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Populations undergoing extensive and rapid socio-economic transitions including historically disadvantaged communities face an increased risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D). In recent years, sedentary behavior and physical inactivity have been considered modifiable determinants when developing primary prevention programs to reduce T2D incidence. Reunion Island is a French overseas department with an increasing T2D population and a high level of socio-economic inequality. The objectives of our study were to identify the individual, social, and environmental factors associated with sedentary behavior and physical inactivity among the Reunion Island adult population, and to highlight these findings in order to propose T2D primary prevention strategies aiming at alleviating local social inequalities in health (SIH). In 2021, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional telephone survey using random sampling. Participants included adults over 15 years old living in ordinary accommodation on Reunion Island (n = 2,010). Using a sequential approach, multinomial logistic regression model (explaining 3 profiles of interest: sedentary/inactive, sedentary/active, non-sedentary/inactive), and sampling-design weighted estimates, we found that 53.9% [95% confidence interval: 51.1 to 56.7%] of participants had sedentary behavior and 20.1% [95% CI: 17.8 to 22.5%] were inactive. Abandoning physical activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001), final secondary school diploma or above (p = 0.005), student as professional status (p≤0.005) and living in fewer poor neighborhoods located far from city centers (p = 0.030) were four conditions independently associated with sedentary/inactive and/or sedentary/active profiles. Based on these findings, to help reduce SIH, we used a typology of actions based on the underlying theoretical interventions including four main action categories: strengthening individuals (using person-based strategies), strengthening communities, improving living and working conditions, and promoting health-based macro-policies. Our findings suggest several directions for reducing lifestyle risk factors and enhancing T2D primary prevention programs targeting psychosocial, behavioral, and structural exposures., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Fianu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

This study evaluated the impact of silver particles, suspended in Arnica montana flower extract, on the physicochemical characteristics and release dynamics of antioxidant compounds in PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone)-based hydrogel systems. The hydrogels were synthesized via photopolymerization with fixed amounts of crosslinker (PEGDA) and photoinitiator, while the concentration of the silver-infused extract was systematically varied. Key properties, including the density, porosity, surface roughness, swelling capacity, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), were quantitatively analyzed. The results demonstrated that increasing the silver content reduced the hydrogel density from 0.6669 g/cm3 to 0.2963 g/cm3 and increased the porosity from 4% to 11.04%. The surface roughness parameters (Ra) rose from 8.42 µm to 16.33 µm, while the WVTR increased significantly from 65.169 g/m2·h to 93.772 g/m2·h. These structural changes directly influenced the release kinetics of antioxidant compounds, with kinetic modeling revealing silver-dependent variations in the evaluated release mechanisms. This innovative approach of integrating silver particles and plant-derived antioxidants into hydrogels highlights a novel pathway for tailoring material properties. The observed enhanced porosity and moisture regulation underscore the hydrogels' potential for biomedical applications, particularly in wound care, where controlled moisture and antioxidant delivery are critical. These findings provide new insights into how silver particles modulate hydrogel structures and functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality and chiral phenomena associated with electromagnetic waves universally arise across many different forms, which involve transitions between states with opposite symmetries. Recently, adaptive chirality (the post-induced chirality in initial achiral environments by asymmetric guests) has undergone a burgeoning development owing to the multitasking features of tetraphenylethene (TPE) faces restricted in particular chemical buildings. Conceptually, initial achiral hosts bearing TPE commutable helical units (P/M forms) can interface with enantiopure guests to produce supramolecular asymmetric luminophores (CPL-active molecules). In these terms, a robust interpretation of these chiroptical events is yet to be computationally provided. In this study, we provide a solid and accessible computational workflow able to accurately predict the circularly polarized luminescence spectra of TPE-based hosts with stereogenic chiral guests (deoxyribonucleotide monophosphate homo-dimers, dipeptide homo-pairs and organic acids). In virtue of a preliminary DFT benchmark, we decided to use the ωB97XD functional to realize a conformational investigation of H-bonded chiral multicomponents encapsulated within TPE-based architectures in the first excited state by means of Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. Finally, an extensive TD-DFT examination concerning exchange–correlation functionals and basis sets revealed the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level as the most precise and transferable method to meticulously model the CPL sign, band shape and peak position in TPE-based chiral reconfigurable host–guest complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a paucity of literature analyzing the impact of fatigue from actual competitive soccer match-play on measures of neuromuscular function and muscle damage markers in youth players. Aims The main purpose was to analyze the acute pre- and post-competitive soccer match-play changes in measures of landing mechanics, stretch-shortening cycle capability, physical performance, muscle damage, and match intensity. A secondary purpose was to explore whether the players' maturity status and chronological age were associated with post-soccer match-play responses. Methods Thirty-two male youth outfield soccer players from two chronological competition age groups (U14 and U16) were assessed pre-and post-competitive soccer match-play for 2D dynamic knee valgus at landing (DKV), leg stiffness, reactive strength index, 20 m sprint time, CMJ-Abalakov jump height, creatine kinase and urea activity and visual analogue scale for muscle soreness (VAS). Players' maturity status was also estimated using a previously validated regression equation. Results There were statistically significant (p < 0.05) post-competitive soccer match-play impairments in all measures of stretch-shortening cycle capability and muscle damage markers assessed irrespective of the age group. Likewise, significant post-match play alterations in landing mechanics (DKV of the dominant leg) and physical performance (sprint time and jump height) scores were documented for the U14 players. Significant interactions between maturity and landing mechanics and VAS responses to competitive soccer match-play were also found whereby more mature players demonstrated larger post-match changes. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest the existence of a negative influence of competitive match-play on neuromuscular function and muscle damage in youth soccer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embodied cognition asserts a symbiotic relationship between cognitive processes and the physical body, raising an intriguing question: could personality traits be intertwined with the biomechanical performance of the lower limb? This study aimed to explore this connection by examining how personality traits, assessed using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), relate to lower limb rebound power (RP) measured through the five-repetition rebound jump test. Eighty participants completed two sessions: a biomechanical analysis of hopping using an Optojump® system to measure contact time, flight time, and RP, and a personality traits assessment categorizing traits across four MBTI axes: extraversion-introversion (favorite world); sensing-intuition (information processing preference); thinking-feeling (decision making); and judging-perceiving (structure). Participant characteristics did not significantly differ across MBTI axes (p≥0.07), minimizing potential confounding factors. Notably, individuals classified as intuitive showed significantly longer flight times (p = 0.02) and larger RP (p = 0.007) compared to sensing individuals, suggesting a greater reliance on the fast stretch-shortening cycle and showcasing superior use of their lower limb structures as springs. This suggests potential implications for sports performance, with intuition individuals possibly excelling in plyometric sports. However, no significant associations were found between biomechanical performance and the other three MBTI axes (p≥0.12), challenging the initial hypothesis. This research provides initial insights into the nuanced relationship between personality traits and movement patterns, indicating the potential for tailored physical interventions to enhance adherence and optimize responses in training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove the existence of weak solutions for a class of second-order traffic models with relaxation, without requiring the sub-characteristic stability condition to hold. With the help of numerical simulations, we show how, in this unstable setting, large but bounded oscillations may arise from small perturbations of equilibria, thus reproducing the formation of stop-and-go waves commonly observed in traffic dynamics. An analysis of the corresponding traveling waves completes the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: High Monomeric Polyphenols Berries Extract (HMPBE) is a formula highly rich in polyphenols clinically proven to enhance learning and memory. It is currently used to enhances cognitive performance including accuracy, working memory and concentration. Methods: Here, we investigated for the first time the beneficial effects of HMPBE in a mouse model of acute and chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results: HMPBE, at the dose of 15 mg/kg was able to reduce histological alteration as well as inflammation and lipid peroxidation. HMPBE ameliorate TBI by improving Nrf-2 pathway, reducing Nf-kb nuclear translocation and apoptosis, and ameliorating behavioral alteration such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, in the chronic model of TBI, HMPBE administration restored the decline of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) and the accumulation of a-synuclein into the midbrain region. This finding correlates the beneficial effect of HMPBE administration with the onset of parkinsonism related to traumatic brain damage. Conclusions: The data may open a window for developing new support strategies to limit the neuroinflammation event of acute and chronic TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient drug delivery methods are crucial in modern pharmacotherapy to enhance treatment efficacy, minimize adverse effects, and improve patient compliance. Particularly in the context of glioblastoma treatment, there has been a recent surge in interest in using natural dietary components as innovative carriers for drug delivery. These food-derived carriers, known for their safety, biocompatibility, and multifunctional properties, offer significant potential in overcoming the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. This article thoroughly overviews numerous natural dietary components, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, used as drug carriers. Their mechanisms of action, applications in different drug delivery systems, and specific benefits in targeting glioblastoma are examined. Additionally, the safety, biocompatibility, and regulatory considerations of employing food components in drug formulations are discussed, highlighting their viability and future prospects in the pharmaceutical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast tumor‐initiating cells (BTICs) of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues actively repair DNA and are resistant to treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Herein, it is found that a previously reported secreted protein, sclerostin domain containing 1 (SOSTDC1), is abundantly expressed in BTICs of TNBC cells and positively correlated with a poor patient prognosis. SOSTDC1 knockdown impairs homologous recombination (HR) repair, BTIC maintenance, and sensitized bulk cells and BTICs to Olaparib. Mechanistically, following Olaparib treatment, SOSTDC1 translocates to the nucleus in an importin‐α dependent manner. Nuclear SOSTDC1 interacts with the N‐terminus of the nucleoprotein, chromatin helicase DNA‐binding factor (CHD1), to promote HR repair and BTIC maintenance. Furthermore, nuclear SOSTDC1 bound to β‐transducin repeat‐containing protein (β‐TrCP) binding motifs of CHD1 is found, thereby blocking the β‐TrCP‐CHD1 interaction and inhibiting β‐TrCP‐mediated CHD1 ubiquitination and degradation. Collectively, these findings identify a novel nuclear SOSTDC1 pathway in regulating HR repair and BTIC maintenance, providing insight into the TNBC therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barbell squats are commonly utilized in resistance training for rehabilitation, daily living enhancement, and improving sports performance. The current study investigated the kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) parameters in the squat between sexes across different repetition ranges (1-, 3-, 6-, and 10-RM) among recreationally strength-trained subjects. A total of 26 subjects (13 men: age 25 ± 3.5 years, height 178.2 ± 5.8 cm, weight 82.3 ± 9.1 kg; 13 women: age 24 ± 4.1 years, height 165.4 ± 6.3 cm, weight 68.2 ± 8.7 kg) participated in the study. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The findings revealed no sex-specific differences in average barbell velocity across repetition ranges. However, the 1-RM showed a significantly lower average velocity compared to the final repetition of other repetition ranges (p<0.001), with the last repetition at 10-RM revealing a significantly higher velocity (p<0.001). Women had greater maximal angular hip extension velocity in the final repetitions of the 6- and 10-RM (p≤0.035, ηp2≤0.20), while both sexes displayed lower maximal angular knee extension velocity in the final repetition of the 10-RM (p = 0.028, ηp2 = 0.15). Moreover, men had lower EMG amplitude in the rectus femoris (3- and 10-RM), soleus, and lateral vastus (10-RM) compared to women (p≥0.011, ηp2≥0.26). It was concluded that 10-RM differed greatly in kinematics and EMG, suggesting different fatigue mechanisms compared to other repetition ranges with heavier loads. Furthermore, sex differences in EMG and angular hip extension velocity might imply sex-specific fatiguing mechanisms during high-repetition squats. These considerations could be important when prescribing training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare thyroid neoplasm characterized by aggressiveness and a high mortality rate. Troxerutin (Trox) is a bioflavonoid widely found in various fruits and vegetables with numerous protective effects, including anticancer activities. To evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of Trox, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted in a model of ATC. Human ATC 8305C cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of Trox (10 μg/mL, 30 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 300 μg/mL), and our results revealed that Trox treatment was able to reduce the viability of ATC cells and migratory capacity, reducing the expression of anti-apoptotic factors, such as B-cell lymphoma (bcl-2), and increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic factors, such as Caspase-3 and BID, activating oxidative stress mediators, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (ROMO-1). Furthermore, Trox modulates NF-κB pathway markers, such as NIK and TRAF-6. Further confirmation was obtained through in vivo studies, in which Trox treatment, at doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, reduced morphological alteration, decreasing mast cell accumulation. Therefore, the use of Trox could be considered a promising strategy to counteract the progression of ATC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General and local muscular fatigue is postulated to negatively alter lower limb biomechanics; however, few prospective studies have been done to examine the effect of fatigue on tuck-jump performance. The tuck-jump assessment (TJA) is a criteria-based visual screening tool designed to identify neuromuscular deficits associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Use of kinetics during the TJA after an intense sport-specific fatigue protocol may identify fatigue-induced neuromuscular deficits associated with ACL injury risk. To examine the effects of a sport-specific fatigue protocol on visually evidenced (2-dimensional) technical performance of repeated tuck jumps and lower limb kinetic stabilization. Cross-sectional study. Laboratory. Twelve female netball athletes (age = 20.8 ± 2.6 years, height = 170.0 ± 0.04 cm, mass = 67.5 ± 7.4 kg). Participants performed 1 set of a TJA before and after a sport-specific fatigue protocol. Paired t tests and effect sizes were used to evaluate differences and the magnitude of differences in TJA scoring criterion, kinetics, and kinetic stabilization prefatigue to postfatigue. A small increase was observed for vertical relative lower extremity stiffness postfatigue (P =.005; Hedges g = 0.45). Peak center-of-mass displacement, time of jump cycle, ground contact time, flight time, jump height, and vertical net impulse decreased with small to moderate effect sizes (P <.01; Hedges g range, 0.41–0.74). No differences were observed for TJA composite scores, peak vertical ground reaction force, and stabilization indices of kinetic variables after the fatigue protocol (P >.05). Kinetic analysis of repeated tuck jumps after a fatigue protocol identified an altered jumping strategy, which was not identifiable via visual 2-dimensional assessment. However, based on kinetic measures, fatigue induces a stiffer jumping strategy, and practitioners should consider assessing load attenuation strategies that may not be visually evident when evaluating ACL-injury risk factors in athletes who are fatigued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Force-velocity (F-V) relationship models gained popularity as a tool for muscle mechanical assessment. However, it is not clear whether the validity of the F-V relationship parameters (maximal theoretical force [ F 0], velocity [ V 0] and power [ P max]) is affected using different load types: gravitational (W, rubber bands pulling the barbell downward), inertial (I, rubber bands pulling the barbell, which is equalized to the weight of the added plates upward), and combined (W + I, weight of the plates). Hypothesis: Load type would affect both the magnitude and validity of F-V relationship parameters. The highest magnitude and validity was expected for F 0 using a W, for V 0 using an I, and for P max using a W + I load. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 13 resistance-trained men (body mass, 87.7 ± 11.2 kg and body height, 183.9 ± 6.4 cm) performed bench press (BP) throws (BPTs) using 3 types of loads against 30 to 80 kg. The validity of F-V relationship parameters was explored with respect to the tests used traditionally for force (maximal voluntary contraction and 1-repetition maximum [1RM]), velocity (maximal velocity achieved during almost unloaded tasks), and power (BPT against the 50%1RM and medicine ball throws) assessment. Results: The W + I loading promoted the highest values of F 0 and P max, while the highest magnitude of V 0 was promoted by the I loading. The validity was acceptable for F 0 obtained using the 3 loading conditions with respect to the BP 1RM (r range, 0.30-0.83), and V 0 obtained using the I loading with respect to the stick throw (r = 0.54). Conclusion: The magnitude of the F-V relationship parameters is affected by load type, but their validity with respect to standardized tests is comparable, with the exception of the higher validity of V 0 when obtained using the I loading. Clinical Relevance: Any load type can be used for assessing F 0, while I load should be selected when assessing V 0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most specific rugby movements require an efficient stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). Reactive strength index (RSI) and leg stiffness have been considered a reliable measure of SSC capability and an indicator of ACL injury risk. The aim of this study was to assess and compare absolute leg stiffness (ALS) and RSI in amateur female rugby players from different countries. Methods: Players of three female rugby teams participated in the study: the female Czech team, the junior female Czech team, and the female university English team. Twenty repetitions of the submaximal bilateral hopping test were used for the calculation of ALS. RSI was obtained from 5 repetitions of the maximum hop test. Results: The values of the basic statistics were as follows: the female Czech team (median, mean ± SD): ALS, 25.3 kN·m-1, 25.4 ± 3.6 kN·m-1; RSI, 0.53, 0.60 ± 0.24; the junior female Czech team (median, mean ± SD): ALS, 22.7 kN·m-1, 23.1 ± 4.6 kN·m-1; RSI, 0.37, 0.42 ± 0.19, and the female university English team (median, mean ± SD): ALS, 22.7 kN·m-1, 24.0 ± 3.5 kN·m-1; RSI, 0.61, 0.59 ± 0.20. Only a between-group comparison of RSI of the female Czech team and the junior female Czech team (p = 0.04, r = 0.37, medium effect) showed significant differences. Conclusion: No significant differences between groups were found, except for Czech teams of different ages in RSI. The lower values of ALS and RSI compared to other studies can potentially be associated with a higher risk of ACL injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on young English language learners has been gaining popularity in recent years, but to this day remains underdeveloped. The present study aimed to add to this body of research by exploring the effects of visual arts activities implemented via comprehension and compared to more commonly used flashcard activities implemented via comprehension-based instruction on young English language learners' vocabulary acquisition and retention. The study specifically focused on very young learners who do not have access to the English language outside of the classroom. This study employed a withinsubjects counterbalanced design with young English language learners (N = 47) with a mean age of three years and eight months. The results provided evidence that both instruction types are highly effective in the productive and receptive learning of vocabulary among young English language learners. Furthermore, the positive effects of visual arts activities implemented via comprehension-based instruction on vocabulary retention were found to be significantly higher than those of the production-based instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the macroscopic limit for the space-time density fluctuations in the open symmetric simple exclusion in the quasi-static scaling limit. We prove that the distribution of these fluctuations converge to a gaussian space-time field that is delta correlated in time but with long-range correlations in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the last 399 years (1624–2023) on fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Mediterranean Sea was conducted, based on an extensive compilation of records published in the scientific literature, technical reports, public databases, journals, and social media. A total of 10,716 sightings and 575 mortality events have been computed, analysed by semesters and mapped in order to compare the summer–winter seasons especially and their implications on migration–residence. Visual and acoustic detections, feedings, migrations, primary production areas (chlorophyll), threats and causes of death and their relations have been addressed, and a mini-review on heavy metals and pollutants has been carried out on fin whales in the Mediterranean Sea. Mortality events were most frequent between November and April, coinciding with the decreased sighting period. Ship strikes posed the greatest threat, peaking between May and October, when marine traffic tends to increase in the Mediterranean Sea. Two populations coexist in the Mediterranean Sea, one resident and the other migratory, the latter using the Strait of Gibraltar for its biannual movements. Two areas with a presence of calves (up to 7 m in length) between October and February were detected: one scattered in the northern Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar and its surroundings. A critical zone for collisions has been established according to the results for fin whales in the Mediterranean Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma, an aggressive primary brain tumor, poses a significant challenge owing to its dynamic and intricate tumor microenvironment. This review investigates the innovative integration of biosensor-enhanced organ-on-a-chip (OOC) models as a novel strategy for an in-depth exploration of glioblastoma tumor microenvironment dynamics. In recent years, the transformative approach of incorporating biosensors into OOC platforms has enabled real-time monitoring and analysis of cellular behaviors within a controlled microenvironment. Conventional in vitro and in vivo models exhibit inherent limitations in accurately replicating the complex nature of glioblastoma progression. This review addresses the existing research gap by pioneering the integration of biosensor-enhanced OOC models, providing a comprehensive platform for investigating glioblastoma tumor microenvironment dynamics. The applications of this combined approach in studying glioblastoma dynamics are critically scrutinized, emphasizing its potential to bridge the gap between simplistic models and the intricate in vivo conditions. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications of biosensor-enhanced OOC models in elucidating the dynamic features of the tumor microenvironment, encompassing cell migration, proliferation, and interactions. By furnishing real-time insights, these models significantly contribute to unraveling the complex biology of glioblastoma, thereby influencing the development of more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Gliomas are deleterious central nervous system tumors that harbor cellular heterogeneity and infiltrative capabilities. They are biologically aggressive and highly invasive tumors that lack efficient treatment. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the ability for self-renewal that is responsible for tumor plasticity. They show tumor-initiating properties, are influenced by genetic drivers and display great migratory abilities. GSCs engage in a synergistic relationship with the surrounding tumor microenvironment to promote tumor progression and therapy resistance. A great effort is under way in order to find ways to eliminate or neutralize GSCs. On a molecular level, glioma is very diverse and presents a whole spectrum of specific genetic and epigenetic alterations. The tumors are unfortunately resistant to available therapies and the survival rate is low. The explanation of significant intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and the infiltrative capability of gliomas, as well as its resistance to therapy, recurrence and aggressive behavior, lies in a small subset of tumor-initiating cells that behave like stem cells and are known as glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs). They are responsible for tumor plasticity and are influenced by genetic drivers. Additionally, GCSCs also display greater migratory abilities. A great effort is under way in order to find ways to eliminate or neutralize GCSCs. Many different treatment strategies are currently being explored, including modulation of the tumor microenvironment, posttranscriptional regulation, epigenetic modulation and immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Microbes of sponges have diverse associations, including true symbiosis. Sponges, being evolutionarily ancient sessile filter feeders, host diverse and abundant microbial species that play crucial roles in host metabolism. Although the microbial symbionts of sponges are widely distributed within the organism (up to 40% of their volume), the ecological relationships and interactions between bacteria and their sponge host remain largely unexplored for many species. The present study was one of the first attempts to isolate symbiotic bacteria from the sponge Raspaciona aculeata. Materials and Methods: After isolation on marine agar medium, the isolates were characterized for different colony morphology. The 16S rDNA taxonomic analysis was carried out on bacteria isolates. Results: Following an incubation period of two weeks at 25°C, only 13 bacterial strains were isolated with a very low rate of genetic biodiversity. All strains belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria class (Pseudomonadaceae family), except one (isolate AL-18ra) belonging to the Bacilli class (Bacillaceae family). Conclusion: The obtained results are of great importance for advancing the understanding of symbiosis phenomena within the sponge species Raspaciona aculeata to study its bioapplication potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using linking and ∇ -theorems in this paper we prove the existence of multiple solutions for the following nonlocal problem with mixed Dirichlet–Neumann boundary data, (− Δ) s u = λ u + f (x , u) in  Ω , u = 0 on  Σ , ∂ u ∂ ν = 0 on  Σ , where (− Δ) s , s ∈ (1 / 2 , 1) , is the spectral fractional Laplacian operator, Ω ⊂ ℝ N , N > 2 s , is a smooth bounded domain, λ > 0 is a real parameter, ν is the outward normal to ∂ Ω , Σ , Σ are smooth (N − 1) -dimensional submanifolds of ∂ Ω such that Σ ∪ Σ = ∂ Ω , Σ ∩ Σ = ∅ and Σ ∩ Σ ¯ = Γ is a smooth (N − 2) -dimensional submanifold of ∂ Ω. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSHoma) is the rarest functioning pituitary tumor, with an increasing incidence over the last decades. Diagnosis is often delayed, exposing patients to a high risk of developing chronic complications of long-standing hyperthyroidism. Although thyroid hormone excess is a recognized cause of secondary osteoporosis, very few studies have investigated skeletal damage in patients with TSHoma, with data limited to bone turnover markers (BTM) and a study on the prevalence of radiological vertebral fractures (VFs) incidentally detected on chest X-ray, whereas data on bone mineral density (BMD) are anecdotal. Bone resorption is increased in TSHoma compared to controls, whereas few case reports described osteoporosis and spine fractures as early complications of TSHoma. A high prevalence of morphometric VFs was described in TSHoma compared to nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). Patients with fracture were older and had higher free thyroxine (fT4) levels than patients without fracture. In this specific setting, treatment with somatostatin receptor ligands seems to have a protective role on fracture risk. Based on this evidence, a comprehensive osteometabolic evaluation should be performed in all patients with TSHoma, including assessment of BTM, measurement of BMD, and morphometric evaluation of VFs, both at diagnosis and then during follow-up, particularly in patients at high risk for fragility fractures., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Conflict of interest: AG is Editor-in-Chief of Pituitary. SF received research grants to Institution from Abiogen Pharma, consultancy and speaker fees from Ipsen, Novartis and Pfizer, took part in advisory boards from Recordati and Novo Nordisk. AG received grants/scientific consultancy from Abiogen Pharma, Astellas, Chiasma, Genevant, Ipsen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Recordati and research grants from Abiogen Pharma, Ipsen, Novartis and Pfizer. The other Authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are fine, nanometer-sized membrane connections between distant cells that provide an efficient communication tool for cellular organization. TNTs are thought to play a critical role in cellular behavior, particularly in cancer cells. The treatment of aggressive cancers such as glioblastoma remains challenging due to their high potential for developing therapy resistance, high infiltration rates, uncontrolled cell growth, and other aggressive features. A better understanding of the cellular organization via cellular communication through TNTs could help to find new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigate the properties of TNTs in two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 MG and LN229, including measurements of their diameter by high-resolution live-cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and an analysis of their length, morphology, lifetime, and formation by live-cell confocal microscopy. In addition, we discuss how these fine compounds can ideally be studied microscopically. In particular, we show which membrane-labeling method is suitable for studying TNTs in glioblastoma cells and demonstrate that live-cell studies should be preferred to explore the role of TNTs in cellular behavior. Our observations on TNT formation in glioblastoma cells suggest that TNTs could be involved in cell migration and serve as guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is routinely exposed to external electric fields. Whether, for example, at physiological conditions, in contact with biological systems, or at the interface of polar surfaces in countless technological settings, water responds to fields on the order of a few V Å−1 in a manner that is under intense investigation. Dating back to the 19th century, the possibility of solidifying water upon applying electric fields – a process known as electrofreezing – is an alluring promise that has canalized major efforts since, with uncertain outcomes. Here, we perform long (up to 500 ps per field strength) ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of water at ambient conditions under external electric fields. We show that fields of 0.10 − 0.15 V Å−1 induce electrofreezing to a ferroelectric amorphous phase which we term f-GW (ferroelectric glassy water). The transition occurs after ~ 150 ps for a field of 0.15 V Å−1 and after ~ 200 ps for a field of 0.10 V Å−1 and is signaled by a structural and dynamic arrest and the suppression of the fluctuations of the hydrogen bond network. Our work reports evidence of electrofreezing of bulk liquid water at ambient conditions and therefore impacts several fields, from fundamental chemical physics to biology and catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realm of molecular topology has witnessed a profound paradigm shift with the emergence of chiral catenanes, and their interactions with circularly polarized light are opening new perspectives in the study of chirality. Recently, the first mechanically interlocked platform based on catenane architecture acting as a multi-sequence switch of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) was expertly designed. This unique chiral luminophore offered us the opportunity to survey the connection between the topological features and its chiral emission properties. In these terms, a theoretical DFT protocol for this CPL spectral prediction is urgent. Herein, we present a robust but accessible computational workflow able to accurately predict a triple-responsive CPL switch (on, off, and boosted signals). Taking advantage of a preliminary DFT benchmark, we decided to use the LC-wHBPE functional to realize a conformational analysis of the pyrene excimer installed in the catenane structure (for the three switchable forms) in the first excited state by means of Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. Consequently, an exhaustive TD-DFT treatment demonstrated the PW6B95D3/6-311G(d,p) level to be the most valuable method to capture skillfully both the band positions and intensities for the on, off and enhanced CPL outputs generated by the interlaced molecular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although several studies investigated the effect of plyometric training on physical performance, there is a lack of clarity regarding the effectiveness of plyometric training or its moderator variables in youth female volleyball players. The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect of horizontal plyometric training on explosive stretch-shortening cycle hops and jumps in the vertical and horizontal directions in female post peak height velocity (PHV) volleyball players. The secondary aim was to assess the influence of participant and training related moderators on horizontal plyometric training in post-PHV volleyball players. Methods: A total of 23 post-PHV volleyball players participated in this 8-week intervention with horizontal plyometric exercises, twice a week. Pre-testing and post-testing included bilateral and unilateral vertical sub-maximal hopping, horizontal jumping and hopping, and a drop jump test. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed using a paired t-test. The influence of internal moderators such as age, maturity and body mass and external moderators such as training volume were assessed using regression and correlation analysis. Results: An 8-week plyometric training improved sub-maximal hopping at 2.5 Hz left by 4.4%, bilateral sub-maximal hopping at 2.0 Hz by 9.5% and bilateral submaximal hopping at 2.2 Hz by 6.8% in post-PHV female volleyball players. Horizontal jumping and hopping, reactive strength index and other submaximal hopping conditions did not improve significantly. Body mass had a large moderating effect on vertical unilateral sub-maximal hopping at 2.5 Hz right (p = 0.010, η² = 0.314), vertical unilateral hopping at 3.0 Hz right (p = 0.035, η² = 0.170), and vertical unilateral hopping at 3.0 Hz left (p = 0.043, η² = 0.203). Training volume together with generalized joint hypermobility moderated right leg triple broad hop performance, whereas maturity and age did not moderate any variables. Conclusion: This study determined that 8 weeks of horizontal plyometric training can improve unilateral absolute leg stiffness in post-PHV female volleyball players, and this training effect can be moderated by body mass. Furthermore, the training effect on triple hopping performance on the right leg can be moderated by combined training volume with generalized joint hypermobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bifacial solar cells (BFSCs) offer a way to boost electrical power generation for each unit area compared to traditional monofacial cells without a significant increase in production costs. These cells are designed to absorb sunlight from both front and rear sides, making them more efficient in converting light into electricity while exploiting the reflected solar radiation. The third-generation PV solar cells are widely known for the flexibility and the colour tunability allowing them to be designed as BFSCs. This article focuses on semi-transparent bifacial dye sensitized solar cells (BFDSCs), which stand out for their low production cost, for the possibility of being environmentally friendly and for the excellent conversion efficiency even in diffused light conditions, balancing both efficiency and transparency for a variety of applications. Their semi-transparent nature and the adaptability to different sunlight angles make BFDSCs ideal for both indoor and outdoor environments. This review highlights the newest breakthroughs in DSSC and provides an overview of the latest research on innovative electrodes, electrolytes, and dyes. Moreover, the review delves into current and potential uses of BFDSCs in areas such as agriculture, building integration, and smart devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of platinum-based anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, is a common frontline option in cancer management, but they have debilitating side effects and can lead to drug resistance. Combination therapy with other chemotherapeutic agents, such as capecitabine and gemcitabine, has been explored. One approach to overcome these limitations is the modification of traditional Pt(II) drugs to obtain new molecules with an improved pharmacological profile, such as Pt(IV) prodrugs. The design, synthesis, and characterization of two novel Pt(IV) prodrugs based on oxaliplatin bearing the anticancer drugs gemcitabine or capecitabine in the axial positions have been reported. These complexes were able to dissociate into their constituents to promote cell death and induce apoptosis and cell cycle blockade in a representative colorectal cancer cell model. Specifically, the complex bearing gemcitabine resulted in being the most active on the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 0.49 ± 0.04. A pilot study on the encapsulation of these complexes in biocompatible PLGA-PEG nanoparticles is also included to confirm the retention of the pharmacological properties and cellular drug uptake, opening up to the possible delivery of the studied complexes through their nanoformulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using ex vivo–expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can eliminate or shrink metastatic melanoma, but its long-term efficacy remains limited to a fraction of patients. Using longitudinal samples from 13 patients with metastatic melanoma treated with TIL-ACT in a phase 1 clinical study, we interrogated cellular states within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their interactions. We performed bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and spatial proteomic analyses in pre- and post-ACT tumor tissues, finding that ACT responders exhibited higher basal tumor cell–intrinsic immunogenicity and mutational burden. Compared with nonresponders, CD8+ TILs exhibited increased cytotoxicity, exhaustion, and costimulation, whereas myeloid cells had increased type I interferon signaling in responders. Cell-cell interaction prediction analyses corroborated by spatial neighborhood analyses revealed that responders had rich baseline intratumoral and stromal tumor–reactive T cell networks with activated myeloid populations. Successful TIL-ACT therapy further reprogrammed the myeloid compartment and increased TIL-myeloid networks. Our systematic target discovery study identifies potential T-myeloid cell network–based biomarkers that could improve patient selection and guide the design of ACT clinical trials. Editor's summary: Adoptive cellular therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL-ACT) represents a promising immunotherapy alternative to immune checkpoint blockade, particularly in certain patients with advanced melanoma. Using single-cell transcriptomics and spatial proteomics, Barras et al. analyzed tumor specimens from patients with metastatic melanoma receiving ex vivo–expanded TIL-ACT through a phase 1 clinical trial. At baseline, tumors responding to TIL-ACT had more activated T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which formed strong stimulatory interactions in responding tumors. After TIL-ACT, responders showed reprograming of myeloid cells including toward CXCL9+ macrophages and further expansion of T-myeloid cell networks. Together, these findings demonstrate that robust baseline supporting networks between intratumoral immune cells are strongly associated with response to TIL-ACT in metastatic melanoma. —Claire Olingy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel is one of the most common metals. In the die business, cold work tool steels (CWTS) are widely preferred. In addition to regular CWTS, next-generation CWTS have recently been used. This study investigates the use of classic and two new-generation CWTS as punch materials in pressing electric motor rotors. It has been discovered that new-generation CWTS have a longer lifespan than traditional ones. SEM and X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to examine the microstructures, and the carbide structures they could produce were analyzed using FactSage® 8.2 thermodynamic software. The formation of fine and uniformly dispersed carbide structures and numerous carbide structures has been observed in the latest generation CWTS. These were thought to be the causes behind the CWTS's lengthy service life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Science of Gymnastics Journal is the property of Science of Gymnastics Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerous studies are focused on nanoparticle penetration into the brain functionalizing them with ligands useful to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, cell targeting is also crucial, given that cerebral pathologies frequently affect specific brain cells or areas. Functionalize nanoparticles with the most appropriate targeting elements, tailor their physical parameters, and consider the brain's complex anatomy are essential aspects for precise therapy and diagnosis. In this review, we addressed the state of the art on targeted nanoparticles for drug delivery in diseased brain regions, outlining progress, limitations, and ongoing challenges. We also provide a summary and overview of general design principles that can be applied to nanotherapies, considering the areas and cell types affected by the most common brain disorders. We then emphasize lingering uncertainties that hinder the translational possibilities of nanotherapies for clinical use. Finally, we offer suggestions for continuing preclinical investigations to enhance the overall effectiveness of precision nanomedicine in addressing neurological conditions. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies., (© 2024 The Author(s). WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Dengue virus (DENV), from the Flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of dengue fever and poses a significant global health challenge. The virus primarily affects the vascular system and liver; however, a growing body of evidence suggests its involvement in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, contributing to clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. However, the mechanisms underlying DENV infection in the digestive system remain largely unexplored. Prior research has detected viral RNA in the GI tissue of infected animals; however, whether the dengue virus can directly infect human enterocytes remains unclear. In this study, we examine the infectivity of human intestinal cell lines to the dengue virus and their subsequent response. We report that the Caco-2 cell line, a model of human enterocytes, is susceptible to infection and capable of producing viruses. Notably, differentiated Caco-2 cells exhibited a lower infection rate yet a higher level of virus production than their undifferentiated counterparts. These findings suggest that human intestinal cells are a viable target for the dengue virus, potentially elucidating the GI symptoms observed in dengue fever and offering a new perspective on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the virus., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Microbiological Society of Korea.)

The article describes a case of pellagra in a 66-year-old man, characterized by a symmetrical rash on sun-exposed areas along with systemic symptoms such as confusion and diarrhea. Topics include the clinical manifestations and etiology of pellagra, emphasizing the importance of dietary factors and the role of nicotinamide supplementation in treatment.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the haematological disease with the lowest survival rate, due to its genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Gene aberrations render myeloid cells undifferentiated and able to proliferate in uncontrolled manner. In particular, the over-expression of SIRT2, an enzyme belonging to the histone deacetylases family, has been suggested as a key mechanism of AML pathogenesis, since it was shown to decrease the rate of differentiation and, thus, to promote the proliferation of AML cells. Although the use of synthetic differentiating agents represents a strategy for the treatment of some subtypes of AML, their severe side effects prompted to search for potential candidates in the plant kingdom. Among these, Citrus × bergamia (bergamot) has showed to possess relevant pharmacological properties, including anticancer ones. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a flavonoid-rich extract of bergamot juice (BJe) to exert antileukemic effects via the induction of terminal differentiation in THP-1 cells, an in vitro model of AML, shedding light on the potential involvement of SIRT2 enzyme. In our study, BJe induced anti-proliferative effects, blocking cell cycle in S-phase and triggering apoptosis in THP-1 cells. These effects might be related to the activation of differentiating processes. Indeed, BJe induced differentiation of THP-1 cells, as shown by changes in cell adhesion and increased expression of cell surface markers such as CD11b, CD14, and CD68. One of the mechanisms responsible for cellular differentiation induced by BJe in leukemic THP-1 cells might be the inhibition of SIRT2. This because BJe was able to inhibit SIRT2 activity of the isolated enzyme and in THP-1 cells, where it caused the increase of acetylated p53 levels, a well-known SIRT2 substrate, and also the reduction of SIRT2 gene expression. Our results show the anti-leukemic effects of BJe, achieved by a SIRT2-mediated induction of differentiation, which could represent a novel viable strategy in AML management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose exact aetiology remains elusive, challenging the entire scientific community. However, it is acknowledged that AD is characterized by an increased deposition in the brain of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein, which triggers pro-inflammatory events in the surrounding nervous tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a spice blend composed of an extract of cinnamon bark and two different turmeric root extracts (CCSB) in Aβ-exposed THP-1 cells, employed as a model of neuroinflammation. In abiotic ORAC assays, CCSB exhibited up to 3-fold greater reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching ability than the standard Trolox. In THP-1 cells, CCSB also demonstrated antioxidant potential by reducing ROS, induced by the amyloid fragment by up to 39.7%. Furthermore, CCSB diminished the Aβ-stimulated secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 by up to 24.9% and 43.4%, respectively, and their gene expression by up to 25.2% and 43.1%, respectively. The mechanism underlying this effect seems to involve the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK, JNK and p38, whose phosphorylation was reduced by up to 51.5%, 73.7%, and 58.2%, respectively. In addition, phosphorylation of p65, one of the five components forming NF-κB, was reduced by up to 86.1%. Our data indicate that CCSB can counteract the neuroinflammation induced by Aβ-stimulation of THP-1 cells, thus targeting the events characterizing the early stages of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]