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1. A case of fungal peritonitis in a patient with paramalignant ascites

Author: Julia M. Berger, Felix Lötsch, Anna S. Berghoff, Wolfgang W. Lamm, Matthias Preusser, and Georg Jeryczynski
Subjects: Fungal peritonitis, Neuroendocrine carcinoma, Ascites, Candida albicans, Caspofungin, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Here, we present the case of a patient with a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor with cytologically negative ascites treated for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Ascitic cultures remained negative for bacterial growth but were positive for Candida albicans 8 days after SBP diagnosis. ß-D-glucan was only positive in ascites, while being negative in blood. Blood cultures remained negative throughout the whole admission. Fungal peritonitis presumably originated from an impending bowl perforation or an increasing vascular permeability caused by an increase in VEGF secondary to diffuse infiltration by the underlying malignant disease.
Published: 2024
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2. Activation of immune evasion machinery is a part of the process of malignant transformation of human cells

Author: Maryam Abooali, Inna M. Yasinska, Stephanie Schlichtner, Sabrina Ruggiero, Steffen M. Berger, Dietmar Cholewa, Milan Milošević, Andreas Bartenstein, Elizaveta Fasler-Kan, and Vadim V. Sumbayev
Subjects: Malignant transformation, Co-inhibitory immune checkpoints, T cells, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Malignant transformation of human cells is associated with their re-programming which results in uncontrolled proliferation and in the same time biochemical activation of immunosuppressive pathways which form cancer immune evasion machinery. However, there is no conceptual understanding of whether immune evasion machinery pathways and expression of immune checkpoint proteins form a part of the process of malignant transformation or if they are triggered by T lymphocytes and natural killers (NK) attempting to attack cells which are undergoing or already underwent malignant transformation. To address this fundamental question, we performed experimental malignant transformation of BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelium cells and RC-124 non-malignant human kidney epithelial cells using bracken extracts containing carcinogenic alkaloid called ptaquiloside. This transformation led to a significant upregulation of cell proliferation velocity and in the same time led to a significant upregulation in expression of key immune checkpoint proteins – galectin-9, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1). Their increased expression levels were in line with upregulation of the levels and activities of HIF-1 transcription complex and transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGF-β)-Smad3 signalling pathway. When co-cultured with T cells, transformed epithelial cells displayed much higher and more efficient immune evasion activity compared to original non-transformed cells. Therefore, this work resolved a very important scientific and clinical question and suggested that cancer immune evasion machinery is activated during malignant transformation of human cells regardless the presence of immune cells in microenvironment.
Published: 2024
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3. Blood coagulation alterations over the first 10 days after severe burn injury

Author: Jeanne M. Barbier, Marina V. Viana, Olivier Pantet, Lorenzo Alberio, and Mette M. Berger
Subjects: Burn injury, Coagulopathy, Blood products, Fluid resuscitation, Thrombocytopenia, Dermatology, RL1-803, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Introduction: Coagulation disorders occur during the first 48 h after major burn injury, affecting mainly PT/INR and aPTT. Some authors consider them burn specific. The aim was to assess the magnitude of coagulation disorders during the first 10 days after severe burn injury and its eventual association with fluid intakes. Methods: Retrospective study of prospectively collected data including patients with burns ≥ 20%BSA (body surface area) who stayed ≥ 24 h at the burn-intensive care unit (ICU). Predetermined data for the analysis of fluid and blood products administration and laboratory values were extracted from the computerized information system. Descriptive statistics, data as median. Results: 167 patients included. The volumes of fluid resuscitation decreased over the first 10 days (median 6815 ml on day 1 decreasing to 4190 ml by day 10, p
Published: 2022
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4. When is parenteral nutrition indicated?

Author: Mette M. Berger and Claude Pichard
Subjects: Parenteral nutrition, Nutrition therapy, Critical illness, Clinical outcome, Gastro-intestinal failure, Indication, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: The indications and contraindications of parenteral nutrition (PN) are discussed in view of recent clinical findings. For decades, PN has been restricted to patients unable to tolerate enteral nutrition (EN) intake owing to the perceived risk of severe side-effects. The evolution of the PN substrate composition and delivery of nutrition via all-in-one bags has dramatically improved the application prospects of PN. Recent studies show similar complication rates of nutrition therapy administered through enteral and intravenous routes. Therefore, indications of PN have, based on evidence, extended beyond complete gastrointestinal (GI) failure to include conditions such as insufficient EN generating persistent negative energy balance and insufficient protein intakes, malabsorption, or specific needs that are impossible to cover with EN feeds.
Published: 2022
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5. Symptom Clusters And Quality Of Life Over 1 Year In Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Author: Ann M Berger, Gaurav Kumar, Tricia D LeVan, and Jane L Meza
Subjects: breast cancer, chemotherapy, quality of life, symptom, symptom cluster, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Nursing, RT1-120
Abstract: Objective: Evidence is scant regarding symptom clusters and quality of life (QOL) over 1 year in women who receive adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy (CTX). Our purpose was to identify the prevalence and severity of individual symptoms, symptom clusters, and QOL in women receiving adjuvant breast cancer CTX from baseline over 1 year. Methods: Symptoms were identified in a sample (n = 219) at three times: baseline (prior to the first adjuvant CTX treatment), 1 month after the last CTX (approximately 6 months after baseline), and 1 year after baseline. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Symptom Experience Scale measured symptoms. The Medical Outcomes Study, Short-Form Survey, measured QOL. Exploratory factor analysis identified symptom clusters at each time and core symptoms in clusters over time. Results: The prevalence and severity of 10 symptoms decreased over time (P < 0.05). Fatigue, sleep disturbance, and pain were most prevalent; all were of mild severity. Two symptom clusters were identified at baseline and one met internal consistency reliability criteria at the later times. Core symptoms were identified. Both the physical and mental component scores of QOL improved over time (P < 0.01), but physical was below the general population norms 1 year after baseline. Conclusions: The symptom experience was dynamic, and symptom clusters changed over 1 year. Despite mild severity, core symptoms and clusters persisted over 1 year, and physical health was below the general population norms. Breast cancer survivors with persistent single and co-occurring symptoms need to be taught to manage the patterns of symptoms over time because they may not resolve by 1 year.
Published: 2020
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6. Single tracer-based protocol for broad-spectrum kinase profiling in live cells with NanoBRET

Author: Matthew B. Robers, Jennifer M. Wilkinson, James D. Vasta, Lena M. Berger, Benedict-Tilman Berger, and Stefan Knapp
Subjects: cell biology, cell-based assays, high-throughput screening, molecular biology, molecular/chemical probes, biotechnology and bioengineering, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Summary: This protocol is used to profile the engagement of kinase inhibitors across nearly 200 kinases in a live-cell context. This protocol utilizes one single kinase tracer (NanoBRET(TM) Tracer K10) that operates quantitatively at four different concentrations. Minimizing the number of tracers offers a significant workflow improvement over the previous protocol that utilized a combination of 6 tracers. Each NanoBRET(TM) kinase assay is built using commercially available plasmids and has been optimized for NanoLuc tagging orientation, diluent DNA, and tracer concentration.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Vasta et al. (2018).
Published: 2021
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7. Effects of short-term exposures to ultrafine particles near an airport in healthy subjects

Author: A. Lammers, N.A.H. Janssen, A.J.F. Boere, M. Berger, C. Longo, S.J.H. Vijverberg, A.H. Neerincx, A.H. Maitland - van der Zee, and F.R. Cassee
Subjects: Ultrafine particles, Aviation, Road traffic, Airport, Short-term exposure, Human subjects, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Background: Recent studies reported elevated concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP) near airports. Little is known about the health effects of UFP from aviation. Since UFP can deposit deep into the lungs and other organs, they may cause significant adverse health effects. Objective: We investigated health effects of controlled short-term human exposure to UFP near a major airport. Methods: In this study, 21 healthy non-smoking volunteers (age range: 18–35 years) were repeatedly (2–5 visits) exposed for 5 h to ambient air near Schiphol Airport, while performing intermittent moderate exercise (i.e. cycling). Pre- to post-exposure changes in cardiopulmonary outcomes (spirometry, forced exhaled nitric oxide, electrocardiography and blood pressure) were assessed and related to total- and size-specific particle number concentrations (PNC), using linear mixed effect models. Results: The PNC was on average 53,500 particles/cm3 (range 10,500–173,200). A 5–95th percentile increase in exposure to UFP (i.e. 125,400 particles/cm3) was associated with a decrease in FVC of −73.8 mL (95% CI −138.8 – −0.4) and a prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval by 9.9 ms (95% CI 2.0 – 19.1). These effects were associated with particles 50 nm (mainly UFP from road traffic). Discussion: Short-term exposures to aviation-related UFP near a major airport, was associated with decreased lung function (mainly FVC) and a prolonged QTc interval in healthy volunteers. The effects were relatively small, however, they appeared after single exposures of 5 h in young healthy adults. As this study cannot make any inferences about long-term health impacts, appropriate studies investigating potential health effects of long-term exposure to airport-related UFP, are urgently needed.
Published: 2020
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8. The Tim-3-galectin-9 Secretory Pathway is Involved in the Immune Escape of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Author: Isabel Gonçalves Silva, Inna M. Yasinska, Svetlana S. Sakhnevych, Walter Fiedler, Jasmin Wellbrock, Marco Bardelli, Luca Varani, Rohanah Hussain, Giuliano Siligardi, Giacomo Ceccone, Steffen M. Berger, Yuri A. Ushkaryov, Bernhard F. Gibbs, Elizaveta Fasler-Kan, and Vadim V. Sumbayev
Subjects: Acute myeloid leukemia, Tim-3, Galectin-9, NK cells, Anti-leukemia immunity, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe and often fatal systemic malignancy. Malignant cells are capable of escaping host immune surveillance by inactivating cytotoxic lymphoid cells. In this work we discovered a fundamental molecular pathway, which includes ligand-dependent activation of ectopically expressed latrophilin 1 and possibly other G-protein coupled receptors leading to increased translation and exocytosis of the immune receptor Tim-3 and its ligand galectin-9. This occurs in a protein kinase C and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)-dependent manner. Tim-3 participates in galectin-9 secretion and is also released in a free soluble form. Galectin-9 impairs the anti-cancer activity of cytotoxic lymphoid cells including natural killer (NK) cells. Soluble Tim-3 prevents secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) required for the activation of cytotoxic lymphoid cells. These results were validated in ex vivo experiments using primary samples from AML patients. This pathway provides reliable targets for both highly specific diagnosis and immune therapy of AML.
Published: 2017
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9. Plasma-wall interaction of advanced materials

Author: J.W. Coenen, M. Berger, M.J. Demkowicz, D. Matveev, A. Manhard, R. Neu, J. Riesch, B. Unterberg, M. Wirtz, and Ch. Linsmeier
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: DEMO is the name for the first stage prototype fusion reactor considered to be the next step after ITER. For the realization of fusion energy especially materials questions pose a significant challenge already today. Advanced materials solution are under discussion in order to allow operation under reactor conditions [1] and are already under development used in the next step devices. Apart from issues related to material properties such as strength, ductility, resistance against melting and cracking one of the major issues to be tackled is the interaction with the fusion plasma. Advanced tungsten (W) materials as discussed below do not necessarily add additional lifetime issues, they will, however, add concerns related to erosion or surface morphology changes due to preferential sputtering. Retention of fuel and exhaust species are one of the main concerns. Retention of hydrogen will be one of the major issues to be solved in advanced materials as especially composites and alloys will introduce new hydrogen interactions mechanisms. Initial calculations show these mechanisms. Especially for Helium as the main impurity species material issues arise related to surfaces modification and embrittlement. Solutions are proposed to mitigate effects on material properties and introduce new release mechanisms.
Published: 2017
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10. Erosion of Fe-W model system under normal and oblige D ion irradiation

Author: Bernhard M. Berger, Reinhard Stadlmayr, Dominic Blöch, Elisabeth Gruber, Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, Thomas Schwarz-Selinger, and Friedrich Aumayr
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: The dynamic erosion behaviour of iron-tungsten (Fe-W) model films (with 1.5 at% W) resulting from 250eV deuterium (D) irradiation is investigated under well-defined laboratory conditions. For three different impact angles (0°, 45° and 60° with respect to the surface normal) the erosion yield is monitored as a function of incident D fluence using a highly sensitive quartz crystal microbalance technique (QCM). In addition the evolution of the Fe-W film topography and roughness with increasing fluence is observed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The mass removal rate for Fe-W is found to be comparable to the value of a pure Fe film at low incident fluences but strongly decreases with increasing D fluence. This is consistent with earlier observations of a substantial W enrichment at the surface due to preferential Fe sputtering. The reduction of the mass removal rate is initially more pronounced for irradiation under oblique angles as compared to normal incidence, but the differences vanish for fluences > 2·1023D/m². High resolution AFM images reveal that continued ion irradiation leads to significant surface roughening and (depending on ion impact angle) formation of nanodots or nano-ripples. This may indicate that the W enrichment at the surface due to preferential sputtering of Fe is not exclusively responsible for the observed reduction in erosion with increasing D fluence. Keywords: Plasma-wall-interaction, Sputtering, Erosion, Iron-tungsten, Ripple formation
Published: 2017
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11. Influence of helium induced nanostructures on the thermal shock performance of tungsten

Author: M. Wirtz, M. Berger, A. Huber, A. Kreter, J. Linke, G. Pintsuk, M. Rasinski, G. Sergienko, and B. Unterberg
Subjects: Tungsten, Edge localized mode, Transient thermal loads, W-fuzz, Synergistic effects, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Experiments were performed in the linear plasma device PSI-2 in order to investigate the synergistic effects of combined steady-state He-plasma and thermal shock exposure. Tungsten produced according to the ITER material specifications by Plansee SE, Austria, was loaded sequentially and simultaneously by steady-state He plasma and transient thermal loads induced by a laser beam. All tungsten samples were exposed to helium plasma for 40min at a base temperature of ca. 850°C and a flux of ca. 2.8×1022m−2s−1. Before, during and after the plasma exposure 1000 thermal shock pulses with a pulse duration of 1ms and a power density 0.76GW/m² were applied on the samples. The thermal shock exposure before and after plasma exposure was done at room temperature in order to investigate helium induced surface effects also within cracks. The obtained results show that the combination of He plasma with transient thermal shock events results in a severe modification such as reduced height or agglomeration of the sub-surface He-bubbles and of the created nanostructures, i.e. W-fuzz.
Published: 2016
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12. Molecular Basis for ATP-Hydrolysis-Driven DNA Translocation by the CMG Helicase of the Eukaryotic Replisome

Author: Patrik Eickhoff, Hazal B. Kose, Fabrizio Martino, Tatjana Petojevic, Ferdos Abid Ali, Julia Locke, Nele Tamberg, Andrea Nans, James M. Berger, Michael R. Botchan, Hasan Yardimci, and Alessandro Costa
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Summary: In the eukaryotic replisome, DNA unwinding by the Cdc45-MCM-Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) (CMG) helicase requires a hexameric ring-shaped ATPase named minichromosome maintenance (MCM), which spools single-stranded DNA through its central channel. Not all six ATPase sites are required for unwinding; however, the helicase mechanism is unknown. We imaged ATP-hydrolysis-driven translocation of the CMG using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and found that the six MCM subunits engage DNA using four neighboring protomers at a time, with ATP binding promoting DNA engagement. Morphing between different helicase states leads us to suggest a non-symmetric hand-over-hand rotary mechanism, explaining the asymmetric requirements of ATPase function around the MCM ring of the CMG. By imaging of a higher-order replisome assembly, we find that the Mrc1-Csm3-Tof1 fork-stabilization complex strengthens the interaction between parental duplex DNA and the CMG at the fork, which might support the coupling between DNA translocation and fork unwinding. : Eickhoff et al. used cryo-EM to image DNA unwinding by the eukaryotic replicative helicase, Cdc45-MCM-GINS. As the hexameric MCM ring hydrolyses ATP, DNA is spooled asymmetrically around the ring pore. This asymmetry explains why selected ATPase sites are essential for DNA translocation. Understanding DNA unwinding informs on replication fork progression. Keywords: DNA replication, cryo-EM, AAA+ ATPase, helicase, molecular motor, DNA unwinding
Published: 2019
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13. Blood coagulation alterations over the first 10 days after severe burn injury

Author: Mette M. Berger, Marina Verçoza Viana, Lorenzo Alberio, Jeanne M. Barbier, and Olivier Pantet
Subjects: Body surface area, Resuscitation, business.industry, RC86-88.9, Fluid resuscitation, Major burn, Retrospective cohort study, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, General Medicine, Dermatology, Thrombocytopenia, Coagulation, Burn injury, Blood products, Coagulopathy, Anesthesia, RL1-803, Medicine, Severe burn, business, Coagulation Disorder
Abstract: Introduction: Coagulation disorders occur during the first 48 h after major burn injury, affecting mainly PT/INR and aPTT. Some authors consider them burn specific. The aim was to assess the magnitude of coagulation disorders during the first 10 days after severe burn injury and its eventual association with fluid intakes. Methods: Retrospective study of prospectively collected data including patients with burns ≥ 20%BSA (body surface area) who stayed ≥ 24 h at the burn-intensive care unit (ICU). Predetermined data for the analysis of fluid and blood products administration and laboratory values were extracted from the computerized information system. Descriptive statistics, data as median. Results: 167 patients included. The volumes of fluid resuscitation decreased over the first 10 days (median 6815 ml on day 1 decreasing to 4190 ml by day 10, p
Published: 2022

14. Biochemical methods to monitor loading and activation of hexameric helicases

Author: Amy J. Fernandez and James M. Berger
Published: 2022

15. Structure of Human cGAS Reveals a Conserved Family of Second-Messenger Enzymes in Innate Immunity

Author: Philip J. Kranzusch, Amy Si-Ying Lee, James M. Berger, and Jennifer A. Doudna
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Innate immune recognition of foreign nucleic acids induces protective interferon responses. Detection of cytosolic DNA triggers downstream immune signaling through activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). We report here the crystal structure of human cGAS, revealing an unanticipated zinc-ribbon DNA-binding domain appended to a core enzymatic nucleotidyltransferase scaffold. The catalytic core of cGAS is structurally homologous to the RNA-sensing enzyme, 2′-5′ oligo-adenylate synthase (OAS), and divergent C-terminal domains account for specific ligand-activation requirements of each enzyme. We show that the cGAS zinc ribbon is essential for STING-dependent induction of the interferon response and that conserved amino acids displayed within the intervening loops are required for efficient cytosolic DNA recognition. These results demonstrate that cGAS and OAS define a family of innate immunity sensors and that structural divergence from a core nucleotidyltransferase enables second-messenger responses to distinct foreign nucleic acids.
Published: 2013
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16. First international meeting of early career investigators

Author: Joop Jonckheer, Tim Friede, Albert Albay, Sebastián Pablo Chapela, Mette M. Berger, Robert G. Martindale, Maria Eloisa Garcia Velasquez, Robert van Gassel, Christian Stoppe, Sanit Wichansawakun, Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Intensive Care, Surgery, RS: NUTRIM - R2 - Liver and digestive health, Stoppe, C., van Gassel, R., Jonckheer, J., Garcia Velasquez, M. E., Di Girolamo, F. G., Chapela, S. P., Wichansawakum, S., Albay, A., Friede, T., Martindale, R., and Berger, M. M.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS, ILL PATIENTS, Critical Illness, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Care nutrition, Nutritional Status, nutritional support, parenteral nutrition, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Enteral Nutrition, 0302 clinical medicine, LONG-TERM OUTCOMES, Nursing, Intervention (counseling), Intensive care, EARLY ENTERAL NUTRITION, INDIRECT CALORIMETRY, SUPPORT, Humans, enteral nutrition, Medicine, Early career, 2. Zero hunger, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Critical care, Enteral nutrition, Nutritional support, Parenteral nutrition, Nutritional Support, Critical Care, business.industry, BODY PROTEIN-TURNOVER, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, critical care, Clinical trial, Nutritional Statu, Malnutrition, Clinical research, SUPPLEMENTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION, 13. Climate action, ICU, Critical Illne, ENERGY-BALANCE, business, Human
Abstract: Background: Appropriate nutritional support is a key component of care for critically ill patients. While malnutrition increases complications, impacting long term outcomes and healthcare-related costs, uncertainties persist regarding optimal provision of nutritional support in this setting.Methods: An international group of healthcare providers (HCPs) from critical care specialties and nutrition researchers convened to identify knowledge gaps and learnings from studies in critical care nutrition. Clinical research needs were identified in order to better inform future nutrition practices.Results: Challenges in critical care nutrition arise, in part, from inconsistent outcomes in several large-scale studies regarding the optimal amount of calories and protein to prescribe, the optimal time to initiate nutritional support and the role of parental nutrition to support critically ill patients. Furthermore, there is uncertainty on how best to identify patients at nutritional risk, and the appropriate outcome measures for ICU nutrition studies. Given HCPs have a suboptimal evidence base to inform the nutritional management of critically ill patients, further well-designed clinical trials capturing clinically relevant endpoints are needed to address these knowledge gaps.Conclusions: The identified aspects for future research could be addressed in studies designed and conducted in collaboration with an international team of interdisciplinary nutrition experts. The aim of this collaboration is to address the unmet need for robust clinical data needed to develop high-quality evidence-based nutritional intervention recommendations to better inform the future management of critically ill patients. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
Published: 2020

17. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in oncology healthcare professionals and patients with cancer at a tertiary care centre during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Matthias Preusser, Thorsten Fuereder, J. Kreminger, Lorenz Schubert, Anna S. Berghoff, Ariane Steindl, Julia M. Berger, Angelika M. Starzer, Thomas Perkmann, Hannah Christina Puhr, Robert Strassl, Selma Tobudic, Gerwin Heller, Florian Moik, Stefan Winkler, and Helmuth Haslacher
Subjects: Male, Oncology, Cancer Research, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Antibodies, Viral, Tertiary Care Centers, COVID-19 Testing, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Oncology Service, Hospital, Pandemic, Prospective Studies, Original Research, Aged, 80 and over, Oncologists, seroprevalence, biology, Oncology Nursing, healthcare professionals, Middle Aged, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Austria, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Cohort, Female, Antibody, Coronavirus Infections, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Patients, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-COV-2, lcsh:RC254-282, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Medical Staff, Hospital, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, Serologic Tests, Pandemics, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, business.industry, COVID-19, Reproducibility of Results, Outbreak, Cancer, medicine.disease, biology.protein, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Background During the COVID-19 outbreak, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at the frontline of clinical management and at increased risk for infection. The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of oncological HCP and their patients has significant implications for oncological care. Methods HCP and patients with cancer at the Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna were included between 21 March and 4 June and tested for total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 employing the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Reactive samples were confirmed or disproved by the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test. Additionally, a structured questionnaire regarding basic demographic parameters, travel history and COVID-19-associated symptoms had to be completed by HCP. Results 146 subjects (62 HCP and 84 patients with cancer) were enrolled. In the oncological HCP cohort, 20 (32.3%) subjects were medical oncologists, 28 (45.2%) nurses at our ward and 14 (22.6%) fulfil other functions such as study coordinators. In the patient cohort, most individuals are on active anticancer treatment (96.4%). 26% of the HCP and 6% of the patients had symptoms potentially associated with COVID-19 since the end of February 2020. However, only in 2 (3.2%) HCP and in 3 (3.6%) patients, anti-SARS-Cov-2 total antibodies were detected. The second assay for anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies confirmed the positive result in all HCP and in 2 (2.4%) patients, suggesting an initial assay’s unspecific reaction in one case. In individuals with a confirmed test result, an active COVID-19 infection was documented by a positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA PCR test. Conclusion Specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were found solely in persons after a documented SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, thus supporting the test methods’ high sensitivity and specificity. The low prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in our cohorts indicates a lack of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. It highlights the need for continued strict safety measures to prevent uncontrolled viral spread among oncological HCPs and patients with cancer.
Published: 2020

18. Robust T Cell Response Toward Spike, Membrane, and Nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Is Not Associated with Recovery in Critical COVID-19 Patients

Author: Margarethe Konik, Marc M. Berger, Thorsten Brenner, Ulf Dittmer, Toni Luise Meister, Adrian Doevelaar, Moritz Anft, Toralf Roch, Arturo Blazquez-Navarro, Stephanie Pfaender, Constantin J. Thieme, Ulrik Stervbo, Krystallenia Paniskaki, Bodo Hoelzer, Oliver Witzke, Nina Babel, Sebastian Dolff, Carsten Watzl, Eike Steinmann, Felix S. Seibert, Clemens B. Tempfer, and Timm H. Westhoff
Subjects: Adult, Male, Coronavirus M Proteins, Critical Illness, T-Lymphocytes, viruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Medizin, nucleocapsid, Peptide, Biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, Immunity, Immunopathology, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Humans, immunopathology, Aged, S/M/N protein-reactive T cells, Aged, 80 and over, chemistry.chemical_classification, lcsh:R5-920, Effector, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Convalescence, spike, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Middle Aged, Phosphoproteins, immunity, critical COVID-19, Vaccination, chemistry, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Immunology, Female, lcsh:Medicine (General), CD8
Abstract: T cell immunity toward SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-), membrane (M-), and nucleocapsid (N-) proteins may define COVID-19 severity. Therefore, we compare the SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell responses in moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 patients and unexposed donors. Overlapping peptide pools of all three proteins induce SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell response with dominance of CD4+ over CD8+ T cells and demonstrate interindividual immunity against the three proteins. M-protein induces the highest frequencies of CD4+ T cells, suggesting its relevance for diagnosis and vaccination. The T cell response of critical COVID-19 patients is robust and comparable or even superior to non-critical patients. Virus clearance and COVID-19 survival are not associated with either SARS-CoV-2 T cell kinetics or magnitude of T cell responses, respectively. Thus, our data do not support the hypothesis of insufficient SARS-CoV-2-reactive immunity in critical COVID-19. Conversely, it indicates that activation of differentiated memory effector T cells could cause hyperreactivity and immunopathogenesis in critical patients., Graphical Abstract, Highlights M-, N-, and S-proteins induce T cell reactivity with differing immune dominance M-protein triggers a strong CD4+ T cell response ICU and non-ICU COVID-19 patients have comparable SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses Viral clearance and COVID-19 survival are not associated with SARS-CoV-2 immunity, Thieme et al. demonstrate the T cell response against M-, N-, and S-proteins of SARS-CoV-2, with M-protein triggering a stronger CD4+ T cell response. ICU COVID-19 patients are capable of generating functional SARS-CoV-2 immunity non-inferior to non-ICU COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 clearance and COVID-19 survival are not associated with the magnitude of T cell response.
Published: 2020

19. Schlafstörungen

Author: D. Riemann and M. Berger
Published: 2019

20. Autoren

Author: R.P. Andrié, J. Angenendt, H. Aubin, S. Baldus, J. Balzer, J. Baltzer, J. Behr, Marcus Benz, M. Berger, N. Blank, E. Blind, M. Buchfelder, A. Burk, C. Detter, R. Diel, H.-C. Diener, W. Domschke, K. Doppler, J. Ellinger, H.-J. Epple, R. Erbel, S. Fichtner-Feigl, M. Fischereder, M. Forsting, M. Friedrich, U. Frommberger, B.C. Frye, F.-D. Goebel, K. Grabitz, A. Groeneveld, F. Gundling, C.N. Gutt, G. Haidl, U. Hartmann, C. Hausteiner-Wiehle, B. Herpertz-Dahlmann, D. Heuß, P. Heußner, E. Hiller, U. Hohenfellner, J. Honegger, T. Hornung, F. Jansen, T. Jelinek, B. Jordan, C. Keck, M. Kelm, A. Kilian, A. Kleindienst, H. Kölbl, M.E. Kreis, B. Kroener-Herwig, A.K. Külz, F. Lammert, A. Lichtenberg, V. Limmroth, K. Lindner, R. Loddenkemper, H.-M. Lorenz, N. Lügering, P. Mallmann, R. Max, U. Merle, F. Mellert, G. Michels, R.-U. Müller, S.C. Müller, S. Müller-Lissner, J. Müller-Quernheim, C. Neuhof, K.G. Parhofer, E. Petri, T. Pfeiffer, Adrian Pilatz, C. Pizarro, C. Probst, W. Rascher, F. Raue, C. Reindl, C. Riedner, D. Riemann, V. Röckelein, W. Sandmann, T. Sauerbruch, N. Schahab, A. Schaper, W. Schepp, S. Schliep, H.-G. Schnürch, J. Schölmerich, Ulf Schönermarck, J. Schopohl, A. Schuchert, H. Schulze-Koops, J. Schupp, S.E. Segerer, N. Senninger, U. Seybold, B. Siegmund, D. Skowasch, C. Sommer, M. Stahl, A. Stallmach, M. Sticherling, W. Stremmel, U. Sure, F. Tacke, T. Vloet, U. Voderholzer, Y. von Kodolitsch, F. Wagenlehner, T. Wahlers, L.T. Weber, W. Weidner, B.T. Weis-Müller, N. Werner, U. Wintergerst, Gunter Wolf, D. Ziegler, S. Zierz, and Th. Zimmermann
Published: 2019

21. Production of Hybrid Tubular Metal-Fiber-Preforms: Material Characterization of Braided Hoses with a Binder

Author: Paul Ruhland, M. Berger, Sven Coutandin, and Jürgen Fleischer
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Bonding process, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Metal fiber, Materials science, Thermoplastic, Composite number, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Fibre-reinforced plastic, 01 natural sciences, Rod, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, chemistry, Aluminium, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Composite material, ddc:620, Curing (chemistry), Engineering & allied operations, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Hybrid shafts or rods, where the area of load introduction is metallic (e.g. steel or aluminium) and the area of load transfer is made of fibre reinforced plastics (FRP), are an established concept for lightweight parts. Besides the monolithic FRP and the metallic areas, the overlap area of both materials is particularly important. Such parts can beneficially be produced by the use of liquid composite moulding (LCM), where the bonding process takes place during the resin curing. This is called intrinsic hybridization. Beforehand it is crucial to produce a near-net-shape preform in which the metallic end fittings for the load introduction are already integrated. To manufacture such parts constantly with a high quality, a process model of the joining by draping the braided preform is necessary. In this paper an approach for the production of hybrid preforms made of braided hoses and metallic fittings is presented in order to develop a process model. The process starts with a cylindrical multi-layer preform made of braided hoses, in which the layers are bonded by a thermoplastic binder powder. The decisive process step is the draping of the preform onto the metallic fitting. For this forming step, the material characterization of the hybrid preform plays an important role. Several material tests to determine the textile parameters of the preform are therefore evaluated and performed. Finally, the results of these tests are presented and discussed.
Published: 2019

22. Adult classical homocystinuria requiring parenteral nutrition: Pitfalls and management

Author: Christel Tran, Luisa Bonafé, Mette M. Berger, Julie Rieger, and Jean-Marc Nuoffer
Subjects: Parenteral Nutrition, medicine.medical_specialty, Perforation (oil well), Homocystinuria, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Enteral administration, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Medical nutrition therapy, Intensive care medicine, 610 Medicine & health, Contraindication, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Cystathionine beta synthase, Surgery, Parenteral nutrition, Practice Guidelines as Topic, biology.protein, business, Hypermethioninemia, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Summary Background Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) deficiency presents with a wide clinical spectrum. Treatment by the enteral route aims at reducing homocysteine levels by using vitamin B6, possibly methionine-restricted diet, betaine and/or folate and vitamin B 12 supplementation. Currently no nutritional guidelines exist regarding parenteral nutrition (PN) under acute conditions. Methods Exhaustive literature search was performed, in order to identify the relevant studies describing the pathogenesis and nutritional intervention of adult classical homocystinuria requiring PN. Description of an illustrative case of an adult female with CBS deficiency and intestinal perforation, who required total PN due to contraindication to enteral nutrition. Results Nutritional management of decompensated classical homocystinuria is complex and currently no recommendation exists regarding PN composition. Amino acid profile and monitoring of total homocysteine concentration are the main tools enabling a precise assessment of the severity of metabolic alterations. In case of contraindication to enteral nutrition, compounded PN will be required, as described in this paper, to ensure adequate low amounts of methionine and others essential amino acids and avoid potentially fatal toxic hypermethioninemia. Conclusions By reviewing the literature and reporting successful nutritional management of a decompensated CBS deficiency using tailored PN with limited methionine intake and n-3 PUFA addition, we would like to underscore the fact that standard PN solutions are not adapted for CBS deficient critical ill patients: new solutions are required. High methionine levels (>800 μmol/L) being potentially neurotoxic, there is an urgent need to improve our knowledge of acute nutritional therapy.
Published: 2018
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23. Autoren

Author: P. Albers, R.P. Andrié, J. Angenendt, B. Appenrodt, A. Arkudas, H. Aubin, R. Autschbach, S. Baldus, J. Balzer, J. Baltzer, J. Behr, A. Behrens, Marcus Benz, M. Berger, F. Berr, S.C. Bischoff, A. Böhm, M. Böhm, D. Bokemeyer, F. Borowitzka, M. Brüwer, M. Buchfelder, A. Burk, K. Caca, S. Daum, C. Detter, H.-C. Diener, W. Domschke, K. Doppler, C.E. Elger, C. Ell, J. Ellinger, H.-J. Epple, B. Esser, Sebastian Ewen, C. Fibbe, S. Fichtner-Feigl, P. Fiegel, W. Fischbach, M. Fischereder, U.R. Fölsch, M. Forsting, N. Frey, S.M. Freys, M. Friedrich, T. Frieling, U. Frommberger, P. Frühmorgen, S. Geidel, C.-T. Germer, F.-D. Goebel, A. Goetzenich, K. Grabitz, M. Greetfeld, A. Groeneveld, P.K. Groha, F. Gundling, C.N. Gutt, T. Haak, U. Hartmann, H. Hauner, C. Hausteiner-Wiehle, P. Henningsen, B. Herpertz-Dahlmann, D. Heuß, P. Heußner, J. Hoffmann, U. Hohenfellner, R.E. Horch, M. Hüll, S. John, B. Jordan, C. Jurowich, A. Käberich, H. Katus, C. Keck, M. Kelm, K. Kiehne, Adrienne Kilian, I. Kindermann, A. Kleindienst, K. Klingel, Y. von Kodolitsch, H. Kölbl, S. Koletzko, O. Kollmar, S. Konstantinidis, H.J. Kramer, M.E. Kreis, B. Kroener-Herwig, C. Kurschat, F. Lammert, G. Lamprecht, J.M. Langosch, P. Layer, L. Leifeld, A. Lichtenberg, K. Lindner, A. Link, N. Lügering, Achim Lusch, T. Marth, U. Merle, F. Mellert, M. Meyer-Marcotty, G. Michels, J.M. Middeke, G. Möddel, J. Mössner, A. Müller, J.L. Müller, R.-U. Müller, S.C. Müller, S. Müller-Lissner, U. Müller-Werdan, M. Neubrand, C. Neuhof, K.G. Parhofer, E. Petri, T. Pfeiffer, Adrian Pilatz, C. Pizarro, T. Pohle, E. Polykandriotis, C. Probst, W. Rascher, B. Rauch, M. Reuss-Borst, C. Riedner, E. Rietschel, V. Röckelein, Ch. Rüster, M. Ruß, M. Sailer, W. Sandmann, T. Sauerbruch, B. Schaaf, C.A. Schaefer, N. Schahab, A. Schaper, J. Schetelig, M. Schmitz, H.-G. Schnürch, J. Schölmerich, Ulf Schönermarck, J.W. Schrickel, A. Schuchert, H. Schunkert, S.E. Segerer, N. Senninger, U. Seybold, B. Siegmund, D. Skowasch, C. Sommer, U. Spengler, M. Stahl, A. Stallmach, G. Stolpmann, W. Stremmel, U. Sure, F. Tacke, B.T. te Wildt, P. Trinkler, H. Tröger, M. Unnewehr, T. Vloet, U. Voderholzer, P.M. Vogt, W. von Scheidt, F. Wagenlehner, T. Wahlers, L.T. Weber, T. Wehrmann, B.T. Weis-Müller, K. Werdan, U. Wintergerst, T. Wittwer, Gunter Wolf, K. Wölfling, G. Wolkersdörfer, D. Ziegler, and S. Zierz
Published: 2018

24. Micronutrient Homeostasis

Author: Mette M. Berger, Linda E. Sousse, Gordon L. Klein, Ludwik K. Branski, and David N. Herndon
Published: 2018

25. List of Contributors

Author: Rajeev B Ahuja, J F Aili Low, Brett D. Arnoldo, Amina El Ayadi, Sarah E Bache, Juan P Barret, Robert E Barrow, Debra A Benjamin, Mette M Berger, Eileen Bernal, Genevieve H Bitz, Fredrick J Bohanon, Branko Bojovic, Ludwik Branski, Elisha G Brownson, Michael C Buffalo, Janos Cambiaso-Daniel, Stephanie A Campbell, Leopoldo C Cancio, Karel D Capek, Kelly D Carmichael, Joshua S Carson, Michele Carter, Mario M Celis, Jiake Chai, Pallab Chatterjee, Linda Chilton, Dai H Chung, Kevin K Chung, Audra T Clark, Amalia Cochran, April Cowan, Robert A Cox, Beretta Craft-Coffman, Derek M Culnan, Moayad Dannoun, Alexis Desmoulière, Matthias B Donelan, Peter Dziewulski, Naguib El-Muttardi, Perenlei Enkhbaatar, Shawn P Fagan, James A Fauerbach, Celeste C Finnerty, Christian Gabriel, James J Gallagher, Nicole S Gibran, Cleon W Goodwin, Jeremy Goverman, Ashley N Guillory, Herbert L Haller, Houman K Hassanpour, Hal K Hawkins, David N Herndon, Maureen Hollyoak, Ted T Huang, Byron D Hughes, Gabriel Hundeshagen, Mohamed E. Ismail, Mary Jaco, Marc G Jeschke, Carlos Jimenez, Andreas Jokuszies, Lars-Peter Kamolz, Jennifer Kemp-Offenberg, Michael P Kinsky, Gordon L. Klein, Makiko Kobayashi, George C Kramer, Maggie J Kuhlmann-Capek, Peter Kwan, Jong O Lee, Kwang Chear Lee, Jorge Leon-Villapalos, Benjamin Levi, William C Lineaweaver, Kimberly M Linticum, Jeffrey Lisiecki, Omar Nunez Lopez, Caroline Martinello, J A Jeevendra Martyn, Arthur D Mason, Jillian M McLaughlin, Kevin H Merkley, Walter J Meyer, Esther Middelkoop, Stephen M Milner, Ronald P Mlcak, Naiem S. Moiemen, Stephen E Morris, David W Mozingo, Michael Muller, Robert F Mullins, Kuzhali Muthumalaiappan, Andreas D Niederbichler, William B Norbury, Sheila Ott, Christian Peterlik, Bruce Philp, Craig Porter, Basil A Pruitt, Ravi S Radhakrishnan, Ruth B Rimmer, Laura Rosenberg, Marta Rosenberg, Arthur P Sanford, Kwabena O Sarpong, Michael A Serghiou, Robert L Sheridan, William C Sherman, Edward R. Sherwood, Lisa W Smith, Linda E. Sousse, Marcus Spies, Oscar E Suman, Fujio Suzuki, Mark Talon, Christopher R. Thomas, Tracy Toliver-Kinsky, Edward E Tredget, Stefan D Trocmé, Lisa L Tropez-Arceneaux, Peter M Vogt, Charles D Voigt, David W Voigt, Glen Warden, Shelley Wiechman, Mimmie Willebrand, Felicia N Williams, Stephen Williamson, Steven E Wolf, Lee C. Woodson, Sue M. Woodson, Paul Wurzer, David Yngve, and Ramón L. Zapata-Sirvent
Published: 2018

26. Depressive Störungen

Author: M. Greetfeld, U. Voderholzer, and M. Berger
Published: 2018

27. Contributors

Author: Jill L. Abraham, Karin Allenspach, Jennifer Baez, Melissa Bain, Joseph W. Bartges, Marie C. Bélanger, David Bennett, Allyson Berent, Darren Berger, Jeannine M. Berger, April E. Blong, Manuel Boller, Dawn Merton Boothe, Allison Bradley, Benjamin Brainard, Jennifer Broadhurst, Michael R. Broome, Scott A. Brown, C.A. Tony Buffington, Christopher G. Byers, Alane Kosanovich Cahalane, Christine L. Cain, Amanda Callens, Daniel L. Chan, Dennis J. Chew, Martha G. Cline, Rachel Dean, Joao Felipe de Brito Galvao, Amy DeClue, Alison Diesel, Brian A. DiGangi, Ray Dillon, Adam Eatroff, Amy K. Farcas, Daniel J. Fletcher, J.D. Foster, Susan Foster, Diane Frank, Lisa M. Freeman, Frédéric Gaschen, Lorrie Gaschen, Sonya G. Gordon, Brenda Griffin, Tamara Grubb, Danièlle Gunn-Moore, Beth Hamper, Katrin Hartmann, Andrea Harvey, Daniel F. Hogan, Katherine Irwin, Stephanie Janeczko, Rosanne E. Jepson, Albert E. Jergens, Tony Johnson, SeungWoo Jung, Rebecca Kirby, Claudia A. Kirk, Erika L. Krick, Darcie Kunder, Michelle Kutzler, D.P. Laflamme, Selena Lane, Cathy Langston, Jacqui Ley, Susan E. Little, Andrew Lowe, Virginia Luis Fuentes, Leslie A. Lyons, Caroline Mansfield, Stanley L. Marks, Elizabeth A. Mauldin, Elisa Mazzaferro, Paul Mellor, Melinda D. Merck, Kathryn M. Meurs, Kathryn E. Michel, Kristina Miles, Carmel T. Mooney, Karen A. Moriello, Suzanne Murphy, Stijn Niessen, Shila Nordone, Carolyn O'Brien, Robert T. O'Brien, Adesola Odunayo, Shelly Olin, Beth Overley-Adamson, Mark A. Oyama, Valerie J. Parker, Adam P. Patterson, Mark E. Peterson, Jessica M. Quimby, Nicki Reed, Alexander M. Reiter, Sheilah A. Robertson, Judy Rochette, Elizabeth Rozanski, Elke Rudloff, Nancy A. Sanders, Brian A. Scansen, Kenneth W. Simpson, Carlo Siracusa, Katherine A. Skorupski, Dan D. Smeak, Martha Smith-Blackmore, Maria Soltero-Rivera, Karin U. Sorenmo, Enrico P. Spugnini, Gretchen Statz, Judith L. Stella, Meredith E. Stepita, Harriet M. Syme, Viktor Szatmári, Samantha Taylor, Elizabeth Thomovsky, Katrina R. Viviano, Craig B. Webb, Tracy L. Webb, J. Scott Weese, Jodi L. Westropp, Charles E. Wiedmeyer, Rebecca P. Wilkes, Tina Wismer, Angela Witzel, and Eric Zini
Published: 2016

28. Genome Plasticity, Bacterial

Author: M Berger, N Rehm, and U Dobrindt
Subjects: Genetics, Genome evolution, Horizontal gene transfer, Gene regulatory network, Chromosome, Bacterial genome size, Biology, Mobile genetic elements, Gene, Genome
Abstract: The ability of bacteria to successfully colonize a niche and to adapt to varying growth conditions relies in large parts on bacterial genome plasticity. The gain and loss of horizontally acquired genetic information as well as point mutations, intragenomic rearrangements, and large gene amplifications contribute to genomic variability. The chromosomal structure and organization can affect the efficient incorporation of foreign DNA into the chromosome and also gene expression. Genome plasticity should not only be perceived as alterations of genome content. Structural constraints affecting the accessibility and expression of genomic loci shape bacterial genomes and are thus involved in bacterial evolution.
Published: 2016

29. Feline Aggression Toward People

Author: Jeannine M. Berger
Subjects: Aggression, medicine, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Developmental psychology
Published: 2016

30. Schlafstörungen

Author: D. Riemann and M. Berger
Published: 2015

31. An Atypical AAA+ ATPase Assembly Controls Efficient Transposition through DNA Remodeling and Transposase Recruitment

Author: Ernesto Arias-Palomo, James M. Berger, Arias-Palomo, Ernesto [0000-0001-6717-8717], Berger, James M. [0000-0003-0666-1240], Arias-Palomo, Ernesto, and Berger, James M.
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Models, Molecular, Transposable element, animal structures, Protein subunit, ATPase, Molecular Sequence Data, Transposases, Biology, DNA-binding protein, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adenosine Triphosphate, Insertion sequences, Amino Acid Sequence, Insertion sequence, Phylogeny, Transposase, Genetics, Bacteria, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), AAA proteins, DNA-Binding Proteins, chemistry, biology.protein, DNA Transposable Elements, Sequence Alignment, DNA
Abstract: 12 p.- 7 fig.-2 tab. supl. -15 fig. supl.-1 vid., Summary Transposons are ubiquitous genetic elements that drive genome rearrangements, evolution, and the spread of infectious disease and drug-resistance. Many transposons, such as Mu, Tn7, and IS21, require regulatory AAA+ ATPases for function. We use X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to show that the ATPase subunit of IS21, IstB, assembles into a clamshell-shaped decamer that sandwiches DNA between two helical pentamers of ATP-associated AAA+ domains, sharply bending the duplex into a 180° U-turn. Biochemical studies corroborate key features of the structure and further show that the IS21 transposase, IstA, recognizes the IstB•DNA complex and promotes its disassembly by stimulating ATP hydrolysis. Collectively, these studies reveal a distinct manner of higher-order assembly and client engagement by a AAA+ ATPase and suggest a mechanistic model where IstB binding and subsequent DNA bending primes a selected insertion site for efficient transposition, This work has been supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the “Programa Nacional de Movilidad de Recursos Humanos del Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011” from the Spanish Ministry of Education (to E.A.P.), and the NIGMS and Mathers Foundation (GM071747 and 9005-6422 to J.M.B.).
Published: 2015

32. An Earth Observation Land Data Assimilation System (EO-LDAS)

Author: Thomas Kaminski, J. Styles, Tristan Quaife, Philip Lewis, Jose Gomez-Dans, M. Berger, Nadine Gobron, and Jeffrey Settle
Subjects: Hyperparameter, Earth observation, Operator (computer programming), Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Data assimilation, Automatic differentiation, Computer science, Soil Science, State vector, Geology, Context (language use), Computers in Earth Sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: Current methods for estimating vegetation parameters are generally sub-optimal in the way they exploit information and do not generally consider uncertainties. We look forward to a future where operational dataassimilation schemes improve estimates by tracking land surface processes and exploiting multiple types of observations. Dataassimilation schemes seek to combine observations and models in a statistically optimal way taking into account uncertainty in both, but have not yet been much exploited in this area.\ud \ud The EO-LDAS scheme and prototype, developed under ESA funding, is designed to exploit the anticipated wealth of data that will be available under GMES missions, such as the Sentinel family of satellites, to provide improved mapping of land surface biophysical parameters. This paper describes the EO-LDAS implementation, and explores some of its core functionality. EO-LDAS is a weak constraint variational dataassimilationsystem. The prototype provides a mechanism for constraint based on a prior estimate of the state vector, a linear dynamic model, and EarthObservationdata (top-of-canopy reflectance here). The observation operator is a non-linear optical radiative transfer model for a vegetation canopy with a soil lower boundary, operating over the range 400 to 2500 nm. Adjoint codes for all model and operator components are provided in the prototype by automatic differentiation of the computer codes.\ud \ud In this paper, EO-LDAS is applied to the problem of daily estimation of six of the parameters controlling the radiative transfer operator over the course of a year (> 2000 state vector elements). Zero and first order process model constraints are implemented and explored as the dynamic model. The assimilation estimates all state vector elements simultaneously. This is performed in the context of a typical Sentinel-2 MSI operating scenario, using synthetic MSI observations simulated with the observation operator, with uncertainties typical of those achieved by optical sensors supposed for the data.\ud \ud The experiments consider a baseline state vector estimation case where dynamic constraints are applied, and assess the impact of dynamic constraints on the a posteriori uncertainties. The results demonstrate that reductions in uncertainty by a factor of up to two might be obtained by applying the sorts of dynamic constraints used here. The hyperparameter (dynamic model uncertainty) required to control the assimilation are estimated by a cross-validation exercise. The result of the assimilation is seen to be robust to missing observations with quite large data gaps.
Published: 2012

33. Crystallization and X-ray Structure Determination of an RNA-Dependent Hexameric Helicase

Author: James M. Berger and Nathan D. Thomsen
Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphatases, biology, RNA, Helicase, Random hexamer, Crystallography, X-Ray, RNA Helicase A, Article, Rec A Recombinases, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, ATP hydrolysis, biology.protein, Nucleic acid, Biophysics, Translocase, RNA Helicases, DNA
Abstract: Hexameric helicases couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis to processive movement along nucleic acids and are critical components of cells and many viruses. Molecular motion derives from ATP hydrolysis at up to six distinct catalytic centers, which is coupled to the coordinated action of translocation loops in the center of the hexamer. Due to the structural dynamics and catalytic complexity of hexameric helicases, few have been crystallized with a full complement of bound substrates, and instead tend to form crystals belonging to high-symmetry space groups that obscure the differences among catalytic subunits. We were able to overcome these difficulties and solve an asymmetric structure of the Rho transcription termination factor from Escherichia coli bound to ATP mimics and RNA. Here, we present some considerations used for crystallization of this hexameric helicase, discuss the utility of substrate-centric crystal-screening strategies, and outline a crystal-aging screen that allowed us to overcome the adverse effects of nonmerohedral twinning.
Published: 2012

34. Contributors

Author: Carla S. Alexander, Wendy G. Anderson, Peter Angelos, Robert M. Arnold, F. Amos Bailey, Al B. Benson, Ann M. Berger, Richard H. Bernstein, Susan Blacker, Alexander A. Boni-Saenz, Robert O. Bonow, Kerry W. Bowman, Eduardo Bruera, Robert Buckman, Toby C. Campbell, Elizabeth K. Chaitin, Anita Chakraborty, Harvey Max Chochinov, Alexie Cintron, Kenneth E. Covinsky, Maria Danilychev, Liliana De Lima, Christopher Della Santina, Arthur R. Derse, G. Michael Downing, Deborah J. Dudgeon, Geoffrey P. Dunn, Linda L. Emanuel, Robin L. Fainsinger, Frank D. Ferris, Russell Goldman, Hunter Groninger, Liz Gwyther, Melissa J. Hart, Joshua M. Hauser, Laura A. Hawryluck, Susan Hunt, Amna F. Husain, Bridget Margaret Johnston, Jennifer M. Kapo, Nuala P. Kenny, Sara J. Knight, Tapas Kundu, Stephen Liben, S. Lawrence Librach, Matthew J. Loscalzo, Bill Mah, Denise Marshall, Jeanne Marie Martinez, Rohtesh S. Mehta, Diane E. Meier, Seema Modi, Sandra Y. Moody, Daniela Mosoiu, Alvin H. Moss, Timothy J. Moynihan, J. Cameron Muir, Jeff Myers, Judith A. Paice, Robert Allan Pearlman, Tammie E. Quest, M.R. Rajagopal, Eva B. Reitschuler-Cross, Karen Glasser Scandrett, Corinne D. Schroder, R. Gary Sibbald, Arthur Siegel, Melissa Simon, Eliezer Soto, Helene Starks, Regina M. Stein, Vincent Thai, Maxwell T. Vergo, Elizabeth K. Vig, Annette M. Vollrath, Charles F. von Gunten, Jamie H. von Roenn, Roberto Daniel Wenk, and Kevin Y. Woo
Published: 2011

35. Autorenverzeichnis

Author: W. Domschke, M. Berger, W. Hohenberger, T. Meinertz, C. Vogelmeier, T. Sauerbruch, H.J. Kramer, S.C. Müller, H. Serve, M.M. Weber, B. Göke, J.R. Kalden, B. Manger, W. Rascher, B. Appenrodt, J. Atta, C. Auernhammer, I.B. Autenrieth, W. Avenhaus, M. Backmund, C. Bausewein, J. Behr, A. Behrens, R. Berner, F. Berr, N. Blank, E. Blind, M. Bockhorn, D. Bokemeyer, M. Böhm, G. Bönner, G.D. Borasio, K. Bork, J. Braun, H.-P. Bruch, T.H. Brümmendorf, U. Brunnberg, M. Brüwer, M.W. Büchler, C. Detter, S. Diederich, C. Diehm, J. Distler, D. Domagk, T. Dörner, H.-G. Dörr, H. Dralle, M. Dreyling, I. Ehlebracht-König, C. Ell, W. Enzensberger, H.-J. Epple, M. Fassnacht, H. Feußner, P. Fiegel, C. Fisang, D. Filipas, W. Fischbach, C.H. Flamme, J. Floege, U.R. Fölsch, C. Fottner, W. Frank, N. Frey, K. Friese, A. Frilling, M. Fröhner, P. Frühmorgen, P.R. Galle, S. Geidel, E. Genth, A. Gingelmaier, F.-D. Goebel, N. Gökbuget, R. Göke, K. Grabitz, M. Grünke, S. Hahner, W. Handrick, C. Hasslacher, E. Heidbreder, W. Heindel, V. Heinemann, J. Heitmann, H.W. Heiß, H. Hof, L. Hering, E. Hiller, A. Hirner, W.-K. Hofmann, E. Holler, A.H. Hölscher, G. Holtmann, J. Hölzen, J. Honegger, S. Hörle, K. Hörmann, R. Hörmann, I. Hornke, R.M. Huber, J. Hübner, R. Hummel, S. Irmscher, T. Jelinek, S. Jonas, E. Jost, H.H. Jung, G.J. Kahaly, M. Karaus, S. Katsoulis, H. Katus, H.P. Kessler, K. Kiehne, W. Kiess, M. Kindermann, Y. von Kodolitsch, H. Köhler, L. Köhler, M. Köhler, E. Kohne, H.-J. Kolb, J. Köninger, K. Koop, R. Köster, I. Kötter, H.J.J. Kramer, B. Kremer, P. Kroll, J.G. Kuipers, F. Lammert, M. Langer, M. Laukötter, H. Lehnert, B. Lembcke, M.M. Lerch, S. Liebe, A. Lieber, R. Loddenkemper, M. Löhr, H.-M. Lorenz, J. Lorenz, T. Löscher, M. Luster, G. Lux, K. Mann, J. Mayerle, U. Merle, H.-J. Meyer, C. Möbius, M. Moehler, H. Mönnikes, J. Mössner, S.A. Müller, T.J. Musholt, J. Nattermann, M. Neubrand, P. Neuhaus, B. Neundörfer, T. Nicolai, J. Nolde, H. Olschewski, J. Ostermeyer, C. Ott, S. Pahernik, U. Pankratius, K.G. Parhofer, B. Passlick, O. Pech, B. Pfaffenbach, T. Pfeiffer, A. Pilatz, T. Pohle, A. Pohl-Koppe, Katharina A. Ponto, H. Prange, A. Pruß, J. Rädle, B. Rauch, F. Raue, C. Reichel, C. Reindl, C. Reißfelder, Dipl.-Phys. J. Rendl, E. Rietschel, E. Rijcken, R. Roos, G. Rudofsky†, W. Samtleben, W. Sandmann, G. Sauter, K.P. Schaal, J.R. Schaefer, U. Schäfer-Graf, W. Schepp, M. Schlemmer, S. Schliep, H. Schmidt, B. Schmied, W. Schmiegel, A. Schießl, A. Schmid, A. Schneider, T. Schneider, J. Schölmerich, H. Scholz, U. Schönermarck, J. Schopohl, H. Schrezenmeier, H. Schulze-Koops, D. Schuppan, V. Schuster, G. Schüßler, O. Schwandner, T.F. Schwarz, R. Secknus, N. Senninger, O. Sezer, B.R. Simmen, U. Spengler, U. Stabenow-Lohbauer, R. Stebler, D. Steven, M. Sticherling, U. Strauch, C. Stremmel, W. Stremmel, B.A. Stuck, H. Stürz, C. Taube, O. Thulesius, K. Thurau, J.W. Thüroff, C. Tomiak, W. Uhl, D. Vallböhmer, T. Vogel, P. von den Driesch, F.M.E. Wagenlehner, A. Wagner, U. Wagner, K. Weber, W. Weidner, T. Weinke, B.T. Weis-Müller, M. Weiß, S. Willems, U. Wintergerst, M. Wirth, G.W. Wolkersdörfer, and M. Zeitz
Published: 2011

36. List of Contributors

Author: Moustafa Ahmed, A. Katie Allen, Penny Andrews, Djillali Annane, Valerie A. Arkoosh, John G.T. Augoustides, Joan R. Badia, Dimitry Baranov, Philip S. Barie, Adrian Barbul, John Bates, Simon V. Baudouin, Rinaldo Bellomo, Mette M. Berger, Yuval Bitan, Edward A. Bittner, Josée Bouchard, Pavan Brahmamdam, Jason Brainard, Aimee Brame, Benjamin Braslow, John Brennan, Veronica Brito, Alain F. Broccard, Naomi E. Cahill, Maurizio Cecconi, Maurizio Cereda, John Chandler, Jill Cherry-Bukowiec, Jason D. Christie, Terence M. Cone, Maya Contreras, David James Cooper, Craig M. Coopersmith, Bryan A. Cotton, Caitlin S. Curtis, Heidi Dalton, Tracey Dechert, Edwin A. Deitch, Clifford S. Deutschman, Carol Donagh, Todd Dorman, Tomas Drabek, Craig Dunlop, Charles G. Durbin, Soumitra R. Eachempati, Luminita Eid, Ali A. El Solh, John E. Ellis, E. Wesley Ely, Timothy W. Evans, Adam Fang, Niall Fanning, Niall D. Ferguson, Katherine Finan, Marianne Fitzgerald, Lee A. Fleisher, Noel M. Flynn, Jonathan K. Frogel, Wesley M. Garmon, Erik Garpestad, Gerd G. Gauglitz, Jane M. Gervasio, Anthony C. Gordon, Vicente Gracias, Jacob Gutsche, Nader M. Habashi, Rachel A. Hadler, Isaac Halickman, Scott D. Halpern, C. William Hanson, Patrick Hassett, J. Steven Hata, Ivan Hayes, Daren K. Heyland, Nicholas S. Hill, Eliotte Hirshberg, R. Duncan Hite, Daniel Holena, Steven M. Hollenberg, Jiri Horak, Richard S. Hotchkiss, John R. Hotchkiss, Marc G. Jeschke, Jeremy M. Kahn, Sunil Karhadkar, Mark T. Keegan, Rachel R. Kelz, Leo G. Kevin, Rachel G. Khadaroo, Kurt Kleinschmidt, Patrick M. Kochanek, W. Andrew Kofke, Benjamin A. Kohl, Jay L. Koyner, Corry J. Kucik, Kenneth A. Kudsk, John G. Laffey, David Lappin, Peter Le Roux, Joshua M. Levine, Richard J. Levy, Pamela A. Lipsett, Kathleen D. Liu, Conan MacDougall, Larami MacKenzie, Brian Marsh, John C. Marshall, Jeevendra A. Martyn, Michael A. Matthay, Mervyn Maze, Danny F. McAuley, Gráinne Mc Dermott, E.R. McFadden, Michael McKenny, James S. McKinney, Maureen O. Meade, Ravindra L. Mehta, Steven R. Messé, Ben Messer, Vivek K. Moitra, Alan H. Morris, Patrick T. Murray, Lena Napolitano, Patrick J. Neligan, Ana Paula Neves, Alistair Nichol, Michael S. Niederman, Sean A. Nix, Mark E. Nunnally, Rory O'Donoghue, Michael O'Connor, Hollis R. O'Neal, Anthony O'Regan, Michelle O'Shaughnessy, Mauro Oddo, Thida Ong, Steven M. Opal, Pratik P. Pandharipande, Eleni Patrozou, Ville Pettila, Vadim Pisarenko, Lauren A. Plante, David J. Powner, Jean-Charles Preiser, John P. Pryor, Caroline M. Quill, Madhav V. Rao, Lynn Redahan, Donal Reddan, Patrick M. Reilly, Andrew Rhodes, William P. Riordan, James A. Russell, Ho-Geol Ryu, Robert D. Sanders, Babak Sarani, Michael Scully, Chirag V. Shah, Adam Shiroff, Chuin Siau, Carrie A. Sims, Renee D. Stapleton, Kimberly D. Statler, S. Peter Stawicki, Andrew C. Steel, Thomas E. Stewart, Michelle L. Strong, Ramakrishnan Subramaniam, Rob Mac Sweeney, Kyla P. Terhune, Stephen R. Thom, Joss Thomas, Samuel A. Tisherman, Maria Tuccillo, Avery Tung, Shigehiko Uchino, Tatiana Veloso, Jean-Louis Vincent, Criona M. Walshe, Lorraine B. Ware, Edward Warren, Liza Weavind, Alan Weier, Yoram G. Weiss, Stuart Joel Weiss, Linda C. Wendell, Pauline Whyte, Jeanine Wiener-Kronish, Katherine Yang, and Zdravka Zafirova
Published: 2010

37. Collaborateurs

Author: Pierre Ainaud, Laurent Bargues, Mourad Benyamina, Mette M. Berger, Marc Bertin-Maghit, Eric Bey, Véronique Blettery, Fabienne Braye, Hervé Carsin, Kaled Chekaroua, René L. Chiolero, Marion Combris, Michel Costagliola, Odile Damour, Eric Dantzer, Vincent De Broucker, Christine Dhennin, Frank Duteille, Christian Echinard, Jean-Louis Foyatier, Nicolas Frasson, Olivier Gall, Jean-Pierre Girbon, Michel Guillot, Denis Jaudoin, Pierre Lacroix, Jacques Latarjet, Ariane Legaut, Charles Lévy, Christophe Magnin, Yves-Noël Marduel, Eric Martin, Ali Mojallal, Michel Moutran, Sami Otman, Haikel Oueslati, Michel Pannier, Jacqueline Payre, Gérard Perro, Pierre Perrot, François Ravat, Claude Roques, Nicolas Sens, Luc Téot, Christophe Vinsonneau, Delphine Vouilliaume, Daniel Wassermann, and Rémy Zilliox
Published: 2010

38. Does Trace Element Deficiency Develop in Critically Ill Patients? Should It Be Treated?

Author: Mette M. Berger
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Critically ill, Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, Trace element deficiency
Published: 2010

39. Effects of glucose ingestion on postprandial lipemia and triglyceride clearance in humans

Author: Jonathan C Cohen and G. M. Berger
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Fat Emulsions, Intravenous, Time Factors, Starch, QD415-436, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Eating, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Ingestion, Humans, Triglycerides, Triglyceride, Gastric emptying, Heparin, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Cell Biology, Metabolism, Dietary Fats, Lipoprotein Lipase, Postprandial, Glucose, chemistry, Urea, Female, Perfusion
Abstract: To determine whether the metabolism of diet-derived triglycerides (TG) is acutely regulated by the consumption of insulinogenic carbohydrates, we measured the effects of glucose ingestion on oral and intravenous fat tolerance, and on serum triglyceride concentrations obtained during duodenal fat perfusion. Postprandial lipemia was diminished by the ingestion of 50 g (148 +/- 121 mg.dl-1 x 7 h-1 vs 192 +/- 124 mg.dl-1 x 7 h-1, P less than 0.05) and 100 g (104 +/- 106 mg.dl-1 x 7 h-1 vs 171 +/- 104 mg.dl-1 x 7 h-1, P less than 0.05) glucose. Peak postprandial TG concentrations occurred later after meals containing glucose and fat than after meals containing fat alone. This effect could be reproduced when an iso-osmotic quantity of urea was substituted for glucose in the test meal. Starch ingestion had no discernible effect on postprandial lipemia. Intravenous fat tolerance was similar before (4.9 +/- 1.2%.min-1) and 2 h (4.4 +/- 1.3%.min-1) and 4 h (4.8 +/- 1.5%.min-1) after 50 g glucose ingestion. During duodenal fat perfusion, glucose ingestion caused a progressive decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations. These data suggest that glucose ingestion diminishes postprandial lipemia in a dose-dependent manner, but that this effect is not due to increased clearance of triglyceride from the circulation. The hypotriglyceridemic effects of glucose appear to reflect delayed gastric emptying and decreased hepatic secretion of triglyceride.
Published: 1990

40. Contributors

Author: Carla S. Alexander, Wendy Gabrielle Anderson, Peter Angelos, Robert M. Arnold, Al B. Benson, Ann M. Berger, Stephen L. Berger, Richard H. Bernstein, Alexander A. Boni-Saenz, Robert O. Bonow, Kerry Bowman, Frank J. Brescia, Eduardo Bruera, Robert Buckman, Toby C. Campbell, David J. Casarett, Elizabeth Chaitin, Alexie Cintron, Sharon Coleman, Kenneth E. Covinsky, Maria Danilychev, Liliana de Lima, Christopher Della Santina, Arthur R. Derse, Deborah J. Dudgeon, Linda L. Emanuel, Robin L. Fainsinger, Frank Douglas Ferris, J. Hunter Groninger, Elizabeth Gwyther, Melissa J. Hart, Joshua M. Hauser, Laura Hawryluck, Susan Hunt, Stephen Jenkinson, Charmaine M. Jones, Jennifer Kapo, Nuala P. Kenny, Sara J. Knight, Stephen Liben, S. Lawrence Librach, Matthew J. Loscalzo, Jeanne M. Martinez, Diane E. Meier, Seema Modi, Sandra Y. Moody-Ayers, Daniela Mosoiu, Alvin H. Moss, Timothy J. Moynihan, J. Cameron Muir, Judith A. Paice, Robert A. Pearlman, Tammie E. Quest, M.R. Rajagopal, Corinne D. Schroder, Arthur Siegel, Helene Starks, Kim Stefaniuk, Regina M. Stein, Vincent Thai, Elizabeth K. Vig, Annette M. Vollrath, Charles F. von Gunten, Jamie H. Von Roenn, and Roberto Wenk
Published: 2007

41. Chapter 5 A there-function model reaction for designing DeNOx catalysts

Author: P. Da Costa, Gérald Djéga-Mariadassou, M. Berger, H. Pernot, J. W. Park, O. Gorce, Cyril Thomas, and C. Potvin
Subjects: Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Photochemistry, Oxygen, Dissociation (chemistry), Catalysis, Metal, Adsorption, chemistry, Transition metal, Catalytic cycle, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, NOx
Abstract: A three-function catalyst model for hydrocarbon SCR of NOx is described, based on experimental evidence for each function, during temperature-programmed surface reactions (TPSR). The release of N2 occurs within function 3. It involves the dissociation of NOx (via a dinitrosyl-adsorbed intermediate), followed by subsequent formation of N2 and scavenging of the adsorbed oxygen species left from NO dissociation. The removal of adsorbed oxygen is due to the total oxidation of an activated reductant (CxHyOz). This reaction corresponds to ‘a supported homogeneous catalytic process’ involving a surface transition metal complex. The corresponding catalytic sequence of elementary steps occurs in the coordinative sphere of the metal cation. A function 2 has to turn over simultaneously to function 3. It has to deliver the active reductant species CxHyOz to function 3, at the temperature where function-3 cycle turns over. Function 2 is the mild oxidation of HC (or any initial oxygenate) by N02, through organic nitrogen-containing intermediates (RNOJ. The very important feature is that these RNOx species are quite thermally instable: they decompose with temperature to CxHyOz + NO (not to N2), according to the following global equation: HC(orCxHyOz)+NO2=Cx'Hy'Oz'+NO It is therefore obvious that functions 2 and 3 have to turn over simultaneously. Nevertheless, at the molecular level, these two functions are not in the same catalytic cycle. A function 1 has also to turn over simultaneously with functions 2 and 3, as it has to provide N02 to function 2. The oxidation of NO to N02 is therefore the first function of any efficient catalyst. The concept of ‘simultaneous turn over’ between catalytic functions in multi-functional catalysis is widely accepted (for instance, in bi-functional metal/acid transformation of alkanes), and this aspect of the proposed mechanism is a ‘normal’ behaviour in steady state.
Published: 2007

42. Autorenverzeichnis

Author: V. Andresen, J. Angenendt, C. Anthoni, B. Appenrodt, M. Arbogast, G. Arco, J. Atta, M. Auer, C. Auernhammer, I.B. Autenrieth, W. Avenhaus, R. Bachem, M. Backmund, D. Bänsch, A. Ballauff, J. Baltzer, J. Barth, A. Batra, M.A. Bazarra-Castro, S. Beck, K. Becker, Karsten Becker, J. Behr, A. Behrens, O. Belyaev, Ch. Bender-Götze, J. Bengel, M. Benz, von Haunerschen, J. Berberich, M. Berger, R. Berner, F. Berr, null S.C., N. Blank, C. Bleh, Eberhard Blind, H.E. Blum, N. Bock, M. Bockhorn, J. Böhler, M. Böhm, D. Bokemeyer, G. Bönner, K. Bork, G. Born, Thomas Brandt, J. Braun, H.-P. Bruch, T.H. Brümmendorf, M. Brüwer, U. Brunnberg, M. Buchfelder, G. Buchkremer, M.W. Büchler, H.-D. Carl, S. Castell, C. Daniels, S. Daum, C. Detter, G. Deuschl, E. Dieckmann, S. Diederich, C. Diehm, T. Diemer, H.C. Diener, H. Diepolder, J. Distler, T. Dörner, null Prof. Dr., D. Domagk, W. Domschke, A. Dragu, H. Dralle, M. Dreyling, P. van, T. Dürk, D. Ebert, I. Ehlebracht-König, C.E. Elger, C. Ell, J. Ellinger, G. Emons, O. Engel, W. Enzensberger, H.-J. Epple, R. Erbel, M. Fassnacht, Hubertus Feußner, M. Fichter, P. Fiegel, D. Filipas, C. Fisang, M. Fisch, W. Fischbach, N. Fischer, M. Fischer, C.H. Flamme, K. Fleckenstein, J. Floege, G. Fluhr, U.R. Fölsch, M. Forsting, C. Fottner, W. Frank, N. Frey, H. Freyberger, K. Friese, A. Frilling, PD. Dr. habil, U. Frommberger, P. Frühmorgen, Johannes Fuss, R. Gätje, P.R. Galle, S. Geidel, H.-Ch. Geiß, Ekkehard Genth, J.M. Gilsbach, A. Gingelmaier, F.-D. Goebel, J. Göhl, N. Gökbuget, R. Gold, M.A. Gonzalez-Carmona, F. Gossé, K. Grabitz, M. Greetfeld, F.A. Gries, I. Grosch-Wörner, N. Grüner, M. Grünke, A. Grüters-Kieslich, V. Gülberg, T. Haak, R. Häfner, M. Härter, T. Hagenacker, S. Hahn, S. Hahner, G. Haidl, M. Hammer, F. Hammersen, W. Handrick, F. Hanisch, M.P. Hansen, Sara Hanke, J. Haschka, C. Hasslacher, Th. Hauer, A. Hauptmann, M. Heckmann, E. Heidbreder, U. Heim, W. Heindel, J. Heitmann, U. Hegenbart, W. Hermann, J.M. Herrmann, B. Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. Heßlinger, D. Heuß, P. Heußner, E. Hiller, A. Hirner, A.H. Hölscher, J. Hölzen, W.H. Hörl†, S. Hörle, H. Hof, W.-K. Hofmann, W. Hohenberger, U. Hohenfellner, E. Holler, G. Holtmann, J. Honegger, H.C. Hopf, R.E. Horch, I. Hornke, T. Hornung, R.M. Huber, A. Hueber, J. Hübner, R. Hummel, S. Irmscher, O.E. Janßen, T. Jelinek, K.A. Jendrissek, S. Jonas, E. Jost, H.H. Jung, G.J. Kahaly, J.R. Kalden, J. Kalff, T. Kapellen, M. Karaus, O. Kastrup, S. Katsoulis, H. Katus, C.P. Kaudel, R. Kaulitz, C. Keck, F. Keller, S. Kellnar, K. Kiehne, W. Kiess, M. Kindermann, A. Kirschbaum, M. Klein, A. Kleindienst, C. Kneitz, Y. von Kodolitsch, D. Köhler, H.P. Kessler, G. Köhler, H. Köhler, L. Köhler, M. Köhler, M. Köhnke, C. Königs, J. Köninger, D. Könsgen-Mustea, R. Köster, I. Kötter, E. Kohne, H.-J. Kolb, S. Koletzko, R. Kollmar, S. Konstantinidis, K. Koop, H.G. Kopp, T. Koschinsky, H.J. Kramer, J. Krauss, M.E. Kreis, B. Kremer, H.K. Kroemer, B. Kröner-Herwig, P. Kroll, A.K. Külz, H. Kuhl, J.G. Kuipers, M. Laaser, U. Lamla, F. Lammert, M. Langer, M. Laß, M. Laukötter, P. Layer, M. Leffler, H. Lehnert, M. Lehrke, B. Lembcke, M.M. Lerch, S. Liebe, A. Lieber, V. Limmroth, H. Lochs, R. Loddenkemper, J.-M. Löhr, T. Löscher, A. Loh, H.-M. Lorenz, J. Lorenz, N. Lügering, M. Luster, G. Lux, O. Luzar, A. Maercker, K. Magdorf, P. Mallmann, T. Marth, K. May, J. Mayerle, T. Meinertz, V. Melichar, U. Merle, H.J. Meyer, Th. Meyer, H. Meyer-Lehnert, A. Meyer-Marcotty, H. Michels, C. Möbius, G. Möddel, M. Möhler, H. Mönnikes, J. Mössner, M.G. Mohaupt, S.C. Müller, S.A. Müller, S. Müller-Lissner, J. Müller-Quernheim, A. Muntau, T.J. Musholt, W. Nacimiento, J. Nattermann, G. Nelles, M. Neubrand, C. Neuhäuser, P. Neuhaus, P.-A. Neumann, B. Neundörfer, T. Nicolai, W.-B. Niebling, T. Niehues, G. Nilius, J. Nolde, J. Noth, H. Olschewski, J. Ostermeyer, C. Ott, S. Pahernik, D. Palmes, U. Pankratius, K. Parhofer, R. Paschke, B. Passlick, O. Pech, F.W. Pelster, E.E. Petersen, E. Petri, B. Pfaffenbach, M. Pfeifer, T. Pfeiffer, H.W. Pfister, null Diplom-Gesundheitswirt, J. Pickel, A. Pilatz, M. Pirlich, E. Polykandriotis, B. Pontz, K. Possinger, A. Pohl-Koppe, T. Pohle, H. Prange, A. Prasse, A. Pruß, J. Rädle, K. Raile, W. Randerath, W. Rascher, B. Rauch, F. Raue, B. Raziorruh, J. Rech, A.C. Regierer, C. Reichel, C. Reindl, D. Reinhardt, C. Reißfelder, J. Rendl, M. Reuss-Borst, P. Rieckmann, C. Riedner, E. Rietschel, E. Rijcken, M. Rister, K. Rödder, S. Rogenhofer, F.C. Roos, R. Roos, D. Rosskopf, S. Rudnik-Schöneborn, G. Rudofsky†, M. Ruhnke, M. Ruß, C.F. Rust, F. Saborowski, M. Sailer, M. Sedigh Salakdeh, Walter Samtleben, W. Sandmann, T. Sauerbruch, K.P. Schaal, G. Schackert, U. Schäfer-Graf, M. Schäfers, A. Schalhorn, W. Schepp, J. Schetelig, M. Schifferdecker, J. Schipper, A. Schießl, U. Schlegel, S. Schliep, A. Schmid, P. Schmid, F. Schmidt, B. Schmied, W. Schmiegel, A. Schneider, T. Schneider, C. Schneider-Gold, H.-G. Schnürch, J. Schölmerich, U. Schönermarck, B. Schönhofer, S. Schönland, H. Scholz, J. Schopohl, G. Schott, J. Schrader, A. Schraml, H. Schrezenmeier, A. Schuchert, G. Schüßler, H. Schulze-Koops, D. Schuppan, V. Schuster, S. Schwab, O. Schwandner, C.H.M. Schwarz, T.F. Schwarz, K.W. Schweppe, R. Secknus, S.E. Segerer, N. Senninger, H. Serve, U. Seybold, O. Sezer, B. Siegmund, W. Siegmund, G. Siemon, B.R. Simmen, G. Simonetti, C. Sommer, U. Spengler, H. Sprott, U. Stabenow-Lohbauer, M. Stahl, G. Stalla, A. Stallmach, T. Stammschulte, R. Stebler, R. Stein, D. Steven, M. Sticherling, M. Stöhr, U. Strauch, A. Strauss, H.-G. Strauß, C. Stremmel, W. Stremmel, M. Strupp, E. Stüber, H. Stürz, U. Sure, B. Swoboda, C. Taube, K. Thiel, C. Thomssen, K. Thurau, J. Thöne, J. Thüroff, C. Tomiak, K.V. Toyka, H. Tröger, R.M. Trüeb, M. Tryba, W. Uhl, H. Ullerich, L. Unger, D. Vallböhmer, D. van Calker, T. Vloet, U. Voderholzer, Thomas M.K. Völkl, T. Vogel, P. Vogt, F.E.M. Wagenlehner, A. Wagner, U. Wagner, V. Wahn, C.W. Wallesch, F. Watzka, K. Weber, L. Weber, M.M. Weber, T. Wehrmann, W. Weidner, T. Weinke, M. Weiß, B.T. Weis-Müller, Michael Weller, F. Wenz, K. Werdan, M. Wettstein, M. Wick, I. Wiegratz, S. Willems, H. Wilke, U. Wintergerst, M. Wirth, G.W. Wolkersdörfer, C. Wüster, F. Zabel, H. Zeidler, M. Zeitz, K. Zerres, G. Ziemer, S. Zierz, T. Zimmermann, and J. Zwerina
Published: 2007

43. Nutritional Support

Author: René Chioléro, Mette M. Berger, and Ludivine Soguel
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, business
Published: 2006

44. Contributors

Author: Sheila Adam, Neill Adhikari, William C. Aird, Amalia Alcón, Peter Andrews, Massimo Antonelli, Soja Anubkumar, Andrea Arcangeli, Vicente Arroyo, Andrew J. Baker, Robert P. Baughman, Judith Bellapart, Rinaldo Bellomo, Mette M. Berger, Maria Grazia Bocci, Malte Book, Josep M. Bordas, Luca Brazzi, Timothy G. Buchman, Christian Byhahn, B. Cabello, Pietro Caironi, Anselmo Caricato, Andre F. Charest, René L. Chioléro, Davide Chiumello, Chung-Wai Chow, Vanessa Cobb, Stephen M. Cohn, Timothy Cross, Marc de Moya, Yves Debaveye, Paul Dorian, Gregory P. Downey, Philippe Eggimann, Björn Ellger, E. Wesley Ely, Àngels Escorsell, Neus Fábregas, Vito Fanelli, Faust Feu, Bernard G. Fikkers, Joseph A. Fisher, Marco Fontanella, Ognjen Gajic, Luciano Gattinoni, Gordon Giesbrecht, Pere Ginès, Salvatore Grasso, Thorsteinn Gunnarsson, Richard Haddon, Mitchell L. Halperin, C. William Hargett, Michael Hiesmayr, Ken Hillman, Frank Hubbell, Rolf D. Hubmayr, Leonard D. Hudson, Richard L. Hughes, Robert M. Kacmarek, Kamel S. Kamel, Catherine L. Kelleher, Sungmin Kiem, Sven Klaschik, Anil Kumar, Donald W. Landry, Stephen E. Lapinsky, Lutz Eric Lehmann, Mitchell M. Levy, Patricia C.Y. Liaw, Shih-Hua Lin, Stuart L. Linas, José A. Lorente, John M. Luce, Thomas Luecke, Edward H. Maa, Sheldon Magder, Atul Malhotra, Jordi Mancebo, Iqwal Mangat, John C. Marshall, Antoni Mas, Luciana Mascia, Eric M. Massicotte, Greg McAnulty, Maureen Meade, Thomas John Morgan, Matthew T. Naughton, Santiago Nogué-Xarau, James O'Beirne, Juan A. Oliver, Ilkka Parviainen, Paolo Pelosi, Michael R. Pinsky, Margaret A. Pisani, Didier Pittet, Christian Putensen, Graham Ramsay, Andrew Rhodes, Claudio Ronco, Charis Roussos, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Lewis Rubinson, Joshua Rucker, Miguel Sánchez, Eduardo Sanjurjo-Golpe, Hugo Sax, Jerome J. Schentag, Jens-Christian Schewe, Daniel Schmidlin, Paul T. Schumacker, Dror Soffer, Ludivine Soguel, Ulrike Stamer, R. Scott Stephens, Frank Stüber, Peter M. Suter, Jukka Takala, Victor F. Tapson, Charles H. Tator, Carlos Terra, Aldo Torre, Antoni Torres, David V. Tuxen, Ilker Uçkay, Franco Valenza, Greet Van den Berghe, Theodoros Vassilakopoulos, Jesús Villar, Christopher Wallace, Stefan Weber, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Julia Wendon, Charles M. Wiener, Stephan Windecker, Hermann Wrigge, and Richard G. Wunderink
Published: 2006

45. Juvenile Hormone Molecular Actions and Interactions During Development of Drosophila melanogaster

Author: Edward B. Dubrovsky and Edward M. Berger
Subjects: Genetics, Regulation of gene expression, biology, Drosophilidae, fungi, Juvenile hormone, Transcriptional regulation, Drosophila melanogaster, biology.organism_classification, Gene, Drosophila, Pupariation
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the understanding of the molecular mechanism of juvenile hormone (JH) action in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. It details the growing evidence that JH acts primarily at the level of gene expression and does so in apparently two different ways—directly, as a transcriptional regulator of JH ‘‘target genes,’’ and indirectly, as a suppressor of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E)‐dependent transcriptional regulation. As Drosophila has emerged as a model genetic system for the analysis of insect hormone action, the chapter particularly emphasizes on the analysis of mutants that have proved useful for acquiring understanding of insect hormone action during development and reproduction. 20E and JH also have important functions in the adult, promoting both reproductive maturation and the stereotyped patterns of mating behavior. The chapter discusses the features of the three hormones that are relevant for understanding of JH function. The regulatory interplay between JH and 20E defines the outcome of each developmental transition in the insect life cycle. 20E initiates each transition from larva‐to-pupa‐to‐adult, and JH determines the nature of the transition. In Drosophila, at the end of the third instar, 20E acting in the absence of JH causes dramatic changes in the genetic programs leading to pupariation, and the BR‐C gene is known to play a key role in this process.
Published: 2005

46. Cardiac Surgery

Author: Mette M. Berger and René Chioléro
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, business, Surgery, Cardiac surgery
Published: 2005

47. Self-lubricating dry rubbing bearings-fundamentals and methods of calculation

Author: M. Berger, F. Mueller, and L. Deters
Subjects: Contact angle, Materials science, Shear stress, Shear strength, Lubrication, Modulus, Composite material, Lubricant, Deformation (engineering), Rubbing
Abstract: Following a general discussion about the construction and the lubrication mechanisms of compound bearings made of a steel backing with a porous bronze layer filled with a PTFE/solid lubricant mixture, problems in conjunction with the use of pU diagrams are pointed out. Instead of pU values parameters such as the overlap ratio, the compressive strain or the shear stress ratio for example which are imporant, for a reliable design of dry rubbing bearings are represented then. As basis for the friction calculation a relationship between the shear stress ratio and the quotient of the compressive strain and the overlap ratio was experimentally found and the temperature-dependent curves of the Young's modulus and of the shear strength of PTFE are shown. After that, the contact angle influenced by deformation, wear and temperature rise is examined and an approximation equation for determining the contact angle is introduced. A method for calculating temperature, friction and working life of dry rubbing bearings that is based on theoretically and experimentally established data is offered afterwards. In addition the positive effect of a wear particle trap is demonstrated. Finally, calculation examples show the mode of operation of the calculation method.
Published: 2003

48. [17] Screening techniques for lipase catalyst selection

Author: U. Goergens, C. Waldinger, K. Laumen, M. Berger, U. Ader, B. Haase, M. P. Schneider, J. Hermann, R. Seemayer, and P. Andersch
Subjects: Screening techniques, Biochemistry, biology, Chemistry, biology.protein, Substrate (chemistry), Biochemical engineering, Lipase, Catalysis
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes important types of screening experiments commonly to be executed in laboratories engaged in the synthetic applications of lipases. Faced with the necessity of finding the most suitable lipase for the solution of a synthetic problem, organic chemists usually have to address one of the following: (1) adopting an “established” lipase with known selectivities and substrate tolerance toward the transformation of a given substrate; (2) finding the best lipase among commercially available enzymes for the conversion of a given target molecule; (3)finding a new lipase for the conversion of a defined target molecule; and (4) most likely of interest mainly to enzyme producers and in an attempt to make new lipases with interesting properties available to the scientific community, screening lipases—or microorganisms producing such enzymes—for their substrate tolerance, enantioselectivity, solvent dependence, and other properties. The chapter aims to inform the important issues related to the application of these enzymes.
Published: 1997

49. [19] Ester synthesis via acyl transfer (Transesterification)

Author: M. Lobell, C. Waldinger, M. Berger, K. Laumen, M. P. Schneider, P. Andersch, R. Seemayer, and J. Hermann
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Substrate (chemistry), Molecule, Regioselectivity, Organic chemistry, Organic synthesis, Transesterification, Organic chemist
Abstract: Publisher Summary Lipases are probably at present the most widely used biocatalysts in organic synthesis. Many of them are commercially available, they are frequently stable toward elevated temperatures and organic solvents, and they are easy to handle. Due to their high enantio- and regioselectivities, broad substrate tolerance and versatility in catalyzing both hydrolyses and esterifications, these enzymes have developed in the last decade into high efficient tools in the hands of the organic chemist. With the main focus on lipase-catalyzed esterifications via acyl transfer (transesterification), this chapter describes numerous examples for such reactions as applied to a wide variety of structurally different hydroxy compounds. The examples range from the preparation of enantiomerically pure molecules via kinetic resolutions and enantiotope differentiations, respectively, all the way to regioselective functionalizations of natural products, such as carbohydrates and nucleosides.
Published: 1997

50. PHOTOOXIDATION OF 2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE AND DNA BY PHTHALOCYANINES AND NAPHTHALOCYANINES: IDENTIFICATION OF TYPE I AND TYPE II PHOTOPRODUCTS

Author: Jean-Luc Ravanat, J. E. van Lier, M. Berger, Jean Cadet, and Réjean Langlois
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Stereochemistry, Deoxyguanosine, Identification (biology), DNA
Published: 1991

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