A case of fungal peritonitis in a patient with paramalignant ascites

Here, we present the case of a patient with a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor with cytologically negative ascites treated for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Ascitic cultures remained negative for bacterial growth but were positive for Candida albicans 8 days after SBP diagnosis. ß-D-glucan was only positive in ascites, while being negative in blood. Blood cultures remained negative throughout the whole admission. Fungal peritonitis presumably originated from an impending bowl perforation or an increasing vascular permeability caused by an increase in VEGF secondary to diffuse infiltration by the underlying malignant disease.