydrogen production, digital elevation models (DEMs), slope, proximity to roads, railways, and power lines. Through the use of MCDM the criteria mentioned will be weighted in order to evaluate potential sites to locate a solar hydrogen production installation system. Analysis and calculation of the weights of these criteria will be conducted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). As a result, the final index model was grouped into four categories as "very low suitability", "low suitability", "moderate suitability" and "high suitability" with a manual interval classification method. The results indicate that 10.34% (246,272.02 km2), of the study area has very low suitability, 60.75% (1,446,907.65 km2) has low suitability, 6.68% (159,100.3 km2) has moderate suitability and 0.49% (11,669.21 km2) has high suitability for a solar-powered hydrogen production installation system. The other 21.74% (517,790.5 km2) of the study area is not suitable for such projects. The sensitivity analysis highlights that the suitable sites for solar hydrogen production installation system are dependent on the weights of the criteria that influence the decision. The MCDM methodology integrated with GIS is a powerful tool for effective evaluation of the solar-powered hydrogen production sites selection. • The paper addresses the problem of site selection for solar hydrogen projects. • Land suitability index is computed to determine the best sites. • MCDM coupled with GIS is a powerful tool for effective evaluation of the solar hydrogen production sites selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant literature has mainly considered labor, capital, and energy as production input factors but treated technology as given; however, technology plays a double role in enhancing factor productivity and carbon emission reduction, which is vital for the low-carbon energy transition. This paper uses the transcendental logarithm production model to estimate factor output and energy substitution among oil, natural gas(NG), and renewable energy(RE) in North African countries from 1990 to 2017. Authors accounted for technological progress(TP) in the estimation by incorporating dynamic technology efficiency and total patent count. The empirical results show that TP enhances the use of more capital, labor, NG, and RE to produce economic output in Tunisia due to biased TP towards abundant and affordable NG(scale and price effect) while the reverse is true for Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco resulting from biased TP towards scarcer capital accumulation(scale effect). The implication is that with improvement in obsolete capital accumulation, TP can enhance the decoupling of fossil energy from economic growth in these economies. We also found TP fosters energy substitution of NG for both oil and RE but not oil for RE except for Algeria. These results also imply TP can foster low-carbon energy transition by promoting energy substitution to cleaner alternatives, especially in Algeria, Egypt, and Morroco, while renewables should replace natural gas in Tunisia by an intentional policy. Several targeted policy measures are formulated based on these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to conduct a comparative evaluation of evapotranspiration (ET) rates in two experimental pilot-scales vertical flow subsurface constructed wetlands carried out in south east of Algeria (Touggourt), planted separately with P. australis (Ph) and T. latifolia (Ty) in two different substrate types with constant hydraulic loading rate under arid climatic conditions. An estimate of crop coefficient (Kc) for the two macrophytes based on climate conditions and the plant growth was also provided. Two kinds of vertical flow subsurface systems has been tested in the hottest period of the year 2018 over five months (April-August): first with fine gravel (G) (experiment 1), and second with sand (S) (experiment 2). During this period, the cumulative ET Ty-G , ET Ph-G and ET Np-G in the 1st experiment were 206, 276 and 125 mm, whereas in the 2nd experiment; the cumulative ET Ty-S , ET Ph-S and ET Np-S were 833, 968 and 635 mm, respectively. Comparing these results with cumulative reference evapotranspiration (ET 0), ET 0 value (426 mm) was higher than ET in the 1st experiment, and lower than in the 2nd experiment. Cumulative ET values in planted lysimeters were found to be different and higher than unplanted ones. Moreover, the highest accumulated ET value was obtained with P. australis bed which was found to have higher accumulated ET values than T. latifolia bed. Regarding the crop coefficient (Kc), the average seasonal value of Kc in the 1st experiment was relatively smaller than 2nd experiment. The Kc Ph-S value was almost three times the Kc Ph-G, and Kc Ty-S values were also almost four times the Kc Ty-G. In general, this study demonstrated that ET and Kc are dependent on climate conditions, the macrophytes growth as well as on the type of substrate in which the macrophytes are planted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel MPPT control is proposed for PV system in an imprecise environment. • Fuzzy regression model was used to extract the maximum power point of the PV module. • Fuzzy intervals are used to represent the imprecisions. • The proposed techniques are compared with conventional methods P&O and INC. • The proposed MPPT control is tested under partial shading conditions and real-world data. Several maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies have been developed to enhance PV cell design parameters to maximize efficiency. Thus far, all MPPT methods used are based on crisp values, but in reality, the data are frequently imprecise if they originate from measuring instruments such as sensors that lack accuracy. To this end, the fuzzy regression model is presented in this paper to determine the maximum power point of the PV module by considering the imprecise model parameters and the output. The model presented in this paper is developed using two methods, namely the fuzzy linear regression and the fuzzy least squares approach. Additionally, a comparison was made between the measurement (PV voltage) and its reference point (Predicted PV voltage) using the principle of α-cut, and the projection of α on the output interval of the duty cycle was processed to the DC-DC converter through PWM. The methods are evaluated using simulation by Matlab/Simulink under changing atmospheric conditions, load variation and partial shading conditions; real test measurements of one day in Bouzareah Algiers, Algeria in 2013 were used to calculate the MPPT efficiency under a real change of weather conditions. The results obtained showed that the two techniques are very similar; they are robust, have no drift, and present high accuracy in the tracking of the MPP with almost negligible oscillations and excellent efficiency compared with classic methods P&O and INC. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to an energy system with a focus on electricity sector is becoming more and more crucial to increase the life expectancy of fossil fuels, but also to meet the current commitments regarding greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents the most credible options to increase the share of renewable energy resource in the Algerian electricity power system by 2050. Screening curve method is used to assess the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of different technologies for electricity generation and EnergyPlan tool is used to estimate total annual cost, annual investment cost, renewable energy resource share and CO 2 emissions during the time horizon. The efficiency and the simplicity of multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm make it a powerful approach for solving energy strategy multi-optimization problem. Considering LCOE economic order and the availability of renewable energy resource, the energy transition strategy is established by minimizing the total annual cost and maximizing renewable energy share in 2035, 2040, 2045, and 2050 using multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm. The results revealed that achieving 75% is technically feasible but will require significant investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pistacia atlantica Desf. fruit oil may be considered as a feedstock which is low cost and does not compete with food crops for biodiesel production. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of the variation in fatty-acid composition and oil accumulation in developing P. atlantica fruits on the resulting biodiesel properties. Samples were collected from two Algerian sites, i.e. Ain oussera and Laghouat. Gas-liquid chromatography revealed that the oleic acid (51.6–55.4% of fatty acids) was the major component, followed by linoleic acid (21.9–29.4%), and palmitic acid (12.7–19.4%). The highest tocopherol isomer contents were observed in the immature stage (200–256 μg g−1 oil). The quality of the biodiesels synthesized from immature and mature P. atlantica fruit oils was tested according to the international standards. All biodiesel samples exhibited a high energy content with a higher heating value (HHV) of 40 MJ kg−1. Meanwhile, the cetane number, long chain saturation factor, degree of unsaturation, oxidative stability and density were in the ranges 53–55, 4.3–5.6, 101–113, 3.4–3.8 h, and 852–862 kg m−3, respectively. The cold flow behavior of biodiesel was assessed through the cloud point (CP) and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP). The CP value ranged from −4.5 to −2.3 °C, and CFPP from −7.1 to −4.9 °C. The above fuel properties comply with the limits imposed by the EN 14214–08, GB/T 20828–07 and ASTM D6751-2010 standards, showing a promising source for biodiesel production in Algeria. • Potential of Pistacia atlantica fruit oils as renewable energy is demonstrated. • Effects of harvest period and growing region on oil content are evaluated. • Biodiesel was produced through the esterification of fatty acids. • Biodiesel from P. atlantia fruit oil has quality equivalent to standards. • Physicochemical characterization established biodiesel's suitability for engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding photovoltaic modules degradation is one of the keys utilized to develop and design new high-performance materials. This work focuses on analyzing the bubbles formation on the front of the PV module, particularly on the fingers of the PV cells. The paper investigated several PV modules operating in Algeria under two different weather conditions (warm and dry climate, moderate and humid climate) for almost 30 years. A visual inspection was carried out on 60 modules, and the findings obtained in terms of degradation defects were discussed. During the visual inspection, the formation of bubbles was observed only in the encapsulant above the PV cells within the PV module. However, these bubbles position is consistent with other defects, such as chalking, browning, and bleaching, indicating that these bubbles are distinct from those usually observed. [Display omitted] • Visual inspection was carried on PV modules that operated for 30 years in Algeria. • Bubbles formation observed only in fingers of the PV cells. • Shape and a location rarely observed for these bubbles. • Bubbles formation, chalking and browning are linked by a single phenomenon. • Bubbles are probably the results of an electrochemical reaction involving oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable management of drinking water supply services (WSS) is essential to ensure continuous supply to all citizens. In this paper, a combined approach between the Delphi method and two Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods has been developed to assess the performance of WSS. The suggested methodology is composed of three phases divided into twenty-one steps. The first phase is the application of the Delphi method to select the evaluation criteria and the alternatives based on the responses of a group of experts. A total of 12 criteria and 6 alternatives are identified from past studies and expert opinions. The second phase is the use of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method to calculate the relative weights of the criteria. Then, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to rank the alternatives according to their performance. Finally, an application of the developed framework was established for a case study of Souk-Ahras city (Algeria). The results from FAHP indicate that the financial autonomy and the technical performance criteria are of paramount importance WSS performance evaluation with weights (19.5%) and (19%) respectively. The two alternatives (reduced water loss and water price reform) are the best solutions to have a sustainable WSS. This study presents an effective decision support tool allowing decision makers and WSS managers to better assess performance criteria and the best alternatives. • Application of a hybrid method (Delphi-FAHP-TOPSIS) for the evaluation of the performance of water supply services (WSS). • Analysis of the management of drinking water supply services in Algeria. • Financial autonomy and technical performance are the two most influential criteria on the sustainability of WSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of powering street traffic lights using stand-alone renewable systems has attracted much attention, in recent years. Classical configuration of photovoltaic (PV) cells connected to a battery bank is the most commonly employed approach in this regard. However, the low sunlight intensity in a lot of places around the globe, as well as the short-stage batteries autonomy, make this kind of systems technically less adequate. In this paper, and in order to improve the efficacy of the PV-based classical traffic lights, a hybrid system composed of a PV panel, battery, and a small PEM fuel cell is proposed. The goal is to develop a more reliable, efficient, and clean power supply that able to meet the load demands of the traffic lights during all the year. Ouargla region in Algeria (Latitude of 31°95′ N , Longitude of 5°24′ E , and Altitude of 0.141 km above Mean Sea Level) is taken as a case study to be investigated. The influence of stack temperature on PEMFC I–V characteristics are also given and analyzed, furthermore, the proposed Whale Optimization Algorithm WOA is used to solve the parameters identification problems of the PEMFC electrochemical model. Comprehensive experiment results and analyses indicate that the proposed algorithm has good performance considering a two temperature samples (26 °C and 39 °C), in such a way, the lowest Mean Absolute Error reaches 0.0589 V and 0.1044 V respectively. Finally, an optimal computer program to design the system components is established and the results show that the optimum PV area, hydrogen generator number, and battery capacity for powering regular light signals are obtained to be 0.72 m2, one electrolyser of 60 l/h, and one battery of 80 Ah, respectively. • The effect of fuel cell operating temperature on (I–V) characteristics have been investigated. • Sizing a hybrid system (photovoltaic/hydrogen) to feed a 50 W fuel cell to supply traffic light signals have been achieved. • A computer program has been created for sizing system elements to match the desired load. • One scenario configuration is proposed, which covered the right balance and no power interruption to the proposed load. • The parameters identification of the 50 W PEMFC is given at different stack temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating sector coupling technologies into Hydrogen (H 2) based hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) is becoming a promising way to create energy prosumers, despite the very little research work being done in this largely unexplored field. In this paper, a sector coupling strategy (building and transportation) is developed and applied to a grid-connected PV/battery/H 2 HRES, to maximise self-sufficiency for a University campus and to produce power and H 2 for driving electric tram in Ouargla, Algeria. A multi-objective size optimization problem is solved as a single objective problem using the ε -constraint method, in which the cost of energy (COE) is defined as the main objective function to be minimized, while both loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and non-renewable usage (NRU) are defined as constraints. Particle swarm optimization and HOMER software are then employed for simulation and optimization purposes. Prior to the two scenarios investigated, a sensitivity study is performed to determine the effects of H 2 demand by tram and NRU on the techno-economic feasibility of the proposed system, followed by a new reliability factor introduced in the optimization, namely loss of H 2 supply probability (LHSP). The results of the first scenario show that by setting NRUmax = 100%, the system without H 2 provides the best solution with COE of 0.016 $/kWh that reaches grid parity and has 13% NRU. However, by setting NRUmax = 1% in the second scenario, an optimized configuration consisting of grid/PV/Electrolyzer/Fuel cell/Storage tank is obtained, which has 0% NRU and COE of 0.1 $/kWh. In the second scenario, it is also observed that an increased number of trams (i.e. increased H 2 demands) causes a significant reduction in LHSP, COE, NRU and CO 2 emissions. It is thus concluded that the grid/PV combination is the optimal choice for the studied system when considering economic aspects. However, taking into account the growing requirements of future energy systems, grid-connected PV with H 2 will be the best solution. [Display omitted] • Multi-objective optimization of a grid-connected PV-hydrogen system. • A flexible building-transportation sector coupling strategy is implemented. • A techno-economic feasibility analysis with a sensitivity study is performed. • Educational buildings in the south of Algeria have a big potential to be Prosumers. • Sector coupling is a key strategy for the sustainable hydrogen economy in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical parasitic vector-borne disease that has emerged or re-emerged in recent years and is a major health problem. Algeria is a country where leishmaniasis reaches high levels of endemicity. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to collect, compile and summarise data on the prevalence of animal leishmaniasis in Algeria. Data were collected from 2004 to 2022 during which a number of 12 papers were published from dogs, cats, hedgehogs, and jackals. A total of 4812 dogs, 388 stray cats, 24 hedgehogs and 2 Jackals were included in this analysis. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was performed using serological or molecular tests. The overall prevalence in dogs was 21.2 % (95 %CI, 15.7–26.9 %), and in stray cats, hedgehogs and Jackal was, respectively, 25.3 % (95 %CI, 17–36.6 %), 20.8 % (95 %CI, 8.8–40.9 %) and 50 %. This study is a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of canine leishmaniasis in Algeria and will therefore be a useful tool for researchers. Further studies are needed for a better and continuous assessment of the occurrence of this zoonosis. It can also be used to propose or improve appropriate national surveillance programs for these diseases. • Leishmaniasis is a major health problem in Algeria, where the disease is endemic. • The prevalence of Leishmania -infection in animal species in Algeria was reviewed in this study according to the PRISMA guideline. • A total of 12 papers were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis study including a number of 4812 dogs, 388 stray cats, 2 Jackals and 24 hedgehogs. • The overall prevalence rate in dogs, stray cats, hedgehogs and Jackal was, respectively, 21.2 %, 25.3 %, 20.8 % and 50 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an application of deep learning for fault detection in PV systems located in Algiers –Algeria which has a nominal power of 9.54 kW. Each PV array comprises 30 PV modules each string contains 15 PV modules in series. Fault detection and diagnosis of Photovoltaic Systems (PVS) is an important task for successful solar power generation. Several faults have been occurred such as short-circuit cases and open-circuit string cases in PV generator can leads to fire and risk. The design of efficient defect detection methods for PV systems presents a challenge especially for small scale PV farms. Faults detection methods are failed under the presence of noisy signals. This paper presents a deep learning (DL) based method for detection, diagnosis and classification of the aforementioned defects. The proposed procedure consists of four fundamental steps, first a heuristic optimization approach based on Coyote Optimization Algorithm (COA) the five-unknown electrical parameters of the One Diode Model (ODM) and their insertion into a PSIM-based simulation that aims to mimic the operating PV system. Second, database construction that includes current, voltage and power at the Maximum Power Point (MPP), module temperature and solar irradiance for the PV system is supposed under healthy and faulty operations condition at optimal operational conditions. Then, this is followed by the extraction of new features of the old database using unsupervised learning characteristics of the Auto-Encoder (AE). and last, supervised learning using the new database based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) construction for PV fault detection and classification. The proposed technique has been validated using monitored data from a real operating PV system situated in Algeria. The obtained results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed technique detection and classification of various PV fault types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the potential of renewable energies in existing and new urban areas can reduce the fossil energy consumption of cities and the corresponding greenhouse emissions. In this paper, four different urban forms in the city of Constantine, a cold semi-arid city in Algeria, are analysed. Using the Citysim model, calibrated against local electricity and gas demand, and weather data taken from Meteonorm7.0, for both present and future climates, the study shows a significant difference between the energy demands of the urban forms due to their typo-morphological indicators. It is also shown that a small area of photovoltaics on rooftops can supply building demand, highlighting the favorable solar potential for the location. Future climate projections, for 2050, within the lifetime of many buildings, are expected to lead to higher energy demand, particularly in the summer. The increase in photovoltaic capacity to address that higher demand will open the opportunity to replace a significant fraction of gas usage with solar-powered heat pumps in the heating season. [Display omitted] • Modelling energy demand in buildings shows indoor temperature range depends on wealth. • 20 m2 of PV per building would satisfy electricity demand in the present climate. • Impact of urban form on energy demand will accentuate in future climate. • PV could trigger the replacement of gas with electricity to satisfy heating needs in the heating season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hot desert climate affect negatively the performance of c-Si PV panel. • Main degradation mechanism of c-Si PV panel is the encapsulant discoloration. • Increasing of series resistance have mainly contributed to the early degradation. • Performance analysis identifies desert stress factors experienced on c-Si PV panel. Overall objective is a review on main degradation mechanisms and failure modes of silicon solar cells in hot desert climates. Previous study findings were carried out at research unit of renewable energy in Saharan middle, Algeria, are discussed to follow the present study. Most of these studies are focused mainly on I-V curves, field measurements or categorizing photovoltaic failure modes concerning polymeric materials. As a result, a great overview of climate and encapsulant polymer induced PV degradation mechanisms is given. The paper reported the change in electrical performance of silicon solar cells such as output power drop, Pm, increase in cell's series resistance, Rs and decrease in cell's shunt resistance, Rsh. Main degradation mechanisms in photovoltaic modules in hot desert climates are the physical change of the encapsulant material, highlighting by discoloration and the increase in cell's series resistance Rs. Optimal performance and efficiecy of these silicon solar cells are influenced negatively by the harsh environmental conditions of Algerian desert. In present study, a lot of effort was put into finding the publications and appropriate data that can be beneficial in further studies on challenges associated with operating photovoltaic panels in hot desert climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new study has been carried out to analyze the behavior of four different Photovoltaic (PV) module technologies such as the Mono-crystalline silicon, the Multi-crystalline silicon, the amorphous silicon and the Telluride Cadmium as sub-systems from which a 400kWp pilot plant have been constructed at Ghardaia (The northern-central Sahara desert of Algeria). In this work, the results obtained from experimental data acquisition over a period of one year have been analyzed and discussed in terms of plant power production. In addition to that, performance indicators comprising the reference yield, the final yield, the performance ratio, the capacity factor and a newly suggested factor called the power ratio have been used to assess the sub-systems energetic performances. The performances of the studied sub-systems have been compared, then, to those of other systems located in countries regarded as having similar radiometric and climatic conditions. An additional study have been conducted to evaluate the effect of such important climatic and operating parameters as wind speed, ambient temperature, solar irradiance and module temperature on the energetic performances of the studied sub-systems. The experimental results obtained from monitoring of the studied sub-systems indicate that the plant performs best when it is operated under irradiance comprised between 5.56 kWh/m2 and 7.04 kWh/m2 and ambient temperature between 2 °C and 45 °C. Based on energy production and thermal stability results, the present study has allowed the identification of the most efficient and the best suitable of the aforementioned PV technologies for such arid-regions conditions. • Experimental study of the performance of multi-technology PV plant. • Analysis of c-Si, mc-Si, a-Si and Cd–Te PV technologies in the arid region. • Performance analysis with Power Ratio and performance indicators (PR, Yf and CF). • Analysis of the impact of temperature and wind speed on the PV energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper deals with an highly topical issue of major importance which is the forecasting of solar radiation. • The forecasting of the solar radiation is important for managers of electrical power produced from a photovoltaic system. • We propose a new approach to forecast solar radiation combining NWP and radiative transfer models. • The results show that the proposed approach improves the forecasting of the solar radiation. Solar energy is playing an increasingly important role in the production of electricity through photovoltaic and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems. This type of energy requires an efficient storage system that will allow its use when the sunset or during cloudy weather. Hence, 0-48 hours forecast lead time is crucial for electrical network managers to anticipate energy deficits during periods of cloud occurrence. This study presents a new approach to forecast solar irradiances using a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model outputs, coupled with a Radiative Transfer operator, namely libRadtran. The NWP model used in this study is the WRF-Solar configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), designed for solar energy in order to forecast solar irradiances. The other parameters forecasted by WRF like the vertical profiles of cloud liquid water (CLW), cloud ice water (IWC), clouds fraction, relative humidity, and temperature will be used as input for libRadtran to compute off-line the solar irradiances. Both forecasted irradiances were first compared with the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version-2 (MERRA-2) data, then validated a second time by ground measurements for three locations in Algeria for the years 2016 and 2017. The results clearly show that the solar irradiances forecasted directly by WRF-Solar underestimate the MERRA-2 data for high solar zenith angles. With regard to the proposed approach, there is an improvement in the forecast of the solar irradiances during clear sky days and the rRMSE of the calculated Global Tilted Irradiance (GTI) reaches 12% in winter and increases to 22% in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TRNSYS-FLUENT coupling method for sunspot simulation. • Sunspot impact on cooling floor conditions for different localization and solar heat flux. • Dynamic thermal behavior of indoor air regarding to the sunspot displacement. The dynamic thermal simulation of buildings is a real challenge, in terms of regulations and labelling but also of decisions (implementation, materials choice, architectural design, rehabilitation ...). Today, we lack reference models of the dynamic thermal behaviour of the cooling floor under solar radiation effect. In fact, the simulation models developed in literature are represented in a very simplified method and cannot be used for a detailed analysis of thermal comfort. The present study aims to reduce the knowledge gap and resolve the limitations such as (i) studying the effect of sunspot for a real weather conditions, (ii) visualize the dynamic thermal behaviour of indoor air and surface cooling floor relative to the sunspot shifting and (iii) predict different sunspot shape as a function of geographic location. A 3D model is presented in this paper to evaluate the sunspot impact on cooling floor coupled to underground tank under climatic conditions in Algeria. The sunspot is calculated using a coupled TRNSYS-FLUENT dynamic simulation. Simulations are run for different periods and weather conditions. The results have shown that the developed model can provide a real simulation of thermal performance of the cooling floor taking into account the sunspot shifting. The incident solar heat flux on cooling floor reaches a maximum of 300 W/m2 for Bechar city and 120 W/m2 for Oran city. A wide surface temperature ranges of 13 °C between the umbrageous and illuminated areas. For Oran weather conditions, the indoor air temperature in the umbrageous area is around 24 °C, while that of the illuminated area is 28 °C which can cause a temperature heterogeneity in the room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Algeria prides itself on a huge solar energy radiation potential, such important applications as solar water heating have not yet been sufficiently developed in the country. The present paper deals, in fact, with the analysis of the Algerian case by the examination of the available data and the discussion of the main reasons that have led to the insufficient development of the field in the country. An examination of the installed solar water heater surfaces around the whole country proved that there was not a significant development of this application. This is mainly due to the availability of natural gas at low price and the expensiveness of solar water heaters which were imported from Europe and neighboring countries. In order to increase citizens’ interest in this application, it is essential to launch a local production of this device by making good use of the existing industrial capacities based on a subcontracting production mode. The paper presents, also, a concrete project dealing with the development of a solar water prototype intended for local industrial reproduction. It was made thanks to narrow partnerships held with local industrial actors. This practical experience allowed us to provide evidence that local production of this equipment if associated with the existing incentives would certainly induce a rapid growth and development of this important application in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Performance of PCM building models in ten cities of Algeria was evaluated. • Optimization is based on hypothetical h-T curves derived from a validated model. • The HVAC system operate according to Fanger's PMV model. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) in the building envelope has emerged as an attractive passive design strategy that can be used to improve the energy performance of buildings. This paper discusses the effect of using PCMs on the thermal performance of shaded and unshaded lightweight structures in different Algerian climatic zones. A simulation-based optimization was carried out by coupling EnergyPlus and GenOpt tool, to determine the optimum melting temperature of PCM when integrated into the building envelope. Results show that the shaded building with PCM is a preferred design model in majority of Algerian climates when it is free floating. The annual percentage of thermal comfort ranges between 44.13% and 59.11% in cities where the PCMs showed positive potential. Furthermore, the optimization results show that the PCMs achieved a modest cooling energy saving for mechanically-ventilated buildings in summer, especially in hot-dry climate with optimal melting points equal to or close to 28 °C. The control of solar heat gain by using shading devices is critical to enhance the thermal performance in summer. In winter, the PCMs achieved a noticeable reduction in the heating energy requirements where it reached a maximum of 63.23% in the city of Tamanrasset. The shading device is not recommended during the winter because it hinders the use of solar radiation for passive heating. During this season, the optimal melting points of PCMs are generally bounded between 18.50 °C and 21.25 °C. When considering both periods, the most advantageous design varies from climatic zone to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the informal expansion of Constantine from the perspective of land as a property asset and a regulation target and what it involves in terms of stakeholders' interplays. The study was conducted on the southeastern expansion by drawing a parallel between land use regulation and the actual land use on large private landholdings. A qualitative survey was conducted to investigate the informal production and use of urban land through semi-structured interviews with relevant public and private stakeholders. The study shows that informal land use lies in the conflict between urban planners and landowners over the conversion and allocation of large private landholdings and the financial stakes it involves. Land transactions are engaged in the informal market when land use regulation does not converge with the owner's logic of land value maximization. The informal land market allows the latter to circumvent land use regulation and to capture land added value on hypothetical uses, whether by informally converting agricultural lands or allocating urban ones. As to the resulting informal land use, it is not limited to housing issues but also meets the needs of private actors for tertiary real estate. It is also pointed out that land use policy and regulations failure in countering the phenomenon lies in ignoring the informal land market upstream of informal land use and urbanization. Finally, the study suggests that a preventive approach should address the conflict over land use with land management oriented towards local approach and consensus seeking with the private stakeholders. In this sense, we propose a tool to assess the likelihood of the emergence of informal land market as a decision aid for urban planners and policymakers in terms of land use. • The driving force behind informal land use lies in the conflict between urban planners and landowners. • The conflict occurs when regulations hinder the most profitable use of land for landowners. • This conflict manifests itself in the informal land market, which is the initial stage of informal urbanization. • A tool for assessing the emergence of informal land markets is proposed as preventive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climatological and geological site classification intended for Earth-Air Heat Exchanger Technology (EAHE) is an important factor in the design, implementation and optimal operation of such system. In this context, this paper presents an investigation on the heating performance and operating feasibility of two EAHEs in three different geo-climatic regions in Algeria. First, the performances of the EAHEs were experimentally studied in the temperate Oran climate and the corresponding results were used for validation of the numerical part. The experiment allowed to analyze the effect of the pipe material on the performance of the two EAHEs that are made of different materials (PVC and Zinc). After validation of the numerical part, the study was extended to three different climates including a temperate climate for Oran, an arid climate for Bechar and a steppe climate for El-Bayadh cities. For these climates, the heating study is rarely considered in this context. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the operating feasibility of the EAHEs in the considered regions. The results revealed that the Zinc EAHE is more efficient in a temperate climate with a COP of 9.5 than in an arid or steppe climate with a COP of 8.2 or 8.1, respectively. However, the PVC EAHE is much better in an arid climate with a COP of 9.4 than in a temperate or steppe climate with a COP of 7.6 or 8.4, respectively. Otherwise, both EAHEs exhibited similar behavior in a steppe climate. The results show that the thermal performance of EAHE mainly depends on geo-climatic conditions and the type of pipe material. • Heating performance of two EAHEs of different pipe materials (PVC and Zinc) in three geo-climatic regions in Algeria. • Experimental and numerical analysis of the effect of pipe material on EAHE performance. • A sensitivity analysis for evaluating feasibility of EAHEs in the considered climatic regions. • Heating performance of the EAHE system depends on geo-climatic conditions and material type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with statistical classification of the Algerian meteorites, based on the Metbull database, as well as their distribution in space and time. The Algerian-recognized meteorites number 1,230, six of which are observed falls. All types and classes are represented, ranging from ordinary chondrites to rare achondrites. Among the most scientifically significant meteorite types, are the carbonaceous chondrites, in particular: (a) Acfer 059 that yields an age of 4,564.7 ± 0.6 Ma; (b) Acfer 086 which is a 'CV3' type that contains the molecule hemolithin which is similar to terrestrial proteins; (c) Acfer 094 (found in 1990), which is a C2-ungrouped type that is considered as the oldest known meteorite containing pre-solar grains; and (d) NWA 2,364 which is also a 'CV3' type meteorite that yields an age of 4,568.2 Ma, and contains predominantly of CAIs (calcium-aluminum inclusions). Other undifferentiated achondrites of a primitive type and the asteroidal HED meteorites have also been identified. Among the iron meteorites, two specimens (Zeghamra and Tamentit) display a mass of several hundreds of kilograms. Erg Chech "EC002" is considered as the oldest of the solar system with an age of 5,668 Ma. The SNC-type Martian meteorites comprise ten recognized specimens, whilst the lunar meteorites, such as the Issaouane-n-Irrarrene 001 , are the latest to be found. Using all recognized Algerian meteorites, a distribution map is established based on the Metbull database. Chronological evolution of both the number of finds in the Acfer stranding field, and the number of finds in Algeria since 1864, is discussed. In addition to meteorites, Algeria hosts four hypervelocity impact structures, namely: Amguid, Talemzane-Maadna, Ouarkziz, and Tin Bider. • A detailed classification of Algerian meteorites is given. • Spatial distribution maps of meteorite falls and finds are established. • Statistical representation and relative frequencies of various meteorites type are elaborated. • Time evolution curves of all meteorites as well as particular stranding fields are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation characteristics are a crucial requirement for reservoir modeling and they need to be constantly updated as new static and/or dynamic reservoir-property details become available. This improves reservoir interpretation while achieving a good history-matching for a better representation of the reservoir. This paper proposes a new method to estimate reservoir permeability in an oil-producing reservoir by applying two distinct cases: partially cored and completely non-cored wellbores. The approach involves the determination of hydraulic-flow units (HFU) using a flow-zone indicator (FZI) distribution to consider the dynamic aspect of the permeability, which strongly influences fluid flow through porous media. The FZI is clustered by normal probability analysis to identify the optimum number of HFU clusters. The estimated reservoir permeability is validated in static and dynamic reservoir models. For an accurate prediction of the FZI over the entire reservoir thickness, an adaptive-neuro-fuzzy-inference system (ANFIS) is developed using conventional well-log variables: (i) gamma-ray (GR), (ii) sonic (DT), (iii) density (RHOB), (iv) deep resistivity (DLL), and (iv) neutron porosity (NPHI) calibrated with the available core data. The static regression parameters root-mean-squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R2), and R2adjusted are used to evaluate the performance of the ANFIS model in predicting FZI to determine HFU for estimating reservoir permeability. To validate this approach, a matching quality check of the downhole and reservoir pressure is carried out using a dynamic reservoir simulation model. Historical data collected from wellbore OPW-1 drilled in the Sif Fatima oilfield (Algeria) are used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed permeability-prediction framework. The ANFIS model can accurately and efficiently predict the FZI exhibiting R2, R2adjusted, RMSE, and MAE of approximately (≈0.981, ≈0.979, ≈0.014, ≈4,600E-08)), (≈0.933, ≈0.891, ≈0.032, ≈1.615E-03), and (≈0.970, ≈0.968, ≈0.018, ≈2.381E-04)) for the training, testing and complete dataset, respectively. When applied to predict reservoir permeability, the Hydraulic Flow Unit concept was able to generate accurate results from the predicted FZI data by applying the modified Kozeny-Carman equation with, R2, RMSE and MAE values of approximately ≈0.9702, ≈0.969, ≈9.604, and ≈4.398, respectively. The calculated permeability was validated successfully at well and field levels. Additionally, it generated more accurate history matches of the well and the reservoir pressure trends than the previous permeability model, and consequently improved the reservoir modelling workflow. • Reservoir permeability predictions are derived from limited wireline log and core data. • ANFIS model can reliably predict HFU from FZI data for non-cored wellbore sections. • Reservoir history matching validates permeability predictions at wellbore and field levels. • The reservoir's geological static model successfully verified in dynamic simulation mode. • The developed model accurately predicts reservoir permeability in non-cored sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental performance analysis based on results attained from monitoring a 9.5 kWp photovoltaic grid-connected for 3 years; from 2016 to 2018. This system is composed of three 3.2 kWp sub-systems installed on the flat roof of the Renewable Energy Development Institute (CDER) in Algeria. This plant covers electricity needs required by the lab and feeds the excess into the low voltage supply grid. This study assesses the monthly average and annual performance normalized parameters of the PV system by analyzing and evaluating reference yield, array yield, final yield, system losses, array losses, PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, and performance ratio of the whole system as well as the three sub-systems by following the IEC 61724 guideline. Results show that the annual average, reference yield, array yield, and final yield, are 4.67, 3.50, 3.37 h/day respectively. While the array and system losses are 1.16 and 0.13 kWh/kWp/day respectively. Moreover, the PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency are 8.62%, 8.29%, and 96% respectively. These results show that the system is below acceptable performance ratio rates and thus an inspection of the system must be conducted in order to diagnose the reasons behind the system's low productivity. Our study has found that the main attributes contributing to decreased PV outputs are near shading and type of used inverter (i.e.: Transformerless Inverter). However, the system's performance is still considered satisfactory given it has been functioning for more than 14 years while achieving a performance ratio equivalent to 70%, concluding that the PV grid-connected investment is very promising in this site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rock shelter of Oued Bousmane, located in the eastern Algerian highlands, presents a stratigraphic sequence of the Middle Stone Age. The site, which was discovered in 2006, produced a significant number of lithic artefacts that are primarily made of local flint. The aim of the paper is to present the results of a techno-economic study of the Mode 3 lithic industry. The analysis focused on the procurement of raw materials, the technology, and the cultural attribution of the assemblages. The analysis revealed a preferential management of raw material and several reduction methods including Levallois, discoid, and laminar. The typological composition clearly distinguished it from the classical Aterian as defined at Oued Djebbana. This finding reinforced the idea of inter-site variability in the Middle Stone Age industries of Eastern Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Space-based study of the F2-ionospheric anomalies before the 2008 M5.5 Oran quake. • Exclude ionospheric anomalies caused by external sources (space weather conditions). • Upper atmosphere modeling allowed us to detect Preseismic ionospheric abnormalities. The ionospheric anomalies observed before any notable earthquake have become the subject of predictive research in the field of seismo-ionospheric coupling and/or Solid Earth-Atmosphere. In this paper, the concept of ionospheric modeling has been applied using total electronic content (TEC); derived from dual-frequency GPS recordings from about sixty permanent geodetic stations. The study and the analysis of the anomalous TEC variations, quantifiable on a regional scale, allowed us to detect the principal precursors of the M w 5.5 earthquake that hit Oran on June 06th, 2008. The envisaged analytical approach is based principally on the time delays estimation relating to the seismic responses from the triggering (lithospheric seismic source) until their recording in data Rinex (GPS_IGS stations) through the reflection system of the electromagnetic waves on the ionospheric level (F2-layer). Indeed, in term of location, the longitude-latitude coordinates of the Oran event epicenter (0.658°W, 35.883°N) affecting the coastal margin of Western Algeria without too much material damage. Although the magnitude of this earthquake is qualified moderate (M w 5.5, seismic intensity scale V-VI), one can observe apparent disturbances in the terrestrial electromagnetic spectrum associated with ionospheric TEC variations. In the domain of geodetic data analysis, we have noted a significant increase in the ionospheric TEC, which announces the arrival of a seismic precursor several days before the main studied event. Against this background, we emphasize that any seismic event, of significant magnitude, often carries information associated with other variants involved in the package of earthquake studied. Among these variants we evoke the effect of the magnetic field and the effect of the surrounding environment, etc. As for the specific behavior of the GPS_TEC signal, obtained from the Rinex data, and its interaction with the associated seismic activity, we highlight the existence of a spectral conformity between the geomagnetic field and that of the TEC content (spontaneous polarization of the TEC). Finally, we have just confirmed the effectiveness of this forecasting approach which relates the seismo-ionospheric precursors that are embedded in the physical trace of the electromagnetic signal relative to significant and/or moderate earthquakes (M ≥ 5); such as the envisaged case of the 2008 Oran event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate estimation of in-situ stresses is of great importance in the oil and gas industry from the exploration to the field development and production phases. The collected logs and mini-frac data in the last 15 years in the Hassi Messaoud Field (HMD), Algeria, shows that the reported state of stresses in this field is not consistent. This called for further studies to estimate more accurately the state of stresses, which more specifically will be used for the design of hydraulic fracturing at a later stage. This paper presents the results of the Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) constructed for the HMD field in Algeria. The results of the MEM, which is continuous logs of formations' elastic and strength properties, as well as the state of the in-situ stresses will be the direct input to the hydraulic fracture (HF) design. Hydraulic fracturing is the prime technique used in the field in order to enhance recovery from this tight sandstone reservoir. MEM is built beyond the conventional correlation with both a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), which serves as a simplified "ground truth" and three Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) layers: the first one is training mechanical properties from lab data, the second one trains shear and compressional sonic waves from acquired log data and the last one uses mini-frac data to calculate and train stress regimes from a poro-elastic model. The model is calibrated with the observed breakouts and fracturing data and a close agreement is observed. The work presented in this paper elaborates a detailed roadmap to accurately approximate and synthesize missing data using ANN's and extend it across the rest of the field to build, a 3D MEM. It is hoped that the results of this study can improve the HF operations in the field, which is currently reported to be not efficient. • The work presented elaborates a roadmap to approximate and synthesize missing data using ANN's and extend it to build, a MEaM. • 440 Diagnostic Fracture Integrity Test are mined, mapped and used to fine-tune the horizontal stresses estimation. • Map of the closure pressure distribution in HMD field is presented, and the wide range observed is carefully addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper introduces a new multilayer perceptron (MLP) and support vector machine (SVM) based approach to improve daily rainfall estimation from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) data. In this study, the precipitation is first detected and classified into convective and stratiform rain by two MLP models, and then four multi-class SVM algorithms were used for daily rainfall estimation. Relevant spectral and textural input features of the developed algorithms were derived from the spectral MSG SEVIRI radiometer channels. The models were trained using radar rainfall data set colected over north Algeria. Validation of the proposed daily rainfall estimation technique was performed by rain gauge network data set recorded over north Algeria. Thus, several statistical scores were calculated, such as correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE), mean error (Bias), and mean absolute error (MAE). The findings given by: (r = 0.97, bias = 0.31 mm, RMSE = 2.20 mm and MAE = 1.07 mm), showed a quite satisfactory relationship between the estimation and the respective observed daily precipitation. Moreover, the comparison of the results with those of two advanced techniques based on random forests (RF) and weighted 'k' nearest neighbor (WkNN) showed higher accuracy obtained by the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an efficient approach based on Virus colony search (VCS) algorithm to optimize the sizing and placement of stand-alone hybrid power system including photovoltaic solar panels (PV) and battery bank in system which employ diesel generators (DGs) as pilot source of electrical energy formatting hybrid system. The optimization is carried out to incessantly satisfy the load demand. Two objectives have been defined: the reduction of the equalized cost system (economic objective) and equalized CO 2 equivalent life cycle emissions (environmental objective). In the optimization problem, the dependability index of not supplied energy (NSE) is also considered to have a reliable system. The VCS algorithm is an effective and powerful approach that has fast convergence and high precision. This algorithm simulates diffusion and infection strategies for the host cells adopted by virus to survive and propagate in the cell environment. With the policies, the individual in the new algorithm explores and exploits the search space more professionally. This study is applied to Fort-Lotfi City: Tindouf (South of Algeria) that still needs access to National grid electricity due to economic and geography matters. The results prove the advantages of hybrid power systems in isolated locations ranging from being cost effective and reducing the accumulated emissions. The proposed algorithm is compared with PSO and MPSO algorithms which confirm its best performance and effectiveness. • Diesel power plant investigation situated in south Algeria. • VCS is used for optimal sizing of a PV/Diesel/battery hybrid system. • The PV-diesel-battery system is more suitable for isolated area. • The optimized hybrid system DG + PV + BAT has lower cost ECS (€) and ECO 2 emissions than diesel only system. • The VCS algorithm has the best performance in comparison with other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental study on small-scale for solar hydrogen production system via a Proton Exchange Membrane electrolysis under a desert climatic condition in Ouargla region (South-East of Algeria) has been carried out, the target of this study has been first to evaluate hydrogen production by water analysis and to store the solar energy which has had the form of a hydride-metal hydrogen, after that, to investigate the performance of sophisticated commercial electrolyser (HG-60)powered by photovoltaic panels via the Power Management Unit (PMU) as a power conditioner, this paper has also a mathematical models based on real-time experiments were used to simulate both the photovoltaic system and PEM electrolyser work, along with attempting to direct linking strategy with the same experimental components of photovoltaic panels and commercial electrolyser, it was found through this study, the addition of the number of commercial electrolyser with the bank of four HG-60 stacks in series. More effective considering the improving voltage matching, with power transfer efficiency reach to 99%, also another factor is the photovoltaic panels slope on panel output power and hydrogen productivity are theoretically examined, where the proper selection of optimal tilt angle has an importance for collecting the maximum hydrogen amount, eventually, over the experiment span, the real-amount of hydrogen vented over experiment course is around 92.54l. • Experiments were used to modelling the solar hydrogen production system components. • The performance of PEM electrolyser powered by PV system was investigated. • A direct and indirect coupling PV/HG-60 water electrolyser system is investigated. • Hourly hydrogen production simulations for various panels slope levels are presented. • Panels slope angles effect on the PV/HG-60 performance is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potatoes are a very high demand product in the consumer market and are widely available everywhere in Algeria. With the extensive levels of solar energy across the country, solar drying becomes a natural avenue for the production of solar dried potatoes as a new prospective commercial product. This paper is a study of the drying process of potatoes using an indirect and a mixed solar dryer with forced convection and a comparison of their respective performances. Experimental results indicated that the mixed solar dryer had the slowest drying rate compared to the indirect solar dryer with drying times of 4 h 45min and 3 h 40min respectively, even though the temperature at the tray level in the mixed solar dryer was higher than that of the indirect solar dryer. Fourier series and Laplace transforms were used to solve the diffusivity equation. Seven theoretical models were investigated and their relative accuracy validated against experimental data. Two new dimensionless models were found to best fit the drying curve of potato slices using the two dryers. The proposed models were found to be more accurate for charactering the drying process of Sultana grapes, chili peppers, bananas, mangoes and cassava, according to models reported in the literature under different operating conditions using various solar dryer designs. • This study used an indirect solar dryer and mixed solar dryer to dry potato slices. • Mixed solar dryer has a better thermal efficiency, and the lowest drying time. • Fourier series and Laplace transforms were used to solve the diffusivity equation. • The new models perfectly describe the solar drying behavior of different products. • The new universal models are independent of dryers design and operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to support the growth of grid-tied photovoltaic power plant implementation in the Saharan environment. A detailed assessment analysis of 28 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system installed on the rooftop of Research Unit for Renewable Energies in Saharan region (URER/MS), located in southern Algeria (Adrar), has been carried out and presented in this paper. The monitoring data of the PV system over 12 months (March 2017 to February 2018), are used to evaluate both energy efficiency and the output power losses. The collected experimental data reveal that the environmental parameters variation has a direct effect on the performance of both the energy conversion efficiency and the system losses. From the monitoring data and the performance assessment, it was found that the highest final yield is 5.3 h/day while the irradiation and the ambient temperature are 518 W/m2 and 37.9 C° respectively. The annual production injected to the grid is 45.12 MWh, with 2.4 MWh energy losses are attributed to the grid voltage rise, 1.57 MWh energy is lost due to the array and thermal capture losses and system losses. The yield values of maximum/minimum monthly average reference and array yield values were; 6.7/5.4 h/day and 5.5/3.2 h/day respectively. The annual average PV module, inverter and system efficiencies reached; 11.37%, 96.46% and 10.99%, respectively. Some parameters of measured data; are used to calculate the harvested energy and performance ratio, and then compared with other PV systems installation located in different geographical regions worldwide. Finally, we have studied the impact of the grid voltage rise on the grid-connected photovoltaic system performance on both energetic and economical levels. • The assessment of 28 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system installed in the desertic weather condition in Sahara of Algeria. • The most appropriate and relevant performance indices were used to analyze the PV system performances. • The system disconnection losses have an important influence on the PV systems performance. • Performance analysis exhibit high losses in PV system due to environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the assessment of the renewable hydrogen production potential in Algeria. The studied system produces hydrogen by electrolysis of water; electricity is supplied by a photovoltaic generator. Adequate mathematical models were used to calculate the electrolytic hydrogen production. Detailed hourly simulations were used to assess the potential for the entire country and to draw it maps. Throughout this study, the influence of the tilt angle of a photovoltaic generator has been investigated. It has been observed that the tilt angle has an impact on solar energy received by the photovoltaic generator, the produced solar electrical power and the rate of hydrogen production. We have calculated the optimal angles to maximize each element. We were particularly interested in the optimal angle to maximize hydrogen production. We found that the solar hydrogen potential for Algeria varies from 0.10 Nm3/m2/d to 0.14 Nm3/m2/d. This potential is quite significant, especially in the arid region of southeastern Algeria. The lowest potential is located in the northeast region. For stand-alone systems, it is important to assess the minimum available level, as their sizing takes into account the most unfavorable case. This level is between 0.07 Nm3/m2/d and 0.13 Nm3/m2/d. This shows that, even for a stand-alone system, the potential is quite high. Finally, we provide robust correlations that allow calculating the potential and the angle of inclination maximizing it for the whole of Algeria. • The influence of the photovoltaic generator (PVG) on the hydrogen production by alkaline electrolyzer has been described. • The performances of the PVG and electrolyzer for different inclination angles have been investigated. • Maps of hydrogen produced by electrolysis in Algeria has been plotted. • Maps of optimum tilt angle maximizing hydrogen production has been plotted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Simple method to detect and diagnose faults and partial shading is proposed. • Proposed method is based on the analysis of three predefined indicators. • This approach is validated experimentally and shown accurate results. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are continuously exposed to many potential faults, causing significant power generation losses. Accurate fault detection procedures are crucial to ensure the reliable operating condition. This paper presents simple, efficient and easy to implement approach to detect the most common failures, due to short-circuit (SC) and open-circuit (OC) faults, inverter disconnection (ID) and partial shading (PS). The proposed procedure introduces three indicators namely, current indicator α , voltage indicator β and power indicator γ with the main function to distinguish healthy and faulty operating conditions. To this end, single-diode model is adopted to generate a trusted PV model in combination with the best-so-far artificial bees colony (ABC) optimization algorithm in order to extract the unknown model parameters. Subsequently, the maximum power point (MPP) coordinates are estimated to mimic the real operating PV system. Measured and predicted MPP coordinates allow the calculation of current, voltage and power indicators. For each indicator, an upper and lower thresholds has been established by trial and error. The computed value of each indicator will reveal the healthy or faulty operation of the PV system when it is within or outside the predefined threshold respectively. An experimental evaluation is presented by using the monitored data of the 3.2 kW p grid-connected PV system located at the roof of the Renewable Energy Development Centre (CDER), Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on year-long ethnographic fieldwork, this paper examines how global discourses of English as the "international language" are read, reproduced and appropriated in non-Anglophone postcolonial settings, taking Algeria as a case study. English is heralded as the "language of the future", equated with "moving on" from the colonial past towards new connections, new horizons, and new articulations of a global-national identity. It is both a movement forward, and an attempt at reaching back to a more "authentic" (non-Francophone) past. However, those narratives are also firmly embedded within existing power hierarchies and prevailing language ideologies. Discourses and practices around English reinforce rather than challenge socio-economic stratification by rewarding elite mobilities and reproducing representations of how language indexes authenticity and belonging. • Global discourses about English are appropriated to symbolise spatial, social and temporal mobility. • They become tool and symbol of new categories articulating transnational belonging. • They are used to re-imagine an authentic past leading to a more authentic future. • They contribute to the reproduction rather than questioning of socioeconomic hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Accurate predictions of the solar resource are essential tools for the design, performance analysis, and economic evaluation of various solar energy projects. This paper is proposed in an attempt to overcome the lack of solar radiation data and predicting models in Algeria. New and readjusted models have been developed to estimate the daily and monthly mean daily global solar irradiations over Algerian Big South, based on measured ground data of air temperature and sunshine hours, as well as the day/month number. After a careful evaluation of the models' performances using the standard K-fold cross-validation method, it was found that only the sunshine-based models can offer excellent estimations in the daily time scale, with validation RMSEs in the range of 1.470–2.425 MJ/m2 day. Meanwhile, all types of models have superior estimations of the monthly mean global irradiation (RRMSE less than 10% in most cases). The merits of using the K-fold cross-validation method in optimizing the error estimates, stabilizing the performances, as well as selecting the appropriate models, have been demonstrated. Graphical abstract Image 10221 Highlights • 60 models are tested for predicting global irradiation in Algerian Big South. • Long-term daily measurements are used for developing and validating the models. • K-fold cross-validation method is used for optimizing the error estimates. • Sunshine-based models are significantly superior in the daily time scale. • K-fold method reduces the RMSE's standard deviation by more than 99%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding suitable forecasting methods for an effective management of energy resources is of paramount importance for improving the efficiency in energy consumption and decreasing its impact on the environment. Natural gas is one of the main sources of electrical energy in Algeria and worldwide. To address this demand, this paper introduces a novel hybrid forecasting approach that resolves the two-stage method's deficiency, by designing a Multi Layered Perceptron (MLP) neural network as a nonlinear forecasting monitor. This model estimates the next day gas consumption profile and selects one of several local models to perform the forecast. The study focuses firstly on an analysis and clustering of natural gas daily consumption profiles, and secondly on building a comprehensive Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent models according to load behavior. The results are compared with four benchmark approaches: the MLP neural network approach, LSTM, seasonal time series with exogenous variables models and multiple linear regression models. Compared with these alternative approaches and their high dependence on historical loads, the proposed approach presents a new efficient functionality. It estimates the next day consumption profile, which leads to a significant improvement of the forecasting accuracy, especially for days with exceptional customers consumption behavior change. • An adaptive hybrid architecture is proposed for natural gas load forecasting. • A study and analysis of the Algerian natural gas daily consumption profiles. • LSTM models is proposed that can predict efficiently the natural gas consumption. • A MLP forecasting monitoring approach is proposed for the next day load profile. • Comparisons with benchmark global approaches to validate the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • In HVDC transmission field, the choice between metallic and earth return path is significant from economic points of view. However, the information about this choice is limited in literature. • The proposed method is generalised and allows making the choice for any case. Moreover, to have a general vision around the world, it gives the Break-Even Distance to pass from metallic to earth return according to metallic return, earth return and energy costs. • Regarding the calculation of energy losses in earth return paths, the contribution of the linear part of resistance, at the inter-electrode distance, on the total earth resistance present no more than 0.2% per 1000 km, so it is considered negligible. • For a given case, the choice depends on the energy source (Conventional or Photovoltaic) and on the mono-polar operation duration. The profitability of earth return is proportional to the energy cost and the mono-polar operation duration. • From the case study, the obtained curves of Break-Even Distances can be considered as an order of magnitude for general use. Abstract The present paper exposes a methodology for cost comparison of metallic and earth return paths for HVDC transmission systems. The authors suggest a method based on an algorithm that can be used for any case of study. Two conceptions are taken into account by the algorithm: a bipolar circuit operating as mono-polar for emergency conditions and a circuit operating as mono-polar for normal conditions. The present method uses the approach of Similarity for cost estimation and allows providing the best option for current return. Similarly, it allows giving the break-even distance to switch from metallic to earth return path. This depends on energy cost and the two return path options costs. In order to calculate the energy loss in the earth return; contribution of the linear resistance, at the inter-electrode part, on the total earth resistance has been evaluated in view of large distances in the transmission field. This evaluation was performed (based on electrode dimensions and resistivity values) using COMSOL Multiphysics software. As a case study, an HVDC link carrying 1GW of Photovoltaic Power from the Algerian Sahara to Europe has been proposed. The link is evaluated considering various HVDC circuit designs and operation modes; namely an overhead line for the terrestrial part from the south to north of Algeria and a submarine cable across the Mediterranean Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries with high energy demand but limited renewable energy potential are planning to meet part of their future energy needs by importing green hydrogen. For potential exporting countries, in addition to sufficient renewable resources, industrial preconditions are also relevant for the successful implementation of green hydrogen production value chains. A list of 36 "Green H2 Products" needed for stand-alone hydrogen production plants was defined and their economic complexity was analyzed using international trade data from 1995 to 2019. These products were found to be comparatively complex to produce and represent an opportunity for countries to enter new areas of the product space through green diversification. Large differences were revealed between countries in terms of industrial preconditions and their evolution over time. A detailed analysis of nine MENA countries showed that Turkey and Tunisia already possess industrial know-how in various green hydrogen technology components and perform only slightly worse than potential European competitors, while Algeria, Libya, and Saudi Arabia score the lowest in terms of calculated hydrogen-related green complexity. These findings are supported by statistical tests showing that countries with a higher share of natural resources rents in their gross domestic product score significantly lower on economic and green complexity. The results thus provide new perspectives for assessing the capabilities of potential hydrogen-producing countries, which may prove useful for policymakers and investors. Simultaneously, this paper contributes to the theory of economic complexity by applying its methods to a new subset of products, and using a dataset with long-term coverage. • HS code list of 36 technology components for off-grid green H2 production. • Identified components and related goods are comparatively complex to produce. • China achieved a globally unique increase in relevant exports from 1995 to 2019. • In the MENA region, Tunisia and Turkey score the highest on H2-related green complexity. • Fossil fuel exporters have below-average industrial economic and green complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Selection of the main steam turbine operating parameter for sensors. • Construction of fault trees for the turbine operating parameters. • Learning an artificial neural network (ANN) using the turbine operating parameters. • Testing the ability of the ANN to detect the causes of the failure using various scenarios. The Cap-Djinet thermal power plant is a 1872-megawatt (MW) gas power plant located in Djinet in Algeria. The steam turbine is an important strategic machine in this plant. A malfunction of the turbine can generate a high maintenance and production cost due to the classical diagnosis method based on conditional maintenance. The important amount of information given by the different sensors keeps the diagnosis operation more difficult; it takes more time to be effective, resulting in an additional cost for failures. The present paper emphasises a new professional approach capable of diagnosing the different failures in real time. This approach is based on the combination of the Fault Tree (FT) method and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. Only six failure modes have been considered in this study. Each theme has been represented by an integrated turbine sensor. The FT is used to model all the probable causes of the different failure modes. On the other hand, ANN is used to accelerate the diagnosis procedure by learning all the possible combinations of failures given by FT analysis. The ANN was tested using different failure scenarios. The learning and testing results were successfully completed and the proposed ANN was able to detect the failures. This proposed method can help the maintenance agent to find fastly, in real-time, the probable failure of the steam turbine. The precision and accuracy of this method have been validated using a one-hundred simulation test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The fracture porosity is estimated especially through the log data (density, neutron porosity and transit time) and the characteristics of the mud (fluid density, transit time of the saturating fluid). If one of these parameters is lacking, the estimation of the natural fracture porosity using log data becomes impossible. The problem found in the study area of the Hassi Messaoud oil field is that the transit time is missing in many wells, which makes the calculations of the natural fracture porosity difficult. A methodology is proposed in this paper to estimate this parameter by means of fuzzy ranking and artificial neural network (ANN) using four conventional log data (deep resistivity, density, neutron porosity and gamma ray) from well#1 and well#2 in Hassi Messaoud oil field. Fuzzy ranking is used to rank the log data input with the degree of influence at the desired output of the ANN, the results obtained confirm that all data used by ANN are important and we cannot neglect any one. The structure of the ANN was trained using the back-propagation algorithm, the training was retained when the number of epochs is equal to 1000 and the mean squared error is equal to 0.001. The correlation coefficient (R 2) between the natural fracture porosity obtained from ANN and log data is equal to 0.878. The methodology presented in this paper can serve for the prediction of natural fracture porosity from well log data when the transit time or the characteristics of the mud are unknown in the oil wells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper highlights the results of a technological analysis carried out for the first time on nine lithic assemblages belonging to three Iberomaurusian sites in Algeria (Tamar Hat rockshelter, Rassel cave and Columnata open-air site). The purpose of this paper is to identify the technical system adopted for the production of lithic artifacts in each of the studied assemblages in order to search for similarities and discrepancies in the technical behaviours between coastal and inland Iberomaurusian populations. This requires recognition of the reduction core strategies and transformation of the produced blanks, as well as research into debitage methods and techniques employed. In all three sites, local raw materials were preferred and the lithic production was primarily geared towards obtaining relatively standardized lamellar blanks with different debitage schemes. In lower occupations at Tamar Hat, the bladelets were mainly produced by implementing a single and complex chaîne opératoire of lamellar production which integrated variable blanks according to numerous and different schemes. The dominant scheme was an elaborate debitage oriented to the production of short and narrow bladelet blanks from reduced prismatic and sub-pyramidal cores, while by-products were exploited as bladelet cores to produce micro-bladelets and burin spalls. A change in the core reduction strategies appeared in the upper occupations of Tamar Hat where elongated bladelets were produced according to a common simple debitage widespread in the latest occupations. The implementation of a single chaîne opératoire is preserved in the lower layer of Rassel, although with a less elaborate roughing out processing, as for the upper occupations of Tamar Hat. In contrast, at Columnata three independent chaînes opératoires were implemented to produce robust blanks, which represents a stark contrast with previous methods known in the other sites. The technological analysis has provided strong arguments for a different know-how in technical behaviours between Iberomaurusian populations living in coastal rockshelters and those in hinterlands open-air sites. Thus, the different geographical areas seem to cover variable economic entities which would suggest a new adaptation of the same populations to different ecological niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Algeria as the Mediterranean countries is facing various challenges. Among them, the increasing of the population and their activities in the coastal zone, which impacts heavily the coastal and marine environment. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) has been seen as an appropriate approach to tackle this situation. Algeria has set up numerous initiatives to strengthen its coastal governance, such as the Coastal Area Management Plan (CAMP) in the Algiers Coastal zone (ACZ) situated in the central part of Algeria. Also, various legal and institutional reinforcement have been done, like the enactment of a coastal law and the creation of agencies dedicated to coastal management. Even if assessment is seen as primordial in this process, yet few evaluations have been done in Algeria and particularly on the ACZ. This research paper aims is to assess the ICZM process in Algeria. A survey has been done with the various stakeholders involved in Coastal management at the different level of governance; national, regional and local in the ACZ. The objective was to assess the institutional capacities to implement the fundaments of ICZM. 7 parameters have been assessed: Data, interesectoriality, participation, legal framework, Capacity building, awareness and financial resources. A score for each parameter was set by the interviewees. Results shows that even some basements framework are now implemented, Algeria has still a long way to fully implement ICZM approach. Mainly regarding data management and the implementation of coastal monitoring systems, enhancing the coordination and participation of stakeholders, particularly the local communities and NGO's. The legal framework even it strengthening, a lot of efforts are still to be done for it real enforcement. The awareness and capacity building are still insufficient. Finally, sustainable funding for ICZM projects must be ensured. Highlights • The Algerian Coast is facing many environmental challenges. • Integrated Coastal Zone management (ICZM) has been seen as an appropriate approach to tackle these challenges. • ICZM process in the Algiers Coast has been assessed through the institutional capacities to implement ICZM principals. • Even though considerable efforts have been made, Algeria has still a long way to go to implement fully ICZM approach. • Focusing on Institutional capacities permits to highlight the critical aspect of governance to a better implementation ICZM process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]