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The application of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) provides promising age prediction models. We explored whether the gap between the pre-procedural AI-ECG age and chronological age can predict atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation. We validated a pre-trained residual network-based model for age prediction on four multinational datasets. Then we estimated AI-ECG age using a pre-procedural sinus rhythm ECG among individuals on anti-arrhythmic drugs who underwent de-novo AF catheter ablation from two independent AF ablation cohorts. We categorized the AI-ECG age gap based on the mean absolute error of the AI-ECG age gap obtained from four model validation datasets; aged-ECG (≥10 years) and normal ECG age (<10 years) groups. In the two AF ablation cohorts, aged-ECG was associated with a significantly increased risk of AF recurrence compared to the normal ECG age group. These associations were independent of chronological age or left atrial diameter. In summary, a pre-procedural AI-ECG age has a prognostic value for AF recurrence after catheter ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertensive patients with high-risk comorbidities require medications for each condition, leading to greater burden. The number of chronic conditions can affect patients' concurrent medication adherence. Objective: We aimed to compare the characteristics of groups based on their concurrent medication adherence and investigate the association between the number of high-risk comorbidities and concurrent medication adherence for patients with hypertension and high-risk comorbidities. Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed with the 2018 Korea Health Panel Survey, including 2230 patients with hypertension and at least 1 high-risk comorbidity who were prescribed medications for at least 2 conditions. Using medication adherence for each condition, we identified 3 concurrent medication adherence groups: adherent, suboptimal, and nonadherent groups. Multinominal logistic regression was used to determine the association between the number of high-risk comorbidities and the concurrent medication adherence groups. Results: Adherent, suboptimal, and nonadherent groups included 85%, 11%, and 4% of the patients, respectively. Whereas having more high-risk comorbidities was associated with belonging to the suboptimal group compared with the adherent group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.46), having fewer high-risk comorbidities was associated with belonging to the nonadherent group compared with the adherent group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.52). Conclusions: We identified 3 groups based on their concurrent medication adherence. Our results indicated that the relationship of the number of high-risk comorbidities with the concurrent medication adherence group was inconsistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Considering the importance of psychological first aid, which is the first priority when a disaster occurs, developing a web‐based simulation training program for nurses and confirming its effectiveness is necessary. Aim. This study aimed to develop an interactive simulated education program as a psychological first aid program for nurses and verify its effectiveness. Participants. Nurses working in hospitals and the community who had not participated in psychological first aid training in the last year were recruited. Methods. A web‐based interactive simulated educational program for psychological first aid was developed. To verify its effectiveness, a randomized controlled trial design was used. The experimental group participated in a web‐based educational program, while the control group was provided self‐learning data in the form of e‐books. The program's effects on disaster response core competencies, problem‐solving abilities, and self‐leadership capacity were measured. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the general characteristics, and independent t‐tests were used to analyze the differences before and after the intervention. Results. The core competencies for disaster response (t = −2.239, p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.59), problem‐solving abilities (t = −2.753, p < 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.72), and self‐leadership capacity (t = −2.073, p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.54) showed a statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions. The web‐based simulation education program for psychological first aid training developed in this study effectively enhanced nurses' ability to respond to disasters and improved their problem‐solving abilities and self‐leadership capacity. Thus, nurses can use the educational program as a tool to learn psychological first aid. This trial is registered with KCT0008965. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether differences in survival rates and clinical outcomes exist in patients undergoing TKA by insurance type: National Health Insurance (NHI) vs. Medical Aid Program (MAP). This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 762 TKAs (NHI, n = 505; MAP, n = 257) with a mean follow-up of 8.4 ± 1.8 years. Patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) were evaluated using the American Knee Society's (AKS) score at the final follow-up. The survival rate of each group was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Any postoperative complications and readmissions within 90 days of discharge were recorded and compared between the groups. There were no between-group differences in pre- to postoperative improvement in AKS scores. The estimated 10-year survival rates were 98.5% in the NHI group and 96.9% in the MAP group, respectively, with no significant differences (p = 0.48). However, the length of hospital stay (LOS) was significantly longer in the MAP group than in the NHI group (13.4 days vs. 13.1 days, p = 0.03), and the transfer rate to other departments was significantly higher in the MAP group than in the NHI group (3.9% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.04). Readmission rates for orthopedic complications for 90 days were 3.0% in the NHI group and 3.5% in the MAP group, respectively (p = 0.67). Patients' insurance type showed similar survival rates and clinical outcomes to those of primary TKA at a mean follow-up of 8.4 years, but the LOS and rate of transfer to other departments during hospitalization were influenced by insurance type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This retrospective study was conducted to identify factors associated with repeated suicide attempts by analyzing the electronic medical records of suicide attempters who visited emergency medical centers due to drug intoxication. Methods: Data from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were collected for this study and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: In this study, the factors affecting repeated suicide attempts among individuals who visited the emergency medical center due to acute drug intoxication were the presence or absence of psychiatric diseases, the season of drug intoxication, and age. In order to identify the factors affecting repeated suicide attempts in those who presented with acute drug intoxication, logistic regression analysis was performed by inputting psychiatric diseases, season of drug intoxication, and age, all of which exhibited significant differences between those who did and did not attempt suicide again. The presence of psychiatric diseases (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04~3.80), intoxication occurring in the fall (vs. spring; OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.28~8.75), and age ≥ 65 (vs. those under the age of 18; OR = 12.96, 95% CI = 2.02~83.17). The regression model was found to be statistically significant (F = 30.01, p < .001), and the coefficient of determination of Cox and Snell, which represents the explanatory power of the model, was 12.0%. Conclusion: This study suggests that to prevent repeated suicide attempts, it is necessary to develop a tool to evaluate the risk of suicide, use it to evaluate the risk of suicide, and then manage individuals accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the healing movie programs for cancer survivors on post-traumatic stress syndrome, resilience, and cognitive emotional control strategies, a quasi-experimental design. Methods: Participants included 39 cancer survivors registered in four healthcare centers in Gyeongsangnam-do. The intervention and control group included 19 and 20 participants, respectively. The healing program using movies developed in this study was provided to the intervention group in 10 sessions, occurring twice each week for 5 weeks and lasting 80 minutes per session. The data were collected using structured questionnaires and they were analyzed to examine differences in the test scores before and after the intervention. Results: In the intervention group, the post-traumatic stress syndrome (F = 14.97, p < . 001) decreased significantly and the resilience (F = 19.55, p < .001) and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (F = 5.11, p = .029) increased significantly. The difference between the intervention and control group was statistically significant in post-traumatic stress syndrome, resilience, and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation. Thus, the healing program of this study significantly reduced post-traumatic stress, and it improved both resilience and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation of cancer cancer survivors. Conclusion: The healing program is an effective psychosocial nursing intervention that helps cancer survivors feel better about their illness, and it helps them healthy transition from negative emotions to increased resilience and positive cognitive emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated changes in psychological and physiological indices in cancer survivors who participated in a forest therapy camp in Korea. Methods: A total of 37 cancer survivors (19 and 18 in the experimental and control groups, respectively) participated in this study. Over a 2-night and 3-day period, the participants in the experimental group took part in a forest therapy camp that included activities such as gymnastics, walking, five-senses experiences, and meditation. Both groups completed self-report questionnaires that measured their stress levels and profile of mood states, both before and after the forest therapy camp. Blood samples were collected to measure the levels of cortisol, serotonin, and natural killer (NK) cells. Results: After the forest therapy camp, the experimental group exhibited reduced stress levels (p = .031) and a significant improvement in total mood disturbance (p = . 047) when compared with the control group. The level of serotonin also significantly increased (p < .001). However, in contrast to the prediction, a significant increase in cortisol was noted in the experimental group relative to the control group (p = .016). Moreover, no significant difference in NK cells was noted between the two groups. Conclusion: Forest therapy can be easily applied to cancer survivors. The positive psychological effects of the forest therapy camp were confirmed by improvements in stress and mood states and the increased level of serotonin in forest therapy camp participants. However, there is a need for a follow-up evaluation of cortisol and NK cells due to the absence of significant between-group differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North Korean refugees exposed to traumatic events often experience a high recurrence of post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms. However, a post‐traumatic growth programme has the potential to transform these traumatic events into increasing post‐traumatic growth, reduced emotional stress and enhanced well‐being. This study investigated the effects of a post‐traumatic growth promotion programme on post‐traumatic stress disorder recovery among North Korean refugees. Using a non‐equivalent control group non‐synchronised pretest–posttest design, 60 North Korean refugees who have been in South Korea for 6–8 or 12–13 years were assigned to the experimental (post‐traumatic growth promotion programme; n = 30) or control group (post‐traumatic growth promotion education brochure; n = 30). The programme comprised group sessions and discussions, each lasting 120 min/session, conducted twice a week for 5 weeks. Mindfulness, anxiety, depression, blood cortisol and post‐traumatic growth were assessed at baseline, immediately after intervention and 4 weeks after intervention. The findings showed the programme was effective in significantly increasing post‐traumatic growth and decreasing anxiety, depression and cortisol level. The two‐way analysis of variance showed a significant interaction between groups and time. Consequently, this post‐traumatic growth promotion programme can be utilised as a non‐invasive, cost‐effective and safe intervention for promoting post‐traumatic growth and well‐being among North Korean refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a pre-conception care program for women of childbearing age with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Korea and verify its effects on self-efficacy for IBD management, IBD-related pregnancy knowledge, and IBD-related pregnancy anxiety. It also aimed to explore the changes in participants through the program. Methods: A convergent mixed-methods study design was adopted. In the quantitative phase, 35 women (17 and 18 in the intervention and control group, respectively) participated. The intervention group attended a program that included small-group sessions and individual tele-coaching. To confirm the effects, data were collected before and one and four weeks after the intervention. In the qualitative stage, focus group interviews and tele-coaching were conducted with the intervention group. Results: After the program ended, significant differences were observed over time between the intervention and control groups for self-efficacy for IBD management (Wald χ² = 4.41, p = .036), IBD-related pregnancy knowledge (Wald χ² = 13.80, p < .001) and IBD-related pregnancy anxiety (Wald χ² = 8.61, p = .003). Qualitative data analysis revealed the following themes: (1) improving confidence in IBD management and awareness for planned pregnancy; (2) improving IBD awareness related to pregnancy and childbirth; and (3) relieving anxiety about and actively facing pregnancy. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first to develop a pre-conception care program for women diagnosed with IBD and confirm its effectiveness. Furthermore, this program is expected to be suitable for patient counseling and education in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study analyzed the safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) bivalent and monovalent booster vaccines, including the frequency of adverse events (AEs) such as myocarditis and pericarditis, in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the Republic of Korea. We aimed to share the safety profile of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine booster doses. Methods: We analyzed the frequencies of AEs reported to the COVID-19 vaccination management system (CVMS) or self-reported through the text message survey (TMS). Diagnostic eligibility and causality with vaccines were compared using odds ratios (ORs) by vaccine type, and incidence rates per 100,000 person-days were calculated for confirmed cases of myocarditis and pericarditis following monovalent and bivalent booster doses. Results: In the CVMS, the AE reporting rate (per 100,000 doses) was lower after the bivalent booster (66.5) than after the monovalent booster (264.6). Among the AEs reported for both monovalent and bivalent vaccines 98.3% were non-serious and 1.7% were serious. According to the TMS, both local and systemic AEs were reported less frequently after the bivalent vaccination than after the monovalent vaccination in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (p<0.001). The incidence rates per 100,000 person-days for confirmed myocarditis/pericarditis following monovalent and bivalent booster doses were 0.03 and 0.05, respectively; this difference was not statistically significant (OR, 1.797; 95% confidence interval, 0.210-15.386). Conclusion: AEs in 12- to 17-year-olds following the bivalent booster were less frequent than those following the monovalent booster in the Republic of Korea, and no major safety issues were identified. However, the reporting rates for AEs were low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a physical restraints education program using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill (IMB) model and examine its effects on physical restraint-related knowledge, attitudes, nursing practices, and person-centered care of nursing care providers in longterm care hospitals. Methods: A nonequivalent control group repeated measures quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were 54 nursing care providers (intervention group=27, control group=27) in long-term care hospitals from Busan. The IMB model-based education program was developed and implemented once a week for 3 weeks. The program involved brain writing, lectures, poster or slogan creation, writing diary to reduce the use of restraint, and shouting slogans. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires at pretest, immediately after the program completed (3 weeks after pretest), and 4 weeks after completing the program (7 weeks after pretest). Analysis was conducted using χ 2 -test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 28.0 program. Results: The participants consisted of nurses (40.7%), nursing assistants (40.7%), and care workers (18.5%). The education program had statistically significant effects on knowledge (F=46.38, p<.001), attitude (F=42.70, p<.001), nursing practice (F=31.29, p<.001), and person-centered care (F=27.74, p<.001) regarding physical restraints. The intervention's effects remained for 4 weeks after the completion of the intervention. Conclusion: This education program effectively enhanced nursing care providers' knowledge, attitude, nursing practice, and person-centered care concerning physical restraints. Future research is warranted to provide a regularly repeated program and evaluate the direct effects on the frequency of physical restraints for nursing care providers in long-term care hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to determine the effect on halitosis and the antibacterial effect against halitosis‐causing bacteria of the mouthwash made of the natural material, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) extract. Materials and Methods: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted on 60 patients who visited M dental clinic located in Busan, South Korea, excluding those with systemic disease that may induce halitosis. There were 30 patients classified to the saline gargle group and the remaining 30 patients were classified to the G. uralensis extract gargle group. In addition, their level of halitosis and halitosis‐causing bacteria were measured. They visited the dental clinic on a fasted state at baseline before gargle application (Baseline), immediately after gargle application (Treatment) and 5 days after gargle application (After 5 Days). For clinical indicators, participants were tested for halitosis and bacteria immediately after waking up without brushing their teeth and without hydration. Results: The prevalence of halitosis decreased in the G. uralensis extract gargle group compared to the saline gargle group at Treatment and After 5 Days. In cases with pseudo halitosis, there was a significant decrease in halitosis‐causing bacteria when G. uralensis extract gargle was applied (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It was identified that using a mouthwash made with G. uralensis extract is effective for halitosis improvement and reduction of halitosis‐causing bacteria. Therefore, using a mouthwash containing G. uralensis extract, it will be effective in improving bad breath and oral hygiene will be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of diabetes has increased worldwide. Therefore, interest in improving glycemic control for diabetes has grown, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has recently received attention as an effective glycemic control method. This study developed and evaluated the effectiveness of an education program for pattern management using CGM based on Whittemore and Roy's middle-range theory of adapting to diabetes mellitus. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 adult patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The experimental group was treated with a pattern management program using CGM for 12 weeks and six personalized education sessions were provided to the patients through face-to-face education and phone monitoring. Results: The frequency of diabetes-related symptoms in the experimental group decreased, and social support (t = 2.95, p = 0.005), perceived benefits (t = 3.72, p < 0.001) and self-care significantly increased (t = 6.09, p < 0.001). Additionally, the program was found to be effective in improving HbA1c (t = −3.83, p < 0.001), FBS (t = −2.14, p = 0.038), and HDL-C (t = 2.39, p = 0.021). Conclusion: The educational program developed through this study can be implemented as a self-management approach for individuals with type 2 diabetes using CGM, aimed at enhancing glycemic control and preventing complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cardio‐cerebrovascular disease is the major cause of work‐related deaths. Salutogenesis indicates individual differences in health levels occur owing to differences in the sense of coherence (SOC). A salutogenesis‐based intervention may promote cardio‐cerebrovascular health at work. This study examined the effects of a SOC promotion program based on salutogenesis. Design: Quasi‐experimental study. Sample: Fifty‐six office workers who were above the "low risk" of cardio‐cerebrovascular disease from two workplaces were included in the final analysis. Measurements: Data collected pre‐ and postintervention. To determine the intervention's effectiveness, repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used. Intervention: The intervention group was provided with the SOC promotion program, whereas the control group was provided with educational materials alone for 12 weeks. Results: Generalized resistance resources (GRRs; knowledge of cardio‐cerebrovascular disease prevention, stress‐coping strategies, and social support) and SOC significantly improved in the intervention group. The intervention group showed significant improvements in occupational stress, physical activity, dietary behavior, total cholesterol level, fasting glucose level, hemoglobin A1C level, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and cardio‐cerebrovascular risk. Conclusions: Systematic salutogenesis‐based SOC promotion programs should be established to enhance the cardio‐cerebrovascular health of office workers at‐risk of cardio‐cerebrovascular diseases. Trial Registration: Trial Registration Number is KCT0007029. The date of registration is February 23, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nefopam and propacetamol are the most commonly used analgesics in postoperative multimodal analgesic regimens. Distinct mechanisms are involved in each drug's anti-nociceptive effects. No studies have compared pain relief efficacy between the two drugs in patients undergoing transplantation surgery. Here, we investigated whether the administration of nefopam or propacetamol to healthy living kidney donors who underwent rectus sheath block (RSB) for parietal pain could reduce the subsequent opioid dose necessary to produce adequate analgesia. Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial included 72 donors undergoing elective hand-assisted living donor nephrectomy into two groups: propacetamol (n = 36) and nefopam (n = 36). Intraoperative RSB was performed in all enrolled donors. The primary outcome was the total volume of intravenous opioid-based patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) used on postoperative day 1 (POD 1). Additionally, the Numeric Rating Scale scores for flank (visceral) and umbilicus (parietal) pain at rest and during coughing were compared, and the Korean adaptation of the Quality of Recovery-15 Questionnaire (QoR-15 K) was evaluated on POD 1. Results: Both groups had similar preoperative and intraoperative characteristics. On POD 1, the total amount of PCA infusion was significantly lower in the nefopam group than in the propacetamol group (44.5 ± 19.3 mL vs. 70.2 ± 29.0 mL; p < 0.001). This group also reported lower pain scores at the flank and umbilical sites and required fewer rescue doses of fentanyl in the post-anesthesia care unit. However, pain scores and fentanyl consumption in the ward were comparable between groups. The QoR-15 K scores were similar between groups; there were substantial improvements in breathing, pain severity, and anxiety/depression levels in the nefopam group. The incidences of postoperative complications, including sweating and tachycardia, were similar between groups. Conclusion: Compared with propacetamol, nefopam provides a greater analgesic effect for visceral pain and enhances the effects of blocks that reduce the opioid requirement in living kidney donors with parietal pain managed by RSB. Trial registration: The trial was registered prior to patient enrollment in the clinical trial database using the Clinical Research Information Service (registration no. KCT0007351, Date of registration 03/06/2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A virtual-reality-simulation-based nursing education program incorporating an information processing model helps nursing students develop their learned knowledge as nursing behavior and develop their ability to cope with complex clinical challenges. The purpose of this study is to develop a nursing education program using an immersive virtual reality simulation app for clinical situations based on an information processing model and identify the effects. A non-quantitative control group pretest–post-test design was employed. The programs were developed using the ADDIE model and an information processing model. In order to verify the effectiveness of the program, six adult nursing learning issues were taught to the experimental group over 6 weeks. The nursing education program in this study provides comprehensive experiential learning through advanced virtual simulation, significantly enhancing nursing students' performance confidence, critical-thinking abilities, and problem-solving skills across a wide range of clinical scenarios. By repeatedly engaging with diverse learning topics related to adult nursing, this program not only equips students with essential practical skills but also contributes to the overall improvement of patient safety and the quality of medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With the recent increase in interest in patient safety, prevention of falls in hospitalized children has become important. This study aimed to identify the incidence rate of falls among hospitalized children and explore fall-related characteristics. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study analyzed the medical information of 18,119 patients aged <18 years admitted to a general hospital in South Korea from electronic medical records and fall event reports between January 1, 2018, and September 30, 2023. The study variables included the general and clinical characteristics of the fall group and fall-related characteristics of the fall events. This study employed descriptive statistics and a chisquare test using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: Among the patients, 82 fall events were identified. Therefore, the fall incidence rate was 4.5 falls per 1,000 patients. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was found concerning the type of injury sustained between children >1 year old and those <1 year old, and most cases had no damage or bruises. More cases were found in which falls occurred two days after hospitalization in winter and summer than on the day or the day after hospitalization, which was a statistically significant difference. In addition, fall prevalence was higher between 8 am and 4 pm, and when no caregiver was present. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, education and interventions to prevent fall events in infants and toddlers should persist throughout hospitalization, and it is necessary to guide continuous management and observation of the caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: SB3 is a trastuzumab biosimilar approved in Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, the Republic of Korea, Switzerland, and the USA. This real-world study evaluated safety and effectiveness of SB3 as part of the Korean post approval safety management system. Methods: This post-marketing surveillance in Korea included patients in line with approved indications, i.e., patients with early or metastatic breast cancer or metastatic gastric cancer. Safety outcomes were adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions. Effectiveness outcomes were tumor response and event-free survival. Results: 424 patients were evaluated: 366 patients (86%) with early breast cancer, 53 patients (13%) with metastatic breast cancer, and 5 patients (1%) with metastatic gastric cancer. Among patients with breast cancer, AEs (mostly mild) and adverse drug reactions were reported by 158 (37.7%) and 57 (13.6%) patients, respectively. Most patients with an AE (141, 89.2%) had no change in treatment schedule. Treatment was temporarily suspended in 14 (8.9%) patients with an AE and completely discontinued in 7 (4.4%). Among patients with early and metastatic breast cancer who were evaluated for efficacy, objective response rates were 82.7% and 38.3%, respectively. Pathological complete response was 64.6% in patients with early breast cancer. Discussion/Conclusion: Safety and efficacy of SB3 demonstrated in this real-world study were comparable with previous studies of reference trastuzumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated exercise participation, health status, and barriers to exercise in 109 individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) using a self-report questionnaire. The responses of the exercise and non-exercise groups were statistically analyzed using t-tests or Fisher's exact test. Significant differences were observed in the cause of injury and the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale between the groups. The non-exercise group had a higher incidence of traumatic and complete injuries. Demographic factors such as gender, age, income level, and marital status did not significantly influence exercise participation. The exercise group reported lower pain scores, less inconvenience from complications, and higher activity and participation scores. However, less than half of the individuals with SCI met the recommended exercise intensity, and community facility usage was low. Barriers to exercise participation included severe disabilities, lack of time, insufficient exercise information, and lack of facility accessibility. To enhance exercise among individuals with SCI, it is essential to develop and extend exercise programs tailored to individual physical factors and a comprehensive understanding of barriers. Prioritizing community-based data management, alongside developing social systems and health policies, is crucial to overcome barriers to exercise participation for individuals with SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional treatments for allergic rhinitis (AR) exhibit insufficiency and long-term use-related side effects. Considering the reported anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of Bojungikgi-tang (BJIGT), we aimed to assess its efficacy on persistent AR (PAR). Patients with PAR were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio into high-dose BJIGT, standard-dose BJIGT, and placebo groups, followed by 1-week run-in and 4-week treatment periods. The primary outcome included the mean change in Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), with secondary outcomes encompassing the Korean Allergic Rhinitis-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, biomarkers, overall assessment, TNSS by AR pattern identification, and the Sasang constitution. The mean TNSS change was more improved in the BJIGT group than in the placebo group; however, no statistically significant differences were observed. Additional interaction effect analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in the high-dose BJIGT group compared with the placebo group from weeks 1–2 to weeks 3–4. Regarding secondary outcomes, the BJIGT group exhibited similar or improved results compared with the placebo group, showing no statistically significant differences. No serious adverse effects or clinically significant changes in safety assessments were observed. Given that this study validated clinical improvement and safety, it serves as potential groundwork for pertinent future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-care intervention using a mobile instant messenger on hemodialysis patient`s knowledge, self-efficacy, self-care behavior and physiological indices. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants consisted of 38 patients who had a regular hemodialysis of Seoul National University Hospital. They were assigned to one of two groups; an experimental group (n = 19) that had self-care intervention for 8 weeks and a control groups (n = 19) that had routine hemodialysis treatment. The data collection was conducted from September 5, 2022 to October 29, 2022. The date were analyzed by Chi-square test, Independent t-test, and Fisher`s exact test using SPSS Win 29 program. Results: There was a significant difference in self-efficacy (t = 3.42, p = .002) between experimental and control groups. There was no significant differences between the two groups in knowledge (t = 0.80, p = .428), self-care behavior (t = 0.09, p = .929), potassium (t = -0.82 p = .416), phosphorus (t = -0.03, p = .974), weight gain (t = 0.16, p = .867). Conclusion: Based on above results, it was verified that self-care intervention in this study was an effective indicator in improving the self-efficacy. There is a requirement to formulate comprehensive interventions capable of enhancing various indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of a media literacy‐based smoking prevention program based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior in female adolescents. Methods: This quasi‐experimental study was conducted with female high school students aged 16–17 years in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The program provided eight sessions over 4 weeks. Quantitative data were collected before and after online surveys in an intervention (n = 21) and control (n = 21) groups, and analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. Qualitative data on participation experiences was collected by requesting the participants to answer open‐ended questions once a week during the intervention and performing co‐occurrence analysis of specific terms in the responses was conducted through text mining. Results: Although the program decreased smoking intention and increased smoking media literacy in the intervention group, there were no significant differences between the groups. Qualitative results obtained from the intervention group showed cognitive and behavioral changes in the perception of the harmfulness of e‐cigarettes in the media and the expression of a willingness to overcome the temptation to smoke. Conclusions: Our findings show that the enhancement of smoking media literacy, specifically by correcting misconceptions regarding e‐cigarettes promoted by the new media, contributes smoking prevention in female adolescents. It supports calls for an expanded role of public health professionals in health education at the school level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We investigated the incidence of and risk factors for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in patients with rheumatologic disease. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who were diagnosed with rheumatologic diseases at a tertiary care hospital between May 2009 and July 2022 and identified the patients who were subsequently diagnosed with MDS. Each patient with MDS was matched with five age- and sex-matched controls chosen from the cohort of patients with each specific rheumatologic disease. Results During a total follow-up of 55 841 person-years (PY), MDS occurred in 64 patients, yielding an incidence rate of 1.15/1000 PY {median age 57.0 years [interquartile range (IQR) 41.0–69.0], median duration to MDS diagnosis 6.5 years (IQR 3.0–9.0)]. In an age-matched analysis, SLE was a significant risk factor for MDS [adjusted hazard ratio 2.61 (CI 1.19, 36.06), P  = 0.01]. Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia was the most common phenotype of MDS (35.9%), and more than half of the patients had karyotypes with a favourable prognosis (54.7%). Compared with matched controls, RA, SLE and AS patients with MDS had lower levels of haemoglobin at the time of diagnosis of rheumatologic disease. Furthermore, the MDS patients with SLE and Behçet's disease had higher levels of glucocorticoid use in terms of frequency of use and mean dose than control patients. Conclusion SLE is a significant risk factor for MDS among patients with rheumatologic diseases. A lower haemoglobin level at the time of diagnosis of rheumatologic disease was associated with the future development of MDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even though arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is recognized as a standard treatment option, the risk of postoperative retear is a major concern. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of porcine-derived absorbable patch-type atelocollagen during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 64 patients with rotator cuff tears diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were enrolled prospectively from November 2020 to December 2021. Both groups had repairs using the suture bridge technique. For the atelocollagen group, before securing the lateral anchors, we inserted porcine-derived absorbable patch-type atelocollagen between the footprint and the tendon. On postoperative day 2, the patients underwent MRI to confirm containment of the patch-type atelocollagen. At 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, the signal intensity of the repaired tendon was assessed using MRI. Patients were evaluated using the Constant score as the primary outcome, along with the visual analog scale for pain; range of motion; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score; University of California, Los Angeles, score; and Korean Shoulder Score preoperatively and at 2, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Results: No significant changes in the Constant score as primary outcome, pain or other functional scores, and range of motion were observed between the groups at 1 year postoperatively. The patch-type atelocollagen was confirmed to be contained by the time-zero MRI scan taken 2 days postoperatively. Among the 55 patients included in final analysis, 12 retear cases were recorded (21.8% retear rate). A significantly lower retear rate was found in the atelocollagen group, as 3 cases were observed in this group (10.3%) and 9 cases were observed in the conventional repair group (34.6%) (P =.048). Conclusion: The Constant score was not different between the groups. The retear rate after rotator cuff repair was significantly lower in the group that received porcine-derived absorbable patch-type atelocollagen compared with in the conventional group. Registration: KCT0005184 (Clinical Research Information Service [CRIS]; https://cris.nih.go.kr). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Our study aimed to compare the operative and survival outcomes between radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) and conventional distal pancreatosplenctomy (cDPS), and identify prognostic factors for left-sided pancreatic cancer. We performed a retrospective propensity score match (PSM) analysis from 333 patients who underwent RAMPS or cDPS for left-sided pancreatic cancer. After PSM, 99 cohorts were matched in each group. We compared survival and operative outcomes and assessed prognostic factors. R0 resection rate was similar between both groups, and R1 resection rate was a significant prognostic factor. RAMPS was found to be safe, feasible, and to improve the number of retrieved lymph nodes. However, when R0 resection was similar in both groups, RAMPS was not associated with improved survival. Adjuvant treatment was a significant independent prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival, but operation type was not. (1) Background: The aim of this study was to compare the survival benefit of radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) with conventional distal pancreatosplenectomy (cDPS) in left-sided pancreatic cancer. (2) Methods: A retrospective propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted on 333 patients who underwent RAMPS or cDPS for left-sided pancreatic cancer at four tertiary cancer centers. The study assessed prognostic factors and compared survival and operative outcomes. (3) Results: After PSM, 99 patients were matched in each group. RAMPS resulted in a higher retrieved lymph node count than cDPS (15.0 vs. 10.0, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of R0 resection rate, blood loss, hospital stay, or morbidity. The 5-year overall survival rate was similar in both groups (cDPS vs. RAMPS, 44.4% vs. 45.2%, p = 0.853), and disease-free survival was also comparable. Multivariate analysis revealed that ASA score, preoperative CA19-9, histologic differentiation, R1 resection, adjuvant treatment, and lymphovascular invasion were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. Preoperative CA19-9, histologic differentiation, T-stage, adjuvant treatment, and lymphovascular invasion were independent significant prognostic factors for disease-free survival. (4) Conclusions: Although RAMPS resulted in a higher retrieved lymph node count, survival outcomes were not different between the two groups. RAMPS was a surgical option to achieve R0 resection rather than a standard procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Virtual simulation-based education for healthcare professionals has emerged as a strategy for dealing with infectious disease disasters, particularly when training at clinical sites is restricted due to the risk of infection and a lack of personal protective equipment. This research evaluated a virtual simulation-based education program intended to increase nurses' perceived competence in providing psychological support to patients affected by infectious disease disasters. Methods: The efficacy of the program was evaluated via a randomized controlled trial. We recruited 104 nurses for participation in the study and allocated them randomly and evenly to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was given a web address through which they could access the program, whereas the control group was provided with a web address that directed them to text-based education materials. Data were then collected through an online survey of competence in addressing disaster mental health, after which the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(version 23.0). Results: The analysis showed that the experimental group's disaster mental health competence (F = 5.149, p =.026), problem solving process (t = 3.024, p =.003), self-leadership (t = 2.063, p =.042), learning self-efficacy (t = 3.450, p =.001), and transfer motivation (t = 2.095, p =.039) significantly statistically differed from those of the control group. Conclusions: A virtual nursing simulation-based education program for psychological support can overcome limitations of time and space. The program would also be an effective learning resource during infectious disease outbreaks. Clinical trial registration: This Korean clinical trial was retrospectively registered (21/11/2023) in the Clinical Research Information Service (https://cris.nih.go.kr) with trial registration number KCT0008965. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the incidence of altered level of consciousness after hemorrhagic stroke and identify factors associated with altered level of consciousness at 3 mos after stroke. Design: This study used data from a prospectivemulticenter cohort study conducted in nine hospitals in Korea and included 1677 patients with first-ever hemorrhagic stroke. Patients were dichotomized into those with and without altered level of consciousness at 3mos after stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysiswas performed to identify factors associated with subacute to chronic stage altered level of consciousness. Results:Among patientswith hemorrhagic stroke (age: 20-99 yrs, female 50.21%), the prevalence of altered level of consciousness at admission was 38.58% (25.4% [drowsy], 6.38% [stupor], and 6.8% [coma]) and 17.29% 3 mos after stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that independent factors associated with altered level of consciousness at 3 mos after stroke included late seizure (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 5.93 [1.78-20.00]), stroke progression (3.84 [1.48-9.64]), craniectomy (2.19 [1.19-4.00]), history of complications (1.74 [1.18-2.55]), age at stroke onset (1.08 [1.07-1.10]), and initial Glasgow Coma Scale score category (0.36 [0.30-0.44]). Conclusions: The factors associated with altered level of consciousness at 3 mos after stroke should be considered when explaining long-term consciousness status and focused management of modifiable factors in acute care hospitals could help ameliorate altered level of consciousness and promote recovery after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard treatment for early malignant stomach lesions. However, this procedure is technically demanding and carries a high complication risk. The level of difficulty in performing ESD is influenced by the location of the lesion. In our study, we aimed to investigate and analyze the effectiveness of robot-assisted ESD for lesions situated in challenging locations within the stomach. Methods: We developed a gastric simulator that could be used to implement various gastric ESD locations. An EndoGel (Sunarrow, Tokyo, Japan) was attached to the simulator for the dissection procedures. Robot-assisted or conventional ESD was performed at challenging or easy locations by two ESD-trainee endoscopists. Results: The procedure time was remarkably shorter for robotic ESD than conventional dissection at challenging locations (6.2 vs. 10.2 min, P < 0.05), mainly due to faster dissection (220.3 vs. 101.9 mm2/min, P < 0.05). The blind dissection rate was significantly lower with robotic ESD than with the conventional method (17.6 vs. 35.2%, P < 0.05) at challenging locations. Conclusion: The procedure time was significantly shortened when robot-assisted gastric ESD procedures were performed at challenging locations. Therefore, our robotic device provides simple, effective, and safe multidirectional traction for endoscopic submucosal dissection at challenging locations, thereby reducing difficulty of the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a problem-based learning program for occupational health nursing using smart learning, and to report the program's effects on occupational health knowledge and nursing professionalism. A quasi-experimental study was performed using a non-equivalent control group pre-test–post-test design. An occupational health nursing problem-based learning program using smart learning was developed, and students produced videos containing problem-solving strategies in groups. The experimental and control groups consisted of 34 and 29 participants, respectively. To collect data, an online survey was conducted before and immediately after the intervention. The experimental and control group's mean scores for occupational health knowledge before the intervention were 5.74 and 7.41, respectively. Additionally, the mean scores for nursing professionalism were 3.45 and 3.66. After the intervention, both the knowledge on occupational health and nursing professionalism score improved to 8.26 and 3.64 in the experimental group. This study reported significant improvements after conducting the occupational health nursing education program. These results demonstrate the need to develop a nursing education program for problem-based learning utilizing smart learning. Moreover, filming videos in cooperation with students can improve the effectiveness of education by improving knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to explore the relationship between the presence of hypertension or dyslipidemia and the recognition of early symptoms of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke. It is crucial for individuals with hypertension or dyslipidemia to recognize early symptoms of AMI and stroke, as timely and appropriate intervention can lead to favorable health outcomes. The study enrolled 104 participants aged 19 and above who are current residents of the Icheon region, Gyeonggi, Korea. The assessment of early symptoms of AMI and stroke utilized adapted items from the Korea Community Health Survey. In consideration of health literacy and education attainment, logistic regression analyses were conducted. While there was no significant association between hypertension and awareness of AMI or stoke symptoms, individuals with dyslipidemia demonstrated enhanced recognition of specific AMI symptoms, such as 'sudden chest pain or pressure' and 'sudden feeling of breathlessness'. No significant associations were observed between hypertension or dyslipidemia and awareness of stroke symptoms. The study emphasized the significance of targeted health education programs for individuals with chronic conditions to enhance their awareness of early symptoms of AMI and stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acupuncture is a potentially effective non-pharmacological treatment for insomnia. Objective: We observed the responses of patients with insomnia to acupuncture in routine clinical practice. In addition, we explored patient characteristics that might affect the treatment response to acupuncture for insomnia. Methods: Medical records of patients with insomnia in a Korean medicine clinic with baseline Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores ⩾8 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores ⩾5 were reviewed. Acupuncture was applied at ST43, GB41, ST41, SI5, HT3, KI10, HT7 and ST3, for 1–2 months. The ISI and PSQI were measured monthly to assess insomnia severity. The effect of acupuncture over time was analyzed using a multilevel linear model for repeated measures. In addition, logistic regression was used to explore predictors of treatment response. Results: A total of 91 patients with insomnia aged 59.2 ± 12.5 years (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) (90.1% female) were included in the analysis. After the acupuncture treatment, ISI scores were significantly reduced by −3.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) = −4.99, −2.50) and −4.69 (95% CI = −6.22, −3.16) after the first and second month, respectively. The PSQI global scores also improved, and sleep duration showed a tendency to increase by 0.35 h (95% CI = −0.17, 0.86) after acupuncture treatment. Three cases of mild fatigue were reported. In addition, higher baseline pain/discomfort predicted a greater likelihood of response after acupuncture treatment (odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.10, 2.60). Conclusion: In a real-world setting, the insomnia of outpatients in a clinic was slightly alleviated after acupuncture treatment. These findings require validation by randomized controlled trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The significant rise in cardiac arrest cases within hospitals, coupled with a low survival rate, poses a critical health issue. And in most situations, nurses are the first responders. To develop nursing students' competencies in advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation, systematic and repetitive learner-centered self-directed education that can promote the integration of knowledge and practice is necessary. Objectives: To develop an advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation training program using a web-based serious game for nursing students and verifying its efficacy. Design: The program was developed based on the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, and the Input Process Outcome Model of Serious Game Design formed the theoretical basis. Settings and participants: The research design employed a before-and-after non-equivalent control group, and data collection took place among 2nd and 3rd year nursing students at K University in D City, Korea, from March 2, 2023, to March 24, 2023. Methods: The program consisted of a 120-min video lecture, 30 min of a web-based serious game, 30-min of written self-reported debriefing, and individual feedback using a video conference system. The effectiveness of the program was measured for both groups using an 89-item structured questionnaire regarding knowledge, confidence in performance, problem-solving ability, and learning transfer expectations. Results: The program was effective in improving nursing students' advanced cardiopulmonary knowledge, confidence in performance, problem-solving ability, and learning transfer expectation immediately after intervention. Conclusions: This program underscores the necessity of a new direction in nursing education, emphasizing learner-centered approaches, rather than the traditional focus on the mere transmission of basic knowledge and skills, to cultivate nurses with advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The extent of postoperative pain following transoral thyroidectomy is not well-understood and remains a subject of debate. This study aims to analyze and compare postoperative pain levels between patients undergoing transoral and conventional transcervical thyroidectomy. Methods: A prospective evaluation on postoperative pain was conducted in 310 patients undergoing conventional thyroidectomy and 194 undergoing transoral thyroidectomy. Pain levels were evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS, ranging from 0 to 10) through preoperative and postoperative questionnaires at specified time points: 1, 3, and 6 days, and 1 and 3 months following surgery. Propensity score-matched analysis was carried out based on six covariates: sex, age, body mass index, extent of thyroidectomy, tumor size, and central neck dissection. Results: After propensity score matching based on the six covariates, 121 patient pairs were identified from each group. Within this matched cohort, postoperative pain scores significantly worsened 1 day after surgery but showed progressive recovery up to 3 months post-surgery in both groups. The transoral group exhibited higher postoperative pain scores than the conventional group from day 1 (4.43 ± 2.6 vs. 3.11 ± 2.5, p < 0.001) to day 6 (1.76 ± 1.9 vs. 1.13 ± 1.6, p = 0.016) post-surgery, with no significant difference noted at 1 month. Among transoral procedures, pain scores were significantly higher for the endoscopic approach compared to the robotic approach on days 1 (5.52 ± 2.3 vs. 4.29 ± 2.3, p = 0.028) and 3 (3.52 ± 2.5 vs. 2.64 ± 2.0, p = 0.047) post-surgery. Conclusions: Postoperative pain was significantly higher in transoral thyroidectomy compared to conventional thyroidectomy up to 6 days post-surgery. Within the transoral group, the robotic procedure resulted in lower pain levels than the endoscopic approach during the early postoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated palliative care physicians’ attitudes regarding social issues related to opioid use. Methods: An email survey was sent to 674 physicians who were members of the Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care (KSHPC). Results: Data from 66 physicians were analyzed (response rate, 9.8%). About 70% of participants stated that their prescribing patterns were not influenced by social issues related to opioid use, and 90% of participants thought that additional regulations should be limited to non-cancer pain. Under the current circumstances, pain education for physicians is urgently needed, as well as increased awareness among the public. Half of the respondents identified the KSHPC as the primary organization responsible for providing pain education. Conclusion: Palliative care physicians’ prescribing patterns were not influenced by social issues related to opioid use, and these issues also should not affect cancer pain control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study investigated experiences of traumatic perinatal events, the provision of related education, and educational needs of nurses working in the labor and delivery room (LDR). Methods: Nurses working in the LDRs of six institutions and two nurse portal sites were invited to participate in the survey, delivered on paper or online. The data were collected from October 1 to November 25, 2022. Data from 129 nurses were analyzed using frequency, the chi-square test, the Fisher exact test, the t-test, and analysis of variance. Results: Virtually all participants (98.6%) reported having experienced at least one traumatic perinatal event (dystocia, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal congenital anomalies, severe maternal or neonatal injury, stillbirth, and maternal or neonatal death) while working in the LDR. The most shocking traumatic perinatal event experienced was the maternal or neonatal death (40.3%), but 24.8% of participants did not recall ever receiving education on the topic. About 63% of participants experienced traumatic perinatal events within a year of working in the LDR. The average score for education needs regarding traumatic perinatal events was 3.67±0.37 out of 4, and participants preferred simulation education as the most effective educational method. Conclusion: Since most of the participants had experienced various traumatic perinatal events in the early stages of working in the LDR and expressed a high level of need for education on traumatic perinatal events, it is necessary to provide more effective stimulation education programs in the early period of work in the LDR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group study developed an eight-session post-traumatic growth program for teachers who had experienced violence from students and/or parents and examined its effects on rumination, burnout, and post-traumatic growth. A convenience sample was recruited from 11 elementary schools in Jeonbuk province, South Korea. The experimental group (n = 27) participated in bi-weekly sessions over four weeks, whereas the control group (n = 27) read educational materials on post-traumatic growth during the same period. The experimental group exhibited significantly greater decreases in intrusive rumination and higher post-traumatic growth than the control group. The program could be an effective intervention to assist traumatized teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the readmission of heart transplant recipients through survival analysis. Methods: We collected data from heart transplant recipients who were discharged after surgery between November 2005 and September 2020 from the electronic medical records of Y University Hospital in Seoul. The Kaplan-Meier estimation was utilized to calculate the survival rate, and Cox's proportional hazards model was employed to determine the factors influencing readmission within 1 year. Results: Out of 150 heart transplant recipients, 81 (54.0%) were readmitted within one year. The median time to readmission was 231 days. An increased duration of postoperative days was associated with a higher risk of readmission (p=.016). Groups with abnormal sodium levels (p<.001), those requiring postoperative hemodialysis (p=.013), patients with chronic kidney disease (p=.002), dyslipidemia (p=.040), or diabetes mellitus (p=.045) also faced higher readmission risks. In the final model, sodium levels (hazard ratio [HR]=2.31, p<.001) and chronic kidney disease (HR=1.67, p=.045) were significant risk factors for readmission (x2=31.90, p<.001). Conclusion: Interventions to improve kidney function and a multidisciplinary approach are needed to reduce readmission of heart transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) causes severe pain which can lead to decreased quality-of-life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inhalation of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) oil and its major components (linalool and linalyl acetate) on the pain in patients with PHN. Methods: This study was performed at an outpatient clinic. Sixty-four patients with postherpetic neuralgia were randomly allocated to a control group (almond oil) or one of three experimental groups (lavender oil, linalool, or linalyl acetate diluted in almond oil at concentration of 1% v/v), and the participants inhaled the aroma by natural breathing. Quality, severity, and intensity of pain were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Six patients discontinued the intervention for personal reasons; hence, data from 58 patients were analyzed (control group, n = 14; 1% lavender oil group, n = 15; 1% linalool, n = 15; 1% linalyl acetate, n = 14). Reduction in sensory pain was greater in the 1% lavender oil group, 1% linalool group, and 1% linalyl acetate group than in the control group (all P < 0.001). Reduction in affective pain was greater in the 1% lavender group (P < 0.001) and the 1% linalool group (P = 0.007) than in the control group. Decreases in pain severity and intensity were significantly greater in all three intervention groups than in the control group. Conclusions: Inhalation of lavender oil and its major volatile components effectively reduced the quality, severity, and intensity of postherpetic pain, suggesting that lavender oil, linalool, and linalyl acetate may each be an effective intervention for reducing pain in patients with postherpetic neuralgia. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered on the Clinical Research Information Service. Registration number: KCT0007772, first registration 06/10/2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing practice education using mobile learning or m-learning for nursing students. A nonequivalent control group post-test design was used. Overall, 42 nursing students participated in the study. A three-week nursing practice education program was developed using the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The course was implemented on the basis of Gagne's nine instructional situations. The findings demonstrated improvements in clinical competency (t = 7.44, p < 0.001) and problem solving (t = 2.29, p = 0.028). Accordingly, the study recommends introducing m-learning in nursing practice education using tablet PCs, as part of a newer nursing practicum training strategy that takes into account the factors identified in this study. It is also suggested that a continuous m-learning approach and development plan for nursing students be prepared to achieve technically advanced nursing practice education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disaster nursing deploys professional nursing knowledge and skills systematically to reduce disaster-related risks to life and health. Disaster nursing education requires providing simulations using standardized patients. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop, based on the International Council of Nurses' Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies, a simulation-based disaster nursing education program for nursing students that employed standardized patients. Methods: A nonequivalent, control group, pretest-and-posttest design was used. Participants were senior nursing students from two universities, with 70 assigned to the experimental group, 35 assigned to the comparison group, and 35 assigned to the control group. Data were collected from January 25 to April 3, 2019. The simulation-based disaster nursing education program consisted of a 60-minute theoretical lecture on disaster management and two scenarios. The effectiveness of the simulation-based disaster nursing education program was measured using levels of disaster nursing competencies, disaster triage competency, disaster preparedness, critical thinking disposition, and confidence in disaster nursing. Results: Significant differences were found between the experimental and comparison/control groups in terms of disaster nursing competencies (F = 20.06, p < .001), nursing triage (F = 17.35, p < .001), disaster preparedness (F = 60.37, p < .001), critical thinking disposition (F = 19.63, p < .001), and confidence in disaster nursing (F = 20.24, p < .001). Conclusions: Simulation-based disaster nursing education programs using standardized patients can be useful in disaster nursing education. They can contribute to future changes in nursing education and practice by improving the disaster nursing capabilities and preparedness of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between chronic low back pain (CLBP) and chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between 2010–2012 and included women who answered a questionnaire in the KNHANES asking whether they had low back pain for ≥3 months. Participants were divided into non-CLBP and CLBP groups. For statistical analysis, the Student's t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS. Results: Of 5961 participants, the non-CLBP group comprised 4098 women and the CLBP group comprised 1863. Adjusted logistic regression model revealed that dyslipidemia was positively associated with CLBP (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.140, 1.530; p < 0.001). However, hypertension and diabetes were not associated with CLBP. Conclusions: Our results suggest that proper treatment of dyslipidemia may contribute to lowering the risk of CLBP later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility, preliminary efficacy, and effects of a mobile app healthcare coaching program developed based on self-regulation theory among youths with type 1 diabetes. Methods: A mixed-method design was utilized. Participants were randomly assigned into intervention (n=23, 12-week coaching program) or control groups (n=16, usual care). Pre- and post-intervention assessments included self-efficacy, diabetes management behavior, and health outcomes (quality of life, depression, and HbA1c). Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN ver. 26.0. The narrative information from the participants in the healthcare coaching program underwent content analyzed. Results: The intervention group had significantly lower depression scores (t=2.57, p=.014) than the control group. No significant differences were observed in self-efficacy, diabetes management behavior, and health outcomes between the two groups. The average frequency of health behavior monitoring per week among the participants was 1.86±1.60. The qualitative findings indicated that participants perceived improved diabetes self-management with the intervention; however, challenges during vacations, dietary control difficulties, and a lack of disease awareness were identified. Conclusion: The healthcare coaching program improved psychological aspects for youth with type 1 diabetes. Further research is needed to develop and implement mobile app interventions aimed at enhancing compliance with diabetes management in pediatric and adolescent populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]