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1. Case report: Catheter related blood stream infection caused by Candida vulturna

Author

Anusia Muthusamy, Mohan Rao, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, and Rukumani Devi Velayuthan

Subjects
Candida vulturna, Fungemia, Catheter-related blood stream infection, Candida haemulonii species complex, Prolonged antibiotic therapy, Candida spp., Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Candida vulturna is a newly emerging candida species belong to Candida haemulonii species complex of Metschnikowiaceae family. Numerous clinical samples have been reported to isolate C. vulturna since discovery. We report a case of catheter related blood stream infection in which C. vulturna was isolated from blood in patient after prolong antibiotic therapy for recurrent infection of retroperitoneal cyst. The blood isolate was identified to species level by molecular assay targeting D1/D2 regions of 26s rDNA gene. The patient improved with administration of intravenous micafungin despite lack of antifungal susceptibility breakpoints.

Published
2022
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2. Dynamic reliability analysis framework using fault tree and dynamic Bayesian network: A case study of NPP

Author

Mohan Rao Mamdikar, Vinay Kumar, and Pooja Singh

Subjects
Fault tree, Dynamic bayesian network, Nuclear power plant, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

The Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) is a critical and essential part of the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). Due to past catastrophic disasters, critical systems of NPP like EDG are designed to meet high dependability requirements. Therefore, we propose a framework for the dynamic reliability assessment using the Fault Tree and the Dynamic Bayesian Network. In this framework, the information of the component's failure probability is updated based on observed data. The framework is powerful to perform qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the system. The validity of the framework is done by applying it on several NPP systems.

Published
2022
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3. Anterior-Posterior versus anterior-lateral electrodes position for electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Author

Mennaallah Eid, Deaa Abu Jazar, Ankit Medhekar, Wissam Khalife, Awad Javaid, Chowdhury Ahsan, Nehad Shabarek, Marwan Saad, Mohan Rao, Kenneth Ong, Hani Jneid, and Ayman Elbadawi

Subjects
Cardioversion, Atrial fibrillation, Electrode position, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The optimal electrodes position for elective direct current (DC) cardioversion of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains uncertain. Methods: An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and COCHRANE databases was performed through March 2022 for randomized trials that examined the outcomes of anterior-posterior (AP) versus anterior-lateral (AL) electrodes position during cardioversion of (AF). The main outcome was the success rate of cardioversion. Data were pooled using random effects model. Results: The final analysis included 10 RCTs with a total of 1677 patients. There was no difference in the rate of successful cardioversion between the AP versus AL groups (86.6 vs 87.9 %; RR 1.00; 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06). Subgroup analysis by the shock waveform showed no significant interaction between monophasic and biphasic waveforms (Pintercation = 0.23). meta-regression analyses showed no effect modification of primary outcome according to body mass index (p = 0.15), left atrial diameter (p = 0.64), valvular heart disease (p = 0.34), lone AF (p = 0.58), or the duration of AF (p = 0.70). There was no significant difference between the AP and AL electrode position groups in successful cardioversion at low energy (RR 0.94; 95 % CI 0.74 to 1.19), the number of the delivered shocks (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.03; 95 % CI −0.32 to 0.26) or the mean energy of the delivered shocks (SMD −0.11 and 95 % CI −0.30 to 0.07). There was lower transthoracic impedance with AP versus AL electrode position (SMD −0.28; 95 %CI −0.47 to −0.10). Conclusion: Meta-analysis of randomized data showed no difference between AP and AL electrode positions in the success rate of DC cardioversion of AF. Either AP or AL electrode positions should be acceptable approaches for elective DC cardioversion of patients with AF.

Published
2022
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4. Permanent pacemaker implantation without fluoroscopy in a pregnant woman with complete atrioventricular block: A case report

Author

Ayman Elbadawi, Zainab Arif, Dmitry Chuprun, and Mohan Rao

Subjects
Permanent pacemaker, Electro-anatomical mapping, Pregnancy, Complete heart block, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

A 26-year-old pregnant woman in her first trimester presented with progressive fatigue. Her Electrocardiogram showed second degree heart block (Mobitz type II) with intermittent complete heart block. We decided to proceed with dual-chamber permanent pacemaker implantation using CARTO mapping system to avoid fluoroscopy exposure. A mapping catheter was inserted through the right femoral vein. An electro-anatomical map of cardiac chambers was created using the mapping catheter. Through left axillary vein access, the two pacemaker leads were successfully positioned guided by the electro-anatomical map. No complications were noted post procedure. Pacemaker was functioning appropriately at follow-up visits.

Published
2016
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5. List of Contributors

Author

Alancherry, Surjith, primary, Al-Jumaili, Ahmed, additional, Anand, Venu, additional, Balakrishna, Syam, additional, Bazaka, Kateryna, additional, Cvelbar, Uroš, additional, Cvrček, Ladislav, additional, Filipič, Gregor, additional, Gorjanc, Marija, additional, Gowravaram, Mohan Rao, additional, Grant, Daniel, additional, Grohens, Yves, additional, Horáková, Marta, additional, Izdebska-Podsiadły, Joanna, additional, Jacob, Mohan V., additional, Jagannathan, Saravanakumar, additional, James, Jemy, additional, Joseph, Blessy, additional, Joshy, K.S., additional, Jothi, Lavanya, additional, Joy, Jomon, additional, Kalarikkal, Nandakumar, additional, Kulkarni, Shrikaant, additional, Kumar, Avishek, additional, López-García, Jorge, additional, Mozetič, Miran, additional, Nageswaran, Gomathi, additional, Nancy, Parvathy, additional, Pious, C.V., additional, Praveen, K. M, additional, Primc, Gregor, additional, Puliyalil, Harinarayanan, additional, Shaji, Ashin, additional, Snigdha, S., additional, Špatenka, Petr, additional, Thomas, Rajesh, additional, Thomas, Sabu, additional, Thulasi Raman, K.H., additional, Vacková, Taťana, additional, Vesel, Alenka, additional, Vignaud, Guillaume, additional, and Zaplotnik, Rok, additional

Published
2019
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8. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Smart City Planning

Author

Vedik Basetti, Chandan Kumar Shiva, Mohan Rao Ungarala, Shriram S. Rangarajan, Vedik Basetti, Chandan Kumar Shiva, Mohan Rao Ungarala, and Shriram S. Rangarajan

Subjects
City planning--Data processing, Artificial intelligence, Smart cities--Data processing
Abstract

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Smart City Planning shows the reader practical applications of AIML techniques and describes recent advancements in this area in various sectors. Owing to the multidisciplinary nature, this book primarily focuses on the concepts of AIML and its methodologies such as evolutionary techniques, neural networks, machine learning, deep learning, block chain technology, big data analytics, and image processing in the context of smart cities. The text also discusses possible solutions to different challenges posed by smart cities by presenting cutting edge AIML techniques using different methodologies, as well as future directions for those same techniques. - Reviews the smart city concept and teaches how it can contribute to achieving urban development priorities - Explains soft computing techniques for smart city applications - Describes how to model problems for effective analysis, intelligent decision making, and optimal operation and control in the smart city paradigm - Teaches how to carry out independent projects using soft computing techniques in a vast range of areas in diverse fields like engineering, management, and sciences

Published
2023

9. List of contributors

Author

A.V. Aditya, Shashi Bhushan Arya, Anirban Basumataray, Divya Bijukumar, Kai-Yuan Cheng, G.S Pradeep Kumar, Ali Ghanbarzadeh, Ashirbad Jana, Fredy James Joseph, Subramani Kanagaraj, Ashish Kasar, R. Keshavamurthy, Mathew Mathew, Michael McNallan, Pradeep L. Menezes, A. Neville, Rahul Ramachandran, C.S. Ramesh, A.V. Mohan Rao, Manel Rodríguez Ripoll, Maria Runa, R. Salloom, S. Senthilvelan, Arpith Siddaiah, Vijay Tambrallimath, Hector Torres, and M. Venkatesh

Published
2021
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10. Tribocorrosion mechanisms in sliding contacts

Author

A.V. Aditya, Riyadh Salloom, A.V. Mohan Rao, and M. Venkatesh

Subjects
Materials science, Material Degradation, Tribocorrosion, Galvanic cell, Mechanical engineering, Strain hardening exponent, Corrosion
Abstract

There has been tremendous interest in recent years to understand and quantify tribocorrosion mechanisms operative at sliding interfaces. While a plethora of information is available on individual corrosion and wear behavior of engineering materials, it falls short of offering an accurate representation of the materials’ response when corrosion and wear act simultaneously. The complexity of understanding tribocorrosion mechanisms in sliding contacts is compounded by in situ materials’ response—such as formation of active galvanic sites due to wear, phase changes, and strain hardening. This study compiles recent reports on the tribocorrosion behavior of various engineering alloys under corrosive media and provides a comprehensive understanding of all possible scenarios of material degradation possible. It is hoped that this chapter will be equally useful to readers new to the science of tribocorrosion and as a quick reference guide for practicing professionals.

Published
2021
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28. Preface

Author

Jagan Mohan Rao, L., primary and Ramalakshmi, K., additional

Published
2011
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30. Plasma Nitriding of 90CrMoV8 Tool Steel for the Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance

Author

K. Ram Mohan Rao, Kalimi Trinadh, A.S. Khanna, Karanveer S. Aneja, Corinne Nouveau, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Laboratoire Bourguignon des Matériaux et Procédés (LABOMAP), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), and Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, corrosion, low alloy steel, potentiodynamic polarization, Metallurgy, Potentiodynamic polarization, 02 engineering and technology, Plasma, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 01 natural sciences, nitriding, Corrosion, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Tool steel, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), Nitriding, Solid solution
Abstract

International audience; In the present studies, efforts were made to improve corrosion resistance of 90CrMoV8 tool steel by following plasma nitriding. Plasma nitriding of this steel at 500 oC for6and 8 h significantly improved the corrosion resistance when compared to the as-received steel. X-ray diffraction reveals γ′ (Fe, Cr)4 N) and ε ((Fe, Cr) 2–3 N) phases formed after nitriding. Potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3.5% NaCl reveal that plasma nitriding significantly improved the corrosion resistance as compared to untreated steel. The improvement in corrosion resistance may be attributed to the N solid solution and the presence of Fe-nitrides formed in the compound layer

Published
2020
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31. Plasma-Induced Polymeric Coatings

Author

Venu Anand, K.H. Thulasi Raman, Rajesh Thomas, and Mohan Rao Gowravaram

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Optical coating, Nanocomposite, Materials science, chemistry, Polymerization, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Polymer, Surface engineering, Composite material, Thin film, Plasma polymerization
Abstract

The formation of thin film coatings of polymers in glow discharge systems was recognized as early as the 19th century. However, they were considered as by-products of electrical discharges and hence little attention was paid. Only the period after 1950s saw their renaissance, as practical ways to make special coatings on metals. Since then, much research has been done in plasma induced polymers and interesting, as well as, industry relevant applications have been identified for polymers deposited using plasmas because of their flawless thin film structure, excellent adhesion to the substrate, chemical inertness and low dielectric constant. In this chapter the significance of Plasma Induced polymer coatings is presented with more emphasis on the process aspects, general methods of characterization of these polymers and application of such polymers in super hard coatings. In the first part, a clear distinction has been made between Plasma Polymerized and Plasma Induced Polymerized coatings based on the mechanism of the process. The processing parameters that greatly influence the properties of such coatings are considered. A definition for the rate of deposition based on these process parameters has been established. This section ends with the most commonly used monomer materials in plasma induced polymerization systems. Special case studies on Atmospheric pressure plasma Vs Low pressure plasma treatment of polymer surface and on the plasma treatment of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces for bio applications are considered. Inorganic hard coatings are widely used in many industries and these are basically transition metal nitrides and carbides and their combination. Hardness of these compounds ranges form 20–40 GPa. The hardness and stiffness (elastic modulus) are completely governed by the nature of bonding, distance between the two atoms and etc., Hardness of the super hard coatings is above 40 GPa, and this hardness is achieved using nano size and composite effects methods and these coatings are widely used surface engineering industries. Polymer based coatings are also gaining momentum to replace some of the inorganic hard coatings. At present polymer coatings are having lower hardness compare with inorganic coatings and the hardness range of 1–3 GPa. The reason for lower hardness in the polymer coatings is predominant contribution from sp2 hybridization. To enhance the polymer coating hardness, the polymer should be rich in sp3 hybridization and incorporation of foreign materials into the polymer matrix which is having higher degree of covalent and ionic nature. Plasma enhanced metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) and physical or chemical sputtering of solid metal target along with the plasma polymerization are the two strategies of obtaining the nano particle or nanocomposites embedded polymer films. These polymers can be utilized for many applications such as optical coatings, protective films, biomedical materials etc. Details of plasma techniques used to produce nano composites especially using microwave and RF plasmas are discussed here. We review the mechanical properties of existing polymer coatings and the science behind higher hardness and stiffness of different polymer coating materials and mechanical methods of polymer and failure methods polymer coatings will be discussed. It is interesting to see increase in hardness of monolithic polymer coating by incorporating new materials and enhancing the polymer network stiffness. The probable process methods to incorporate the foreign materials and network stiffening methods using plasma process will be discussed.

Published
2019
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32. Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Low Alloy Steel for the Enhancement of Hardness

Author

Kalimi Trinadh, Corinne Nouveau, K. Ram Mohan Rao, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Laboratoire Bourguignon des Matériaux et Procédés (LABOMAP), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)

Subjects
Materials science, case depth, Alloy steel, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, engineering.material, low temperature, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Surface layer, plasma, 010302 applied physics, low alloy steel, Metallurgy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, nitriding, hardness, X-ray diffraction, 13. Climate action, engineering, Surface modification, 0210 nano-technology, Nitriding
Abstract

International audience; The present concerns surface modification of low alloy CrMoV steel by following the route of plasma nitriding for the improvement of hardness. Plasma nitriding was performed at a low temperature of 450 oC. The maximum hardness at this lower temperature was found to be ∼1270 Hv after nitriding. At 550 oC though the hardness improvement near the surface region was similar but the core hardness was reduced. XRD studies revealed various nitrides of iron (γ′ (Fe4N) and ε (Fe2–3N)) with the ε nitride as the dominant phase. SEM analyses revealed the surface microstructure with almost no white layer. EDS point analyses shown the signature of N on the surface layer. It has been concluded in this study that the hardness of 90CrMoV8 steel can be improved significantly even at a low temperature of 450 oC without any of risk of the loss of core hardness.

Published
2019
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33. List of Contributors

Author

Surjith Alancherry, Ahmed Al-Jumaili, Venu Anand, Syam Balakrishna, Kateryna Bazaka, Uroš Cvelbar, Ladislav Cvrček, Gregor Filipič, Marija Gorjanc, Mohan Rao Gowravaram, Daniel Grant, Yves Grohens, Marta Horáková, Joanna Izdebska-Podsiadły, Mohan V. Jacob, Saravanakumar Jagannathan, Jemy James, Blessy Joseph, K.S. Joshy, Lavanya Jothi, Jomon Joy, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Shrikaant Kulkarni, Avishek Kumar, Jorge López-García, Miran Mozetič, Gomathi Nageswaran, Parvathy Nancy, C.V. Pious, K. M Praveen, Gregor Primc, Harinarayanan Puliyalil, Ashin Shaji, S. Snigdha, Petr Špatenka, Rajesh Thomas, Sabu Thomas, K.H. Thulasi Raman, Taťana Vacková, Alenka Vesel, Guillaume Vignaud, and Rok Zaplotnik

Published
2019
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34. Glow discharge plasma nitriding of low alloy steel

Author

Corinne Nouveau, K. Ram Mohan Rao, Kalimi Trinadh, GITAM Institute of Science - Department of Chemistry, Laboratoire Bourguignon des Matériaux et Procédés (LABOMAP), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Diffraction, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Diffusion, low alloy steel, Alloy steel, Metallurgy, Extrapolation, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Plasma, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], plasma nitriding, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Nitriding
Abstract

International audience; Present study concerns with the effect of plasma nitriding on hardness of low alloy steel. Plasma nitriding had been performed at elevated temperature of 500 C which improved the hardness to 1200 Hv. The case depth was found to be 80 mm. With the variation of time the case depth also varied. The plot of the square of the case depth vs. nitriding time and the corresponding line drawn by a linear regression and extrapolation passes almost through the origin. From the plot the nitrogen diffusion co-efficient calculated to be 2.23 10 13 m2/s. The structural and morphological studies have been made by following the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and EDS analyses. XRD revealed the presence of a-Fe, c0 and ephases.

Published
2019
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35. 3-Hydroxy-propionic Acid

Author

Shadab Ahmed, Vinod Kumar Yata, and Jagan Mohan Rao Tingirikari

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Biomass, Polymer, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, Petrochemical, chemistry, Glycerol, medicine, Organic chemistry, 1,3-Propanediol, Biocomposite, Escherichia coli, Organic acid
Abstract

3-Hydroxy-propionate (3-HP) as a bio-based platform chemical has generated a growing interest, largely due to its applications in the synthesis of novel petrochemical-based polymer materials, surgical biocomposite materials, and as a drug release material. 3-HP, a nonchiral organic acid, is ranked third among the top 12 platform chemicals derived from biomass. Many chemical processes have been suggested, but none are commercially feasible at present due to the high cost of the starting materials and process and/or the environmental incompatibility. 3-HP is formed as an oxidation product of 3-Hydroxypicolinic acid; however, its accumulation as a product of glycerol metabolism had not been reported until recently. The biological production of 3-HP using recombinant strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the presence of glucose or glycerol as potential substrates has also generated interest. The present chapter describes the importance and microbial production of 3-HP, potential feedstocks, and commercial applications.

Published
2016
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36. List of Contributors

Author

Kjersti Aaby, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Alfredo Aires, Christine Alewell, Domingos P.F. Almeida, Sergio Almonacid, Muhammad H. Al-u’datt, José María Fuentes Alventosa, Rita C. Alves, Edna Regina Amante, Ana L. Amaro, Carmen Ancín-Azpilicueta, Seval Andiç, Monica Anese, Metin Atamer, Milica Atanacković, Vibe Bach, K. Balaswamy, Gustavo Barbosa-Cánovas, Leonard N. Bell, Nacer Bellaloui, M. Benlloch-Tinoco, Daniela Bermúdez-Aguirre, Chiranjib Bhattacharjee, Mandana Bimakr, Gry Aletta Bjørlykke, Raffaella Boggia, Jessie Bong, Gökhan Boran, Dimitrios Boskou, Aldo Bottino, Joyce Irene Boye, Susan Brewer, Leon Brimer, Nigel Brunton, Karolina Brkić Bubola, Sandy Van Buggenhout, Britt Burton-Freeman, Joselyn Bustamante, Gustavo R. Bustillo Armendáriz, Mónica Calderón-Santiago, Ángel Calín-Sánchez, M.M. Camacho, Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina, Clarita Olvera Carranza, J. Carranza-Concha, Susana Casal, Anoma Chandrasekara, Yudou Cheng, Hao Cheng, Morten Rahr Clausen, Antonio Comite, Anna Concollato, Julia P. Coppin, Ma Luisa Fernández-de Córdova, Rebeca Cruz, Raimondo Cubadda, Sara Cunha, Jelena Cvejić, Malgorzata R. Cyran, Ranjana Das, Bidyut C. Deka, Maria Teresa Díaz, Stephen O. Duke, Merete Edelenbos, Indika Edirisinghe, Ines Eichholz, Liam Fearnley, Katarzyna Felisiak, Angela Ávila Fernandez, Estrella Fernández-García, Alessandra Fratianni, María J. Frutos-Fernández, Ali Ganjloo, Hugo S. Garcia, Jasminka Giacometti, Encarnación Goicoechea, Julio Gómez-Cordón, Bernard A. Goodman, David R. Greenwood, Junfeng Guan, Manisha Guha, María D. Guillén, Kehau A. Hagiwara, Jingang He, Marc Hendrickx, Paul A. Henschke, Kan-Nian Hu, Muqiang Hu, J.-H. Huang, Susanne Huyskens-Keil, Vilma Hysenaj, Jörg Ilgen, Gunter Ilgen, Jacek Jaczynski, Amit Kumar Jaiswal, Slavica Mazor Jolić, Djuro Josić, H. Rodolfo Juliani, T. Jyothirmayi, Dipankar Kalita, M.S.L. Karuna, Sefat E. Khuda, Griet Knockaert, Anastasios Koidis, Olivera Koprivnjak, Bjørn Olav Kvamme, Lien Lemmens, Jørgen Lerfall, Limei Li, Ann Van Loey, Kerry M. Loomes, Leticia X. Lopez-Martinez, Agustín López-Munguía, M.D. Luque de Castro, Zhen Ma, Charu Lata Mahanta, N.G. Malleshi, S. Mandal, O. Martín-Belloso, N. Martínez-Navarrete, Claudio Medana, Alemu Mengistu, Seyed Hossein Mirdehghan, Simone Morais, J.M. Moreno-Rojas, Bożena Muszyńska, A. Nath, Simón Navarro, Ginés Navarro, S.V. Ngachan, Rodrigo Nieto-Rojo, Nallely Nuncio-Jáuregui, Manuel Núñez, I. Odriozola-Serrano, Ana Oliveira, M. Beatriz P.P. Oliveira, Rolf Erik Olsen, G. Oms-Oliu, Gianfranco Panfili, Violeta Pardío-Sedas, Pedro M Pérez-Juan, Pier Giorgio Peiretti, Antonio José Pérez-López, Gabriel Pérez-Lucas, Antonia Picón, Marlene Pinto, P.G. Prabhakara Rao, I. Pradas-Baena, R.B.N. Prasad, Isak S. Pretorius, João Gustavo Provesi, Taha M. Rababah, Russly A. Rahman, Prasad Rallabhandi, Kulathooran Ramalakshmi, Lingamallu Jagan Mohan Rao, Ashish Rawson, Krishna N. Reddy, Siv Fagertun Remberg, Isabel Revilla, Ana Rivas-Cañedo, Sascha Rohn, José Manuel Moreno Rojas, Antonio Ruiz-Medina, Shyam S. Sablani, null Tuba Şanlı, Carla S.P. Santos, Mohammad Sayyari, Ralf C. Schlothauer, null Ebru Şenel, María Serrano, Fereidoon Shahidi, Arun Sharma, Girdhari M. Sharma, Chengguo Shen, James E. Simon, Ricardo Simpson, R.K. Singh, Rekha S. Singhal, Erik Slinde, Cristina M.D. Soares, R. Soliva-Fortuny, Shangxin Song, Oddvin Sørheim, Yadahally N. Sreerama, Jonathan M. Stephens, Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja, Weizheng Sun, Mariusz Szymczak, Ravi Kiran Tadapaneni, Reza Tahergorabi, Grzegorz Tokarczyk, Jyoti Tripathi, Apollinaire Tsopmo, Yusuf Tunçtürk, Daniel Valero, Prasad S. Variyar, Laura Vázquez-Araújo, Nuria Vela, Mar Vilanova, Liyuan Wang, Yanxia Wang, Kang Wei, Kristina M. Williams, Anthony D. Wright, Qingli Wu, Hongmei Xiao, Chahan Yeretzian, Andrea Martínez-Yusta, Haifeng Zhao, Mouming Zhao, Feibai Zhou, Shuo Zhou, and Paola Zunin

Published
2015
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37. Use of Microwaves to Extract Chlorogenic Acids from Green Coffee Beans

Author

Lingamallu Jagan Mohan Rao and Kulathooran Ramalakshmi

Subjects
Solvent, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, Temperature and pressure, Chromatography, Chemistry, Polyphenol, Yield (chemistry), Extraction (chemistry), Green coffee, Caffeine, Microwave
Abstract

Microwave-assisted extraction is a process that uses microwave energy to extract target compounds from various matrices. The highly localized temperature and pressure can cause selective migration of target compounds at more rapid rates, providing better extraction than conventional extraction. Process parameters were optimized for the extraction of chlorogenic acids from green coffee beans. The extracts were analyzed for yield, chlorogenic acids, caffeine, total polyphenols and radical scavenging activity. Under optimum conditions of time (5 min), temperature (50°C), and wattage (800 W), maximum chlorogenic acids (8.40%) and caffeine (7.25%) could be extracted using water as solvent. The yields of MAE under optimum conditions were higher than those from the conventional solvent extraction at 5 min and 50°C and the extracts showed radical-scavenging activity of > 75%, even at the concentration of 25 ppm. MAE process can thus be predicted and controlled for industrial application.

Published
2015
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38. Contributors

Author

Mansurah A. Abdulazeez, Mahinda Abeywardena, Mujitaba S. Abubakar, G.O. Adegoke, Oluyemisi Elizabeth Adelakun, Shyam S. Agrawal, Francis Agyemang-Yeboah, Cecilia Aiello, Ibironke Adetolu Ajayi, Olubunmi Bolanle Ajayi, Teresa A. Akeng'a, Aderemi Caleb Aladeokin, Mohamed Ali Al-Farsi, Amna Ali, Niloufer Sultan Ali, Ryszard Amarowicz, Sunday J. Ameh, Larissa Lovatto Amorin, B. Andallu, Paula B. Andrade, Sirajudheen Anwar, Harry Archimède, Ignasius Radix Astadi, Everaldo Attard, Marcos Aurélio de Santana, Cecile Badet, Sachin L. Badole, Daniel J. Ballhorn, Monica S. Banach, Douglas C. Baxter, Dorothea Bedigian, Mikhail A. Belozersky, Valerio Berardi, Trust Beta, Aruna Bhatia, Sanjib Bhattacharya, Jitendra D. Bhosale, Sujit K. Bhutia, Hans Konrad Biesalski, Abdullah bin Habeeballah bin Abdullah Juma, Rune Blomhoff, Judith Boateng, Subhash L. Bodhankar, Anders Borgen, Tomasz Brzozowski, H.N. Büyükkartal, Deon V. Canyon, Monica H. Carlsen, Benildo S. Cavada, Pierre Champy, Cheng-Jie Chen, Jianwei Chen, Yong Chen, Eliton Chivandi, Chanya Chaicharoenpong, Yau-Sang Chan, Randy C.F. Cheung, Adriana Chicco, Pei-Yi Chu, M. Carmen Cid, William de Castro Borges, Luis Cisneros-Zevallos, Wayne Coates, Marie M. Cochard, Marina Cocchi, Hatice Çölgeçen, Marina Contini, Rajesh Dabur, Patrick A. Dakia, B. Daramola, Teresa Delgado, Sandhya Desai, Saikat Dewanjee, Giuseppa Di Bella, Irene Dini, Danuta Drozdowicz, Noélia Duarte, Anuradha Dube, Giacomo Dugo, Yakov E. Dunaevsky, null María del Carmen Durán-de-Bazúa, Caterina Durante, Rafael Cypriano Dutra, George A. Dyer, Tsezi A. Egorov, Akram Eidi, Maryam Eidi, Philippe A. Eigenmann, Mohamed Elleuch, Emma Engström, Kennedy H. Erlwanger, Amin Esfahani, Letícia Estevinho, Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar, Evandro F. Fang, Fan-Fu Fang, E. Olatunde Farombi, Afrânio G. Fernandes, Maria-José U. Ferreira, Federico Ferreres, Swaran J.S. Flora, Giorgia Foca, Octavio Luiz Franco, Maria Teresa Frangipane, Jeffrey R. Fry, Shin Yee Fung, Magaji Garba, Manohar L. Garg, Mahavir H. Ghante, Hasanah Mohd Ghazali, Kesturu Subbaiah Girish, Daniele Giuffrida, Alexandre Gonçalves Santos, Mónica González, Milton Hércules Guerra de Andrade, Asheesh Gupta, Ashish Deep Gupta, Ella H. Haddad, Bente Lise Halvorsen, Hans-Peter Hanssen, Ken-ichi Hatano, Mahadevappa Hemshekhar, Blanca Hernández-Ledesma, María del Rosario Hernández-Medel, Elisa Yoko Hirooka, Michal Holčapek, Chia-Chien Hsieh, Dur-Zong Hsu, Xiaojie Hu, Wen-Chuan Huang, Uford S. Inyang, Zafar Iqbal, Gerhard Jahreis, Anna Jaromin, David J.A. Jenkins, Sunny Jhamnani, Yueming Jiang, Rod Jones, Rachid Kacem, Monica Kachroo, Daein Kang, Dayanand M. Kannur, Kempaiah Kemparaju, Cyril C.W. Kendall, Natalya V. Khadeeva, Tanvir Khaliq, Ali Khan Khuwaja, David H. Kinder, Jiyoung Kim, Soressa M. Kitessa, Merih Kivanc, Kathryn T. Knecht, Kazunori Koba, U. Koca, Mongomaké Koné, Stanislaw J. Konturek, Mariola Korycińska, Arkadiusz Kozubek, Vera Krimer-Malešević, Nikhil Kumar, A.V. Vinay Kumar, Slawomir Kwiecien, Sze-Kwan Lam, Karen Lapsley, Carl J. Lavie, Sonaly Cristine Leal, Chang Young Lee, John H. Lee, Hyong Joo Lee, Ki Won Lee, Yang Deok Lee, Yann-Lii Leu, Delfín Rodríguez Leyva, Duo Li, Min Li, Xiang Li, Ying Liang, Chang-Quan Ling, Miroslav Lísa, Ming-Yie Liu, Qin Liu, Xianxian Liu, Mario Li Vigni, M. Gloria Lobo, Tirupur Venkatachalam Logaraj, Leonardo Lombardini, Yolanda B. Lombardo, Giovanna Loredana La Torre, Ben O. de Lumen, Xingming Ma, Senka Mađarev-Popović, Maurice Mahieu, Anup Maiti, Tapas K. Maiti, Manisha Deb Mandal, Shyamapada Mandal, Tusharkanti Mandal, Andrea Marchetti, Carine Marie-Magdeleine, Colin R. Martin, Sarfaraz Khan Marwat, Riccardo Massantini, Richard D. Mattes, Richelle S. McCullough, Krystyna Michalak, Richard Milani, Arash Mirrahimi, Tulika Mishra, Pragya Misra, Takuya Miyakawa, Abdulkarim Sabo Mohammed, Maryati Mohamed, Joseph Molnár, Alisa Mori, Siham Mostafa Ali El-Shenawy, Michael Murkovic, Subban Nagarajan, Marcelo H. Napimoga, Tadigoppula Narender, Tzi-Bun Ng, Patrick H.K. Ngai, Nguyen Nguyen, Peter D. Nichols, Julius Enyong Oben, Obiageli O. Obodozie, Steve Ogbonnia, James H. O'Keefe, María Eugenia Oliva, Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono, Mario Augusto Ono, Ana G. Ortiz-Quezada, Olusegun James Oyelade, Folake Lucy Oyetayo, Yingming Pan, Vidhu Pachauri, Madan Mohan Padhi, Robert Pajdo, Alistair G. Paice, Dilipkumar Pal, Michal Pawlik, Wieslaw W. Pawlik, Patrícia Barbosa Pelegrini, Draginja Peričin, David M. Pereira, José Alberto Pereira, Amorn Petsom, Grant N. Pierce, Alexander M. Popov, Y. Pramodini, Nagendra Prasad, Lu-Ping Qin, Yang Qiu, K. Vijaya Rachel, Ljiljana Radulović, Asmah Rahmat, P.S. Rajini, Deepak Rajpurohit, C.U. Rajeshwari, Elsa Ramalhosa, Gajendra Rao, Lingamallu Jagan Mohan Rao, Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo, Francesca Ricci, Gianfranco Risuleo, Simone J. Rochfort, Ilia Rodushkin, Carolina Nachi Rossi, Hafiz Abubaker Saddiqi, Kanagal Sahana, Marcello Saitta, Ibrahim Sani, Nalan Yilmaz Sariozlu, Yoriko Sawano, Ulrich Schäfer, Markus Schmitz-Hübsch, Dante Selenscig, S. Sengottuvelu, Essam Shaalan, John L. Sievenpiper, Simona Sighinolfi, Si Mui Sim, Aline Siqueira Ferreira, Julio A. Solís-Fuentes, Korbua Srichaikul, Welma Stonehouse, M.T. Ravi Subbiah, Katarzyna Suchoszek-Łukaniuk, Reka Szollosi, Nget Hong Tan, Masaru Tanokura, Lorenzo Tassi, Edson H. Teixeira, Christine D. Thomson, Sriniwas Tiwari, Yaya Touré, Alessandro Ulrici, A. Umasankar, Solomon Umukoro, Nitin K. Upadhyay, Fazal ur Rehman, Vellingiri Vadivel, Patrícia Valentão, Andras Varga, Žužana Vaštag, Martha Verghese, Y. Vimala, Lloyd T. Walker, He-xiang Wang, Hengshan Wang, Kai Wang, Xiao-li Wang, Cornelius W. Wanjala, Francine K. Welty, Jack H. Wong, Lisa G. Wood, Teruyoshi Yanagita, Bao Yang, Xiujuan Ye, Xianghui Yi, Jau-Song Yu, Alam Zeb, Ye Zhang, Cheng-Jian Zheng, and Adel Zitoun

Published
2011
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44. Health benefits

Author

K. Ramalakshmi and L.Jagan Mohan Rao

Subjects
Environmental health, Business, Health benefits
Published
2011
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50. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Seed Volatile Oil: Chemistry and Role in Health and Disease Prevention

Author

Lingamallu Jagan Mohan Rao, Subban Nagarajan, and Kanagal Sahana

Subjects
Cuminum, Antioxidant, biology, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, law.invention, Nutrient content, Human health, law, medicine, Disease prevention, medicine.symptom, Flatulence, Essential oil
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the nutritional content of cumin seeds. Generally, spices produce biologically significant organic compounds, known as secondary metabolites, which include the volatile and non-volatile constituents. These constituents form the characteristic nature of the spice and possess medicinal and pharmacological properties with a possible impact on human health. The essential oil composition of cumin depends on many factors, such as the stage of maturity of the seeds from which oil is extracted, the method of extraction, types of cultivars, geographical origin, and storage conditions. Applications of the cumin seed in terms of health have been established based on its nutrient content. The cumin seeds are a good source of iron, manganese, potassium, zinc, essential amino acids, proteins, and other unsaturated fatty acids. Cumin seeds possess potential therapeutic and medicinal value, such as antioxidant activity, and use as a remedy for digestive disorders, skin diseases, and selected disorders of the nervous system, etc. The essential oil also shows significant antimicrobial activity against many bacteria, possesses chemopreventive activities, and has potential medicinal value. They are a very good source of iron, which play vital roles in the body. Cumin is used widely in traditional medicine to treat flatulence, digestive disorders, and diarrhea. To date, no adverse effects have been reported from the use of whole cumin, processed cumin, or its essential oil. It is used as a medicine for aches, inflammation, worm infestation, diarrhea, skin diseases, fever, vomiting, and nausea.

Published
2011
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