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A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of California has reported the first case of HIV infection with integrase resistance mutations in a patient receiving long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for prevention in routine care. The study highlights the need for accelerated pathways to minimize the time between HIV testing and CAB-LA initiation in order to optimize acute HIV detection and mitigate resistance risk. Sustained access to CAB-LA, regardless of insurance, is crucial for reducing HIV infections. Further research is needed in this area. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center in Beijing, China, examined the effects of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and efavirenz (EFV) on neuropsychiatric conditions and brain imaging in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). The study found that compared to the EFV group, the INSTI group exhibited reduced gray matter volume in the right superior parietal gyrus, higher regional homogeneity in the left postcentral gyrus, lower regional homogeneity in the right orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus, and increased voxel-wise functional connectivity in the left inferior temporal gyrus. The research concluded that these findings provide valuable insights into brain network modifications in PLWH receiving INSTI-based regimens. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Sapienza University of Rome explores the role of HIV-1 integrase (IN) in the viral lifecycle and the development of inhibitors to target this enzyme. The study focuses on quinolinonyl derivatives as dual inhibitors of the IN catalytic site and IN-RNA interactions, which are crucial for viral replication. The research highlights the need for new inhibitors with different mechanisms of action to combat IN mutations that confer resistance to current drugs. This study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for HIV treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Johns Hopkins University examined the association between switching to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) and incident diabetes in people with HIV. The study included over 2,000 participants and found that switching to INSTI did not significantly increase overall diabetes incidence in people with HIV. However, there may be an elevated risk of diabetes within the first two years after switching. These findings can provide valuable information for healthcare professionals when considering INSTI-based regimens for people with HIV. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract from biorxiv.org, a gene called PiggyBac Transposable Element Derived 5 (PGBD5) is a transposase-derived gene that plays a role in brain development in mice and humans. The deficiency of this gene is associated with intellectual disability, movement disorders, and seizures. In mice, the gene is necessary for the induction of DNA breaks and genome rearrangements during development. The loss of this gene in the brain cortex leads to abnormal differentiation and gene expression in specific neuronal populations. However, it is important to note that this research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to 10X Genomics Inc. for methods and systems for analyzing chromatin. The patent describes techniques for processing biological samples, such as for detecting diseases like cancer, using droplets or wells to isolate and control the environments of the samples. The methods involve attaching nucleic acid molecules and peptides to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which can then be recovered and analyzed. The patent also discusses the use of labeling agents and transposase complexes in the analysis of individual cells or small populations of cells. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research findings on HIV/AIDS, specifically focusing on the drug Dolutegravir (DTG). The research aimed to characterize the viral response to DTG based on a pooled analysis of exposure-response from five studies. Model-based simulations were used to explore the clinical relevance of factors that could influence the DTG response. The study concluded that the current recommendation of DTG 50 mg b.i.d. is appropriate for the population studied. The research was supported by ViiV Healthcare and GlaxoSmithKline. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from researchers at Virgen del Rocio University Hospital in Seville, Spain compares the long-term effects on immune parameters, inflammation, and HIV-1 reservoir after switching to a two-drug regimen (2DR) versus maintaining a three-drug regimen (3DR) based on integrase inhibitors. The study found that switching to a 2DR did not negatively affect immunologic parameters, inflammatory markers, or the HIV-1 reservoir. The research suggests that a two-drug regimen may be a viable option for HIV/AIDS treatment. The study was conducted on HIV-1 treatment-naive individuals and included 50 participants per group. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Hawaii at Manoa discusses the potential of gene therapy and the need for more efficient methods of delivering large transgenes to the genome. The researchers developed a method called IntePACE, which uses phage-assisted continuous evolution to improve the activity of serine integrases. These hyperactive integrases were able to insert a 15.7 kb therapeutic DNA cargo into target chromosomes at high rates. This research has the potential to accelerate gene delivery therapeutics and can be adapted to improve other integrases in the future. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research on norovirus conducted by a researcher at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. The study focuses on the use of a new method called transposase-assisted RNA/DNA hybrid co-tagmentation (TRACE) for detecting foodborne viruses. The method was found to be effective in detecting both known and unknown pathogens, and it outperformed standard RNA-seq library preparation methods. The research suggests that TRACE-seq could be a valuable tool for surveilling foodborne viruses and exploring whole-genome sequencing of viruses. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Alabama at Birmingham examined the association between integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) and blood pressure in individuals with HIV. The study found that participants taking ART containing integrase strand transfer inhibitors had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to those taking non-INSTI-based ART. These findings suggest that INSTI-based ART may be associated with increased blood pressure in individuals with HIV. Further research is needed to better understand this relationship and its implications for patient care. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School has found that tesamorelin, an FDA-approved therapy for abdominal fat accumulation in people with HIV, is effective and safe for individuals on integrase inhibitors (INSTIs). The study involved 61 participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and the results showed that tesamorelin led to significant reductions in visceral fat, hepatic fat, and trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio. The therapy was well-tolerated with no exacerbation of glycemic control. This research provides valuable data on the efficacy and safety of tesamorelin for people with HIV on INSTI-based regimens. [Extracted from the article]

Inventors Stephane Boutet and Katherine Pfeiffer have submitted a patent application for a method of spatially analyzing genomic DNA in a biological sample. The method involves using an array of capture probes with spatial barcodes and capture domains to interact with fragmented genomic DNA. By correlating the location of the capture probe on the array to a location in the biological sample, valuable information about the position and function of cells within a tissue can be obtained. The patent application provides detailed claims and descriptions of the method and its components, including the use of oligonucleotides, enzymes, and reagents. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract, researchers have found that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses the viral enzyme integrase (IN) to compact its DNA in order to enter the cell nucleus. This compaction occurs in two stages, with IN tetramers bridging DNA strands and forming "rosette" structures in the first stage, and the extruding DNA loops condensing onto the rosette core to form a disordered outer layer in the second stage. The core complex is susceptible to IN inhibitors, while the outer layer is not. This research suggests that IN plays a structural role in viral DNA compaction and raises the possibility of developing inhibitors that target IN-DNA interactions in disordered condensates. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine examined the association between switching to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) and incident diabetes in people with HIV. The study included 2,075 individuals without a history of diabetes who had used nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) or protease inhibitors (PI) for 180 days. The researchers found that switching to INSTI did not significantly increase the overall incidence of diabetes in people with HIV, although there may be an elevated risk in the first two years. These findings can help inform decisions regarding treatment regimens for individuals with HIV. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen, China have developed a DNA biosensor platform for the detection of HIV. The platform utilizes a portable fluorescence detector and the activity of the HIV-encoded integrase enzyme as a biomarker for specific and quantitative detection of the virus. The biosensor system demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting HIV in clinical samples, and it also showed potential for detecting other retroviruses. The researchers believe that this platform could be valuable for rapid HIV testing, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring, contributing to the development of effective prevention strategies and treatments. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the development of a method called IntePACE, which uses phage-assisted continuous evolution to improve the activity of PhiC31 and Bxb1 serine integrases. These integrases are enzymes that can insert large DNA cargos at specific sites in the genome. The researchers were able to generate novel hyperactive mutants that could insert a 15.7 kb therapeutic DNA cargo at high rates. This technology has the potential to accelerate gene delivery therapeutics and can be adapted to improve other integrases from nature. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

The patent application titled "Genome Editing by Directed Non-Homologous DNA Insertion Using a Retroviral Integrase-Cas Fusion Protein and Methods of Treatment" by Douglas Matthew Anderson discusses the limitations of current gene therapy technologies and proposes a new method for treating Friedreich's Ataxia, a genetic disorder. The method involves administering a fusion protein that includes a retroviral integrase, a CRISPR-associated protein, and a nuclear localization signal, along with guide nucleic acid and donor template nucleic acid. The patent application provides detailed sequences and embodiments for the various components involved in the method. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangdong, China, discusses the effectiveness of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The study compared the short-term and long-term effectiveness of INSTI-containing regimens to free ART drugs provided by the Chinese government. The findings suggest that patients initiating ART with INSTI-containing regimens had better viral suppression in the short-term, but no significant differences were found in immune response, liver and kidney function, or AIDS-related diseases in the long-term. The study provides new evidence regarding the effectiveness of INSTI-containing regimens in low-and-middle-income countries. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, has shed light on the process of retroviral DNA integration in HIV/AIDS. The study focused on the structure of nucleoprotein complexes called intasomes, which play a crucial role in this process. The researchers found that HIV-1 intasomes can be assembled in various ways, resulting in different multimeric species. This heterogeneity is an intrinsic property of HIV-1 integrase and is not influenced by the presence of the Sso7d domain. The study was published in the Journal of Molecular Biology and is available under an open access license. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research has developed a new technique for conducting whole-genome sequencing in various organisms. The method, called transposase-assisted tagmentation, is cost-effective and efficient, requiring only 20 minutes of hands-on time and costing less than $10. The researchers demonstrated the effectiveness of the technique in identifying causal mutations in mutants with defects in cilia or neurotransmitter secretion, as well as mutants synthetically sterile with a variant analogous to the BRAF V600E mutation. This approach has the potential to facilitate experimental investigations of missense variants in diverse species. [Extracted from the article]

Saliogen Therapeutics Inc. has been granted a patent for transposition-based therapies, which aim to improve the safety and effectiveness of gene therapy. The patent highlights the limitations and safety concerns associated with current gene therapy methods that use viral vectors. The inventors propose the use of non-viral vectors and an engineered version of the Myotis lucifugus transposase (MLT transposase) to address these concerns. The patent also discusses the use of gene transfer systems that combine a transposase enzyme with a DNA binding domain for targeted therapy. The method involves inserting genes into the genome of cells by directing the transposase enzyme to specific sites in the genome called genomic safe harbor sites (GSHS). Various claims related to the composition and method of gene insertion are included in the patent. [Extracted from the article]

Genvivo Inc. has been granted a patent for compositions and methods related to therapeutic or vaccine delivery. The patent describes a recombinant retroviral vector that includes a mutant integrase and an antigen payload. The mutant integrase has specific mutations, and the antigen can be a pathogen or cancer polypeptide. The patent provides examples of specific polypeptides, such as coronavirus and influenza proteins. The invention aims to deliver therapeutics efficiently and precisely. The patent also discusses the use of envelope proteins, including those from alphaviruses, to enhance binding to human cells. The patent further describes a method of treating or preventing diseases by administering the recombinant retroviral vector, which induces an immune response. The immune response can be sustained for an extended period, and the patent mentions the use of additional ingredients and adjuvants in pharmaceutical compositions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint abstract discusses the development of a platform called the Modular Integrases (MINT) platform, which allows for precise integration of large synthetic DNA constructs into specific chromosomal sites. The researchers reprogrammed the serine integrase Bxb1 to target different sites within the human genome, enabling the integration of kilobase-sized constructs with up to 35% efficiency. This method has potential therapeutic applications and offers a more elegant approach to genome editing. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study on the presence and diversity of prophages in Group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates from humans in South America, specifically Argentina. Prophages are known to contribute to GBS evolution and pathogenicity. The study used whole genome sequence data and implemented two methods for prophage typing. The revised prophage typing approach classified all prophages into 19 types, which correlated with GBS clonal complex grouping. The study also proposed an improved and integrated prophage typing system for rapid phage detection and classification. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a patent for MUC16 specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and their uses. The patent describes various methods and compositions for genetically engineering cells to express CARs that target MUC16, a protein associated with cancer. The CARs described in the patent include specific amino acid sequences for the cytoplasmic domain, transmembrane domain, and spacer region. The patent also mentions the use of cell tags and fusion proteins in conjunction with the CARs. The patent provides detailed information on the design and construction of these CARs and their potential applications in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Illumina Cambridge Limited for a method of sample preparation on a solid support. The method involves fragmenting and tagging DNA using transposon compositions immobilized to a solid support. This method is useful for generating libraries of tagged DNA fragments for applications such as next-generation sequencing. The patent describes the specific steps and components involved in the method, including the use of transposase, polynucleotides, and tags. The invention aims to provide a more efficient and cost-effective approach to DNA sample preparation. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at University Hospital Muenster has presented data on prostate cancer. The research aimed to establish primary prostate cancer cell lines, as most research is currently conducted using cell lines derived from metastatic disease. The study used a non-viral immortalization approach called Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase-based integration to establish primary prostate cell lines. While none of the newly derived cell lines demonstrated prostate cancer characteristics, one cell line did exhibit tumorigenic potential. These cell lines could be used as a tool for research on prostate cancer initiation and early progression. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Infectious Diseases Unit in Monza, Italy, explored the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and HIV/AIDS. The study focused on the role of integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), a type of antiretroviral therapy, in increasing the risk of CVD in people with HIV (PWH). The study involved 4984 PWH and found that there was a slight tendency towards an increased risk of CVD in PWH exposed to INSTIs, although statistical significance was not reached. These findings suggest that INSTIs may play a minimal role in increasing the risk of CVD in PWH. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Radboud University Medical Center in the Netherlands compared the cardiometabolic differences in people living with HIV who were receiving integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). The study found that INSTIs were associated with a more unfavorable lipid profile compared to nevirapine, but a more favorable profile when substituting nevirapine for doravirine. The research also suggested that the cardiovascular disease risk profile may be more favorable in INSTIs compared to NNRTIs. The study highlights the importance of considering the specific effects of different antiretroviral therapy regimens on comorbidities in people living with HIV. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from St. Louis University discusses the history and advancements in retroviral integration research. The study focuses on the discovery of the retroviral reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes, which are essential for retroviral replication. The research highlights the development of integrase strand transfer inhibitors, which have been licensed for clinical use in treating HIV-1. The report emphasizes the importance of international conferences in fostering collaborations and scientific advancements in the field. For more information, the full article can be accessed through the Viruses journal website. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a patent for a method of treating HIV infection using a pharmaceutical composition. The composition includes a sodium salt compound and other compounds such as HIV protease inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The method is intended for heavily treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 mutant resistance to antiretroviral medications. The composition can be administered in the form of a tablet with specific percentages of each ingredient. The patent provides detailed information on the formulation and dosage of the composition. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Guizhou Medical University in Guiyang, China have conducted a study on AIDS/HIV. The study focused on the role of integrase in the replication of HIV-1 and the development of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) to impair viral replication. The researchers discovered that indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives, specifically compound 17a, effectively inhibited the strand transfer of integrase. This finding suggests that indole-2-carboxylic acid could be a promising scaffold for the development of integrase inhibitors. The study was supported by various organizations including Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department and Guizhou Medical University. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the University of Bern in Switzerland examined the impact of starting integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals with HIV/AIDS. The study used a target trial framework to reduce potential biases and found that starting INSTI-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) did not increase the risk of CVD events in treatment-naive individuals with HIV. The study included 5,362 participants and concluded that there was no difference in the short- or long-term risk of CVD events between those who started INSTI-based ART and those on other ART regimens. [Extracted from the article]

The US Patent and Trademark Office has published a patent application titled "Method For Transposase Mediated Spatial Tagging And Analyzing Genomic Dna In A Biological Sample." The application, filed by inventors from 10X Genomics Inc., outlines a method for analyzing genomic DNA in a biological sample. The method involves using a transposome to fragment the DNA and capture it on a spatial array, allowing for the determination of DNA accessibility. These techniques have the potential to provide insights into cellular regulation and epigenetic variability within tissues. The method also includes additional steps such as staining the sample and using a protease for enzymatic pre-permeabilization. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Combination and Uses and Treatments Thereof" has been published online by the USPTO. The application, filed by inventors from various countries, proposes a combination of two antiretroviral agents to treat HIV-1 or HIV-2 in virologically suppressed patients. The inventors emphasize the importance of easily administered fixed dose combinations of these drugs to improve patient compliance. The patent application specifically focuses on a multilayer tablet containing dolutegravir and rilpivirine, which aims to improve the effectiveness and stability of the drugs. The patent also includes claims for methods of treating HIV infection using the multilayer tablet. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at the University of New South Wales Sydney has found that people living with HIV who start antiretroviral therapy (ART) with first-line integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) have higher rates of CD4/CD8 ratio recovery and normalization compared to those on non-INSTI-based ART. The study included 5,529 participants and found that INSTI use was associated with greater odds of achieving CD4/CD8 ratio normalization. These findings highlight the benefits of INSTI-based ART for immune restoration in individuals living with HIV. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) presents fresh data on infectious diseases and conditions, specifically focusing on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI). The study examines the suppression of the virus in the male genital tract under INSTI-based regimens. The research found that while the levels of the virus in semen are low, there are still viruses with large genetic distances expressed under potent INSTI therapy, which could have implications for epidemiologic linkages if adherence to treatment is suboptimal. The study suggests that ongoing monitoring and assessment of virus suppression in prevention-relevant biologic compartments is necessary. [Extracted from the article]

This patent application discusses a method for modifying mammalian cells using artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) to inhibit the expression of certain genes. The application explores different techniques for introducing foreign DNA into cells, such as transfection and viral particles. It also discusses the use of RNA interference to inhibit endogenous genes and the potential of microRNAs to improve this process. The application highlights the importance of robust RNA interference methods for modifying mammalian cells and their products. The method described in the application has potential applications in various fields, including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, cancer gene therapy, and RNAi-based therapy. [Extracted from the article]

The patent application titled "Single Cell Analysis Of Transposase Accessible Chromatin" describes a method for processing nucleic acids from single cells to study chromatin accessibility. This method involves creating partitions that contain a single biological particle, such as a cell or nucleus, along with barcode oligonucleotides and transposase molecules. The method allows for the generation of barcoded nucleic acid fragments that can be sequenced to study gene expression and regulatory elements. The application addresses limitations of existing methods and provides a more efficient and accurate approach for single cell analysis. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract, researchers have found that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses the viral enzyme integrase (IN) to compact its DNA in order to enter the cell nucleus. This compaction occurs in two stages, with IN tetramers bridging DNA strands and forming "rosette" structures in the first stage, and the extruding DNA loops condensing onto the rosette core to form a disordered outer layer in the second stage. The core complex is susceptible to IN inhibitors, while the outer layer is not. This research suggests that IN plays a structural role in viral DNA compaction and raises the possibility of developing inhibitors that target IN-DNA interactions in disordered condensates. [Extracted from the article]