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Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022, Profesores: MARÍA CAMPOS FERNÁNDEZ

Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022

Curso 2021-2022, Asignatura en proceso de revisión

Sustainability is a crucial aspect of tourism growth and development. This paper suggests the adaptation of a methodology originally designed for analysing explosive behaviour in financial market time series to assess the explosive behaviour of demand pressure in tourist destinations. The proposed methodology could function as an early warning system for potential issues such as over-tourism by identifying further unsustainable growth in destinations. The methodology is exemplified by examining the long-term evolution of tourism pressure in both Spain as a whole, and in Barcelona, which is a destination frequently scrutinised in the literature and media due to perceived over-tourism. The findings suggest explosive behaviour in tourism pressure, especially in the case of Barcelona, from which valuable lessons can be learned and meaningful conclusions drawn.

Este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo, el primero exponer el planteamiento realizado del modelo Flipped Calssroom en dos asignaturas de finanzas en los estudios de tipo económico, empresarial y financiero de la Universidad de Sevilla durante el curso 2022/23. El segundo es analizar la percepción del alumnado que ha participado en la experiencia a través de una serie de cuestiones sobre la carga de trabajo, el tiempo de estudio y el nivel de satisfacción con el desarrollo del modelo dentro y fuera del aula.

Los orígenes de los estudios empresariales mayoritariamente se han recogido en literatura no académica como los aniversarios de las Escuelas de Comercio, de las Escuelas Universitarias o de las Facultades. Sin embargo, no conocemos que haya un estudio sistemático acerca de esa transición en general, ni tampoco en Contabilidad en particular. Por ello, el motivo de este estudio es contrastar empíricamente la afirmación de que los primeros profesores de las Facultades de estudios empresariales provenían de las Escuelas de Comercio y analizar los orígenes de los estudios empresariales con objeto de reconocer el papel de los académicos pioneros y describir dicha transición en el área de la Contabilidad en España. Para ello se han llevado a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas con diversos participantes referentes de las primeras Facultades de estudios sobre el ámbito empresarial creadas en España., The origins of business studies have mostly been recorded in non-academic literature such as the anniversaries of School of Commerce, University Schools or Faculties. However, we are not aware of any systematic study of this transition in general, nor in Accounting in particular. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically contrast this statement and to analyse the origins of business studies in order to recognise the role of the pioneering academics and to describe this transition in the area of Accounting in Spain. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were carried out with various participants from the first Faculties of Economics and Business Studies (FCEyE) created in Spain.

This paper analyzes the impact of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology, a teaching method that involves working with real-world problems and developing skills for their resolution, on university students’ Intrapreneurial Intentions (IIN). A sample of 267 students participated in the study, and their responses were collected at two different times. The data were analyzed using statistical regression analysis and the fs-QCA technique. The results revealed that the PBL methodology significantly improved the behavior of variables associated with potentially intra preneurial behaviors. Specifically, three components, namely Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Risk-Taking Capacity, positively influenced undergraduate students’ IIN. These findings suggest that the PBL methodology can be a valuable tool for universities in developing initiatives to improve graduate employability.

Electrification is a key pillar in energy transformation to reduce emissions. However, it may also have consequences on production. This study analyzes the effect of using electricity and non-electricity energy sources on production growth. An extended neoclassical production function, with the two uses of energy (electricity and non-electricity), is estimated for 17 Latin American countries from 1990 to 2019 and, for subsamples, based on the level of production per persons employed. The study is performed applying the cross-sectionally augmented, autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach and a non-parametric time-varying coefficients model. The parametric results indicate that the effect of both sources of energy on production are positive and significant. However, the production elasticity with respect to non-electricity consumption is higher than that with respect to electricity consumption. Only in countries with the lowest production levels could electrification be neutral. The non-parametric results show that the effect of non-electricity consumption is decreasing slightly over the period, while the effect of electricity use is increasing slightly, with a tendency towards stabilization at the end of the period. Nevertheless, these changes have been small.

In this paper, a comprehensive review is carried out on the strand of the literature related to the effects of bubbles on production, which includes the scarce empirical literature. The content is structured according to the bubble phase, since a major part of the literature considers that during the boom, there can be a crowding-in effect that can even offset the crowdingout effect derived from the bursting of the bubble. This possibility is due to the influence of two opposing mechanisms: a substitution effect derived from the possible diversion of resources previously allocated to productive investments, and an income effect derived from the fact that investors have more resources obtained from the sale of the bubble assets and from the role of these assets as collateral in loan operations. Studies also show the negative effect derived from the involvement of banks in bubbles. In this paper, both the results of the research and the main methodological framework are reviewed, thereby identifying as a gap in the literature to be considered for future research: the scarcity of empirical research, of studies that include demand factors, of papers that address bubbles in nonfinancial and nonhousing markets, and in undeveloped and emerging countries

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la influencia de la fuerza laboral femenina en el desempeño de las instituciones microfinancieras (IMF) de América Latina y el Caribe (ALCA). Partiendo de datos obtenidos en el MIX Market, se analizó la influencia de la mujer en puestos como oficiales de crédito, gerentes y consejeras, de 171 IMF en 18 países de la región durante el periodo 2010-2018, en la eficiencia, productividad, rendimiento financiero y alcance. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las oficiales de crédito y las gerentes influyen de forma positiva en el desempeño en tanto que las consejeras lo hacen de forma negativa. No obstante, cuando se analiza la influencia de las consejeras en aquellos consejos donde tienen una participación mayoritaria, se observa un mejor desempeño. Se recomienda incrementar la participación femenina en la fuerza laboral de las IMF, especialmente en niveles gerenciales., The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the female labor force on the performance of microfinance institutions of Latin America and the Caribbean. Based on data obtained in the MIX Market, the influence of women in positions such as loan officers, managers and board members were analyzed in171 IMFS from 18 countries in the region between 2010–2018, measuring efficiency, productivity, financial performance and outreach. Results show that female loan officers and female managers positively influence performance, while female board members do so negatively. However, when analyzing the influence of the female boards on those boards where they have a majority participation, better performance is observed. It is recommended to increase the female participation in the IMFs workforce, especially at higher levels

Effective disaster risk reduction requires conducting research within communities that gave recognized natural or technological risks, to foster the development of more resilient societies. However, limited information is available regarding risk perception and preparedness for technological hazards in disaster-prone urban areas of South America. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that influence public risk perception regarding the Trans-Ecuadorian Oil Pipeline System and its relationship with household preparedness for a potential accident in the Metropolitan District of Quito (Ecuador). We assess the link among knowledge, trust in authorities, risk perception, intention to prepare, and preparedness. Results from a sequential mediation analysis reveal that risk perception partially and positively mediates the relationship between knowledge and preparedness and acts as a negative full mediator between the latter and trust. These findings provide valuable information for future risk governance and communication strategies, aimed at enhancing risk perception and improving individual preparedness of individuals, as well as risk mitigation procedures

En España, la aceituna de mesa se produce principalmente en Andalucía. Destaca la producción de Sevilla. El cultivo del olivar con las variedades Manzanilla y Gordal se encuentra en un contexto bastante difícil y complejo desde hace un buen número de años. Por una parte, está en clara desventaja frente a otros sistemas olivareros con variedades con menos costes y más competitivas. Además, la fuerte expansión internacional del olivar de mesa con plantaciones intensivas y costes bajos son un serio competidor para el olivar manzanillo y para el gordal. Y por otra, se ha producido una concentración en el sector de la gran Distribución comercial, adquiriendo un elevado poder de negociación en la cadena de valor. El objetivo general es el estudio de los principales cambios en el cultivo del olivar de las variedades Manzanilla y Gordal, y la estimación de la rentabilidad de la cadena de valor

El Consejo Regulador de las Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas (IGP) de las aceitunas de mesa tradicionales sevillanas como son Aceituna Manzanilla de Sevilla y Aceituna Gordal de Sevilla junto a la Universidad de Sevilla han realizado un proyecto de investigación con el objetivo de profundizar en el conocimiento de las características geográficas de las parcelas adscritas a la IGP para disponer de una herramienta de análisis y valoración de su grado de sostenibilidad. El estudio y análisis de los datos nos permitirá comprender, y por tanto si fuera preciso intervenir, las relaciones espaciales y temporales de la producción de aceituna Manzanilla y Gordal en el marco territorial protegido de la IGP

The Circular Economy (CE) has notable potential for the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of agriculture. However, the literature on the CE has focused on the industrial sector, leaving significant gaps in the analysis of sustainable circular models in agriculture. In the case of traditional table-olive cultivation, which suffers from serious competitiveness problems, the possibilities of the CE are particularly relevant. Given the lack of previous research for the sector, this work aims to map the circular practices carried out in traditional tableolive groves and identify their drivers and barriers. To this end, an exploratory methodology of mixed approaches is proposed that combines desk research, observational fieldwork, focus groups with stakeholders and experts, and farmers’ in-depth interviews. This methodology can be generalised to other crops. The results obtained have enabled up to 59 practices to be brought to light throughout all stages of the life cycle of olive cultivation, which cover all the principles and strategies of the CE. Plant covers, the use of eco-efficient techniques, the repair and sharing of machinery and tools, and the management of organic outputs stand out. The collaborative economy and institutional support were identified as the main drivers, while technical-economic barriers and regulatory limitations constitute the main obstacles detected. Based on these results, three groups of recommendations are proposed as a guide to future policies for which certain CE practices are highlighted: increase financial incentives, create a stable legislative framework, and reinforce incentives for the collaborative economy.

Customer feedback on online platforms is an unstructured database of growing importance for organizations, which together with the rise of Natural Language Processing algorithms is increasingly present when making decisions. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis is carried out with the intention of understanding the prevailing state of research about the adoption of sentiment analysis methods in organizations when making decisions . It is also a goal to comprehend which business sectors and areas within the company they are most applied and to identify what future challenges that in this area may arise , as well a s the main topics, authors, articles, countries and universities most influential in the scientific literature. To this end, a total of 101 articles have been gathered from the Scopus and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WoS ) databases, of which 85 were selected for analysis using the Bibliometrix tool. This study highlights the growing popularity of sentiment analysis methods combined with Multicriteria Decision Making and predictive algorithms. Twitter and Amazon are commonly used data sources, with applications across multiple sectors (supply chain, financial, etc.). Sentiment a nalysis enhances decision making and promotes customer centric approaches.

Se aborda una investigación histórica centrada en la evolución del comercio de la aceituna de mesa a través del Guadalquivir y, principalmente, en sus años de apogeo desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la última década del siglo XX, como lo atestigua el que en ya en el año 1960 la comercialización de la aceituna de mesa sevillana a través del Puerto de Sevilla fue 16,3 veces mayor que en 1891 (pasando de 5,8 a 94,8 millones de Kg). El inicio y final de este periodo coincide con un momento de esplendor y decadencia, respectivamente del Puerto de Sevilla, que pasa de ser uno de los puertos más importantes del sur de España a ser sustituido en gran medida por otros puertos marítimos cercanos. En el caso concreto de la comercialización de la aceituna de mesa sevillana, el Puerto de Sevilla es principalmente sustituido por el Puerto de Algeciras.

By applying a singular perturbation approach, canard explosions exhibited by a general family of singularly perturbed planar Piecewise Linear (PWL) differential systems are analyzed. The performed study involves both hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic canard limit cycles appearing after both, a supercritical and a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. The obtained results are comparable with those obtained for smooth vector fields. In some sense, the manuscript can be understood as an extension towards the PWL framework of the results obtained for smooth systems by Dumortier and Roussarie in Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 1996, and Krupa and Szmolyan in J. Differ. Equ. 2001. In addition, some novel slow–fast behaviors are obtained. In particular, in the supercritical case, and under suitable conditions, it is proved that the limit cycles are organized along a curve exhibiting two folds. Each of these folds corresponds to a saddle–node bifurcation of canard limit cycles, one involving headless canard cycles, and the other involving canard cycles with head. This configuration also occurs in smooth systems with N-shaped fast nullcline. However, it has not been previously reported in the Van der Pol system. Our results provide justification for this observation.

Uno de los actuales problemas de la Educación Superior es la cuestión de las tasas de abandono universitario. Este trabajo aborda dicha cuestión para el Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (GADE), una de las 5 titulaciones universitarias con más salidas profesionales en el mercado español. Concretamente, se realiza un primer análisis descriptivo del abandono de los estudiantes de GADE de la Universidad de Sevilla y, apoyándonos en estudios anteriores, poniendo el foco en la dimensión de género

Financial competences are essential in the tourism industry and consequently are valued in hiring and promotion decisions. However, according to the literature, tourism graduates appear to have inadequate levels of financial skills. The perceived lack of required competences results in a competitive disadvantage for tourism graduates in favour of those who studied Management & Business Administration, or equivalent degrees. To explain this gap, some authors point to the scarcity of finance-related courses within the curriculum of most of tourism or hospitality pro- grams, but it is also suggested that the characteristics of the students enrolling in tourism and hospitality degrees could play a relevant role, highlighting that those students lack the required background knowledge and attitudes resulting in major constraints for financial competences development. Our study compares the levels of financial literacy, financial self-efficacy, numeracy, and financial interest of entry-level students enrolled in these two competing university degrees, Tourism and Management & Business Administration. Our results indicate significant differences in both variables that in addition to the scarcity of finance subjects in the tourism curriculum could affect the students’ prospects and employability.

Strain engineering, as a powerful strategy to tune the optical and electrical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials by deforming their crystal lattice, has attracted significant interest in recent years. 2D materials can sustain ultra-high strains, even up to 10%, due to the lack of dangling bonds on their surface, making them ideal brittle solids. This remarkable mechanical resilience, together with a strong strain-tunable band structure, endows 2D materials with a broad optical and electrical response upon strain. However, strain engineering based on 2D materials is restricted by their nanoscale and strain quantification troubles. In this study, we have modified a homebuilt three-points bending apparatus to transform it into a four-points bending apparatus that allows for the application of both compressive and tensile strains on 2D materials. This approach allows for the efficient and reproducible construction of a strain system and minimizes the buckling effect caused by the van der Waals interaction by adamantane encapsulation strategy. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing compressive strain on 2D materials and the potential for tuning their optical and physical properties through this approach.

This article analyses the role of conventions, compromises and even violence in the intricate bio-social construction process of cocoa cultivation in the province of Tocache in the Peruvian Amazonia. This article discusses the different phases of the settlement process and its social, institutional and environmental bases. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the dramatic abandonment of coca cultivation and its replacement by alternative crops such as cocoa. Emphasis is placed on the centrality of agents’ normative coherence and coordination. For over 50 years, the civic–market compromise has framed agents’ discourses and actions, although it has sometimes been ostensibly distorted. This framing effect has also occurred in circumstances with considerable recourse to violence and armed conflict. Thus, this article focuses not only on justification processes but also on what happens ‘after justification’ and on how violent situations can coexist with discursive constructions with a relevant normative element.

This paper strives to provide an overview of altruism around the world whilst tackling these two issues from an economic perspective. Since we address altruism at an international level, our focus is on international surveys as a way of approaching altruism, and experimental methods have been disregarded. More precisely, we have selected the most commonly used international surveys in the economic literature: Global Preference Survey (GPS), World Values Survey (WVS), International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), European Social Survey (ESS), and General Social Survey (GSS). These surveys have been widely employed to analyse the characteristics of altruistic individuals and the implications of altruism on areas as diverse as the contribution to public goods, the prevention of COVID, the reduction of corruption, the redistribution of income, and public.

Este dataset es resultado del Proyecto de I+D “PYME Turísticas, Cadenas de Valor Globales e Innovación” (INTURPYME), que fue seleccionado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad para su financiación en la convocatoria del Plan Estatal correspondiente al año 2013. Los datos proceden de una encuesta dirigida a empresarios/gerentes de PYME en las siguientes actividades: alojamiento, servicios de comidas y bebidas y de agencias de viajes, operadores turísticos, servicios de reservas y actividades relacionadas con los mismos. El marco muestral de la encuesta fue diseñado a partir de los datos del Directorio Central de Empresas –DIRCE- (INE). La definición operativa de PYME que se empleó en esta investigación es la de toda empresa que cuente al menos con un asalariado, pero que disponga de menos de 200 trabajadores. La estructura del cuestionario está compuesta por cinco apartados, con un total de 141 ítems. 1. Datos de las PYME turísticas y su participación en las cadenas de valor globales: 52 ítems. 2. Resultados de las PYME turísticas: 6 ítems. 3. Naturaleza, intensidad y tipología de la innovación de las PYME turísticas: 51 ítems. 4. Características organizativas y de gestión de las PYME turísticas: 17 ítems. 5. Características personales del empresario: 15 ítems.

Pyrazole derivatives are key in crystal engineering and liquid crystal fields and thrive in agriculture, pharmaceutical, or biomedicine industries. Such versatility relies in their supramolecular bond adaptability when forming hydrogen bonds or metal-pyrazole complexes. Interestingly, the precise structure of pyrazole-based macrocycles forming widespread porous structures is still unsolved. We bring insight into such fundamental question by studying the self-assembled structures of a bis-pyrazole derivative sublimed in ultra-high-vacuum conditions (without solvents) onto the three (111) noble metal surfaces. By means of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy that is validated by gas phase density functional theory calculations, we find a common hexagonal nanoporous network condensed by triple hydrogen bonds at the molecule–metal interface. Such assembly is disrupted and divergent after annealing: (i) on copper, the molecular integrity is compromised leading to structural chaos, (ii) on silver, an incommensurate new oblique structure requiring molecular deprotonation is found and, (iii) on gold, metal–organic complexes are promoted yielding irregular chain structures. Our findings confirm the critical role of these metals on the different pyrazole nanoporous structure formation, discarding their preference for metal incorporation into the connecting nodes whenever there is no solvent involved.

Catastrophic flank collapses are recognized as important drivers of insular biodiversity dynamics, through the disruption of species ranges and subsequent allopatric divergence. However, little empirical data supports this conjecture, with their evolutionary consequences remaining poorly understood. Using genome-wide data within a population genomics and phylogenomics framework, we evaluate how mega-landslides have impacted evolutionary and demographic history within a species complex of weevils (Curculionidae) within the Canary Island of Tenerife. We reveal a complex genomic landscape, within which individuals of single ancestry were sampled in areas characterized by long-term geological stability, relative to the timing of flank collapses. In contrast, individuals of admixed ancestry were almost exclusively sampled within the boundaries of flank collapses. Estimated divergence times among ancestral populations aligned with the timings of mega-landslide events. Our results provide first evidence for a cyclical dynamic of range fragmentation and secondary contact across flank collapse landscapes, with support for a model where this dynamic is mediated by Quaternary climate oscillations. The context within which we reveal climate and topography to interact cyclically through time to shape the geographic structure of genetic variation, together with related recent work, highlights the importance of topoclimatic phenomena as an agent of diversification within insular invertebrates.

Invasive alien species are the second cause of biodiversity loss worldwide and imply huge economic costs related to their impact on ecosystems, production systems, and human health. Quantifying these losses is a complex task, but it becomes essen- tial to evaluate the problem and support measures to prevent and control biological invasions. In the last 6 years, Rugulopteryx okamurae has invaded a large part of the rocky bottoms of the coasts of the Strait of Gibraltar. Moreover, it has meant significant losses for the economic activities that take place along the Andalusian coast. Using a mixed-method approach, this work estimated the costs associated with the pres- ence of Rugulopteryx okamurae in the municipality of Tarifa, Spain, in a minimum annual loss of more than three million euros, concentrated mainly in the fishing sector and public administration. These results buttress the relevance of prevention, early detection, and prompt action measures to soften the economic impact of future biological invasion processes in the marine-coastal environment.

The adoption of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) and its impact on firm's performance is gaining importance in both academic and corporate fields. While past studies found a positive relationship between GSCM and Corporate Environmental Performance (CEP), there is no evidence of either which are the green practices that improve CEP the most or the moderating roles that affect such relationship. In order to provide clarity as to which tools are key in leading to a stronger CEP, this study aims to examine how GSCM relates to CEP, under the effect of several moderating roles. To that end, 166 articles published between 2001 and 2023 were included in our meta-analysis sample. Our central results reveal that the link between the variables is significantly positive, with investment recovery being the practice with the strongest impact. Moreover, it is confirmed that moderators do have an impact in this relationship. Practical implications are relevant for policy makers and upper management that is willing to introduce environmental thinking in their business strategy.

This research provides new empirical evidence of the gender gap in university studies in the economics-business area based on econometric analysis (mean difference, OLS, quantile regression, logit/probit). The sample includes 717 first-year students of the 2016–2020 economics, business administration and management, and marketing degree courses at the University of Seville, Spain. Gender differences favoring female students both in the variables prior to entering the university and in university academic success indicators are documented. The findings continue to indicate the underrepresentation of women in these studies (40.4%), even though better academic performance and retention results for women are documented in the estimated models. The dissemination of these results could encourage females to choose these studies, thereby helping to achieve more equality in the profession.

This work delves into the increasing relevance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the realm of sustainable policy-making, proposing an innovative hetero-intelligence framework that blends human and artificial intelligence (AI) for tackling modern sustainability challenges. The research methodology includes a hetero-intelligence performance test, which juxtaposes human intelligence with AI in the formulation and implementation of sustainable policies. After testing this hetero-intelligence methodology, seven steps are rigorously described so that it can be replicated in any sustainability planning related context. The results underscore the capabilities and limitations of LLMs, underscoring the critical role of human intelligence in enhancing the efficacy of hetero-intelligence systems. This work fulfils the need of a rigorous methodological framework based on empirical steps that can provide unbiased outcomes to be integrated into sustainable planning and decision-making processes.

The Circular Economy (CE) has notable potential for the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of agriculture. However, the literature on the CE has focused on the industrial sector, leaving significant gaps in the analysis of sustainable circular models in agriculture. In the case of traditional table-olive cultivation, which suffers from serious competitiveness problems, the possibilities of the CE are particularly relevant. Given the lack of previous research for the sector, this work aims to map the circular practices carried out in traditional table-olive groves and identify their drivers and barriers. To this end, an exploratory methodology of mixed approaches is proposed that combines desk research, observational fieldwork, focus groups with stakeholders and experts, and farmers' in-depth interviews. This methodology can be generalised to other crops. The results obtained have enabled up to 59 practices to be brought to light throughout all stages of the life cycle of olive cultivation, which cover all the principles and strategies of the CE. Plant covers, the use of eco-efficient techniques, the repair and sharing of machinery and tools, and the management of organic outputs stand out. The collaborative economy and institutional support were identified as the main drivers, while technical-economic barriers and regulatory limitations constitute the main obstacles detected. Based on these results, three groups of recommendations are proposed as a guide to future policies for which certain CE practices are highlighted: increase financial incentives, create a stable legislative framework, and reinforce incentives for the collaborative economy.

La presente investigación, elaboró un diagnóstico de la competitividad de dos empresas petroleras de estado, PEMEX de México y Equinor de Noruega, evaluando principalmente la influencia del indicador rentabilidad en la competitividad de ambas; para las mediciones y la fundamentación del indicador mencionado fueron utilizados los estados financieros de las mismas. El análisis cuantitativo se llevó a cabo mediante un modelo econométrico ARIMA con el objetivo de examinar el desempeño económico-financiero de ambas empresas, para un periodo del 2008 al 2019. Con los resultados obtenidos del modelo, realizamos la comparativa y una proyección de su comportamiento para los años 2020, 2021 y 2022, para ello fue utilizada la metodología Box Jenkins. Los resultados para PEMEX, mostraron que el desempeño de la empresa, en cuanto a su competitividad medido por el indicador de rentabilidad, tuvo un desarrollo ineficiente con tendencia decreciente. Y para la empresa Equinor, los resultados mostraron que tiene alta eficiencia empresarial, con tendencia estable. Esta investigación contribuye a la generación de conocimiento y proporciona información que podría influir en los tomadores de decisiones para llevar a cabo mejoras empresariales.